外研社,新编大学英语综合教程4,Unit3 Gender Differences,Quiz答案

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 新编大学英语第三版综合教程第四册课后答案Unit 1 PersonalityVocabulary1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually7) slim8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded5)sensitive 6) respond/react7)eliminated8)overcome my fear9) concentrate on10) made no commentTranslation1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before.3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’expectations.7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal1/ 18weakness.Part Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience. 4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back. 6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much.Unit 2 Myths and LegendsVocabulary1. 1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparationD.preparatory/preparation3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approvingE. disapprove5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/faithless C. faithd. faithfully7) A. occasional B. occasionallyC. occasion8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered9) A. troublesome B. troubled assured C. assureC. troubledD. troubling 10) A. assurance B.2. 1) got/ran into trouble trouble2) no trouble3) asking for trouble 4) h ave … trouble 5)with6) in serious/deep/big trouble 7) get/getting … into trouble 8) took the trouble3/ 183. 1) with a pattern of roses2) prepared a wonderful/goof meal for us3) promised faithfully4) deliver this letter5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate 6) keep out of mischief/behave themselves7) the sound of distant thunder8) received approval from the government9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much 10) agree whether the drug is safe or notPart Three Further Development5. Complete the following Ancient Chinese story by translating the Chinese into English1) the true reason why there was no such animal in Guizhou2) they were of no use at all in this place3) when he saw the donkey all of a sudden, he thought it was a monster4) he hid himself in the trees while looking at the donkey 5) what kind of animal is this and why does it look different from other animals that I’ve seen?6) But one day the donkey stretched its thin neck and cried 7) the tiger discovered that the donkey didn’t have any other skills besides crying8) But he dared not rush to it and eat it just as he did to other animals9) This did irritate the donkey (made the donkey angry), who raised its hind leg and kicked thetiger10) This time he rushed to it without hesitation and bit its rhroatPart Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice万八---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------一起。

Unit 3 Gender DifferenceGender Roles from a Cultural PerspectiveOver the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. Some of this learning takes place directly. In other words, the child is told by others how to act in an appropriately feminine or masculine way. Other details of gender behavior are taught unconsciously, or indirectly, as the culture provides different images, aspirations, and adult models for girls and boys.Recently, for example, a study of American public schools showed that there is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. According to the researchers, the bias is unintentional and unconscious, but it is there and it is influencing the lives of millions of schoolchildren every year. Doctors David and Myra Sadker videotaped classroom teachers in order to study gender-related bias in education. Their research showed that many teachers who thought they were nonsexist were amazed to see how biased they appeared on videotape. From nursery school to postgraduate courses, teachers were shown to call on males in class far more than on female students. This has a tremendous impact on the learning process for, in general, those students who become active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement. As a matter of fact, in the late 1960s, when many of the best all-women's colleges in the northeastern United States opened their doors to male students, it was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were "taking over" the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.3 Research done by the Sadkers showed that sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles. For instance, one teacher conducting a science class with nursery school youngsters, continually had the little boys perform the scientific "experiment" while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away. Since hands-on work with classroom materials is a very important aspect of early education, the girls were thus being deprived of a vital learning experience that would affect their entire lives.Another dimension of gender-biased education is the typical American teacher's assumption that boys will do better in the "hard", "masculine" subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills. As an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, American boys do, indeed, develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on. But these are cultural, not genetic patterns. In Germany, for example, all studies are considered "masculine", and it is girls who develop reading problems. And in Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.The different attitudes associated with the educational process for girls and boys begin at home. One study, for example, showed that when preschoolers were asked to look at a picture of a house and tell how far away from the house they were permitted to go, the boys indicated a much wider area than the girls, who generally pointed out a very limited area close to the home. Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their "goodness" and obedience to rules. These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its content, and more anxious about being "right" in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. Thus, through the educational process that occupies most of the child's waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold.从文化角度看性别角色1 在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。

Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish.One of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite Shakespeare flawlessly and then make an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, "Quintuple my IQ." The mermaid looks at him and says, "You know, I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider."The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking for. It'll change your entire view of the universe. Won't you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?"But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, "Done." And he becomes a woman.Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return2.2 recite extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists in language, culture andsociety. Do you think this is really so?Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Childrenusually play together with other children of the same gender, and thisis where our conversational style is learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on the contrary, uselanguage mainly to earn status in their group.Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, there should be no gender distinction if writers'names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language styles are stillevident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because of differentcommunication and language styles between the sexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I've done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found that females uselanguage that is more collaborative and supportive such as "Thanksfor all your tips on...", "Good point." and "Hope this helps!". Mentend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as "Do youunderstand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd tothink...".Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females did, while females use collaborativeand supportive language three times as often as males did. In thisstudy, it is clear that there is a gender difference in e-mail messagesjust as in other communication media.Bob White: So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online. Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style learned?2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style?3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet?4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her research?Keys: 1. C2. B3.A4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations2.2 closeness, intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors?Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl?Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy.Cathy: Yes, I agree, John. But...sometimes it's just a matter of courtesy. It doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all.John: That's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather what I meant was except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull outa chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don'tdo it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through thedoor first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in myface.John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe.Keys:1. T T F F T2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of 15 girl babies and 15 boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl babies were softer, littler, more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents'attitudes are influencing their children.Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence.Keys:1. F F T T F2.1reflects descriptions2.2parents’ attitudes2.3suggest, act2.4raising their family, supporting their husbands2.5used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Further speaking and listeningListening 1"Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it, then it will hit him in the nose.A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun.When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off.Boys couldn't care less if their hair is untidy. But for girls, if their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their face. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls.Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy's arm.Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises.Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys.Keys: 1. 1 hit1.2 try to catch1.3 in wonder1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play house1.6 tear…off1.7 care less1.8 lock, in public1.9 painting their face1.10 painting the walls1.11 lazy, cut1.12 dig…into1.13 boys1.14 dirt1.15 talk1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme Hickory Dickory Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme goes like this:Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story:One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to buy an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked best. He said,“The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,”.Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store but my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock. What a naughty boy!Questions:1.Where did the story take place?2.Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better?3.Which clock did the boy like best?4.Why did the mother feel embossed?5.Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock?Keys:1. B2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out to be very small differences with a large degree of overlap.Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex: Women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as a sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan.In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men.Keys:1) aggressive 2) taking risks 3) crimes 4) biology 5) function 6) roles7) unsatisfactory 8) weaker 9) heart attacks 10) rate of survival 11) vary 12) be infected with 13) average lifespan 14) do exist 15) deny16) behaveListening 4It is my belief that gender stereotypes are very real gender characteristics that are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is "weak" physically only because a man is in reality "stronger". A woman is "submissive" only because a man in reality is more "aggressive". A woman is "emotional" only because a man is "less emotional". All these are observed facts.Are there ways to avoid the stereotyping? This is hard to do. We as males and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways. We love to exaggerate gender traits as if to say "Look how female I am" or "Look how male I am". Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel, the more attractive we feel.So all in all I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don't think stereotypes should be avoided because they are real. I do think that we should not attribute extremes of a trait to a gender as a whole, and most certainly not limit someone's potential abilities based on a stereotype. Stereotypes should apply in general but not to an individual. They should serve to help make judgment but not asan absolute.Keys:1.T F F F T T2.1 physically, in reality, aggressive 2.2 avoid, differences, attractive 2.3 extremes, potential abilities。

