南京理工大学工程硕士英语课程考试2011.8试题及参考答案

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程(英译汉Unit1-15)Unit 1A.1.Two noted Americans explain why it’s not what you earn-it’s what you learn.两位美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所学的更重要。

2.I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I couldn’t be outworked.我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。

3.Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。

4. I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup ideas.我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的点子。

5. I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.结果我创下了化妆品销售量的最好成绩。

Unit2A.1. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the extremely fast speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second.要用鼠标点一下，在地球另一端的信息马上就会以每秒钟绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。

2011 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe 5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief 7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected 8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes 9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance 10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal 11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at 13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because 14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses 15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond 16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold 17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent 18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted 19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Ant hony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointmentin the Times, calls him “a n unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The wi despread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that diffe rence? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Par a.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in r evitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspira tions. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nodalso may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media –such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besidesgenerating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampe n our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wond er if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single mostimportant thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake. It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every wee k of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a littl e bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later.Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the kn owledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and crit icize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say. [G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Alle n’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendation Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explai n it’s intended meaning, and3)give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。

2011年全国职称英语理工类（C级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Eventually, she got a job and moved to London.A FinallyB CertainlyC LuckilyD Naturally2. A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.A testedB usedC suggestedD announced3. She can be relied on in a crisis.A looked afterB believed inC depended onD turned on4. We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A offeredB includedC acceptedD investigated5. Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge.A hardB goodC shortD long6. My doctor said I should vary my diet more.A prepareB cookC chooseD change7. Things have changed a lot since I was a child.A graduallyB suddenlyC frequentlyD greatly8. The book took ten years thorough research.A carefulB basicC socialD major9. The love of money is the root of all evil.A causeB resultC endD force10. The high-speed trains can have major impact on our livesA effortB influenceC problemD concern11. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A turnedB reducedC movedD reformed12. The test produced disappointing results.A unsatisfactoryB indirectC similarD positive13. His long-term goal is to set up his own business.A. ideaB. energyC. aimD. Order14. Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.A reportedB hopedC answeredD admitted15. His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. mended第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

工硕英语教程下册参考答案工硕《综合教程》下册参考答案Unit 1Language StudyA.1. credentials2. empower3. retarded4. fantasy5. mentality6. comedies7. destination8. perseverance9. passionately 10. best-selling 11. expended/had expended12. electrifying 13. credibility 14. MotivationalB.1. A) utilize B) consumed C) expend D) expanded E) consumedF) utilized2. A) invented B) created C) invented D) create E) inventedF) createdC.1. bestseller2. copies3. success4. book5. for6. business7. habits8. change9. takes 10. management 11. reacting 12. intricate 13. skim 14. annotations 15. feelTranslation A：1.激发积极性的演讲者布赖恩·特雷西相信“你所思考的、感觉到的、所做的，以及所取得的一切成就，其中95%是习惯的结果。

”在这本关于培养新习惯来赚更多钱的指南中，他严格地培养读者如何确立目标、存钱、谋得一个理想的工作、提高生产力、克服唾液等技能。

此书不仅是一本鼓励人们自助成才的好书，而且也是一本如何高效率经商的指南。

特雷西的忠告无论对经理人还是对雇员都是有益的，他的忠告非常具体，读者可以立即付诸行动（例如：“要守时”和“只与你喜欢、钦佩、尊敬，以及想要成为德那种人交往”）。

同时他也注重大目标（例如：“今天就做出重大决定，你将要在数年之后积累超过一百万美元……每一天要为实现这个目标做些什么事情”）。

理工英文考试题及答案解析一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "mechanical engineering" refers to the application of physics and materials science for the design, analysis, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems.A. TrueB. False答案解析： A. True. 机械工程是指应用物理和材料科学来设计、分析、制造和维护机械系统。

2. Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?A. SolarB. WindC. NuclearD. Hydro答案解析： C. Nuclear. 核能不是可再生能源的一种，因为它依赖于有限的铀或其他放射性元素。

