新编大学实用英语教程第4册Unit 6 Vocabulary

新编大学英语教案〔4〕Unit 6 RisksAims of TeachingMaster the words describing some risky activitiesImprove the students’ abilities of reading comprehension and writingKey PointsIntroducing the methods of locating the key sentence of each paragraph to sum up the whole textUsing multi-media teaching equipmentGroup-DiscussionLiving performanceUnit 6 RisksPart one preparation1> T and Ss list different jobs, and then Ss discuss the corresponding risks Jobs: nurse, psychiatrist, businessman, policeman, coal miner, lawyer, stockbroker, presidents, secretary, beggar, teacher, fighter pilot, accountant, footballplayer, interpreter, fireman, singer, civil servant, ambassador…Categorize them into three types: physical ones, financial ones, emotional ones 2> Which activity is riskier?Rock climbing, working on a farm, driving a car, skiing, being a 65-year-old man, flying in an airplane, driving a motorcycle, and skydiving3> Issue discussion: Do you think CET-4 causes risks in the students? If there issome, what are they? <certificate, degree, emotional influence>In-Class Reading: Risks and You1. Words and expressions1. or other: <usu. used with somebody/something/somewhere, someday, somehow, etc.>expressing uncertainty or vagueness about a person, thing or place.a. The box is somewhere or other in the kitchen.箱子在厨房的某个地方。

全新版大学英语综合教程4Unit6词汇U6on the go繁忙；活动多peripherally ad.边缘地cope vi.（成功地）对付forecast vt.预报set about开始着手self-imposed a.自己强加的，自愿承担的untangle vt.理顺perception n.看法，感觉ever-increasing a.不断增长的sociology n.社会学(large)quantities/大量unevenly ad.不均衡地，不平整地a large quantities of singles n.未婚的人们waste away挥霍掉empty-nester n.空巢者enslave使成为奴隶pre-school a.学前的bewilder vt.使困惑nurture vt.养育bewildering a.令人困惑的offspring n.孩子millennium n.一千年gender n.性别eat into侵蚀appliance n.用具motorcar（BrE)汽车appalling a.骇人听闻的mobility n.流动性distribution n.分布existence n.存在famine n.饥荒time-consuming a.耗费时间的provoke vt.引起transatlantic a.横越大西洋的reaction n.反应expedition n.远征byte n.字节convention n.大会，惯例gratification n.满意，满足toil vi.辛苦劳动streamline vt.使效率更高multiply v.增加，乘concierge n.家政groom vt.梳洗childcare n.照料小孩laptop n.笔记本电脑decorate v.装饰syndrome n.综合症retailer n.零售商burden n.负担retirement n.退休fax n.传真futile a.无效的voicemail n.语音邮件divert vt.使转向glitch n.小故障shortage n.缺少point the way to sth.指明方向surfeit n.过量time-pressed a.时间不足的cram vt.硬塞入explosion n.剧增，爆炸remedy n.补救办法philosopher n.哲学家evade vt.逃避fraction n.小部分confine n.（pl)边界pour in大量涌入by nature天生的CD-ROM abbr.只读光盘存储器switch off(用开关）关掉proliferate v.（数量）激增doom注定…scholarship n.学术研究be doomed to注定要…journal n.期刊publication n.出版（物）honorary a.荣誉的curator n.馆长entomology n.昆虫学comparative a.相比的zoology n.动物学keep sb. up with sth.使…跟上形势minute a.极小的frontier n.前沿prosperity n.繁荣oblige v.效劳be/feel oblige to do sth.觉得应该做某事discontent n.不满足，不满意shorthand n.简略表达。

