新编英语教程4-unit-1

英语翻译Unit one Nine to fivepassage1大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天,超过65 万的大学生毕业离校,其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作.在当今金融危机的背景下,做父母的该如何激励他们？1七月,你看着英俊的21岁的儿子穿上学士袍,戴上四方帽,骄傲地握着大学荣誉学位证书,拍毕业照.这时,记忆中每年支付几千英镑,好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参加聚会的记忆开始消退.但现在,你又不得不再考虑钱的问题.2等到暑假快要结束,全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候,你却发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视.除此之外,他只是偶尔发发短信,浏览社交Facebook,或者去酒吧喝酒.这位属于"千禧一代〞的年轻人一夜之间变成了"抱怨一代〞的成员.他能找到工作吗？3这就是成千上万家庭所面临的状况：今年夏天,超过65万的大学生毕业,在当今金融危机的背景下,他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么.父母只会唠叨,而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者.他们知道自己该找份工作,但却不知道如何去找.4来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业,获得二级一等荣誉学士学位.他走进大学就业服务中心,但又径直走了出来,因为他看见很多人在那里排长队.跟他一起住的另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样,进去又出来了.找工作的压力不大,虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划.5他说："我申请政治学研究工作,但被拒绝了.他们给的年薪是1.8万镑,交完房租后所剩无几,也就够买一罐豆子,可他们还要有工作经历或硕士学位的人.然后我又申请参加快速晋升人才培养计划,并通过了笔试.但在面试时,他们说我‘太冷漠’了,谈吐‘太像专家政治论者’.我觉得自己不可能那样,但我显然就是那样的.〞6打那以后,他整个夏天都在"隐身〞.他能够轻松地复述出电视剧《交通警察》中的若干片段.他白天看电视的时间太长,已经到了影响健康的地步.跟朋友谈起自己漫无目标的日子时,他才发现他们的处境和自己一样.其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市上货,其余的则都是朝九晚五地"无所事事〞,晚上则去酒吧喝酒打发时间.要么,干脆就在酒吧工作？这样还可以挣些酒钱."我不想在酒吧工作.我上的是综合学校,我拼命读书才考上了一所好大学.到了大学,我又埋头苦读, 才取得一个好学位.可现在我却跟那些没上过大学的做无聊的酒吧侍应的朋友处在同一个水平线上.我觉得自己好像兜了一圈,又回到了原来的起点.〞7他的母亲杰奎琳·古德温替他辩护.她坚持认为她的儿子已经尽力找工作了.但由于她自己中学毕业后一直都在工作,所以她和她的丈夫发现,建议儿子如何继续找工作是件很棘手的事情.她说："我一直都不得不工作.而现在的年轻人很难做到这一点,因为如果你有了学位,学位就会为你提供新的机会,至少你自己会这么想.〞8虽然目前她对儿子的态度还比较温和,但是她心里很清楚,去南美度三星期的假之后,他的休假就该结束了.他可能还得付房租,并分担家庭开支.9 她说："在某个时候孩子们总要长大成人.我们已经帮他交了大学的学费,所以他也该给我们一点点回报了.南美度假就是一个分水岭,他回来以后如果找不到工作,那就圣诞节打零工好了.〞10心理治疗师盖尔·林登费尔德是《情感康复策略》的作者.她说古德温夫妇的做法是很恰当的.从大学到工作的转换对父母和孩子来说都很艰难,关键是父母要在支持理解孩子和不溺爱孩子之间找到一个平衡点.11"父母的主要任务就是支持孩子,如果他们教导孩子该如何做,那么就会引起矛盾.但如果有熟人,一定要找他们想办法,〞她说."很多父母心太软了.必须限制孩子的零花钱,要求他们交房租, 或分担日常生活或养宠物的开销.父母要维持正常的生活,不要让孩子随便用你们的银行账户或者榨干你们的情感能量.〞12为孩子支付职业咨询费、面试交通费或书费是好事,但不能催得太紧.林登费尔德建议：虽说父母不能太宽容,但是如果孩子找工作遇到了挫折,父母应该体谅他们,宽容他们几天甚至几周——这取决于他们受打击的程度.等他们缓过来之后,父母就该坚决要求孩子继续求职.13男孩更容易窝在家里.林登费尔德相信男人比母亲和姐妹更容易帮助儿子、侄子或朋友的儿子.她说,由于男人和女人处理挫折的方式不同,所以男孩需要跟男人谈话才能渡过难关.14林登费尔德强烈支持去酒吧打工：那是克服毕业冷漠症的一剂良方.这工作好不好要取决于你如何看待它.就是在酒吧打工的时候,林登费尔德找到了她的第一份当航拍助手的工作.她说在酒吧工作是拓展人际关系的绝好机会,肯定比赖在家里看电视更容易找到工作.15她说："在超市上货也一样.如果干得好,你就会被人发现的.如果你聪明、活泼,礼貌待客,你很快就会升职.所以,把它看作是机会.那些最终成功的人士很多都有在超市上货的经历.〞16你的儿女可能不会干好莱坞影星们干过的活,比如像乌比·戈德堡那样去停尸房给死人化妆,或者像布鲁斯·威利斯那样在核电站当警卫,但即便是布拉德·皮特也曾经不得不穿上宽大的小鸡模样的服装站在快餐连锁店El Pollo Loco的门口招揽生意.他们中没有一个人因为这些经历而变得更加穷困.Passage 2依我看1 依我看,现实生活并没有人们想象的那么好.我们上了12年的中小学,又上了3年的大学,这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在备受呵护的学生生活之外的那个广阔天地里的各种机会,可我遇到的又是什么呢？2 无论我怎么想保持心情愉快,可麻烦事总是接踵而来：有时是和人发生矛盾〔尤其是跟男孩子——他们什么时候才能长大？〕,但通常是为钱发愁.这个地方什么东西都很贵！人人都想从我身上赚点钱：税务局要收个人所得税,银行经理要我偿清学生贷款,房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费,手机账单也不断地寄来.所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱.更可气的是,不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙给我打,问我要不要买养老金.照这样下去,我甚至都支撑不到年底, 更别提活到60岁领养老金了.3 我那时还不想出去工作.我的意思是,我并不是个逃避现实社会的人,但我知道自己未来某一天可能不得不逃避现实.许多人认为"生活不是野餐〞,"没有免费的午餐〞.但既然我拿到了优等生文凭,我想我应该继续攻读硕士学位.实际上,我已经看中了伦敦政治经济学院的课程.这是一所顶尖的学校,能给我的履历表增添一段光彩的经历.但当我跟妈妈谈起这件事时,她说她没法继续供我上学了.我大概能理解她的心情,但并不仅仅是因为我学的是经济学.15年来,为了能让我上学,她含辛茹苦.这些年来,父亲大部分时间都不在家.就算在家,他也没钱.他把钱都拿去赌狗、喝酒了.所以我听了妈妈的话,向命运低下了头.4 依我看,不管人们说什么,幸运的是世上还有很多好心人.迈克就是其中的一个.大学毕业时,我想如果我回家,妈妈就会觉得她有责任照顾我.所以,我就收拾行李去伦敦找工作.我想找金融和投资方面的职位,因为你知道这样我就可以用上我的专业知识.可是那时候已经没有这样的工作了,但我又不愿意做复印文件、端茶倒水之类的乏味的办公室工作.5 在伦敦,无论走到什么地方,你都能找到一个好酒吧.有一天,我意识到这个城市没有人会雇我,于是我走进位于利德贺街的索尔兹伯里酒吧去喝酒,顺便吃点东西.店主迈克正在店里,他一只手倒酒,一只手做三明治,同时还洗酒杯.他真的好像有三只手.他好像也认识所有的客人,叫得出常客的名字.他跟他们打招呼,帮他们调好酒,并问一句："今天还喝这个,是吧？〞我觉得他看起来蛮酷的,他在做着他最擅长的事情：为那些口渴的顾客服务,没人能比得上他.所以我就走上前去问他要不要雇人.6 好吧,长话短说,某个周五的午餐时间我开始在那个酒吧打工.这份工作要求很高,但我喜欢.顾客好像觉得我很有趣,这也让我感觉好一些.有位穿西服的中年常客总要半杯苦啤酒和一份火腿泡菜三明治,面包皮要削掉.他叫托尼.我一看见他进来,尽量不等他开口就准备好他的午餐.他也是一个好心人.7 依我看,一个人没钱的时候花钱最容易.我开始琢磨怎么花第一个月的薪水了.我住的公寓房租很贵,我挣的钱刚够支付第一个月的大笔账单,但是我估计还能剩点钱好好犒劳一下自己.我想,何不买张CD或买盆花草装点一下房间？8 发工资的那天正好是我的生日,除了迈克和托尼,我在伦敦就没有别的朋友了.如果你知道我那时还没有男朋友,你就会理解我为什么为自己感到难过了.我给自己定了些鲜花,让卖花的人附上一张卡片,上面写道："给你我所有的爱.无名氏〞.我生日那天最精彩的瞬间将会是送花人送我花时大惑不解的眼神.9 那周晚些时候,托尼像往常一样来了,在酒吧里坐下."你怎么了？今天怎么不见你笑啦？〞我跟他聊天……嗯,差不多什么都跟他说了：钱、硕士学位、生日,一切的一切.他很同情我.10 托尼离开搁脚凳、走过去和另外几个人说话.别忘了：索尔兹伯里酒吧位于金融城的中心,所以这里所有的顾客都从事银行、保险或证券工作.第二天,他拿着价值两万英镑的几张支票来到酒吧,对我说："这是给你的创业贷款,你唯一的贷款担保就是我对你的信任,相信有一天你赚了钱会把钱还给我们.如果你还不了钱,那就太糟了,不过对你来说,也算是做过金融生意了.但是,我相信你还得了.〞11 我没说话,我怕我自己要哭了.世上怎么会有这么好的人？12 那些花怎么处理？我叫花店改送到妈妈那里去了,我生日那天鲜花正好送到.她才应该得到这些鲜花,不是吗？13 依我看,回顾这些年的经历,我发现人一辈子只需要一两次的机缘就能成功.就算其余时候都在吃苦受累也不要紧,那是值得的.14 在索尔兹伯里酒吧干了一年之后,我去了伦敦政治经济学院深造.拿到硕士学位之后,我在一家投资银行找到了一份工作.我把那两万英镑投进了证券市场,在20##金融崩盘之前卖掉了所有的股票.我把托尼和其他投资者的钱还了,付给他们10%的年息,并成立了自己的公司.公司的生意好得出乎意料,至今还红红火火.15 托尼给我写了一封感谢信.他出了车祸,现在不能走路了.我还给他的钱正好可以用来改造房子.房子改造后他就可以坐着轮椅在家里自由活动了.下面是他信里写的话：16 "我从事银行业35年来最好的投资就是给你的这笔贷款,你连本带利地偿还了贷款,我对你的信任和你的诚实都获得了百倍的回报.依我看,在人身上投资能带来你所期望的最好的回报.〞17 依我看,他说得对.你说呢？英译汉Google has spent years analyzing who succeeds at the pany. They have moved away from a focus on GPAs, brand-name schools, and interview brain teasers <智力测验题>. Google’s Senior Vice President of People Operations, Laszlo Bock, suggests that credentials are no longer sufficient for success. Bock points out that graduates of top schools can lack intellectual humility and that succeeding in academia isn’t always a sign of being able to do a job.Successful bright young graduates rarely experience failure, and they find that their academic careers have not prepared them to fail gracefully in the real world. Google recognizes the importance of intellectual humility in its applicants. The pany looks for the ability to step back and embrace other peop le’s ideas when those ideas are better. Bock says the No.1 thing he is looking for is general cognitive ability. It is learning ability. It is the ability to process information on the fly.谷歌公司就什么人能在该公司取得成功这个问题做了多年的研究,研究关注的焦点不再是绩点、名牌大学、面试智力测验题.谷歌人力运营部高级副总裁拉斯洛·博克认为,想取得成功,只拥有学历证书是不够的.博克指出,顶尖高校的毕业生可能缺少智力上的谦逊,并且学业上的成功并不意味着工作能力强.聪明的年轻学霸毕业生很少经历失败,他们会发现,在现实生活中,学业生涯并没有使自己做好大方接受失败的准备.谷歌认识到应聘者具有智力上的谦逊是十分重要的,他们所寻找的是一种能退一步思考、接受别人更好想法的能力.博克说他想寻找的首要素质就是常规的认知能力.那是一种学习的能力,是在繁忙的工作中处理信息的能力.汉译英"创客〞指勇于创新,努力将自己的创意变为现实的人.这个词译自英文单词maker,源于美国麻省理工学院〔Massachusetts Institute of Technology〕微观装配实验室〔fabrication laboratory〕的课题.该课题以客户为中心,以创新为理念,由个人设计、制造满足个人需要的智能设备,参与该课题的学生即"创客〞.在中国,"创客〞特指具有创新理念、自主创业的人.中国的"创客〞即包括发明新设备的科技达人,也包括软件开发者、艺术家、设计师等诸多领域的优秀代表.Chuangke is a term that refers to innovative people who make an effort to turn their cuttingedge ideas into reality. The term is translated from the English word maker, which is derived from the fabrication laboratory project of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US. It is a consumer-centred project, emphasizing innovation and designed to empower individuals to develop and produce smart devices to suit personal needs. The students participating in the project arecalled "makers〞. In China, Chuangke refers to those who start their own businesses with innovative ideas. Chinese makers include tech-savvy people who dedicate themselves to creating new devices and distinguished innovators in various fields, such as software developers, artists and designers.Unit2passage1危险！