3. In computer science, what does "API" stand for?A. Automated Programming InterfaceB. Application Programming InterfaceC. Advanced Programming InterfaceD. Artificial Programming Interface答案解析： B. Application Programming Interface. API 是应用程序编程接口的缩写。

4. The formula for calculating the area of a circle is A = πr², where "r" represents:A. The diameter of the circleB. The circumference of the circleC. The radius of the circleD. The area of the circle答案解析： C. The radius of the circle. 圆的面积公式 A =πr²中的 "r" 表示圆的半径。

南京理工大学研究生英语口语复试题南京理工大学第一部分的听力题型为常规题型，参考CET四六级听力。

第二部分中的英文自我介绍内容自由发挥，这个可以提前准备，时间控制在1分半到2分钟最好，语言流利，展示出自己的自信最重要，毕竟留下好的第一印象对分数有很大帮助。

时间太长，老师一天面试很多学生，也会觉得无法精力集中，所以不要觉得越多越好，将要点介绍到位，让老师对你有一个整体的了解就达到目的了。

自我介绍内容一般包括：姓名、年龄、本科学校、所属专业、期望研究方向、自己在该方向取得什么成绩或对该方向有什么认识、自己的性格和兴趣爱好。

其中第二部分的英文对话中的问题一般为以下问题（仅供参考）："What is your greatest strength"？"范例回答："I feel that my strongest asset is my ability to stick to things to get them done、I feel a real sense of accomplishment when I finish a job and it turns out just as I'd planned、I've set some high goals for myself、For example，I want to graduate with highest distinction.How do you feel about your progress to date？范例回答："I think I did well in school、But I am clear that I still have a long way to walk to realize my dream and finally achieve self-value、I will try my best If you failed this time what will you do in the near future？范例回答：I very clear that life is not successful at any time，it is full of challenge，so I prepare for receiving challenge coming from life and I also tell myself I never give up at any moment、Now，I also receive challenge，I only think try my best to pass this challenge、No matter what result is、I never give up my pursuit and my dream、What impressed you most when you were at university？范例回答：In university period，I have harvested the sincere friendship and the precious love，I have learned many knowledge and exercised ability，these are very unforgettable，what is most unforgettable，I have obtained the computer third-level certificate through studied independently、24、What is the best university in your opinion？英文文献翻译例题如下：The cause was found to be the cleaning agent used in his office when it was unoccupied、Bronchial challenge testing identified the specific agent to which he was sensitised as lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride，a constituent of the floor cleaner以下为英文自我介绍技巧！自我介绍时间以2-3分钟为宜。

翻译：Unit 1英译汉：1、Two noted Americans explain why it’s not what you earn-it’s what you learn.两位美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所学的更重要。

2I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I coul dn’t beoutworked.我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。

3、Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 。

看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。

4、 I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wa nted intomakeup ideas.我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的点子。

5. I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.结果我创下了化妆品销售量的最好成绩。

汉译英：1. She plans to set up her own bussiness她计划自己创业2.Attitude also matters.态度也很重要3. she had polished all the furniture before the gusets arrived.她在客人们到达之前把所有家具都擦亮了4.Some managers have no idea how to handle people.有些经理不知道如何与人打交道。

5.We finished the work in record time.我们完成那项工程的时间打破了记录6.she likes everything to be in place before she starts working.她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。