Unit 6T ext A Old Father Time Becomes a T errorIn many ways, the style of this piece is typical of a certain variety of journalism. It is clearly not a new story, but nonetheless belongs within the pages of a newspaper. Such writing finds its home in the editorial or comment section where journalists and others contribute regular or occasional columns reflecting on topical issues.Unlike news stories where reporters are expected to confine themselves to the facts; such columns are intended to give free range to the expression of personal opinion. At the same time, particularly in the more serious papers (and the paper from which this comes, the Financial Times, certainly belongs to this category) the writer is expected display this familiarity with the problem under discussion.This is frequently achieved by employing concession. Thus, here the writer, having outlined the problem of the pressure of time, goes on to concede that not everybody is affected to the same extent. He then details the differences that exist before returning to his more general point and concluding with his solution, another characteristic ingredient of such editorial articles.His general conclusion is hardly new, having been advice offered by philosophers for as back as one cares to go, but gains novelty set against the context to recent technological developments.Although not a news story, the article nevertheless shares with newspaper reporting in general a taste for seeking support from the use of direct quotations from a number of different people. These quotations are provided together with the name of the person and background information on them.These details add human interest and support the argument by reference to the utterances of someone who appear to be in a position to know. As the quotations record spoken rather than written English, the tone of language is often colloquial. The frequent peppering of an article with this type of direct quotation stands in contrast to what is usual in a more purely academic essay.TIntroduction of the Author:•Richard TomkinsTheconsumer industries editor of the Financial Times, where he has been a member of the editorial staff since 1983. He is currently based at the company’s London headquarters, whe re he leads a team of journalists covering the consumer goods sector and writes about consumer trends, Tomkins was born in Walsall, England, in 1952. His formal education ended at the age of seventeen.Before becoming a journalist, he was a casual laborer, a factory worker, a truck driver, a restaurant cashier, a civil servant, and an assistant private secretary to a government minister. He left government service in1978 to hitchhike around the world, and on returning to the U.K. in 1978,joined a local newspaper as a trainee reporter.He joined the Financial Times as a sub-editor(副编辑, 副主编) four years later. In this selection, he discusses the time squeeze that many people are experiencing and offers a way of combating the problem.Part IIPre-questionsPPre-questions1. How does the singer treat his diary? Why? (He treats it as a friend, to whom he can pour out hisinmost feelings.)2. Can we infer what attitude the singer takes towards the pace of life today? (It’s unwise forpeople to be always in a rush, so much so that they don’t have time either for each other or for themselves.)3. Do you keep a diary? What sort of things do you write about?4. What does the singer think about how other people spend their time?Part IIIComprehension Questions1, What did we use to expect from technology?2、In what ways have inventions such as the motorcar and the aircraft affected our life? And whatabout the advent of washing machine?3、What new burdens has technology produced apart from cramming work into our leisure time?4、How fast is information generated today as compared to a couple of centuries ago?5、What is Edward Wilson’s purpose in subscribing to sixty-old journals and magazine?6、What gives rise to our discontent with super abundance?7、Is everyone time-starved today? What percentage of the population is suffering under thestresses and strains of life today?8、What is stress envy, as conceived by Paul Edwards?9、How much free time has the average American gained since the mid-1960s?How are the gainsdistributed between the sexes?10、What is mean t by the “the growth of the work-life debate”?11、What does Godbey mean by saying “It’s the kid in the candy store”?12、For time stress, what remedy does the author offer?Part IV Language Points1. on the go / upon the go:(infml) active or busy [口]在进行活动, 忙碌; 刚要动身; 有醉意Examples:I’ve been on the go all week, preparing my thesis.I was on the go all day and went home at about 10’oclock in the evening.Part IV2. set about：begin（a task）；start（doing sth.）（used in the pattern：set about sth./doing sth.; no passive）开始, 着手; 散布(谣言) ; [口]攻击; [俚]接连殴打, 乱打Example:The school authorities must set about finding solutions to the campus security problems.My mom and I set about clearing up / clearing the table after the guests left. 动手收拾(餐桌)--set about one's work开始工作Part IVPart I*3. eat into:gradually reduce the amount of (sth. valuable); damage or destroy腐蚀; 侵蚀; 消耗; 用掉一部分(eat in在家里吃饭, eat out)Examples:All these car expenses are eating into our savings.Responsibilities at home and work eat into his time.Our holiday travel has eaten into the money we saved.我们的假日旅游耗费了我们积蓄起来的钱。

