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【VIP专享】毕马威史上最全笔经汇总版毕马威史上最全笔经汇总版！（网罗各高校牛人体验，笔试者必看！）18号武汉笔经by caoweijia2008中文数字+英文逻辑。
我感觉大家不一定要一味追求速度，毕竟正确率是很重要的。
我数学做了2/3，还有两道空着了，我并没有任何的不安，我感觉前面我做的差不多多能做对吧，毕竟难度不是很大。
逻辑题全做完了，后三篇不是看得很细，基本上属于边看边猜型的，碰到了2道经典36题，对了，数学碰到了汇率，虽然不是经典24题中的那题，但是用到了一些原理，希望后面考的同学好好做下经典题，祝大家考试顺利，希望我能进面试哦！稳扎稳打，步步为营！呵呵KPMG 10月14日笔经by liu861201今天刚刚笔试好，上来和大家分享下。
Numerical时间很紧，图卡很烦。
没有exchange rate的题目，有可能太难今年不考。
出现了经典24题后三张图的题型。
Verbal 有36题的原题，分别是Section A B E 还有补充部分的F,所以大家可以好好看看，至少理解深刻，考场上不用读题，节省时间个人建议靠前把24题认认真真做一边，所有题目的思路必须理清初，要做到在考场上马上反映出思路的状态，不用想直接做，把事件留给没见过的题目。
希望大家都可以过。
我上传了24和36题，大家就不用到处乱找了。
有了面试和其他笔试经历我会继续和大家分享。
2008年10月18日南京笔经by yang_618南京：今天上午9点--kpmg 做verbal题时，时间没把握好，以至于后面剩下两三个短文都没时间看，于是乱选，并且还没把机读卡圆圈涂满，草草涂的，也不知道机器读的出来不numerical还好，但有几道题算出来没答案，我还“不抛弃不放弃”的把那几个题算了四五遍，最后还是没算出答案，结果乱选。
总结：一定事先得练习啊，像我这种不怎么练习就去冲锋陷阵的人，不知道到底能不能冲进对方的阵营啊！没什么重要的笔经可以贡献给后人，抱歉，因为我自己也记不得verbal的文章内容了……就几句话说说： 1.verbal是英文，numerical是中文 2.时间很紧，速度一定要快！3.我没做到笔经上的原题，不知道是不是我没认真做笔经，大家有空的话，多看看笔经和多练练手吧！还是有很大必要的！anyway，已经考完了，不再纠缠，成败听天命了！马上要去笔摩根的IT了，不懂技术，准备裸奔。
四大会计师事务所笔试面试题库真题备考推荐：【最新投行| 四大|外企shl真题题库|Aptitude test|Numer|Logic|Verb】【陶宝望望联系：快乐小精灵旺铺】专门针对各大投行|四大|外企校园招聘、社会招聘笔试，资料包含了包含了各大投行、四大、快销等外企笔试Aptitude tests 官网全套题库【10种题型1900道试题详细解析】以及各大外企的shl真题题库，适用于shl、Kenexa、Cubiks、TalentQ、Saville Consulting等测试，可作为各大投行、四大会计、各快消企业、各咨询公司等外企的笔试复习资料。
具体包括但不限于汇丰、渣打、花旗、恒生、瑞士、德意志、摩根大通、美林、巴莱克、毕马威、普华永道、德勤、安永，宝洁，联合利华、安利、玛氏、箭牌、百威、飞利浦等外企公司各职位，一、四大会计事务所笔试Aptitude Tests全套题库题库：包含10种题型+1900道试题+详细解析，所有题目Questions和Solutions全部齐全，且含有详细解析，各种题型Tests 的套数和Questions 的数量与以下描述完全一致，都是文字，为文字题库，可编辑，不存在看不清楚的情况！！！且与官网保持同步更新二、四大会计事务所笔试面试求职资料：包含几十个笔试真题，面试资料，，四大为同一机构出题，且往往选自同一题库，出现原题的概率极高，因此参考性极强！！！三、四大重点整理题库部分目录：1、Numerical 重要；2、Verbal 重要；3、德勤图形logic 重要；4、最新秋招套题，特备重要，优先练习；5、毕马威最新秋招套题重要；6、德勤案例分析；7、安永完整测试题（含log，num，ver，工作优势问卷）；8、kpmg毕马威cut-e在线测试mapTQ完整题及参考答案；9、毕马威案例分析；10、2小时突击普华永道最新秋招套题特别重要；11、Numerical一小时突击题库；12、Verbal1小时突击题库；图形推理的十大规律；13、德勤和普华共用CEB题库重要文件整理；............................................有序整理的题库，题库经过专业团队亲身校招经历整理，挑选出了2小时突击题库和大题库，让你复习有的放矢！获取方式可直接掏宝联系望望名：快乐小精灵旺铺四、价值昂贵的笔试和面试题库资料（赠品）：笔试外还有视频教学指导，其涵盖网申，笔试解题技巧总结，case分析方法，partner面试风格等，物美价廉。
现在越来越多的外资企业（包括若干投行、商业银行、industry的MT program等）已经把笔试（online test或者现场笔试）纳入应聘程序。
以下内容为著名外企经典笔试题目。
TEST1In this test you are given two passages, each of which is followed by several statements. Your task is to evaluate the statements in the light of the information or opinions contained in the passage and to select your answer according to these rules.（1）If you think the statement is patently true or follows logically given the information or opinions contained in the passageClick on A（2）If the statement is patently untrue or the opposite follows logically, given the information or opinions contained in the passageClick on B（3）If you cannot say whether the statement is true or untrue or follows logically without further informationClick on C……………………TEST1的具体要求PASSAGE 1:the big economic difference between nuclear and fossil fuelled power stations is that nuclear reactions are more expensive to build and decommission, but cheaper to run. so disputes over the relative efficiency of the two systems revove not just around the prices of coal and uranium today and tomorow, but also around the way in which future income should be compared with current income.Question:(1) The main difference between nuclear and fossil-fuelled power stations is an economic one.(2) The price of coal is not relevant to discussions about the efficiency of nuclear reactors.(3) If nuclear reactors were cheaper to build and decommission than fossil fuelled power stations, they would definitely have the economic advantage. TEST2In this test you are required to evaluate each statement in the light of the passage. Read through the passage and evaluate the statements according to the rules.