Unit 3 Gender DifferenceGender Roles from a Cultural PerspectiveOver the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. Some of this learning takes place directly. In other words, the child is told by others how to act in an appropriately feminine or masculine way. Other details of gender behavior are taught unconsciously, or indirectly, as the culture provides different images, aspirations, and adult models for girls and boys.Recently, for example, a study of American public schools showed that there is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. According to the researchers, the bias is unintentional and unconscious, but it is there and it is influencing the lives of millions of schoolchildren every year. Doctors David and Myra Sadker videotaped classroom teachers in order to study gender-related bias in education. Their research showed that many teachers who thought they were nonsexist were amazed to see how biased they appeared on videotape. From nursery school to postgraduate courses, teachers were shown to call on males in class far more than on female students. This has a tremendous impact on the learning process for, in general, those students who become active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement. As a matter of fact, in the late 1960s, when many of the best all-women's colleges in the northeastern United States opened their doors to male students, it was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were "taking over" the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.3 Research done by the Sadkers showed that sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles. For instance, one teacher conducting a science class with nursery school youngsters, continually had the little boys perform the scientific "experiment" while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away. Since hands-on work with classroom materials is a very important aspect of early education, the girls were thus being deprived of a vital learning experience that would affect their entire lives.Another dimension of gender-biased education is the typical American teacher's assumption that boys will do better in the "hard", "masculine" subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills. As an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, American boys do, indeed, develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on. But these are cultural, not genetic patterns. In Germany, for example, all studies are considered "masculine", and it is girls who develop reading problems. And in Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.The different attitudes associated with the educational process for girls and boys begin at home. One study, for example, showed that when preschoolers were asked to look at a picture of a house and tell how far away from the house they were permitted to go, the boys indicated a much wider area than the girls, who generally pointed out a very limited area close to the home. Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their "goodness" and obedience to rules. These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its content, and more anxious about being "right" in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. Thus, through the educational process that occupies most of the child's waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold.从文化角度看性别角色1 在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。

Unit 3 Job Interview VocabularyI.1. 1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) tooka crack at 12) partner2. 1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be putup 4) stood for5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up 3. 1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams thatshe could one day dance in the King’s palace3) will be in re aders’ hands soon4) do your homework before going on aninterview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4. 1)applicants, veteran, the prospective 2)From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study 8. be enough9. be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard toknow where to begin. OK,I’ll talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for yourbeautiful Christmas card. By the way, Ihave something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quiteeasily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and willlet you know how it goes. By the way,I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how tomaximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally,those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. (1) prospective (2) As I see it (3)done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond(9) take a crack (10) from thestandpoint(11) make a difference (12) follow up2. (1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant(4) samples (5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously (9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1. 1) Despite the inadequate length of theairstrip in this emergency landing, theveteran pilot managed to stop the planeafter taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie stareventually blurted (out)that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partnerhas the capital. Working together, we’llhave the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that youwould bring so many friends home, Iwould have made better preparations.You see, I have barely enough food anddrinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learningthat new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2. Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about hisprospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.。

Unit 8一、词汇短语In-Class ReadingHow to T ake Your Timeantique [ adj. 古老的，年代久远的；过时的，古董的；古风的，古式的n. 古董，古玩；古风，古希腊和古罗马艺术风格vi. 觅购古玩【例句】The antique is a fake. 那古董是一件赝品。

【派生】antiquity n. 高龄；古物；古代的遗物live by以…为生emerge [ v. 显现，浮现；暴露；形成【例句】The sun emerged from behind the clouds. 太阳从云层后面露出来。

【词组】emerge from 自…出现；从…显露出来【助记】e(出来)+merge(沉入)→从沉没状态中出来→浮出。

【派生】emerging adj. 新兴的；出现的；形成的chronobiology n. 时间生物学；生物钟学interact [ vi. 互相作用，互相影响【例句】All things are interrelated and interact on each other. 一切事物互相联系并互相作用。