第六单元单词1. a handful of 少数，少量；一把e.g. Only a handful of graduates have not found jobs so far.2. a variety of 各种的；各种各样的e.g. People change their minds for a variety of reasons.3. abundance n. quantity that is more than enough; plenty 丰富；丰裕e.g. The visitor to Oxford has an abundance of sights to see.4. aircraft n. （单复同）飞机；航空器e.g. The goal of air traffic control is to minimize the risk of aircraft collisions.5. amount to be equal to; add up to 相当于；总计e.g. In 1959 the combined value of U.S. imports and exports amounted to less than 9 percent of the country's gross domestic product.6. appalling a. causing fear; shocking; terrible 骇人听闻的；令人震惊的e.g. When will this appalling war end?7. appliance n. instrument or device for a specific purpose 用具；器具e.g. The Energy Department has set efficiency standards for new home appliances.8. arise vi. (arose, arisen) appear; become evident 出现；呈现e.g. Challenging ethical issues have arisen in science and medicine.9. be doomed to 命定；注定e.g. He thought that he was doomed to spend the rest of his life in a wheelchair.10. bewildering a. puzzling 令人困惑的；费解的bewilder vt. puzzle; confuse 使困惑；使糊涂e.g. I don't know how to solve this bewildering question.11. burden n. heavy load 负担，重负e.g. Some farmers are complaining about the heavy burden of taxation.12. byte n. (of computer) fixed number of binary digits, often representing a single character 字节；位组13. candy n. sweets or chocolate 糖果；巧克力14. CD-ROM abbr. compactdisc read-only memory 光盘只读存储器15. cell-phone n. 手机16. childcare n. 儿童保育；儿童照管17. comparative a. involving comparison or comparing 比较的；相比的e.g. Some sociologists have carried out large-scale historical-comparative studies.18. concierge n. doorkeeper 看门人，看守人19. confine n. (usu. pl) boundaries; limits; borders 范围；界限；边界e.g. This is outside the confines of human knowledge.20. confusion n. bewilderment or embarrassment 惶惑；迷乱e.g. I explained the question to him three times, but there was still a look of confusion on his face.21. convention n. conference of members of a profession, political party; generally accepted social behavior 大会；惯例，常规e.g. She was a speaker at the Railway Workers' Convention in 1956.22. cope vi. deal successfully (with sb. / sth. difficult) （成功地）对付；妥善处理e.g. Health psychologists study how people cope with stress.23. cram vt. push or force into a small place 将……塞入，硬塞进e.g. It's dangerous for too many people to be crammed into a bus.24. curator n. person in charge of a museum, an art gallery, etc. （博物馆、美术馆等的）馆长25. discontent n. lack of satisfaction 不满足；不满意e.g. The strikers were a sign of discontent with poor pay.26. distribution n. 分布；分配e.g. The study of animal distribution is called zoogeography.27. divert vt. turn (sb./sth.) aside from a course, direction, etc. into another 使转向；转移e.g. Some dams divert the flow of river water into a pipeline, canal, or channel.28. domestic a. of the home, household or family; of or inside a particular country 家庭的；家务的；国内的e.g. Police and hospital records indicate that the majority of victims of domestic violence are women.29. eat into gradually reduce the amount of (sth. valuable); damage or destroy 吞噬；侵蚀；毁坏e.g. All these car expenses are eating into our savings.30. economy n. 经济；经济制度；节约e.g. His views on knowledge economy have been accepted with unanimity.31. empty-nester n. 厮守“空巢”者（尤指子女不在身边的人）32. enslave vt. make a slave of (sb.) 使成为奴隶，奴役e.g. Her beauty enslaved many young men.33. entomology n. scientific study of insects 昆虫学34. evade vt. avoid (sth. unpleasant or unwanted); manage not to do (sth. which should be done) 躲开，避开；逃避e.g. The released criminal always tries to evade the police.35. expedition n. organized journey or voyage witha particular aim 远行；探险；远征e.g. Scott died while he was on an expedition to the Antarctic in 1912.36. famine n. (instance of) extreme scarcity of food in a region 饥荒e.g. China has succeeded in feeding its people; national attention to equity, agriculture, and birth control has significantly reduced the threat of famine.37. fax n. 传真件；传真系统38. forecast (forecast or forecasted) vt. tell in advance; predict 预报；预测e.g. The means of forecasting natural disasters, such as floods, and hurricanes, have improved immensely as science and technology have advanced.39. forum n. an assembly, place, radio program etc. for the discussion of public matters or current questions 论坛；讨论会；（广播、电视的）专题讨论节目e.g. The school authorities will provide a forum where problems can be discussed.40. fraction n. a small part, bit, amount or proportion (of sth.) 小部分，一点儿，少许e.g. Only a small fraction of the population lived in that remote area.41. frontier n. (usu. pl)（某学科的）知识边缘，（探索活动的）新领域；边境e.g. To open up the space frontier, NASA will try to lower the cost of access to Earth orbit.42. futile a. producing no result; useless; pointless 无效的；无用的；无意义的e.g. I was futile to continue the negotiations.43. gender n. 性别44. glitch n. 小故障，失灵45. gratification a. state of being pleased or satisfied 满意；满足e.g. Your approval gives me much gratification.46. groom vt. take care of the appearance of (oneself) by dressing neatly 梳妆e.g. He groomed himself carefully in front of the mirror.47. growth n. (process of) growing; development 生长；发展e.g. The area has seen a rapid population growth.48. honorary a. (of a degree, rank, etc.) given as an honor（指学位、级别等）荣誉的e.g. He's the honorary chairman of the committee.49. idleness n. the state of being idle 闲散；无所事事e.g. Idleness is the parent of all vice.50. in reality in actual fact; really 事实上；实际上e.g. Some famous private schools are theoretically open to the public, but in reality are attended by those who can afford the fees.51. journal n. newspaper or periodical, esp. one that is serious and deals with a specialized subject 日报；(学术) 期刊e.g. the Journal of Medical Science52. laptop n. 