(1) TRUE: If the statement follows logically from the information or opinions contained in the passageClick on A(2) FALSE: If the statement is obviously false from the information or opinions contained in the passageClick on B(3) If you CANNOT SAY whether the statement is true or false without further informationClick on C…………………………TEST2的具体要求PASSAGE1:Many organizations find it beneficial to employ over the summer. permanent staff often wish to take their holidays over this period. Fouture more,it is not companies to experience peak workloads in the summer and so require extra staff. summer employment also attracts students who may return as well qualified recruits to an organization when they have completed their education.(1)It is possible that permanent staff who are on holiday can have their work carried out by students.(2) Students in summer employment are given the same paid holiday benefit as permanent staff.(3) Students are subject to the organization's standard disciplinary and grievance procedures.(4) Some companies have more work to do in summer when students are available for vacation work.在以下练习中，请根据给出一张的图片或数据表，集合题干，提取有用的信息进行简单或复杂的计算。
四大会计师事务所笔试面试题库真题备考【最新投行| 四大|外企shl真题题库|Aptitude test|Numer|Logic|Verb】推荐：【陶宝望望联系：快乐小精灵旺铺】专门针对各大投行|四大|外企校园招聘、社会招聘笔试，资料包含了包含了各大投行、四大、快销等外企笔试Aptitude tests 官网全套题库【10种题型1900道试题详细解析】以及各大外企的shl真题题库，适用于shl、Kenexa、Cubiks、 TalentQ、Saville Consulting等测试，可作为各大投行、四大会计、各快消企业、各咨询公司等外企的笔试复习资料。
具体包括但不限于汇丰、渣打、花旗、恒生、瑞士、德意志、摩根大通、美林、巴莱克、毕马威、普华永道、德勤、安永，宝洁，联合利华、安利、玛氏、箭牌、百威、飞利浦等外企公司各职位，一、四大会计事务所笔试Aptitude Tests全套题库题库：包含10种题型+1900道试题+详细解析，所有题目 Questions和Solutions 全部齐全，且含有详细解析，各种题型Tests 的套数和Questions 的数量与以下描述完全一致，都是文字，为文字题库，可编辑，不存在看不清楚的情况！！！且与官网保持同步更新二、四大会计事务所笔试面试求职资料：包含几十个笔试真题，面试资料，，四大为同一机构出题，且往往选自同一题库，出现原题的概率极高，因此参考性极强三、四大重点整理题库部分目录：1、Numerical 重要；2、Verbal 重要；3、德勤图形logic 重要；4、最新秋招套题，特备重要，优先练习；5、毕马威最新秋招套题重要；6、德勤案例分析；7、安永完整测试题（含log，num，ver，工作优势问卷）；8、kpmg毕马威cut-e在线测试mapTQ完整题及参考答案；9、毕马威案例分析；10、2小时突击普华永道最新秋招套题特别重要；11、Numerical一小时突击题库；12、Verbal1小时突击题库；图形推理的十大规律；13、德勤和普华共用CEB题库重要文件整理；............................................有序整理的题库，题库经过专业团队亲身校招经历整理，挑选出了2小时突击题库和大题库，让你复习有的放矢！获取方式可直接掏宝联系望望名：快乐小精灵旺铺四、价值昂贵的笔试和面试题库资料（赠品）：笔试外还有视频教学指导，其涵盖网申，笔试解题技巧总结，case分析方法，partner面试风格等，物美价廉。
对于会计专业的童鞋来说，最开心的是莫过于拿到四大会计事务所的offer了，如果你有机会去四大面试，你要知道哪些事情呢?首先，一定要明确知道他们看重的是哪些能力，不同事务所看中的能力有所差别，但不用担心了，通常四大都会在公司招聘网站上列出一个清单;其次，要学会使用“STAR”法则，也就是Situation/Task/Action/Result，情景/任务/行动/结果来回答问题，并且还要在面试中能够具体阐述出来。
除此以外，你还要知道通常他们会问哪些问题?今天小编就为大家罗列四大会计事务所面试题，希望可以帮助到你!普华永道(PWC)面试题普华永道真的、真的、真的(重要的事情说三遍)很喜欢能力型问题。
公司在自己的网站上列出了在普华工作所需的各项能力，外加一些过去的面试题和相关答案。
以下是应聘者(以及普华自己)透露的普华喜欢问的所有问题：1.Tell me about a time you had to correct someone’s mistake说说你不得不纠正某人错误的一个情景。
2.What do you think this role involves?你认为这个工作包含什么内容?3.Describe a time when you had to improve a piece of work after criticism?描述一个情景：你不得不在受到批评后改进某项工作。
4.What have you read about PWC in the news?你读到过有关普华的什么新闻吗?5.Can you describe a time when you have worked in a team to deliver a piece of work? – What was your role in the team? What did you do exactly?描述一个你作为团队成员参与完成某项任务的情景。
KPMG Assistant Managers Entrance Exam1 毕马威目前采纳的本钱核算法是:A Standard costsB Activity Based CostingC Job costingD 大锅饭E Bitch costingF Shit cost method1 CDIf A or B was chosen, you’ve got to attend the CPA training course of year 202X, to learn more about the costing knowledgeIf E or F was chosen, you’d better see the psychologist and take some medicine following his suggestion, and try to calm down.2 甲：搁哪里爽呢？乙：没你爽呀！甲：嗨，爽不好瞎爽！上述对话中“爽〞最可能指的是：A OT充分B 能出差但不用加班C Team 里有美女 / 帅鸽D 天天能吃到龙虾不扣差补E 在工程中学到了知识F 工作之余,参与客户组织各类旅游活动2 ABFIf C was chosen, it seems you are not suitable for promotion in KPMG anymore, because there are few handsome guy and beautiful lady in the middle and high level of KPMG, so man, seek for new job now.Chosen D, Absolutely Day dreamingChosen E, you are still in the early stage of A1, and should be demoted to A23 毕马威现行的工资采纳的是：A 计时工资B 计件工资C 岗位技能工资D 根本工资 + 工程提成E 低保工资3 AIf D was chosen, do you think you are manager or partner now Caution: it seems you will be fired soon.Chosen E, be care of the brick thrown by the laid-off workers when you are in the street.If B or C was chosen, pls attend the CPA training course also.4 典型大工程〔mega-job〕包含A CCBB PICCC CIBD SiemensE SinopecF An Gang4 AEChosen B, are you the spy from E&YChosen C,D,F, do you know the meaning of mega-job5 目前可以在办公室使用的聊天软件有：A Yahoo messengerB Sina 668D MSNE ICQF 网易泡泡5 ABD What!! Even ABD can not be used now6 办公室里可以直接领用的物品包含A Working paperB A4 paperC 卫生间里的洗手液〔经常没有〕D DividerE 雀巢矿泉水F Boxfile6 ACDEChosen B or F, whether you are grown up from A1 in KPMG, you should be demoted as A1.7 又到了填timeshit的时间，作为in-charge对staff OT采取的态度应该是：A 只同意Charge efficient hoursB 鼓舞 Acutal chargeC 交足经理的，留够team的，剩下全是自己的D 坎OT是经理的事情与我无关E 爱谁谁！！！