书可能会改变你的人生Danger! Books may change your life1刘易斯·卡罗尔书中的爱丽丝不小心掉进了兔子洞里,但她在那里发现了一个神奇的仙境.当我们打开一本书时,我们也会像爱丽丝那样走进一个全新的世界.我们能从一个年长者的角度,或通过一个孩子的眼睛来观察生活；我们可以周游世界,遍访现实生活中从没想过要访问的国家和文化；我们可以体验未曾经历过的事情,这些事情也许令人困惑,也许引人入胜；可能是不愉快的,也可能是令人痛苦的,但无论如何都至少能把我们从现实世界中解放出来.2 英国诗人威廉·柯珀〔1731–1800〕说："变化是生活的调味品,它让生活变得有滋有味.〞虽然他没有说在什么地方以与怎样才能找到变化,但我们知道他说得对.我们知道我们生活在一个充满变化与差异的世界里,我们知道人们的生活各不相同,过日子的方式也不尽相同,人们做不同的工作,有不同的信仰,持不同的观点,有不同的风俗习惯,操不同的语言.通常,我们不知道这些差异的大小,但一旦发生了不平常的事情并引起了我们的注意,这种变化或差异与其说是机会,毋宁说是威胁.3 读书让我们能够安全地享受和庆贺这种变化与差异,并为我们提供成长的机会.在家里安详平和的环境中与他人的生活互动,这是阅读小说才享有的特权.我们甚至感觉到——哪怕只是在一瞬间——我们和其他文化读者的共同点或许要多于我们和家门口随便碰到的一个人的共同点.我们学会把目光移出我们周围的环境,投向天边,去领略一下异域风光.4 如果我们怀疑读书是否能给我们力量的话,我们就应该自己去一趟当地的图书馆或书店,或者,如果我们足够幸运的话,可以读一读家里书架上的书.我们会惊奇于古今小说的标题所创造出来的壮观景象：约翰·斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》、约翰·欧文的《第四只手》、亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴的《癌病房》、欧内斯特·海明威的《丧钟为谁而鸣》、格雷厄姆·格林的《哈瓦那特派员》、奥黛丽·尼芬格的《时间旅行者的妻子》、保罗·托迪的《到也门钓鲑鱼》.一旦开始阅读,我们就应该思考一下我们在书中读到的别样人生.5 每一本书都有自己的语言、方言、词汇和语法.我们不见得总能理解其中的每一个字、每一句话,但不管我们是痴迷其中,还是觉得被排斥在外,我们的情感被调动起来了.尽管在地理上有一定的距离,但其他民族、其他文化未必就离我们那么遥远.在书里我们可能遇见生活在不同气候、有不同信仰、属于不同种族的人.即便是住在同一条街上的邻居,我们也可能对其一无所知,而只能通过阅读结识.6 小时候,在我们刚刚能听懂别人说话的时候书就对我们的生活方式产生了很大的影响.从父母读的睡前故事一直到成年后家中摆满书的客厅,书界定了我们的人生.英国作家E. M.福斯特〔1879–1970〕暗示书对我们具有另一种更加神秘的支配力.他写道："我认为能影响我们的书籍是那些我们已经准备要读的书,而且这些书在我们已经选定的道路上走得比我们更远一些.〞合适的书好像自己就会在恰当的时候找到我们,出现在我们面前,而不是我们去寻找那本书.7 美国修士、牧师与作家托马斯·默顿〔1915–1968〕曾经被记者一连串地问了7个问题：说出你最近读完的3本书；你正在读的3本书；你打算要读的书；对你有影响的书,并解释一下理由；一本你觉得每人都要读的书,并解释一下理由.关于对他有影响的书,他列出了威廉·布莱克的诗集、古希腊思想家和作家写的各种戏剧以与一些##作品.当被问与这些书为何会影响他时,他回答说："这些书——还有其他类似的书籍——帮助我找到了人生的真谛.销售就是一切的文化培育了人们无止境的需求和消极被动,生活充满了困惑和空虚,而书籍则把我从这种困惑和空虚中解脱了出来.〞8 那么,你又会如何回答这些问题呢？9 1947年,克里夫顿·费迪曼发明了"全垒打书籍〞这个词.当一个棒球手打出一个全垒打时,因为击球有力、打得远,他有时间跑完整个棒球场内的四个垒,不仅自己得分,而且还能帮其他各个垒的跑垒者得分,这是棒球赛里最有趣和最开心的事情.同样,一本"全垒打书籍〞指的不是儿童第一次读书的经历,而是指他第一次读到一本给他带来极大愉悦和满足感的书以至于让他爱不释手的经历.对世界上数以亿计的儿童来说,"全垒打书籍〞的最典型的例子就是《哈利·波特》系列故事.10 作为作为成年人,我们总在寻找自己的"全垒打书籍〞,不仅是第一次,而是一次又一次地寻找.所有曾经一口气读完一本小说的人都会记得那种令人期待的愉悦和满足感,并会焦急、固执、有时甚至疯狂地寻求重复体验这种感觉.我们想周游另一个世界、想与不同的人见面、想经历别样的人生并自我反省,我们无法遏制这样的渴求.11 危险！书可能会改变你的人生.这就是读书的力量.Passage 2它们是活生生的,而且它们在跟我说话1 我坐在一间小屋子里,屋子的一面墙边排满了书.这是我头一次有闲工夫和一堆书这样的东西打交道.所有的书加起来最多不超过500本,但大多数是我自己挑的.自打我开始写作生涯以来,我第一次得到我一直渴望拥有的这么多书.事实上,我过去的大多数工作都不依靠图书馆,我把这看成是优势,而不是劣势.2 我想到的与读书相关的头一件事就是夺书大战.请注意,不是拥有它们,而是要把它们搞到手.从我对书着迷开始,我就面对着重重困难.公共图书馆里我要借的书总是被借出去了,当然,我又没钱买书.我那时只有十八九岁,要想得到社区图书馆的批准借阅类似斯特林堡写的《痴人的忏悔》这样"不道德〞的书是不可能的.在那个年代,年轻人禁读的书都根据其违背道德的程度被标记了星星——一颗星、两颗星、三颗星.我猜想,这种做法至今依然存在.我也希望如此,因为我知道,没有任何别的方法比这种愚蠢的分类和禁止更能吊起读者的胃口.3 我经常思考一个问题,那就是是什么让一本书有了生命力？我觉得答案很简单：一本书之所以有生命力,是因为读者满怀激情地推荐它.这是人的基本冲动,什么都阻挡不了.不管愤世嫉俗者和遁世者持何种观点,我相信人们总是会尽力分享自己感触最深的经验.4 书是人类最为珍爱的几样东西之一.人越好,就越愿意与他人分享自己的珍藏.搁置在书架上、无人翻阅的书就像是废弃的弹药.书和钱一样要流通起来,要最大限度地流通起来！尤其是书,因为书所代表的东西比钱要多得多.书不仅是朋友,它还可以帮你结交朋友.当你在精神上、心灵上拥有一本书的时候,你的人生就变得丰富多彩.而当你把书转给别人的时候,你的人生就更加丰富.5 说到这里,我有一种抑制不住的冲动想给大家提出一条无端的忠告.那就是：读书尽量少而精,而不是越多越好！唉,不要怀疑我嫉妒那些在书堆里埋头读书的人.我私下里也确实想尽力读完所有一直想读的书.但是,我知道这并不重要,我现在知道我读过的书中只有不到十分之一是我需要读的.人生中最难办到的事情莫过于学会只做对自己有益的事情,这是至关重要的.6 我是经过慎重考虑才提出这条宝贵的忠告的,有一个高招可以检验它是否有效.当你碰到一本你想读或觉得该读的书的时候,先把书搁下,放几天再说.但你要多琢磨这本书,仔细琢磨书名和作者的名字.想想如果让你来写这本书,你会写些什么.认真地问问自己是否有必要把这本书纳入自己的知识库或娱乐储备.尽力想象一下,放弃这份额外的乐趣或启迪对你将意味着什么？之后,如果你觉得你必须读这本书,那么观察一下你在"啃〞这本书的时候是否表现出非凡的洞察力.同时你也观察一下：即使这本书很诱人,它也许并没有给你带来什么新的东西.只要坦诚对己,你就会发现：只要抑制住自己的冲动,你的境界就提高了.7 不容置疑的是,大多数书都互相重复,在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少.在整个文学库藏中,只有极少数作品——或许不到50本——是独具一格的.在最近出版的一部自传体小说中,布莱斯·桑德拉尔指出,雷·德·古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍,就是因为他知识渊博,并且了解书的这种重复性.桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人,没有人会怀疑这一点.他阅读了大部分作家的原作.不仅如此,一旦他喜欢上一个作家,他就会阅读这个作家写的每一本书,包括他的书信以与所有有关他的书籍.我猜想,在当今世界上,几乎没有人能像他一样,不仅读得广、读得精,而且还著述颇丰.可以说这一切都是在业余时间完成的.因为桑德拉尔是一个十足的行动家,一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家,一个懂得如何"肆意浪费〞时间的人.从某种意义上说,他是文学界的凯撒大帝.英译汉E-books have changed the way we read, in ways both good and bad. On the plus side, people are reading more books. Amazon’s Kindle e-reader and the Google Book Search service have now made a huge number of books available. According to data from Amazon, the convenience of access offered by the Kindle has resulted in users buying significantly more books than they did before owning the device. However, although people are reading more, they may be doing so with less focus. Amazon has released a version of the Kindle app for reading its e-books on an iPhone, which means it will be much easier for readers to be distracted from their e-books as they switch to surfing the Internet and checking email and social media updates. As people read with less attention, they will no longer find themselves immersed in their books — one of the great joys of reading.电子书改变了我们的阅读方式,这种改变既有好的一面也有坏的一面.从好的方面说,人们现在读书的量在增多.随着亚马逊Kindle 电子阅读器和谷歌图书搜索服务的出现,人们现在可以读到海量的图书.亚马逊的数据表明,Kindle 用户在拥有Kindle 电子阅读器之后购书量显著上升,因为用Kindle 购书更加便捷了.虽然人们的读书量在增多,但读书专注度却在下降.亚马逊发布了一款Kindle 应用程序供人们在苹果手机上阅读Kindle 电子书,这意味着读者看电。

Unit 1Section A. The Temptation of a Respectable Woman《读写教程IV》:Ex. II, p. 81．Her husband expected his friend, Gouvernail, to stay about one or two weeks in their home.2．He was a boring and withdrawn person with a strange personality.3．Sh e decided to leave for her aunt’s house and wouldn’t come back till Gouvernail left their home.4． A once ambitious person, Gouvernail now became one with the mere desire to enjoy a genuine life now and then.5．His tones of voice and personal charm.6．She was afraid that she could not resist being attracted by Gouvernail.7．He mistook his wife’s feeling towards Gouvernail for pure dislike.8．She had overcome both her misunderstanding of and her subtle feelings towards Gouvernail.《读写教程IV》: Ex. III, p. 81．Idle2．melting3．imposes4．penetrate5．presence6．nuisance7．nonsense8．keen《读写教程IV》: Ex. IV, p. 91．run down2．taken seriously3．drinking in4．in no sense5．made excellent observations on 6．counted on7．for my part8．make a fuss《读写教程IV》: Ex. V, p. 9 1．sanctions2．Restrictions3．fine4．limits5．problems6．tax7．duty8．responsibility《读写教程IV》: Ex. VI, p. 101. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrified《读写教程IV》: Ex. VII, p. 101. bravery2. jewellery3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discovery《读写教程IV》: Ex. VIII, p. 111. She said it might have been all right, if the weather had been good.2. Mrs. Baroda said she might have liked Gouvernail if he had been like the others.3. If I had been there, I could have helped you.4. He could have got tickets if there had been some cheap ones.5. Mrs. Baroda might have yielded to the temptation if she hadn’t been a respectable and sensible person.《读写教程IV》: Ex. IX, p. 111. “You were different then.” “So was she.”2. “You used to say he was a man of wit.”“So he is.”3. “You’ve made a mistake here.”“Oh, so I have. Thank you.”4. “Children should behave themselves.”“So should adults.”5. “This glass is cracked.”“Oh, so it is. I hadn’t noticed.”《读写教程IV》: Ex. X, p. 121. He imposed his company upon her in spite of her repeated hints of hoping to be left alone.2. His friends can never count upon how he is going to act under given conditions, as he is always full of surprises.3. Don’t make a fuss about such a small thing because that is the last thing I expected.4. Besides being an upright and respectable woman Mrs. Baroda was also a very sensible one.5. She had never known her thoughts to be so confused, unable to gather anything from them.6. From Gouvernail’s talk, Mrs. Baroda came to know that his periods of silence were not his basic nature, but the result of moods.7. To Gaston’s delight, his wife had finally overcome her dislike for Gouvernail and invited Gouvernail to visit them again wholly from herself.8. Mrs. Baroda felt confused with Gouvernail’s puzzling nature and found it hard to penetrate the silence in which he had unconsciously covered himself.《读写教程IV》: Ex. XI, p. 121. 在一起呆了几天，她仍感到对这个客人很陌生，只得大部分时间让丈夫陪着他。