便携式电脑53. millennium n. (pl millennia or millenniums) period of a thousand years 一千年54. minute a. very small in size or amount 极小的；极少的e.g. Only a minute amount of money is needed.55. motorcar n. 汽车56. multiply v. increase in number or quantity; add a number to itself a particular number of times 增加；乘e.g. The weeds just multiplied, and before long the garden was a jungle.57. nurturevt. care for and educate (a child); encourage the growth of (sth.); nourish 养育；培育；滋养e.g. Parents want to know the best way to nurture and raise their children to adulthood.58. oblige v. do sth. for (sb.) as a favor or small service（为……）效劳；帮（……的）忙e.g. If you ever need help with the baby-sitting, I'd be happy to oblige.59. offspring n.（单复同）child or children of a particular person or couple 孩子，子女e.g. Heredity is the process of transmitting biological traits from parents to offspring through genes.60. on the go (infml) very active or busy 繁忙；活动多e.g. I've been on the go all week, preparing my thesis.61. on-line a. connected to and controlled by a computer 联机的，在线的62. perception n. way of seeing or understanding sth.; ability to notice and understand things 看法，观念；感知，感觉e.g. Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy concerned with the essence of perception of beauty and ugliness.63. peripherally ad. 外围地；边缘地；次要地peripheral a.64. pour in 大量涌入e.g. Many football fans poured into the stadium to have a look at their favorite football players.65. pre-school a. 学龄前的；学前的e.g. pre-school children66. proliferate v. increase rapidly in numbers; produce new growth or offspring rapidly （数量）激增；（迅速地）增殖e.g. In recent years commercial, cultural, travel and other contacts have proliferated between Europe and China.67. prosperity n. state of being economically successful; state of being successful or rich （经济的）繁荣；成功，富足e.g. War brings no prosperity to the great mass of ordinary citizens.68. provoke vt. cause (sth.) to occur or arouse (a feeling, etc.) 使产生；引起（某种感情等）e.g. People's concern over genetically modified food has provoked a global debate that shows no sign of ending soon.69. publication n. 出版（物）；发表，公布e.g. The collection of the theses is ready for publication.70. quantities/a large quantity of large amounts/a large amount of 许多的，大量的e.g. The key to staying healthy and strong when backpacking is to eat large quantities of energy-rich foods71. reasonably ad. in a reasonable way; moderately 合理地；适度地reasonable a.72. retailer n. tradesman who sells by retail 零售73. self-imposed a. decided by oneself, without being influenced or ordered by other people 自己强加的，自愿承担的74. set about begin (a task); start (doing sth.) 开始；着手e.g. The school authorities must set about finding solutions to the campus security problems.75. shortage n. lack of sth. needed; deficiency 缺少；不足；短缺e.g. The world is facing the prospect of water shortages caused by population growth, uneven supplies of water, pollution, and other factors.76. shorthand n. 简略的表达方式；速记（法）77. singles n. unmarried people 未婚的人们78. sociology n. 社会学79. software n. 软件e.g. He is applying for a position of software engineer.80. spring up appear, develop, grow, etc. quickly or suddenly 迅速发展（或生长）；突然出现e.g. New professional training schools sprang up all over the country.81. streamline vt. make (sth.) more efficient and effective 使合理化，使效率更高；使成流线型e.g. Corporate mergers can result in job losses because management combines and streamlines departments within the newly merged companies. 82. stress n. pressure or worry resulting from mental or physical distress, difficult circumstances, etc. 压力，重压vt. put stress, pressure, or strain on 加压力于；使紧张e.g. There is enough evidence to suggest that job stress may increase a man's risk of dying from heart disease.83. surfeit n. too large an amount 过量，过度e.g. A surfeit of food makes one sick.84. switch off disconnect (electricity, etc.) 关，切断（电源等）e.g. Be sure to switch off the lights when you leave home.85. syndrome n. set of symptoms which together indicate a particular disease or abnormal condition 综合病症；综合症状86. time-consuming a. taking or needing much time 耗费时间的e.g. Starting a new business, however small, is a time-consuming exercise.87. toil vi. work hard and untiringly; move with difficulty or pain 辛苦地劳作；艰难地行动e.g. We toiled away all afternoon to get the house ready for our guests.88. transatlantic a. crossing the Atlantic; on or from the other side of the Atlantic 横越大西洋的；在（或来自）大西洋彼岸的89. unemployeda. temporarily without a paid job 未被雇用的；失业的e.g. He was unemployed for two months after leaving college.90. unevenlyad. 不均衡地；不平坦地；不平整地uneven a.91. untanglevt. free (sth.) from knots, complexities, etc. 解开……的纠结，理顺e.g. She untangled her hair from the hair-drier.92. voicemailn. an electronic communication system in which spoken messages are recorded and stored for later playback for the intended recipient 语音邮件93. volunteer n. person who offers to do sth. without being compelled or paid 自愿者；志愿兵e.g. Some students served as volunteers to help the old and disabled in the community in their spare time.94. widespread a. found or distributed over a large area 遍布的；大面积的e.g. The landscape of the American West was dramatically altered during the 20th century as a result of the widespread construction of dams along major rivers.95. zoology n. scientific study of the structure, form and distribution of animals 动物学。