F 依据工程收费情况核定每个人的OT7 CPls consider at least 3 factors when calculate the OT, 1 job nature 2 Mgr nature 3 Job fee8 传闻中在毕马威女孩当男孩使，那么男孩当什么使？A 犯人B 畜牲C 保护动物D 牲畜E 野生动物F 机器人8 BDF If you choose C, you have a so kind heart, thus could not be promoted anymore.9 甲：帮我抠一下！乙：扯！没看我正忙着呢？上述对话中甲、乙最可能是A 甲:：A3 乙：B1B 甲：A2 乙：A1C 甲：A3 乙：A3D 甲：A3 乙：A1 with a brave heart9 DB sounds reasonable, but not the perfect one, pls read the question carefully. It seems you still need some practice on call over skill.Chosen A or C, it is clear that there must be some shit deeply in your head.10 在上题的对话中“抠〞不可能指的是：A 挖鼻孔B Call overD Coaching10 ACChosen B or D, should be fired at once.11 刚刚过了愚人节，In-box里充满着五光十色的辞职信。
1.Please give a brief summary of your current recreational and leisure activities, including sports and hobbies.I am an extroverted, active and energetic boy. I love both indoor sport games and outdoor activities. For indoor sport games, I am found of badminton and snooker. Usually I play them on weekends with my friends or classmates. Though currently I am busy preparing for CICPA exams and my supervisor’s academic work, I just running around the campus for half an hour every night. For outdoor adventures, usually I go out for cycling and climbing mountains on weekends together with the members of Chinese Traditional Instruments Club of my university. And I also have strong enthusiasm for some exciting activities that encourage team participation, problem solving and revitalise morale, such as rafting, sailing and rock climbing. Besides these, playing Chinese bamboo flute and singing songs are also my choices to relax myself.2.What clubs and societies are you a member of and in what capacity?While I like playing Chinese bamboo flute and communicate with people who love Chinese traditional instruments, so I joined to the Chinese Traditional Instruments Club of my university. From Sep.2007 to July.2008 I was the vice-chairman of the club. My respsonsibility and job was recruiting well-qualified new members, arranging all kinds of training courses and planning development projects for the new members as to improve their professional standards, organizing resources effevtively and making preparations for the yearly concert, like raising money from the supporting agency and coordinating most of the members to practice programms for the performance. Under all members’ great efforts, we successfully held an excellent concert in November of 2007, which was highly recognized by the university.3.what factors have influenced your career choice?There are many factors have influenced my career choice, but most essential ones are my educational background and character. As my bachelor degree is international business administration, most of my academic courses are composed of management, marketing and accounting. While I am also a candidate for master in economics. I have learned a combination of courses in economics and finance. Being affected in such circumstances for 6 years, I have developed a strong business sense and a burning desire to get engaged in accounting firm that related to finance and accounting.Another significant factor is my personality trait. I am an outgoing and energetic person. I like working in a team and communicating with all sorts of people. while in a team, I get a chance to listen to different points of view andto learn to see things in different perspectives. It’s also more challenging as I need to coordinate with people from various backgrounds. As a young man, I also enjoy business trips. Working under pressure is my strongpoint, so auditor become the job I am interested