unit-1-新标准大学(dàxué)英语-综合教程-4active-1and-language-in-useunit-1-新标准大学英语-综合(zōnghé)教程-4active-1and-language-in-useunit 1active 1 Your answerCorrect answer 1. proceed proceed 2. transition transition 3. detached detached 4. upcoming upcoming 5. slump slump 6. revertrevert7.recount recountYour answer Correct answer (1)transition transition (2)slumped slumped (3)proceed proceed (4)recounting recounting (5)detached detached (6)upcomingupcomingansweranswer(7)revertrevertI went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. Your replacement:Your answer Correct answercomprehensive comprehensive2.I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. Your replacement:Your answer Correct answercop cop3.Have you seen this beautiful view of Oxford from the air?Your replacement:Your answer Correct answeraerialaerial view of Oxford4.Isabel held her bag tightly as she walked down the corridor towards the office. Your replacement:Your answer Correct answeranswer answerclutched clutched5. You should speak to Toby; he's a supporterof flexible working hours.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answeradvocate an advocate6. I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago,and it still hasn't got better completely.Your replacement:Your answer Correct answerhealed healed1. A dead-end job is one with ________.(a)exciting prospects(b)no future2. A tricky problem is ________ to solve.(a difficultanswer answer)(b)easy3. If an activity saps all your energy, you feel________.(a)tired(b)more active than usual4. A pushy person tries to ________.(a ) persuade you to do something you don't want to(b ) help you by listening to what you have to sayanswer answer5. If you feel apathy, you want to ________.(a)change the world(b)stay at home and do nothing1 . Fork out is ________ way of saying to pay for something.(a)a formal(b)an informal2 . If you are in the same boat as another person, you are ________.(a making the same journey togetheranswer answer)(b ) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation3 . If you feel you have come full circle, you ________.(a)feel you are back where you started(b)feel a sense of satisfaction becauseyou have completed something4 . If someone takes a soft line, they deal with a person ________.(a)in a kind and sympathetic way(b in a lazy way without making aansweranswer) decision5. If you strike the right note about something, you are expressing yourself ________.(a )well(b )badly6. If you do something by all means , you ________.(a )try your best to do it(b )not care about it7If you nudge someone back into the saddle,answeranswer. you are encouraging them to ________.(a )take responsibility again(b )take it easy8. If you talk through a problem with someone, you ________.(a )examine it carefully and sensitively(b ) refer to it quickly and then change the subjectLanguage in use 1.a degree which is awarded afirst classYour answerSuggestedanswera first-class degree a first-class degree2.work in a hospitalYour answer Suggested answerhospital work hospital work3.a ticket for a plane journeyYour answer Suggested answera plane ticket a plane ticket4.a discount for studentsYour answer Suggested answera student discount a student discount5. a pass which allows you totravel on busesYour answer Suggested answera bus pass a bus pass6. a room where an interview isheldYour answer Suggested answeran interview room an interview room7.a period spent in trainingYour answer Suggested answera training period a training period1. a career which is rewardingfrom the financial point of viewYour answer Suggested answera financially rewarding career a financially rewarding career2. legislation which has beenintroduced recentlyYour answer Suggested answerrecently introduced legislation recently introduced legislation3. instructions which are morecomplex than usualYour answer Suggested answerunusually complex unusually complexinstructions instructions4.an institution which isorientated towards academicYour answerSuggested answeracademicallyorientatedworkanacademicallyorientatedinstitution5.work which makes physicaldemands on youYour answerSuggestedanswerphysically demanding workphysicallydemanding work6.information which has thepotential to be importantYour answer Suggested answerpotentially important information potentially important information7. candidates who have beenselected after a carefulprocedureYour answer Suggested answercarefully selected candidates carefully selected candidates8. a coursebook in whicheverything has been plannedbeautifullyYour answer Suggested answera beautifully a beautifullyplanned textbook planned coursebook1. I'm trying to fill this last page, but I just can't think ofanything.Suggested answer:Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can't think of anything.2. I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn't seem torespond.Suggested answer:Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn't seem to respond.3. I try hard to get tosleep, but I can't help thinking about myfamily.Suggested answer:Try as I might to get to sleep, I can't help thinking about my family.4. He just doesn't seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keepstrying.Suggested answer:Keep trying as he might, he just doesn't seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Keep trying as he might to get the promotion he deserves,he just doesn't seem toget it.5. I keep trying toremember her name, butmy mind is ablank.Suggested answer:Keep trying as I might toremember her name, mymind is a blank.1. Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Suggested answer:Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2. Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Suggested answer:Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3. Since we're all here, I think it would be a goodidea to get down to some work.Suggested answer:Given that we're all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4. Since it's rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Suggested answer:Given that it's rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.1. She's experienced at giving advice. I'm more experienced.Suggested answer:I'm more experienced at giving advice than is she.2. You eat too much chocolate. It isn't good foryou.Suggested answer:You eat too more chocolate than is good for you.3. She worked very hard. Most part-timers don't work so hard.Suggested answer:She worked harder than do most part-timers. 4. You have arrived late too many times. That isn't acceptable.Suggested answer:You have arrived late too more times than is acceptable.5. I don't think you should have given so muchpersonal information. It isn'twise.Suggested answer:I think you have given more personal information than is wise.内容总结（1）unit-1-新标准大学英语-综合教程-4active-1and-language-in-use。