Unit 6[4] All of this is another way of saying that nothing we do is completely safe.There are risks, often potentially serious ones, associated with every hobby we have, every job we take, every food we eat—in other words, with every action.But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not, or should not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. Some actions are riskier than others.The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly[N].4 上面说的这一切，只是从另一角度说明我们所做的事没有一件是百分之百安全的。

有些风险——常常是潜在的重大风险——与我们的每个业余爱好、所做的每项工作、所吃的每种食物有关，换句话说，与所进行的任何活动有关。

但我们又不能，也不该因危险存在于我们将要做的每件事，而变成战战兢兢的神经症患者。

有些活动是比其它活动更危险。

关键在于要让自己了解相应的风险，然后相机行事。

8] Once we understand that risk can never be totally eliminated from any situation and that, therefore, nothing is completely safe, we will then see that the issue is not one of avoiding risks altogether but rather one of managing risks in a sensible way[N].Risk management requires two things: common sense and information about the character and degree of the risks we may be running.8 我们一旦明白了风险是永远无法从任何情况中完全去除的，因而就没有绝对安全的事，我们也就会明白问题的关键不是要彻底避免风险，而是要理智地管理风险。

全新版⼤学英语第四册课后习题答案第6单元Unit 6 Text ALanguage Sense Enhancement1.1) understanding2) Within the confines3)reasonably4) by nature5) limitless possibilities6) our aim7) fewer desires8) play by themselves9) vet boundaries10) orLanguage FocusVocabularyI.1.1) appliances2) comparative3) multiply4) distribution5) prosperity6) decorate7) famine8) large quantities of / a large quantity of9) streamline10) fax11) pointed the way to12) bewildered2.1) eat into2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out4) wears away5) set about6) switch off7) will be turned loose8) poured in3.1) is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.2) to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by theheart and flames.3) was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.4) can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at $900 and resses at$2,000.5) has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep herbody in shape.4. 1) reaction to, discontent, provoked2) Convention, evading tax, the confines of3) a burden, are always on the go/ seem forever on the go, to copeII. Confusable words1.1)nervousness2)tension3)stress, stress4)tension2.1)honorary2)Honorable3)honorable4)honorary5)honorable6)HonoraryIII. Usage1)Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spendlarge sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation win which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?2)This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quicklyscreened –at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.3)With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, youwould say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.4)Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a clickaway, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Comprehensive ExercisesI.1.1) switch off2) obliged3) on the go4) cope5) shortage6) large quantity of7) pouring in8) by nature9) fraction10) futile2.1) advantage2) wisely3) faithfully4) waking5) includes6) schedule7) sticking8) priorities9) set10) respectII.1.1) They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies forincurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.2) Here unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cramknowledge into my head.3) The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.4) The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.5) In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds ofdistractions are eating into our precious time.2.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possessmore. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well /good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.。

In-class reading passageKey words and Phrasespose indefinitely partial accidentally otherwise accordingly assessrun the risk of play the part of may/might (just) as well reduce... to Significant sentences1. At some time or other, all of us have played the part of a hypochondriac, imagining that we have some terrible disease on the strength of very minor symptoms.在说不定的某个时候，我们大家都曾充当过疑病症患者的角色，只凭一些轻微的症状便怀疑自己得了某种可怕的病。

2. But fear of disease is not our only fear, and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run.然而，对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一的恐惧。

同样，患病的危险也并非我们唯一会遇上的危险。

3. And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves: …从而产生了好些问题，我们不得不问自己，······。

4. It is much more difficult when anxiety about other forms of risk is concerned, because with many risks, the situation is not as simple.但当涉及到其它形式的风险时，事情就要困难得多，因为对许多风险来说，情况并不那么简单。

Unit 61. on the go: very active or busy繁忙，活动多---I’ve been on the go, preparing my thesis.我一直忙着准备我的论文。

---I was on the go all day and went home at about 10 o’clock in the evening.我忙了一整天，晚上10点左右才回家。