in. I decide to take audit assistant as the start of my career.4.Outline your career ambitions and objectives.I decide to take investment bank manager as my ultimate aim. While I am not qualified to enter such professional position now, so I will join an enterprise that related to finance and accounting. I believe after 3 or 4 years of working in some famous accounting firms like KPMG which is the top one in audit, I would accumulate enough experience and money for further study. I probably would apply for a MBA degree . After that, with enough knowledge and experience, I will return to investment bank field. At the end of 10 years I wish to become a manager in investment bank. Besides, I have to attain professional qualifications such as CIA, CPV, CICPA and ACCA during the pursuit of my career ambitions in the near future. And as the short term objective, I would study hardly to learn some CICPA courses such as accounting and auditing. I would take part in the CICPA exam held in Sep.2011.5.At KPMG our global values guide the way that we interact with each other and help to create our open,friendly and supportive culture, please tell us about a situation where you have used two of KPMG's values to achieve a positive outcome.In 2007, cooperating with several schoolmates, I had volunteered to go to Ezhou city to help local middle school students study for about one month. During that time, I mainly worked both as an Chinese and Mathmatics teacher of one class. Every day, I devoted myself to preparing varied materials for lessons. I also communicated with students frequently as to receive mutual trust and full co-operation from them. Inspired by my commitment and dedication, my students become study harder and harder. At the end of that month, most students had made great progress. This experience cultivates my strong team spirits and the ability to work well under pressure.。
四大面试真题集【单面汇总】737位拿到四大Offer同学提供的36个Par面问题！（2016年Par面 独家）感谢同学们提供的Par面问题！普华永道1.广州+普华审计+Par面：1）对刚才的自我介绍进行补充2）考CPA的规划3）打算在普华待多久4）你父母叫你去别的地方工作怎么办5）与人交往时的优缺点6）对中国经济的看法7）用英语说说实习的内容2.北京+普华审计tdp+Par面：1）为什么读研，为什么还选择现在的专业2）实习经历的感想3）有什么问题～主要是自己的经历聊的多，必问之前群面你觉得自己表现如何，对方表现怎样，你们小组谁表现的最好3.香港+普华审计+Par面：1）实习经历2）课外活动经历3）什么是审计4）觉得香港现在怎样4.南京+普华审计+Par面：1）对之前case讨论的意见和看法2）描述一件走出困境的事例，由于是小组一起的panel interview，还有针对个人的不同问题5.北京+普华审计+Par面：1）对刚才案例有什么看法2）为什么要来做审计（因为我本科和硕士读的专业都是社科，而且本科和研究生读的不一样）3）同学和老师等怎么评价你6.北京+普华审计+Par面：1）英文名字...为什么叫这个2）有没有想要留在国外3）针对实习和个人经历问了一点4）四大都申了哪几家7.青岛+普华审计+Par面：1）职业规划2）个人优势3）是否确定放弃原来专业8.青岛+普华审计+Par面：1）怎么认识审计2）不是相关专业为什么做审计3）还有why me9.上海+普华deals+Par面：1）对于小组讨论自己表现的看法2）擅长哪些课程3）出国留学经历等10.上海+普华审计+Par面：自己在小组讨论的表现自我感觉如何。
别的都是聊天，因为我不是相关专业的，所以没有问我专业问题，我知道的，如果是相关专业，就会问专业问题。
11.南京+普华审计+Par面：最近遇到的一段瓶颈期，未来如果离开普华可能的原因。
12.上海+普华税务+Par面：简单的英国学习经验，学习到了什么。
43. A superficial consideration (表面上考虑) of biotechnology will commonly present an impression of ethical neutrality（中立）. On the contrary, however, it is closely related to the frequently conflicting values and aspirations（强烈的愿望）of society. Genetically modified food（转基因食品）is a particularly good example, presenting the potential to bear more resilient and nutritious crops（弹性有营养的作物）, and thus contribute to the fight against world hunger, while simultaneously raising concerns regarding its long-term effects and environmental ethics. It is this ethical and scientific controversy（争论）that ultimately led to the rejection(拒绝)of genetically modified food in Europe.Genetically modified food could help nations to fight starvation.(T)The debate surrounding the ethics of genetically modified food contributed to its rejection in some countries.(T)The risk genetically modified food outweighs the potential benefits.(C)The European population is more concerned with the environmental ethics of genetically modified food than other societies.