Unit 1 Leisure activitiesPart 1 listening oneEver wish you could do magic tricks, or introduce yourself as “magician” at a party? Imagine, everybody wants to have fun, but nothings’ really happening, it’s time for you to show one of your new tricks. Here, you can learn how, and without any need for special materials or much practice.A trick with a coin, a handkerchief and a friend:Put the coin on your palm. Cover the coin with the handkerchief. Ask several people to put their hands beneath the handkerchief and feel the coin, to make sure that it is still there. Then take the corner of the handkerchief and pull it rapidly off your hand. The coin has gone! How? You must make sure the last friend who feels the coin knows the trick and removes the coin when he seems to be just feeling it. And nobody knows where it has gone!A trick with a piece of paper and a pencil:Tell your friend that you can communicate your thoughts without speaking to other people. Write on the piece of paper the word No. Don't let your friends see what you have written. Say, "Now I will communicate this word into your minds." Pretend to concentrate. Ask them if they know what is written on the paper. They will say, "No!" And you say, "Quite correct! I wrote No on the paper!"A trick with an egg and some salt:Ask your friends to stand the egg upright on the table. They won't manage to do it. Say that you can speak to the chicken inside. Say, "Chicken! Can you hear me? Get ready to balance your egg!"When you first get the egg back from your friends, pretend to kiss the egg at the base. Make the base wet. Then put the base into salt which is in your other hand. The salt will stick to the egg. Then put the egg on the table. Twist the egg around a few times as this will arrange the grains of salt. Then it will stand up. Don't forget to thank the chicken.Questions:1.What does the magician ask people to do in the first trick2.What happens to the coin?3.How does the magician prove that he can communicate his thoughts to theaudience in the second trick?4.What is the first step to make the egg stand upright?5.What else is needed to make the egg stand upright?Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. DPart 1 listening two(The following is an interview from a weekly sports program.)Presenter: Good morning, listeners. Welcome to our weekly sports program aimed at all those underactive youngsters with time on their hands! Listen to whatour two guests have to say about their hobbies and how their hobbies havemade a difference to their lives. Adrienne first, then, Jonathan. Adrienne: I collect very interesting jewelry. I tend to travel a lot as most of my family do, so whenever I have a holiday, I like to go traveling. Whenever I travelsomewhere, I like to pick up something to remind me of the place that Ivisited. And, the easiest thing to do is to pick up a small piece of jewelryinstead of getting a poster or a T-shirt that won’t last. I like the idea ofhaving something small and also, I find whenever I wear jewelry fromsomewhere, it’s a good conversation piece. Usually people ask you, “Wheredid you get this?” I then have a story to tell, and it’s a good way to meet andtalk to people. It’s just interesting. I have jewelry that I picked up when Itraveled to Thailand, when I traveled to Africa and when I traveled toEurope.Presenter: Wow! Sounds nice. You’ll have to show your collections to us. Adrienne: I’d love to.Presenter: Thank you, Adrienne. Now Jonathan.Jonathan: I prefer canoeing because you've always got the water there for support. If you're a good swimmer, have a good sense of balance and strong arms,you'll like canoeing! The main trouble is transporting your canoe to theright places—my father takes it on the roof of the car—or sometimes I put iton the roof of the club’s Land Rover. What it has taught me most is to beindependent. It's just you and the canoe against the wind, the weather andthe water. It gives you a lot of self-confidence and it can be really excitingas long as you don't mind getting soaked, of course! It makes you feel closeto nature somehow. Last year, when I was qualified, I began to run my owncanoeing center.Presenter: So you are making your hobby work for you.Jonathan: People are usually very skilled at their hobbies. The combination of interest and skills is a very compelling reason to choose a particular career. Presenter: Then, Adrienne, do you have a similar plan?Adrienne: Yes, I love making beaded jewelry. I’ve decided to get some formal training. I want to learn how to be a jewelry designer.Questions:1. Who is the target audience in the program?2. What is Adrienne’s hobby?3. What does Adrienne usually buy when she visits a place?4. How does Jonathan benefit from canoeing?5. What should be the major concern in choosing a career according to Jonathan? Keys: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B2. T T F F T T F FPart 1 listening threeGerry: I've just been to see Gone with the Wind. It was fantastic. Well worth seeing.Have you ever seen it?Judy : N o, but I've read the book. I don't think I would like to see the film really. It would spoil the story for me.Gerry: Really? Oh, give me a film any day. Honestly, if I had to choose between the film of a story and the book of it, I'd go for the film.Judy : Would you?Gerry: Yes. It's much more real. You can get the atmosphere better. You know, the photography and location shots, period costumes, the right accents. Don't youthink so?Judy : Not really. I much prefer to use my own imagination. I can imagine how I want it, rather than how someone makes me see it. Anyway, I think you get much more insight into the characters when you read a book. Part of a person's character is lost on film because you never know what they are thinking. Gerry: True, but I don't know. It's much easier going to the cinema. It takes less time.I can get the whole story in two hours but it might take me a week to read thebook.Judy : I know, but it's so expensive to go to the cinema nowadays.Gerry: I know, but it's a social event. It's fun. You can go with your friends. When you read a book you have to do it on your own.Judy : All right. Let's agree to differ. I'll get some coffee.Keys:1.1.spoil the story 1.2. and day1.3. Honestly choose the film1.4. Atmosphere photography location period1.5. insight into the characters 1.6. social event1.7. agree to differ2.Films: get the atmosphere better---photography/location shots/periodcostumes/right accenteasiertake less time: two hoursan social event: fun, go with friendsBooks: take