•Millennium (line 6)一千年•Horse-drawn carriage (line 9)马车•Transatlantic (line 13)横越大西洋的,在大西洋彼岸的•Groom (line 21)梳妆•lap-top-on-the-beach syndrome (line 23)带着便携式电脑去海滩综合症•Glitch (line 25)小故障,失灵•Time-pressed (line 28)有时间压力的Part one (1-11)•Accumulated (line 29)积聚的•Proliferate (line 35)(数量)激增;增殖•Curator (line 38)(博物馆、美术馆等的)馆长•Entomology (line 38)昆虫学Bewilder: puzzle; confuse•The twists and turns in the cave soon bewildered us.•Bewildering a. puzzling• A bewildering range of skin care products•Bewildered a. totally confused• A bewildered expressionEat into: to gradually reduce the amount of time, money etc that is available All these car expenses are eating into our savings.Eat up 吃完;用光Eat out 下馆子•Eat sth away侵蚀•The wooden parts had been eaten away by damp.•Eat away at•Rust had eaten away at the metal frame.•The thought of mother alone like that was eating away at her.Toil: v (always + adv/prep) 1 toil away (+at/over)长时间地苦干;I’ve been toiling away at this essay all weekend.2 (+ up/through/against) to move slowly and with great effortThey toiled slowly up the hill.•---toil at a task辛勤工作•---toil and moil做苦工•---toilworn疲惫不堪的7. multiply:1) increase in number or quantity 增加Winning the contest multiplied myconfidence a hundredfold.2) add a number to itself a particular number oftimes 乘Four multiplied by five is twenty.3) produce offspring 繁殖Rabbits multiply quickly.multiplication (n.)Don't think you can learn grammatical rules like you learn multiplication tables.不能像记乘法表那样记语法规则.•Structure•Technology apart, the Internet points the way to a second reason why we feel so time-pressed : the information explosion. (para. 7)•Inequalities apart, the perception of the time famine is widespread. (para. 19)•“… apart”, 除…之外•Similar to “apart from”, “besides”,•“in addition to ”• 1. 撇开丰厚的报酬不谈，这份工作本身就很有趣味，让人有成就感。

新编⼤学基础英语综合教程4教案unit6Lesson 1 DedicationLearning Objectives:1. Describing people and identifying common factors.2. Defining words and discussing the connotations.3. Reading a text about a man with an obsession.4. Discussing body transformations.Speaking1. Work in pairs. Look at the photos and discuss these questions.1) What does each picture show2) How would you describe the people in the pictures3) What do you think they might have in common4) Do you think you are like any of these people If so, in what wayVocabulary : Talking about people1. Look at these definitions. Can you guess the words In what way are the words different Do they have positive or negative connotations2. Can you think of any other similar examplestraditional — old-fashioned — conventional3. Look at the following words, which are all synonyms of determined. Do the words have positive or negative connotations Divide them into two groups, using a dictionary to help you.4. Work in small groups and compare your one of the words to describe someone youknow.My 11-year-old daughter is really obstinate — nothing I say can persuade her to read a book, she just watches rubbish on TV all the time.5. Read the short profiles below and decide which word in Exercise 3 best describes the person. More than one word may be appropriate.1) A politician who always gives her full support to her party leader, even when she does not agree with all the party’s policies unwaveringThe three words mean unmarried.Single is used to describe men or women and has a neutral connotation.Bachelor is used to describe a man and has a fairly neutralSpinster is used to describe a woman and is an old-fashioned (oftendisapproving) term with the implication that the woman will never marry.Its connotation is negative.Traditional:in accordance with tradition, beliefs and customs; it can have a positive or negative connotation. Compare It is traditional to give chocolate eggs as Easter presents in the UK with He was a very traditional father and they often had arguments. Old-fashioned:not modern, a person who believes in out-dated ideas and customs; it has a negative connotation.Conventional: following conventions or norms; it can have a negative connotation: He holds very conventional views on politics. It may also have a neutral connotation, . My new car is a very conventional design.Positive: resolute, unwavering, dedicatedNegative: stubborn, wilful, obstinate, dogged( single-minded, strong-willed and persistent are dependent on context.)2) An employee who works day and night to get a promotion, even though it will probablybe given to someone else. dogged/determined/persistent3) A woman who has recovered from cancer three times strong-willed/resolute4) A man who has failed his driving test ten times and is to take his test againnext month.determined/persistent5) A child who refuses to wear blue trousers today. stubborn/wilful6) A president defending his club, which refuses membership to women. obstinate7) A girl who devotes all her free time to tennis practice and has no social lifeas a result. single-minded8) A single-parent father working, studying and bringing up two children. resolute/determinedSpeaking & Reading: Lexical preparation(1) go by sth.: to be guided by sth.; to form an opinion from sth.. That’s a good rule to go by.2) lose count (of sth.): to forget the total of sth. before you have finishedcounting it. She had lost count of the number of times she’d told him to becareful.Speaking & Reading1. Work in pairs. Make a list of the different ways that people typically chooseto change their bodies.2. You are going to read an article about a man called Stalking Cat. What changesdo you think he has made to his body3. Read the article and check your ideas.4. Read the text again and decide if these statements are true (T) of false (F).If false, explain why.(1) Plastic surgery is still relatively unusual. FIt is now commonplace2) Dennis Avner can’t remember how many changes have been made to his body. T3) It is thought that a psychological illness may be the cause of Stalking Cat’s behaviour. T4) Because of the changes to his body, Cat is in constant pain. FT he procedures hurt at the time but there is no ongoing pain.5) The procedures Cat has undergone have been carried out illegally. FHe has to have the surgery carried out by a body modification artist because it would be illegal for a medical professional to alter appearance to this extent.6) Cat does not suffer any pain during the operations. FHe cannot have anaesthetic because only qualified doctors can administer it, so the operations are very painful.7) He does not particularly enjoy making the changes to his body. T8) He will probably not make any more changes to his body. FHis goal is to become a perfect cross between a cat and a human, so it is likely he will continue.5. Look again at the adjectives in Vocabulary, Exercise 3. Which would you use to describe Stalking Cat6. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.1) Think of someone you know who has made changes to his / her body. Was he / she happy with the results Why / Why not2) In what circumstances would you consider making changes to your body3) If you could transform yourself into a perfect cross between a human and an animal, which animal would you choose Why7. Translate the following sentences into English.1)如果可以依据以往的经验，这个航班会晚点的。