(C)44、Organisations are encouraged to provide employees with flexible working opportunities through work-life balance strategies, and workers are increasingly attracted to organizations that offer such strategies. For employees, the opportunity to work and family life, workplace stress, and work overload. However, some senior managers are reluctant to fully support these initiatives due to the substantial（实质性）costs involved, which escalate（逐步升高）with staff numbers. Then again, the cost of implementing flexible working strategies can be Compensated（补偿）by a reduction in absenteeism and improvements in organizational commitment and employee motivation.A likely increase in employee motivation would not be a reason for an organization to implement strategies aimed at improving employees’ work-life balance.(F)The cost of implementing flexible working strategies is not dependent on the number of employees.(F)Employees who have flexible working hours will have happier home lives compared to those who do not.(C)45、Horticulturalists（园艺工作者）must take into account many factors when planning the reproduction（繁殖）of plants. Propagation（繁殖）by seed is the most common method employed as it is relatively easy and has a good expected rate of germination（发芽）, although this can drop if the seed has been packaged for more than a year. Many seeds can remain viable for up to 5 years if properly stored, as their protective coats prevent sprouting（发芽）until ideal growing conditions exist. External conditions can be manipulated in order to bring seeds out or dormancy（休眠）and hasten（加速）germination. However, even in optimal conditions, some seeds are reluctant to Sprout.The vigilant management of external factors can bring a seed out of its quiescent state.(T)Most horticulturalists are reluctant to plant seeds that have been preserved for more than a year.(C)Reproducing plants by seed is the most common activity for gardeners.(T)All seeds will germinate, given the right environmental conditions.(F)The production of flora involves many aspects for horticulturalists to consider.(T)The rate at which seeds sprout can decline after the first year of being packaged.(T)46、Increasingly psychotherapy（心理疗法）is being shown in relevant studies to be an effective form of treatment for mental disorders（心理失常）in its own right, despite frequent claims that evidence for its effectiveness in number of serious disorders is almost totally lacking. Moreover, studies have suggested that a combination of psychotherapy and appropriate medication may lead, in the case of at least some identifiable mental disorders, to significantly better outcomes compared to those in which medication is applied without the support of psychotherapy.This provides support for mental（心理）health professionals to consider psychotherapy when deciding on the treatment of patients suffering from mental disorders.There are conditions for which the combination of psychotherapy and medication does not improve the outcome in comparison to the use of medication alone.(C)It cannot be concluded that psychotherapy can be as effective as medication in the treatment of every form of mental disorder.(T)Psychotherapy, often combined with medication, is used more and more by mental health professionals.(C)Unless combined with psychotherapy, medication is rarely effective in the treatment of mental disorders.(C)Not supporting psychotherapy with medication always reduces its effectiveness in the treatment of various types of mental disorders (T)47、With the rapid technological advancement today, bridges are becoming increasingly more sophisticated（复杂精致）, and are spanning（横跨）significantly greater distances. Earthquakes, however, remain a potential threat to these immense（巨大）structures as they may do irreparable（不能挽回）and costlybio damage to an important bridge. As a bridge’s major vulnerability to earth movement lies in its supportive structures, a promising solution has been found to be a self-anchored（固定）suspension（暂停）bridge. This bridge design is one in which the pull of the cables is opposed（反对）by the push or the deck, thus elimination the supporting anchorages.The elimination of the anchorages has been a proposed solution to the threat of damage caused by seismic activity.