【词组】interact with 与…相互作用interact on 作用；影响；制约【助记】inter(在…之间)+act(行动)→互动→相互作用【派生】interactive adj. 交互式的；相互作用的interaction n. 相互作用；[数] 交互作用contribute to有助于；捐献addict [ n. 瘾君子，吸毒者；沉溺于不良嗜好的人【例句】There are no lengths to which an addict will not go to obtain his drug.瘾君子为了得到毒品什麽事都做得出来。

【词组】be addicted to对……上瘾，addict oneself to沉迷于feel lost怅然若失timepiece n. 钟等各种计时器living clocks生物物理] 生物钟adjust to调节；调整以适应external [ adj. 外部的，表面的；客观的；外国的；[医] 外用的n. 外部，外面【例句】External causes become operative through internal causes. 外因通过内因而起作用。

Key to book4 unit1-7Unit 1 Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discours e marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vagueor not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sen tences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good f or you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees. (c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, a nd all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。

Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish.One of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite Shakespeare flawlessly and then make an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, "Quintuple my IQ." The mermaid looks at him and says, "You know, I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider."The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking for. It'll change your entire view of the universe. Won't you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?"But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, "Done." And he becomes a woman.Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return2.2 recite extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists in language, culture andsociety. Do you think this is really so?Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Childrenusually play together with other children of the same gender, and thisis where our conversational style is learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on the contrary, uselanguage mainly to earn status in their group.Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, there should be no gender distinction if writers'names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language styles are stillevident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because of differentcommunication and language styles between the sexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I've done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found that females uselanguage that is more collaborative and supportive such as "Thanksfor all your tips on...", "Good point." and "Hope this helps!". Mentend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as "Do youunderstand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd tothink...".Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females did, while females use collaborativeand supportive language three times as often as males did. In thisstudy, it is clear that there is a gender difference in e-mail messagesjust as in other communication media.Bob White: So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online. Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style learned?2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style?3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet?4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her research?Keys: 1. C2. B3.A4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations2.2 closeness, intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors?Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl?Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy.Cathy: Yes, I agree, John. But...sometimes it's just a matter of courtesy. It doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all.John: That's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather what I meant was except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull outa chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don'tdo it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through thedoor first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in myface.John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe.Keys:1. T T F F T2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of 15 girl babies and 15 boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl babies were softer, littler, more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents'attitudes are influencing their children.Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence.Keys:1. F F T T F2.1reflects descriptions2.2parents’ attitudes2.3suggest, act2.4raising their family, supporting their husbands2.5used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Further speaking and listeningListening 1"Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it, then it will hit him in the nose.A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun.When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off.Boys couldn't care less if their hair is untidy. But for girls, if their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their face. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls.Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy's arm.Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises.Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys.Keys: 1. 1 hit1.2 try to catch1.3 in wonder1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play house1.6 tear…off1.7 care less1.8 lock, in public1.9 painting their face1.10 painting the walls1.11 lazy, cut1.12 dig…into1.13 boys1.14 dirt1.15 talk1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme Hickory Dickory Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme goes like this:Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story:One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to buy an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked best. He said,“The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,”.Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store but my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock. What a naughty boy!Questions:1.Where did the story take place?2.Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better?3.Which clock did the boy like best?4.Why did the mother feel embossed?5.Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock?Keys:1. B2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out to be very small differences with a large degree of overlap.Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex: Women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as a sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan.In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men.Keys:1) aggressive 2) taking risks 3) crimes 4) biology 5) function 6) roles7) unsatisfactory 8) weaker 9) heart attacks 10) rate of survival 11) vary 12) be infected with 13) average lifespan 14) do exist 15) deny16) behaveListening 4It is my belief that gender stereotypes are very real gender characteristics that are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is "weak" physically only because a man is in reality "stronger". A woman is "submissive" only because a man in reality is more "aggressive". A woman is "emotional" only because a man is "less emotional". All these are observed facts.Are there ways to avoid the stereotyping? This is hard to do. We as males and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways. We love to exaggerate gender traits as if to say "Look how female I am" or "Look how male I am". Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel, the more attractive we feel.So all in all I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don't think stereotypes should be avoided because they are real. I do think that we should not attribute extremes of a trait to a gender as a whole, and most certainly not limit someone's potential abilities based on a stereotype. Stereotypes should apply in general but not to an individual. They should serve to help make judgment but not asan absolute.Keys:1.T F F F T T2.1 physically, in reality, aggressive 2.2 avoid, differences, attractive 2.3 extremes, potential abilities。

Unit 3Section I Listening ComprehensionI.Short conversationsDirections:In this section you'll hear some short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.1. A. She had practiced a lot.B. She had paid high fees.C. She had modeling experiences.D. She complained to the right person.A2. A. The man speaks favorably of it, while the woman speaks unfavorably.B. The woman speaks favorably of it, while the man speaks unfavorably.C. Both the man and the woman speak favorably of it.D. Neither the man nor the woman speaks favorably of it.A3. A. Only vegetables and fruits.B. A lot of fish and meat.C. Traditional diets.D. New diets.D4. A. She’s a blonde.B. She envies a blonde’s white skin.C. She looks dark and unattractive.D. She looks brown and attractive.D5. A. Business.B. False pride.C. A strong body.D. Low price.B6. A. Attend a meeting.B. Have an interview.C. Attend the graduation ceremony.D. Join a company.C7. A. Go to watch the final in the TV room.B. Go to see a movie since he has two tickets.C. Go to see the final live since he has two tickets.D. Give up the watching.C8. A. To get the driving license.B. To be careful in driving the car.C. To have a training of her driving skills.D. To take her driving license with her.B9. A. Teacher and student.B. Father and mother.C. Employer and employee.D. Shop assistant and customer.B10. A. He agrees with the woman.B. He doesn’t agree with the woman.C. He has no idea of that.D. He has seen Adam playing.BII.Long conversationsDirections:In this section you'll hear a long conversation or conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.Conversation 11. A. Making a suit for a friend’s wedding.B. Making a wedding suit for his wedding.C. Making a suit for a job interview.D. Making a suit for a funeral.A2. A. Brown.B. Black.C. Blue.D. White.A3. A. Because it will make him stand out from the rest.B. Because it is common.C. Because he already has three black suits.D. Because black is dull.AConversation 21. A. Because they cannot keep warm.B. Because you cannot wear them to the office or walking down the street.C. Because they are not beautiful.D. Because they only suit rich people.B2. A. The designers can meet each other there.B. The designers can find business partners there.C. It is a great advertising compaign.D. It gives the designers a chance to show what they would like to see people wearing.B3. A. For publicity.B. For personal interest.C. For enriching people’s imagination.D. For stretching their own imagination.AConversation 31. A. A scarf and earrings.B. A scarf, earrings and an anklet.C. A scarf and bracelet.D. Earrings and a bracelet.C2. A. She is a fashion victim.B. She is not a fashion victim.C. She has no sense of fashion.D. She has a lot of sense of fashion.B3. A. A plain coat, jeans and high heels.B. A dress, jeans and high heels.C. A plain top, jeans, and high heels with a flower printed.D. Jeans and high heels.C4. A. $20.B. $80.C. $160.D. $200.CIII.Understanding PassagesDirections: In this section you'll hear a passage or passages. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.Passage 11. A. Clothes are fantasy.B. Clothes are like art.C. Clothes are just practical things to keep people covered.D. Clothes aren’t ordina ry cover-up objects.C2. A. Wu is a 24-year-old senior at Parsons.B. Wu is an Asian designer.C. Wu is going to be interviewed by the speaker.D. Wu says that the luxury market has shifted toward Europe.D3. A. Clothing is your life.B. Clothing is a means of human expression and connection.C. Fashion is like art.D. Clothes are fantasy.Passage 21. A. Su is a sophomore in a prestigious university.B. Su has been working as a nude model for a year.C. Su is from a well-to-do family.D. Su earns 500 yuan a day working as a nude model.C2. A. Su has held an exhibition to show the history of nude models.B. Su has held a debate on campus.C. Su has exhibited her nude photos and videos.D. Su has held an art exhibition to show the works of her classmates.C3. A. Because there are potential dangers that the nude images could be misused and evenillegally distributed.B. Because it is a declining career.C. Because the career is not a stable one.D. Because she cannot earn enough money to live.A4. A. Because she earns money from her work.B. Because she can put her thoughts in studies to her work and deserves respect.C. Because she should show her beauty to the world.D. Because she has the right to do what she likes.BPassage 31. A. It takes their lives.B. It ruins their health.C. It makes them depressed.D. It ruins their appetite.B2. A. 20%.B. 50%.C. 79%.D. 80%.D3. A. How fashion ruins its models.B. How to prevent the damages from fashion.C. How fashion damages ordinary women.D. How fashion does harm to its two groups of victims.D4. A. Approval.B. Neutral.C. Disapproval.D. Indifferent.Passage 41. A. A significant amount of time investment.B. A lot of efforts investment.C. A lot of savings investment.D. Her failure to be creative.C2. A. She