Unit 1 This Year It's Going to Be DifferentVocabulary (A)1. (d) boundless: without limits , unlimited2. (g) shriek: cry out with a high sound3. (a) sketch: a rough drawing4. (h) curiosity: the desire to know, find out or learn5. (b) doctor’s kit: a bag or box containing doctor’s instruments and medicine6. (c) pajamas: jacket and trousers for sleeping in7. (i) creativity: the ability to produce new and original ideas and / or things8. (j) garbage: waste material9. (e) cross-examine: question somebody very closely or severely10. (f) accomplish: finish successfully, succeed in doingVocabulary (B)1. admiration:a feeling of respect and approval for a person2. tiptoe: walk on one's toes with the rest of one's feet off ground3. spontaneous: acting immediately from natural feeling4. compliment: an expression of praise , admiration or respect5. escapement: the part of a clock or a watch which controls the moving parts inside6. jovially: in a friendly way, good-humouredly7. carve: cut (wood or stone) into a special shape8. whittle: cut (wood) to a smaller size by taking off small thin pieces9. commotion: great and noisy confusion or excitement10. considerate: thoughtful as far as the feelings or needs of others are concerned11. snarl: speak in an angry , bad-tempered way12. sprawl: stretch out oneself or one’s limbs in a lying or sitting positionUnit 2 SalvationVocabulary (A)1. pray:speak(usually silently) to God, showing love, giving thanks or asking for something2. was escorted: was taken3. moan: low soundof pain or suffering4. dire: terrible5. knelt: go down and/or remain on the knees6. jet-black: very dark or shiny black7. rocked: shook or or moved gently8. serenely: calmly or peacefully9. grin: smile broadly10. deceive: make sb. believe sth. that is falseVocabulary (B)1. preach: give a religious talk, usually as part of a service in church2. by leaps and bounds: very quickly3. rhythmical: marked by regular succession of weak and strong stresses, accents, movements4. sermon: a talk usually based on a sentence or “verse”from the Bible and preached as part of a church service5. braided: twisted together into one plait6. work-gnarled: twisted , with swollen joints and rough skin as from hard work or old age7. rounder: a person who lives a vicious life, a habitual drunkard8. take his (i.e. , god's) name in vain: use god's name in cursing , speak of god without respect9. punctutate: interrupt from time to time with sth.10. ecstatic: causing great joy and happinessUnit 3 Writing between the linesVocabulary (A)1. contend: argue,claim2. mutilation: destruction3. purchase: buying4. possession: ownership5. transfer: move from one place to another6. dog-eared: having the corners of the pages turned up or down with use so that they look like a dog's ears7. intact: whole because no part has been touched or spoilt8. indispensable : absolutely , essential9. scratch pad : loosely joined sheets of paper (a pad) for writing notes10. sacred : to be treated with great respectVocabulary (B)1. bluntly: plainly , directly2. Restrain: hold back (from doing sth.)3. dilapidated: broken and old; falling to pieces4. scribble: write hastily or carelessly5. unblemished: not spoiled , as new6. crayon: pencil of soft colored chalk or wax , used for drawing7. symphony: a musical work for a large group of instruments8. typography: the arrangement , style and appearance of printed matter9. humility: humble state of mind10. receptacle: a containerUnit 4 Network Designer — Tim Berners-LeeVocabulary (A)1. (c) zip off: move away with speed2. (f) unencumbered: not obstructed3. (j) nifty: clever4. (a) loose: let out5. (d) noodle around: play about6. (b) span: extend across7. (h) debut: make first public appearance8. (e) the élite: a group of people with a high professional or social level9. (g) juncture: a particular point in time10. (i) sparse: inadequately furnishedVocabulary (B)1. exotic: striking or unusual in appearance2. hack: a person paid to do hard and uninteresting work3. stint: fixed amount of work4. random: chance , unplanned , unlooked for5. reside: be present ( in some place)6. access: the opportunity or right to use or see sth.7. cobble: put together quickly or roughly8. lingua franca: language or way of communicating which is used by people do notspeak the same native language9. quintessential: the most typical10. unconventionally: doing things not in the accepted way11. Compromise: sth. That is midway between two different things12. cash in on: profit from; turn to one's advantageUnit 5 AntarcticaVocabulary (A)1. radiate: send out (lights) in all directions2. appreciate: understand fully3. outweigh: are greater than4. hemmed in :surrounded5. habitation: a place to live in6. obscure: make difficult to see7. shatter: break suddenly into small pieces8. haul up: pull up with some effort9. pore: very small opening in the skin through which sweat may pass10. unveiling: discovering, learning aboutVocabulary (B)1. distinctive: clearly marking a person or thing different from others2. spectacular: striking, out of the ordinary, amazing to see3. phenomenon: thing in nature as it appears or is experienced by the senses4. tenure: right of holding (land)5. tempestuous: very rough, stormy6. inclined: likely, tending to, accustomed to7. precipitation: (the amount of) rainfall, snow etc. which has fallen onto the ground8. disintegrate: break up into small particles or pieces, come apart9. granules: small pices like fine grains10. mercury: a heavy silver-white metal which is liquid at ordinary temperature and is used in scientific instruments such as thermometers11. disrupt: upset, disturb12. cushion: paddingUnit 6 The PearlVocabulary (A)1. (f) brush house: house made of small branches2. (i) pulsing and vibrating: beating steadily (as the heart does) and moving rapidly, here “active”, “alert”3. (b) strangle out: get the words out with difficulty in their keenness to speak4. (j) sting: a wound in the skin caused by the insect5. (e) giggle: laugh, not heartily, but often in a rather embarrassed way6. (a) alms-giver: person who gives money, food and clothes to poor people(NB: nowa rather old-fashioned concept)7. (c) residue: that which remains after a part disappears, or is taken or used(here, a metaphor using a chemical term)8. (d) lust: very strong, obsessive desire9. (h) withheld: deliberately refused10. (g) venom: (liquid) poisonVocabulary (B)1. scramble: move, possible climb, quickly and often with some difficulty2. dart: move forward suddenly and quickly3. panting: breathing quickly4. foaming: forming white mass of small air bubbles5. baptize: perform the Christian religious ceremony of baptism, i.e., of acceptance into the Christian Church6. judicious: with good judgment7. fat hammocks: (here) the doctor’s thick eyelids8. cackle: laugh or talk loudly and impleasantly9. semblance: appearance, seeming likeness10. squint: look with almost closed eyes11. speculation: thoughts of possible profits12. distillate: product of distillationUnit 11、每当他午夜下班回家，他总是蹑手蹑脚地上楼，以以免吵醒邻居.Every time when he returned home from work at midnight, he would tiptoe upstairs, trying not to waken his neighbors.2、为了与新来的邻居建立一种和睦的关系，格林先生不失时机地帮她把行李搬进屋子。