(T)The self-anchored suspension bridge is established solution to the threat of earthquake damage(T)Earthquakes inevitably cause costly damage to the bridge’s structure. (C)A possible solution to the risk of earthquake damage is the self-anchored suspension bridge as the forces of cables and the anchorages oppose each other. (F)Modern bridges have different structural features to those built before the technological advancement of today.(C)48 Although there is no scientific support for the contention（争论）that the physical features observed in palm reading（手相）can enable someone to read a person's character, or divine（占卜）their future .the human hand does show evidence of the person's health, cleanliness, occupation and nervous habits. Examples of this include calluses（茧）or nail kiting. Hands are often examined in medical diagnosis and provide clues with which the palm reader may often astound the unsophisticated.Sophisticated people tend not to be very impressed by palm readers.(T)Features of a person's hand may provide clues to hislher job.(T)Hands do not reveal anything about someone's level of hygiene.(F)49. An international protocol（协议）on climate change, ratified（批准）by the EU（欧盟）, Japan, Canada, and now Russia, aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prevent（预防）the more serious ramifications（衍生）of global warming. Current attention is focused on the development of technologies that will give us low-cost renewable energy over the short and longer-term. This will provide the economic incentive（刺激）to replace fossil fuels in developed and developing countries, leading to a more pervasively（普遍）low-carbon economy. This is crucial（重要）if we are to slow the rate of climate change which can have devastating（毁灭）effects on the flora（植物）and fauna（动物）of our planet.Before the protocol for climate change was sanctioned, there was less interest in renewable energy sources.(C)The current Focus of the international protocol on climate change is to enhance the development of cheap. carbon-based energy sources.(F)The consequences of global warming are likely to affect developing countries more than developed ones.(C)Climate change is likely to have an equally negative effe 比on plants and animals.(C) Fiscal inducements to use renewable energy sources are not expected to have an impact on the pace of environmental change (F)50. For many years, manufacturing practices remained devoid（缺乏）of innovation. That is, until the mid-1990s, when trends in modern manufacturing created a virtual revolution. This was driven by economic survival, global competition and rapidly changing customer markets. These external forces led to the introduction of production methods such asjust-in-time inventory control, advanced manufacturing technology, and integrated manufacturing systems. These practices meant that manufacturers could remain responsive to market conditions and produce items which met customers'needs .However, these new innovations have not necessarily meant that the quality and durability（耐久性）of products have improved.All manufacturers have introduced new production practices to survive(C)Introducing just-in-time inventory control is the best way to remain responsive to market demands.(C)Manufacturers who do not take up modern manufacturing methods will not automatically produce inferior items.(C)52 , Anxieties about air and water pollution. Desertification（沙漠化）and resource depletion（消耗）are nothing new. It is increasingly accepted that the human impact on the environment is Intensifying（加剧）compounded by population growth. The increasing pace of economic life and the spread of pollutants far beyond their places of origin. New scientific evidence- about global climate change, changes to ozone（臭氧）in the upper atmosphere and the reduction of biodiversity 一contributes to the growing concern. In addition highly publicized（宣传）environmental disasters have led the public to conclude that the very license to operate conferred on stakeholders in business might be infringed （违反）by the environmental impact of corporate activities.New scientific evidence has merely confirmed what was already known.