more time: one weeknot a social event: do it on your ownbooks: use readers’ own imaginationget much more insight into the charactersfilms: spoil the storyexpensivePart 1 listening fourSally Marino gets married. After the wedding, there is a big party—a wedding reception. All the guests eat dinner. There is a band and, after dinner, everyone dances.Sally's mother and father pay for everything. At the end of the reception, Sally and her new husband cut the wedding cake and all the guests get a piece.Pete and Rose buy a new house. After moving in, they invite their friends and family to a party—a housewarming party. Everybody comes to see the new house. They look at the bedrooms, the dining room, even the garage. Pete and Rose serve drinks, sandwiches, and snacks. The party is on a Saturday afternoon.It is Christmas time. Ted and Sarah Robinson want to see many of their friends over the holiday. So they invite their friends to an open house. The hours of the party are from 2 p.m. to 8 p.m. The guests arrive and leave whenever they want. The Robinsons serve sandwiches, drinks, and snacks. Some guests stay for just 20 minutes, others stay for 3 hours. About fifty people come to the open house.Mr. and Mrs. Todd ask their neighbors to come to an evening party. They don't serve much food, just snacks—pretzels, chips, peanuts and many types of drinks. No one dances. Conversation is important with people asking questions like "What's new with you?".Keys:1.√2 √32.4.dinner band dances piece2.5. house drinks snacks2.6. Invite arrive fifty/502.7. snacks Conversation new with youPart 4 Listening 1Receptionist: Good morning. Can I help you?Cathy: Er...a friend told me that you have exercise and dance classes here. Receptionist: That's right.Cathy: OK. Can you give me some information about days and times, please? Receptionist: Yes, there are four classes a day, every day from Monday to Saturday with nothing on Sunday.Cathy: Yeah, can you tell me the open hours?Receptionist: The first one is an aerobics class from 8:30 to 9:30 in the morning. Then there's another aerobics class at lunchtime from 12:30 to 1:30.Cathy: Right.Receptionist: Then in the evening from 5:30 to 6:30—another aerobics class too. And there's a jazz dance class from 6:30 to 7:30.Cathy: Right. And what level are they for? I mean, would they be OK for a beginner?Receptionist: The morning aerobics—8:30 to 9:30—is advanced. All the others are at the beginner to intermediate level. But let me give you a schedule. Cathy: Thanks. And how much does it cost for a class?Receptionist: You pay a ￡1 entrance fee and then the classes are ￡2.50 each and ￡3.50 for the jazz dancing. It's there on the sheet.Cathy: Oh, yes, I see.Receptionist: If you become a member, entrance is free and...Cathy: Oh, no, it's OK. I'm only in London for two weeks.Receptionist: Oh, right. That's no good then.Cathy: And I guess you have showers and everything?Receptionist: Yes, sure, and in the evenings you can use the sauna free, too.Cathy: Oh, great. So the next class is at 5:30? Well, I'll see you then. Receptionist: Fine. See you later!Questions:1. Where does the dialog most likely take place?2. How many classes are there every day except Sunday?3. At what time does the last class end?4. How much is the entrance fee?5. Which class will Cathy most probably attend?6. What can we learn about Cathy from the conversation?Keys: 1. A 2.C 3.C 4. A 5. C 6. BListening 2Woman: W hy don't we go abroad for a change? I'd like to go to France, Spain, or even Italy.Man: Mm. I'm not all that keen on traveling really. I'd rather stay at home. Woman: O h, come on, Steve. Think of the sun!Man: Yes, but think of the cost! Going abroad is very expensive.Woman: O h, it isn't, Steve. Not these days.Man: Of course it is, Juliet. The best thing about having a holiday here in Britain is that it's cheaper. And another thing, traveling in Britain would be easier.No boats, planes or anything.Woman: Even so, we've been to most of the interesting places in Britain already.What's the point in seeing them again? Anyway, we can travel round Britainwhenever we like. There's no point in wasting our summer holiday here. Man: Mm, I suppose you're right. Nevertheless, what I can't stand is all the bother with foreign currency, changing money and all that when we go abroad. Ihate all that. And it's so confusing.Woman: O h, don't be silly, Steve.Man: And what's more, I can't speak any of the languages—you know that. It's all right for you. You can speak some foreign languages.Woman: Exactly. You see, what I'd really like to do is practice my French and Spanish. It would help me a lot at work.Man: Mm, but that's no use to me.Woman: B ut just think of the new places we'd see, the people we'd meet!Man: But look, if we stayed here, we wouldn't have to plan very much. Woman: I'm sorry, Steve. No. I don't fancy another cold English summer. Questions:1. Where does the man want to spend the summer holiday?2. According to Steve, what is considered important in planning vacation?3. What does Steve find confusing about traveling abroad?4. What will help Juliet in her work?5. What does Juliet think of summer in Britain?Keys:1. C2. B3. D4. C5. B2. 2. 1)keen on 2)The best thing about another thing 3)Nevertheless all thebother with confusing 4)fancyListening 3The game of football may have started in Roman times. It seems that the Romans played a game very much like our modern rugby but with a round ball.English villagers played football in the 16th century and they often had almost a hundred players on each side. It was a very common game, which was very rough and even dangerous until the early part of the 19th century. In the 18th century a Frenchman who had watched a rough game of football in a village wrote, "I could not believe that those men were playing a game. If this is what Englishmen call playing, I would not like to see them fighting!"From the mid-19th century, it was played in schools in England and soon spread all over Britain and Europe. Until in 1850, it was not possible to have football matches between one school and another, because each school had different rules! So set rules had to be made. They were not improved though until, in 1863, when those who preferred to play with hands as well as feet formed the Rugby Union while the others started the Football Association (F.A.). It was only in 1863 that the first set of rules for all football clubs was agreed upon.Nearly 150 years later, football has become by far the most popular sport in the entire world. Would that 18th century Frenchman have believed it possible? Questions:1. According to the passage, when may the game of football have first started?2. How many team members were often involved in the game when the English began to play the game?3. What did the speaker say about the earliest football game in England?4. Why was it NOT possible to have football matches between two schools until 1850?5. What happened to football in 1863?Keys:1. D2. D3. A4. C5. CListening 4In one town, there were