borrowed money from her friends.B. She asked her relatives for help.C. She put her own savings into the business.D. She cut back on the costs.C3. A. Packaging costs.B. Shipping costs.C. Taxes and tariffs.D. Employment costs.DPassage 51. A. It cannot be eaten.B. It cannot be worn.C. It reflects Lady Gaga’s fashion history.D. It is very big.C2. A. In the morning.B. When Lady Gaga is enjoying her birthday party.C. When Lady Gaga is having a concert that night.D. After the concert.C3. A. The special cake.B. Good wishes from her friends.C. Being together with her fans and friends on stage.D. Being with her family.Cpound DictationDirections: In this section you will hear a passage or passages three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the information you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Passage 1Fashion designers help create the billions of dresses, suits, shoes, and other clothing and accessories (配饰) purchased every year by consumers. They study fashion (1) , sketchdesigns of clothing and accessories, (2) colors and fabrics (纤维织物), and oversee the final production of their designs. Clothing designers create and help produce people’s clo thing, including (3) wear, suits, sportswear, formalwear, outerwear, and intimate clothing. Footwear designers help create and produce different (4) of shoes and boots. Accessory designers help create and produce (5) such as handbags, belts, scarves, and hats, which (6) the finishing touches to an outfit. Some fashion designers (7) in clothing, footwear, or accessory design, but others create designs in all three fashion (8) .The design process from initial design concept to final production takes between 18 and 24 months.(9) . Some designers conduct their own research, while others rely on trend reports published by fashion industry trade groups. (10). Textile (纺织品) manufacturers use these trend reports to begin designing fabrics and patterns while fashion designers begin to sketch preliminary designs. (11). Once designs and fabrics are chosen, a prototype (原型，模范) of the article using cheaper materials is created.Keys:(1)trends (2)select (3)casual (4)styles (5) items (6)add(7) specialize (8)categories(9)The first step in creating a design is researching current fashion and making predictions of future trends(10)Trend reports indicate what styles and colors, and fabrics will be popular for a particular season in the future(11)Designers then visit manufacturers or trade shows to get samples of fabrics and decide which fabrics to use with which designsPassage 2The name Christian Dior is considered by many to be the most recognized name in fashion. Its founder, Christian Dior was born in 1905 in the small town of Granville in Normandy, France. Dior spent some time as an artist and (1) a gallery in 1928, with generous financing by his father. Hard times were just around the (2) though. The Great Depression resulted in the (3) of the family business, forcing them to sell (4)everything they owned. Dior moved in with a friend and soon began (5) his attention to the fashion industry. After being (6) from army service in 1940, he returned to Paris in 1941 and (7) employment with the fashion house of Lucien Lelong. In 1946 Marcel Boussac, the richest man in France at the time, provided (8) financial backing for Dior to launch his own fashion house. Dior's first clothing line released in 1947 was an overwhelming success, winning favor for the designer, both in Europe and the distant USA.(9) . Wider global expansion followed shortly after. In 1948 Dior launched a perfume line which proved to be a great success. (10) . Dior was preparing for retirement when a heart attack took his life in 1957. Later the group experienced many ups and downs over the years. (11).Keys:(1)launched (2)corner (3)bankruptcy (4)virtually (5)directing (6)discharged (7)secured (8)substantial(9)Not surprisingly, in 1949 Dior established a presence in New York and soon expanded again to London in 1952(10) And in a 1950 decision he expanded the brand into fashion accessories like hats, ties and handbags(11) Despite all these, Dior is still considered as one of the most popular and innovative fashion houses in the worldSection II VocabularyV.Blank filling (with the correct form)Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the correct form of the words given in the brackets.1.Do not think too highly of yourself, and yet, never ____________ your ability. (estimate) Key: underestimate2.After World War I there was a general ____________ of youth against “old-fashioned” ideas,particularly patriarchal family relationships. (rebel)Key: rebellion3.What you do is important to you, for it will be your creation and expression of your____________. (individual)Key: individuality4.Errors are ____________ incidents in the course of scientific research. (escape)Key: inescapable5.Children grow up feeling ____________ as they are moved back and forth between parents.(settle)Key: unsettled6.With the rapid development of economy and growth of population recently, the problem ofwater resources shortage, water environment ____________, drought and flood becomes more and more acute. (deteriorate)Key: deterioration7.In the most primitive society in the forest, the function of human is ____________. (restrict) Key: restricted8.He ____________ the biography of the basketball star. (drama)Key: dramatized9.You wish your partner would ____________ become the person you want him to be, but hewon’t. (magic)Key: magically10.All the accommodation available was at our ____________. (dispose)Key: disposal11.It is rumoured that the accident was due to ____________. (neglect)Key: negligence12.Now, as the chairman of the Ski Village, in the city, he ____________ over the largestwinter-sports recreation ground. (president)Key: presides13.Once upon a time there lived a foolish king and a famous ____________. (magic)Key: magician14.I regret that a previous ____________ prevents me from accepting your kind invitation.(engage)Key: engagement15.The new treatment could ____________ alter the life of people suffering from the disease.(drama)Key: dramatically16.Our English teacher recently watched a boy who always cheated in the ____________ test.(dictate)Key: dictation17.Politically these nations tend to be ____________, with very high birth rates but pooreducation and very low levels of literacy. (stable)Key: unstable18.How can we ____________ children to become autonomous learners? (power)Key: empower19.That was the extreme southern limit attained by the ____________ traveller. (courage) Key: courageous20.A silk hat, a black coat and a hard white collar are said to be signs of ____________.