(F)Restricting pollutants to their place of origin makes no difference to the impact of human activity on the environment.(C)Businesses that do not address their adverse impact on the environment run the risk of recrimination.(T)53, lack of water is an ever-worsening global crisis, with over forty percent of the world’s population now suffering from regular and severe（严峻的）water shortage. Increases in population mean that there is less water available per capita. In addition, pollution-related global warming is making some countries, which were already short of water, even hotter and drier(干燥的). Demand for water is doubling every twenty year and there are predictions that, in the future, nations may go to war to fight for its control.Oil shortages, more than a lack of water, are likely to result in war. (C)Neither climate change nor population expansion are exacerbating(恶化) the water shortage problem. (F)Some countries are not affected by global warning.(C)54, Genuine altruism（真实的利他主义）, when defined as ‘selfless helping’, has been shown in recent years to be a most elusive（难懂）, indeed paradoxical（矛盾）, concept. In fact, some people now view it as some kind of ideal that never really existed. How could anybody be entirely selfless and help without any expectation of a reward of some type? According to some people, the pleasure of helping is itself its own reward, whereas others also mention the displeasure that would accompany a refusal to help somebody in need as the motive underlying（背后）altruistic behavior. True believers suggest that altruism,based on the notion of selfless helping, should be something that we all strive（努力）towards.a) We can now say that altruistic behavior, that is selfless helping, used to be better understood in the past.(C)b) There is currently no consensus（一致）surrounding the true motives for perceived（认知）altruistic helping Tc) Helping is never genuinely（真诚）selfless.(C)d) Some people may be unsure about whether their perceived selfless helpingbehavior is really selfless.(T)55, In many organizations, middle manager positions can be difficult, especially periods of significant change. While trying to do their best to implement changes imposed by senior management, they may realize that promoting the interests of the organization often conflicts with their own best interests, and those of their colleagues and subordinates. Such realizations can sometimes result in high levels of additional stress for those managers. No effective solution to this problem has been found and, if the way in which most organizations operate does not change in some relevant way soon, it is likely that we will see increase in absenteeism and turnover amongst middle managers.a) Conflicts of interest are common for middle managers during periods of organizational Change.(T)b) Middle managers who realize that they have to implement changes that are imposed upon them that are not in line with the own best interest, will always experience stress as a result.(F)c) If the way in which most organizations operate changes soon in some relevant way, it is likely that we will see a decrease in absenteeism and turnover among middle managers.(C)d) Some middle managers have to operate in ways that may interfere（干涉）with their own Interests.(T)56, In general, the longer a customer stays with a company, the more that customer is worth.Long term customers buy more whilst costing less to service; they take up less of a company’s time and are less sensitive to price. They are also more likely to bring in other new customers.Senior managers usually gauge company performance on the basis of cash flow and profit. They rarely study the statistic that reflects how much real value the company is creating-customer retention（保留）.a) Long-term business success depends mainly on customer retention. Cb) Senior managers pay due attention to customer retention. Fc) Long-term customers purchase fewer goods than newer customers. Fd) Raising prices will tend to affect new clients more than existing ones.T。