three longtime friends, Pat, Mike and Bob. Pat and Bob were quite bright, but Mike was rather dull.One day as Pat and Mike were walking down the sidewalk together, Pat put hishand on a solid brick wall and said, "Mike, hit my hand as hard as you can." Mike struck a hard blow, but Pat pulled his hand away from the wall just before Mike's fist hit it. Of course, it hurt Mike's hand very much when he hit the wall, but Pat said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?" Mike agreed, but was not too happy.The following day Mike and Bob were walking in the town square. Mike decided to play the joke on Bob. He looked around, and seeing no solid object, he placed his hand over his face and said, "Bob, hit my hand as hard as you can." Bob agreed, and as he struck a hard blow with his fist, Mike quickly pulled his hand away and was knocked to the ground, unconscious. After a few minutes Mike recovered, and saw Bob worriedly looking down at him. Mike said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?"Questions:1.Who was NOT clever?2.What did Pat ask Mike to do?3.Who was hurt finally?4.On whom was Mike going to try this joke?5.Where did Mike put his hand when he asked Bob to hit him?6.What happened to Mike after Bob struck a hard blow with his fist?Keys:1.1A2. C3. A4.B5. C6. B2.√2 √5。

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程4_U n i t1课后答案(总4页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Part II Text A lexf OrganizationAppendix I - $9II. More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to allmywords.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile bodycould withstand the harsh weather.- 90 - Appendix IIII. Usage1)But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2)A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.3)It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work1)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if youfall asleep.4)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.5)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1. invasion3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign 9. reckon with 2. stand in the way4. catching... off his guard 6. declaration8. drag on10. bringing...to a haltAppendix I - 91 -2.1. allow2.reckoned3. highly4.forecasts5. rapidly6.instant7. delivery8.advantage9. observing10.powerfulII. Translation1.Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on thefarm.2.We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticatedweapons.3.Having been out of job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasinglydesperate.4.Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgement.5.Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. By a stroke of luck/Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marshland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.。

Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs'' Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11Napoleon's military campaign against RussiaPart Three Paras 12-20Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21ConclusionConclusion——The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war VocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 3) stroke 5) minus 7) declarations 2) at the cost of 4) limp 6) regions 8) siegeAppendix I - $9 9) raw10) bide his time 11) have taken their toll12) in the case of 2. 1) is faced with2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6) dine out 7) have cut back 8) get through 3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike.3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career. 4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard. 5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obsolete. 4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up  an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity Unity is is crucial crucial to to the efficient operation operation of an of an organization. organization. Failure Failure to to reckon reckon reckon with with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization. 3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the G ermans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks. II. More Synonyms in Context1) 1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) 2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off. Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off. 3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words. 4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.- 90 - App endi x IIII. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health. 2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks —and nobody knew anything about it. 3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work 1) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm —you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.4) In those days people believed in marrying young a nd having children early. and having children early. 5) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Structure1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by30 percent.2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed. 3) To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans. 4) We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christ-mas. 2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River. 3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United States at the age of four. 4) 4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion 3. Conquest5. launching7. campaign9. reckon with 2. stand in the way4. catching... off his guard6. declaration8. drag on10. bringing...to a haltApp endi x I - 91 -(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery8. advantage 9. observing10. Powerful II. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently e ngaged inengaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm. 2. We We must must must not not underestimate the the enemy. enemy. enemy. They They are equipped with the the most most most sophisticated sophisticated weapons. 3. Having Having been been been cut cut cut of of of a a a job/Not job/Not job/Not having having having had had had a a a job job job for for for 3months, 3months, 3months, Phil Phil Phil is is is getting getting getting increasingly increasingly desperate . 4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient , and accurate in his judgment. 5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs. The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi-sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III TextBComprehension Check 1. d 3. b.-2. d 4. a- 92 -App endi x ITranslation(#JE Appendix III)Language Practice1. boast2.obstacles3. was concerned4.call ...off5. paid off6.was pinned down7. are contesting8.prior to9. holdout10.objective11. responsible for12.in case13. favorable14.due to15. on the eve of16.cancel17. complications18.stiff19. withstand20.absentPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing: ____________ It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had no hesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy. _____ √ ____ Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:"... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well, we'll go." Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms ofAppendix I- 98 -disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154 w ords)。