(respectable)Key: respectabilityVI. Choosing the right wordDirections: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.Englishteachers ____________ the effect of interest and keep preaching in class.2. The social conflict is a ____________ phenomenon in the social changes, and one of theimportant subjects which the sociology research institute cares about too.3. Finally at the meeting, they cleared up the problem that remained ____________ for years.4. Information systems have played an increasingly ____________ role overthe past severalyears in improving the competitiveness of business.5. The marine environment here has ____________ due to crude oil leakage.6. We must make it a ____________ rule against smoking in the office.7. Much of the information that people assume is “factual ” actually ____________ to beinaccurate.8. He was delighted at ____________ an old friend in such an unlikely place.9. The police ____________ where the large, noisy crowd should stand during the parade.10. They feed almost ____________ on dead vegetation other than meat.Key:1. underestimate2. ubiquitous3. unsettled4. visible5. deteriorated6. hard and fast7. turns out8. chancing upon9. dictated10. exclusively1. He warns that the situation of the flood victims will ____________ further unless theinternational community acts quickly.2. The young heir was warned that he would soon have nothing left if he continued to be____________ with money.3. My son always tries to ____________ to his friends when they play together.4. Genetic analysis of the new swine flu virus has shown that it differs ____________ fromprevious seasonal viruses.5. The delicate workmanship ____________ through the time not only in the art field, but also inany business field.6. The man displayed what ____________ to be a toy gun and demanded money from the teller.7. The Conference Board said its consumer confidence ____________ had its biggest jump insix years in May.8. Education will play a more and more ____________ role in social and economicdevelopment.9.The Justice Minister earlier expressed concern that the case could trigger a ____________from the Japanese public.10.Some people believe that air travel should be ____________ because it causes seriouspollution and uses up the world’s fuel resources.Key:1. deteriorate2. lavish3. dictate4. dramatically5. wore away6. turned out7. index8. predominant9. backlash10. restrictedVII. Multiple choicesDirections: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.1.We do not favour overstressing the importance of literature and art, but neither do we favour____________ their importance.A.underestimatingB.overstatingC.appreciatingD.depreciatingKey: A2.Don’t ___________ the seriousness of the problem, actually it’s no big deal.A.underestimateB.degradeC.overestimateD.emphasizeKey: C3.I was totally mixed up by his ____________ and ambiguous remarks.A.ubiquitousB.unsettledC.daringD.elusiveKey: D4.Most of the iceberg’s bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend outfar beyond the ____________ top.A.visibleB.obviousC.predominantD.elusiveKey: A5.Rapid energy consumption will not only ____________ the environment, but also triggerserious social problems.A.extractB.spoilC.disposeD.deteriorateKey: D6.Do you think Chinese actors are ____________ to kungfu films in order to succeed inHollywood?A.disposedB.exclusiveC.ubiquitousD.restrictedKey: D7.The cost of his ____________ lifestyle took a tremendous toll on his fortunes.rmalvishC.respectableD.luminousKey: B8.His extremely original and ____________ designs focus on the effect of the dress rather thanthe wearer, making him a true loner in the Italian fashion world.A.elusiveB.magicvishD.daringKey: D9.Despite a lack of ____________ education, she was far from stupid.A.higherB.regularC.formalD.collegeKey: C10.We don’t want to rule over others, ____________ to them, or try to control their beliefs.A.presideB.disposeC.dictateD.predominateKey: C11.The consumer price ____________, a key inflation measurement, rose 2 per cent in urbanareas and 1.7 per cent in rural areas, the bureau said yesterday.missionB.figureC.powerD.indexKey: D12.There are no ____________ dietary rules necessary to begin the practice of yoga.A.boom and bustB.prim and properC.hard and fastD.safe and soundKey: C13.Once the impression had been made, it remained with time until it ____________, leaving asmooth surface once more.A.wore awayB.wore upC.turned awayD.turned outKey: A14.It ____________ that there had been two Marines with the same name and similar number inthe camp.A.showed upB.happened toC.turned outD.sparked offKey: C15.Sometimes when making plans, things don’t always ____________ as we have planned.A.turn outB.tune outC.show upD.turn upKey: A16.Our washing machine ____________ yesterday and flooded the kitchen.A.turned onB.broke downC.collapsed upD.fell apartKey: B17.For most ____________ dinners, you should wear comfortable and casual clothes.A.formalB.banquetC.casualrmalKey: D18.This is her first time cooking without a recipe and she cannot predict how it will____________.A.work outB.turn outC.figure outD.make outKey: B19.Mary has no outside interest at all. Her whole life ____________ her husband and thechildren.A.centres onB.turns onC.concentrates aroundD.revolves aroundKey: D20.By admitting that he had not thoroughly studied the facts, the speaker ____________ hisopponent’s hands.A.fell intoB.played intoC.fell intoD.ran intoKey: B21.As Jim approached even closer, he noticed that the man was picking up starfish that had been____________ on the beach and, one at a time, he threw them back into the water.A.washed upB.washed awayC.moved upD.turned upKey: A22.