Unit 61.generosityn.1. 宽宏大量，宽大，大度；豪爽2. 慷慨，大方，不吝啬3. 宽宏大量(或慷慨)的行为4. 丰饶，丰富，大量，充足5. [古语]出身高贵generous a. 慷慨大方2.discriminatevi.1. (根据种族、阶级、类别、性别、肤色等而非实际优点)区别对待，有差别地对待；表示偏爱，特别优待；表示偏见，歧视，虐待(常与against 或in favour of 连用):The president discriminates in favour of his relatives.总裁优待他的亲戚。

The new policy discriminates against foreigners.新政策歧视外国人。

2. 辨别，区别，识别，鉴别，注意到或看出(事物间的)差别(常与among，between或from连用)：You must learn to discriminate between things.你必须学会区别事物。

I can discriminate right from wrong.我能辨别是非。

3. 有识别力，有鉴别力：He is able to discriminate good book from bad.他具有区分优秀图书与低劣图书的能力。

4. 有差别，有区别vt.1. 构成差别；使有区别：This is a mark that discriminates the original from the copy. 这是一个使原作与复制品有区别的标志。

2. 辨别，区别：The musician can discriminate minute variations in tone.乐师能辨别声调的各种细微变化。

She can't discriminate right from wrong.她不能辨别是非。

3.cravevt.1. 渴望，迫切希望：The thirsty man craved water.这个口渴的人迫切希望得到水喝。