新编英语教程4(李观仪)-练习册汉译英1-10单元 Unit 11.每当他午夜下班回家，他总是蹑手蹑脚地上楼，以免吵醒邻居。

Every time he returned home from work at midnight, he would tiptoe upstairs, trying not to disturb his neighbours.2.为了与新来的邻居建立一种和睦的关系，格林先生不失时机地主动帮她把行李搬进屋子。

To establish some kind of rapport with his new neighbour, Mr. Jones lost no chance in offering to carry her luggage into the house.3.米勒博士向我们推荐的文章集中论述了空气污染问题，同时也提到了诸如水污染，噪音污染和视觉污染等问题。

The article recommended by Dr. Miller centres on the problem of air pollution;meanwhile, it touches upon other issues such as water pollution, noise pollution and visual pollution.4.要不是她的朋友时常鼓励她、帮助她，她将一事无成。

If it had not been for the constant encouragement and help from her friends, she couldn’t have accomplished anything.5.几天前他还对这项计划嗤之以鼻，可是他现在却以高涨的热情去努力落实这项计划，这真是令人难以理解的转变。

It was only a few days ago that he was full of contempt for the new project, but he is now working hard with zest for its realization. What a baffling change!6.从她的自传可以断定，她对那名钢琴师始终怀有着一种复杂的感情。

新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案unit1Unit1Active reading (1)3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1.proceed2.transition3.detached4.upcoming5.slump6.revert7.recount4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.(1)transition(2)slumped(3)proceed(4)recounting(5)detached(6)upcoming(7)revert5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporte r of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.B A A AB7 Answer the questions about the phrases.B B A A A A A AActive reading (2)4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1.amusing2.fortunately3.loan4.deduct5.highlight6.sympathize7.demanding5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.(1) sympathize(2) fortunately(3) loan(4) demanding.(5) amusing(6) highlight(7) deducted6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.B B A A B B A A ALanguage in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)3 Rewrite the sentences using try as …might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to r espond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, h e just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get thepromotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work. Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.依我看，现实生活与人们想象的不一样。

1. Quite obviously, anyone who was determined to be guided by the rules of self improvement I collected would be happy and have a richer life, infinite affection from his family and the love and respect of the community.2. Show your love readily and willingly.3. Whole hearted and genuine praise is really valuable.4. Join your children and treat them as your equals.5. I heard screams down the hall one after another and I found Gretchen crying.6. The most unimportant light task may turn out to be worthwhile if it is dealt with eagerly and with interest.7. I started to have a conversation with Kit in a friendly way and tried my best to achieve close agreement and understanding between us.8. You never troubled yourself to chat with people in the past. Why do you want to start doing it now?Unit 21. The richer life experience we have, and the more people from all walks of life we know, we will develop more extensive and flexible knowledge of different English styles and the ability to use each style appropriately when the occasion arises.2. If we do not know when to use each style appropriately, or if we confuse one style with another inappropriately, an unsystematic and casual knowledge of styles is of no use, or even worse.3. Neither “bags of fun” nor “extremely gracious” in its suitable context is a careless expression of one's ideas.4. It would, however, also be absurd to turn the judgment completely the other way round.5. Except in cases where they are used to achieve humorous effect, contemporary writers think that euphemisms are too disgusting, artificial and pretentious.6. Supporting the argument made by using the outdated and stereotyped phrases that are often used by trade union leaders would be as easy as shooting birds that never fly away.7. Some euphemisms are unusual enough to be funny. They are so unusual that they become quite funny.8. Some people may also like extreme understatement.1 Every night for weeks, the priests gave sermons, and people sang songs in praise of God, worshipped God and shouted for joy. Some sinners who had never showed signs of shame or repentance were saved from sin and the number of the members of the church increased rapidly.2 The clergyman spoke on religious matters to the congregation. His speech was marvelously regular and melodious; it was a mixture of the low sounds of pain, grief and suffering, loud and happy as well as lonely cries, and horrible pictures of the world sinners go to when they die.3 The whole building shook with all the praying and singing.4 All the people attending church service prayed only for me; their praying became one strong and powerful sound of pain and suffering.5 The whole church became a sea of great joy.6 When everything became quiet again, during a respectful silence, which was broken only by several people saying “Amen”extremely joyfully and happily, all the children were given blessings by the minister in the name of God.Unit 41 I argue plainly that making marks in a book is not something done to spoil it but to show its worth and value.2 Getting the book by payment is merely a preparatory step on the way to ownership.3 Only when you have fully absorbed it can you say that you own the book completely.4 The third kind of book owners possess only a few or many books, but every one of them is worn, with the corners of the leaves folded over, and has become less tightly bound because of constant use. There are marks and informally written notes in each book from cover to cover.5 I would never mark pages of a first edition copy of Paradise Lost, just as I would not give my baby a set of coloured pencils and a painting by Rembrandt in the original.6 If the elaborate cover, style of printing or layout prevent you from marking up a book, then you'd better buy a cheap edition in which you can show your respect to the writer.7 If you write notes in the book yourself, the words and sentences will stand out more distinctly in your mind and last longer in your memory.8 Don't believe that a reader is only expected to take in passively what is in the book.9 Comprehension is a process involving both reception and production. If you remain a container ready only to receive, you cannot expect to learn very much.1 Where high quality is not just something someone does on certain occasions, but rather something that one does regularly and that one finds it difficult to stop doing.2 ... nowadays by using a computer equipped with a modem and pointing and clicking with a mouse, you can get information from any place in this world, and neither time, nor space, nor high long distance phone tariffs will make it difficult for you to do so.3 Who knew at that time that this humble software consultant would create the World Wide Web which would change our civilization, bring about millionaires, and a rich source of information.4 Surprisingly enough, such a fact did not take place in an industrial city or town but in the Swiss Alps, which seemed to be remote from industry.5 ... that could keep myself informed about all the chance connections that one may meet with in real life, and which one's brains ought to be good enough to remember, but sometimes I would just not remember.6 On the Internet one should be able to begin from one's own software file and move on to get a list of names of people one wishes to contact, and to get access to a phone book, and to get a chart showing an organization, and to obtain whatever information one wishes to get.7 In 1991 the World Wide Web made its first appearance to the world, and thereafter what used to be chaotic on the computer screen began to be orderly and clear.8 He changed a most effective communications system which used to be only at the disposal of the select educated class into a means of communication for large numbers of common people.Unit 61 People usually think that predators do not have to make an effort to kill the prey animals, since the prey have no means of protecting themselves.2 What I have gone through proves quite the opposite, the tiger has to make a real effort to eat. I would say that in order to catch one wild animal, the tiger has to try to make twenty to thirty attempts.3 So long as these systems are functioning properly, an animal will not be caught by a wolf.4 Parasites have the opposite characteristics.5 Naturalists have observed that fleas have smaller fleas living on and feeding off them, and these have even smaller fleas on them. This phenomenon continues almost indefinitely.6 Instead of bringing the insects under control, the birds have spread all over thecountry. Their numbers are so great that they leave little space for blue birds and other birds which have always lived in the area and try to get from them the food and nesting places.7 Remoras, a type of fish, join themselves onto sharks, go where the sharks go and eat bits of shark's food.8 The organisms that a lichen is composed of could not live long separately.Unit 71 The ground looked black because it was covered with numerous black ants. These vigorous, strong and powerful ants, without paying any attention to the boy, were moving quickly towards the wounded buck which was struggling helplessly. The ants looked like brightly shining black water running through the grass.2 Just as he took a breath, feeling pity for the buck and somehow afraid, the buck was no longer on its feet and became silent.3 He looked closely at the twisting body of the buck covered with black ants; its only movement now was short, quick twitches.4 The thought well expressed his growing feeling of anger and unhappiness, and objection to what was happening.5 Near him the ants were gradually going home in small groups with bits of pink meat in their mouths and there was in the air a sharp fresh smell, that of blood and fresh raw flesh.6 People might think the buck had been lying there for years, if there had not been scraps of pink meat on the white bone.7 The buck, walking around happily and proudly with its beautiful white tail swishing from side to side, had breathed in and smelt the cold morning air.Unit 81 We learn from the astronauts that if we look “down”from space, we will find the most conspicuous of Earth to be the thick layer of ice which is Antarctica, which sends light over the southernmost part of the southern hemisphere.2 One hundred and sixty years ago, however, nobody had ever seen this enormous continent, and had certainly not walked on it. Even today whether we can occupy it or not is still uncertain. Further, we know relatively little about it.3 The differences between the Arctic and the Antarctic are greater than the similarities. The Arctic is tightly surrounded by the continents of Europe, America and Asia where there are permanent populations; whereas the Antarctic is unconnected toanywhere else, separated from the nearest land by vast areas of the world's roughest seas.4 Under such conditions, a person could only stand for a few seconds, and that was by leaning forward to form an angle of 45°with the ground.5 It is not surprising that although man did not hesitate to explore and take possession of most of the earth in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the continent in the far south was left untouched.Unit 91 The mothers had already learned the news before their sons could stammer it out.2 The news spread from one brush house to another and continued to travel fast into the town.3 When the doctor realized that Kino was the man who had asked for his help, he became both serious and clever.4 For a moment the doctor's eyes were focussed on nothing as his thoughts turned to Paris.5 The news caused a profound “negative force”to be at work in the town. This could be compared to a scorpion, which causes pain, or the hunger created by the smell of food, or feeling of loneliness which comes when love is refused.6 What acted as the “venom producing bag”of the town, i.e., the increasing self interest in the townspeople, began to create poison which afflicted the whole town with a negative force.Unit 101 He gives us not what is happening outside himself but the deepest, most essential expression of himself as a person and member of the human race.2 If a composer wants to be in any way a great artist, he must have his own individuality. This may be very important or not important at all but as far as significant music is concerned, it will reflect that individuality.3 His personality may include many human weaknesses, as did Lully's and Wagner's, but excellence in his music will still stem from those aspects of his personality which are excellent.4 A composer's style is formed from the interrelationship between his personality and his own period.5 There is no need to argue about the part that an interpreter plays.6 Most contemporary first class musicians have instruments which are very satisfactory for them to meet any challenge in a composition.7 The musical notation cannot be the exact transcription of a composer's thought both because it is ambiguous and because it provides freedom for personal taste and choice.8 The joint efforts of composer and interpreter have significance only when they are appreciated by listeners who understand music. That indicates that the hearer is under an obligation to fully understand music.9It is unquestionable that he tried to suggest by that piece of wit that only when a hearer throws himself into music will be significant to music and its composers.。