____________ cycles are inherent in market economies and cannot be prevented completely.A.Prim and properB.Hard and fastC.Boom and bustD.Life and deathKey: C23.On the other hand, people might ____________ their children after a respected older relativeor even a famous person.A.callB.entitleC.addressKey: D24.He hoped the damage had not occurred through ____________ in the hotel garage.A.deteriorationB.mindfulnessC.negligenceD.disposalKey: C25.The TV series ____________ how investing in a home becomes an issue for extended familyas well.A.underestimatesB.dictatesC.dramatizesD.revivesKey: C26.The survivor of a shipwreck was ____________ on a small, uninhabited island.A.washed upB.washed awayC.found outD.showed upKey: A27.The ____________ has approved a defense report that urges the country to quickly finishbuilding a missile defense system to counter the potential threat from other countries.A.cabinetB.cupboardC.closetD.chamberKey: A28.Urban problems ____________ meeting the needs of the existing inhabitants and replacingold and obsolete facilities, especially housing.A.centre aroundB.turn aroundC.concentrate aroundD.revolve aroundKey: D29.But, as any machine, a robot can ____________ and even cause disaster.A.break upB.fall downC.break downD.collapse apartKey: C30.Scientists, on the other hand, know that their job is never finished and that even the besttheory can ____________ to be wrong.A.find outB.try outC.turn outD.work outKey: C31.The explosive was ____________ by someone striking a match to light up a cigarette.A.put offB.broken outC.started outD.sparked offKey: D32.Friction ____________ metal in the moving parts which shortens their working life.A.erodes awayB.eats awayC.wears awayD.tears awayKey: C33.The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight illustrates the____________ power of the press.A.rapidB.dramaticC.hugeD.enormousKey: B34.Your choices are yours to make and can never be ____________ by others.A.empoweredB.presidedC.disposedD.dictatedKey: D35.You need not ____________ kindness on those ungrateful people.A.suspendvishC.engageD.renderKey: B36.A second session of the summit dealt ____________ with the world’s poorest continent.A.exclusivelyB.vastlyC.looselyD.exactlyKey: A37.A round-the-clock television channel devoted ____________ to aging, dying and death is tobe launched in Germany.A.entirelyB.predominantlyC.successfullyD.exclusivelyKey: D38.What you do is important to you, for it will be your creation and expression of your____________.A.identityB.characterC.individualismD.individualityKey: D39.Website claims that no members shall use the relevant documents for illegal purposes, or elseit would ____________ the service.A.stopB.haltC.suspendD.ceaseKey: C40.In this country, the scale of alcohol is ____________ to people over the age of 18.A.restrainedB.restrictedC.resumedD.restoredKey: BSection III Structureplete the sentencesDirections: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.1.One of the greatest mistakes you can ever make is ____________ (低估自己的才华和潜能). Key: underestimating your talent and potential2.____________ (你的买卖失败是不可避免的) unless you change your way of managementat once.Key: Your failure in the business is inescapable3.People around the world must act immediately to ____________ (防止情况进一步恶化). Key: prevent the situation from deteriorating even further4.____________ (随着现在城市环境的日益恶化), ecological landscape design attractpeople’s attention more and more.Key: With the urban environment deteriorating today5.The panel’s reports suggested that the database ____________ (由一个独立的机构专门监管).Key: (should) be overseen exclusively by an independent authority6.It’s an open question whether atmospheric, oceanic or other causal factors ____________ (极大地改变飓风发生的频度和强度).Key: have dramatically changed the frequency or intensity of hurricanes7.The teacher said that ____________ (有严格规定禁止吸烟) at school.Key: there was a hard and fast rule against smoking8.The employees they once considered as young, selfish and uncomfortable ____________ (结果证明是有责任的，精力充沛的团体成员).Key: turn out to be responsible, energetic team players9.____________ (如果其中一台计算机坏了), the whole network would be unable to work. Key: If one of the computers broke down10.The story ____________ (围绕着一个并未犯罪却被判处死刑的男人) and the lengths thathis brother would go to save him.Key: revolved around a man who was sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit11.But if you decide to be strong, ____________ (苦难会是一笔财富) on which new hopes willarise.Key: the hardship will turn out to be a fortune12.The structure and working principle of the device for assembling are introduced and____________ (经实践证明，此方法安全、可靠).Key: it turns out to be safe, reliable in practice13.We should remember a worthy proverb “___________ (滴水穿石).”Key: constant dropping of water wears away a stone14.Researchers looking at the effects of cannabis on bones have found ____________ (它的影响随着年纪增长显著不同).Key: its impact varies dramatically with age15.Christmas provided families with a day when ____________ (他们能够慷慨给予孩子们关心和礼物) without appearing to “spoil” them.Key: they could lavish attention and gifts on their childrenIX. Multiple choicesDirections: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.1.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than that____________ in the public mind today.A.existsB.existC.existingD.to existKey: A2.The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ____________to the truck.A.the greater stress isB.greater is the stressC.the stress is greaterD.the greater the stress isKey: D3.____________ their policy can be changed, the future for that country will be indeed bleak.A.Even ifB.UnlessC.Now thatD.As long asKey: B4.He never hesitates to make ____________ criticisms ____________ are considered helpful toothers.A.so … thatB.so… asC.such … thatD.such… asKey: C5.They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time,____________ is something we had not expected.A.whichB.itC.thatD.whatKey: A6.Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ____________ is needed forquality control can be substantially reduced.A.whoseB.asC.whatD.thatKey: D7.So badly ____________ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.A.did he injureB.injured himC.was he injuredD.he was injuredKey: C8.For some time now, world leaders ____________ out the necessity for agreement on armsreduction.A.had been pointingB.have been pointingC.were pointingD.pointedKey: B9.This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals____________ in Africa.A.huntedB.huntingC.that huntedD.are huntedKey: A10.I never regretted ____________ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay.A.not to acceptB.not having acceptedC.having not acceptedD.not acceptingKey: B11.____________ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted hislife to helping the deaf.A.He is rememberedB.To rememberC.While rememberingD.Though rememberedKey: D12.It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____________ going to agree upon anythingtoday.A.neither you nor I areB.neither you nor me isC.neither you nor I amD.neither me nor you areKey: C13.The idea of travelling through ____________ space to other planets interests many peopletoday.A. aB.theC./D.oneKey: C14.Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install____________ solar heating devices in our home.A.some type of。