2011年英语专业八级考试试题及答案TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)-GRADE EIGHTHTIME LIMIT: 19S MINPART 1 LISTENING COM PREH ENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you wilt hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL K HWi/e listenings take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yuu H7//need them to complete a gap^/tlling task after the mini^lecture. When the lecture is over^ yuu will be gh^cn minutes to check your nates, and another ten minutes to complete the Kap^fUting task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the 密叩s may require a maximum of THREE ^onhi. Make jatre rhe wtfrd(s) you fill in isfare) b<9th grammatically and setnantically acceptable. You may refer to ytHtr notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE CNLT Listen carefully and then answer the quest in/is that follow. Mark the best answer e each question an ANSWER SHEET T1UCQuestions 1 to 5 arc based on an interview. At the end of the inter\9id^ you will be JO seconds to answer each of the JbUowing Jive questions.Now listen to the interview.】. According to Dr, Harley, whai makes language learning more difliculr after a certainA.Differences between two languages.B.Declining capacity to learn syntax.ck of time available.D.Absence of motivation., What does the example of Czech speakers sliow*■ A.心natural for language learners to make gg.B. Dinercrwes between languages cause ditTiculty.C. There exist diftercnees between Engli sh and € zech.D Difnculty stems from cither dirTercnce or similarity.3. Which of the following methods does NOT adxocatc speaking?A. The traditional method. .B. The audiottngual method. 萄C. The immersion method.D. The direct method.4. Which hypothesis deals uith the role of language know ledge in the learning process?A. The acquisition and learning distinction hypothesis. :B. The comprehensible input hypothesis.C. The monitor hypothesis,D. The active filter hypothesis.5. Which of the following topics is NOT discussed during the interview?A. Causes of language learning difllcultics.B. Differences between mother tongue and a second language.C. Theoreiica! conceptualization of SCCOIK! language learning. #D. Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTln州•心:e 皿H7//hear zry断g ONCE ONLY. Lhlen carefulfy M then answer the 伽5g t I follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET EO.如”如 6 k based un the foUowini： new\ At th .，一 ,55 qgg. °f血5 5,冲win x州*〃10Now lixten to the心6 :坍°f USoHg ing dements is INCORRECT?甘加："is Britain s Urgest bus and train operator C 清哂G勺Znd routes in Britain ;uc □广心Marts f rom l^ndon every hour。

南京理工大学工程硕士英语课程考试试题（2011年8月）Directions：Write all your answers on the Answer Sheet.Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A Reading in depthDirections:In this section there are 2 passages. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark your choice on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.All forms of life interact with the environment in which they exist, and also with other life forms. In the 20th century this premise gave rise to the concept of ecosystems, which can be defined as any situation where there is interaction between organisms and their environment.Ecosystems are composed of a variety of abiotic and biotic components that function in an interrelated way. The structure and composition is determined by various environmental factors that are interrelated. Variations of these factors will initiate dynamic modifications to the ecosystem. Some of the more important components are: soil, atmosphere, radiation from the sun, water, and living organisms.Each living organism has a continual relationship with every other element that makes up its environment. Within the ecosystem, species are connected and dependent upon one another in the food chain, and exchange energy and matter between themselves as well as with their environment.Every species has limits of tolerance to factors that affect its survival, reproductive success and ability to continue to thrive and interact sustainably with the rest of its environment, which in turn may have effects on these factors for many other species or even on the whole of life. The concept of an ecosystem is thus an important subject of study, as such study provides information needed to make decisions about how human life may interact in a way that allows the various ecosystems to be sustained for future use rather than used up or otherwise rendered ineffective. For the purpose of such study, a unit of smaller size is called a micro-ecosystem. For example, an ecosystem can be a stone and all the life under it. A macro-ecosystem might involve a whole ecological region, with its drainage basin.The following ecosystems are examples of the kinds currently under intensive study: oceanic ecosystems, continental ecosystems, such as “forest ecosystems”, meadow ecosystems such as steppes or savannas, or agro-ecosystems, systems in inland waters, such as lentic ecosystems such as lakes or ponds; or lotic ecosystems such as rivers. Another classification can be made by reference to its communities, such as in the case of a human ecosystem. Regional groupings of distinctive plants and animals best adapted to the region’s physical natural environment, latitude, altitude, and terrain are known as biomes. The broadest classification, today under wide study and analysis, and also subject to widespread arguments about its nature and validity, is that of the entire sum of life seen as analogous to a self-sustaining organism.1. Which of the following statements about an ecosystem is NOT true?A) An ecosystem is usually composed of some nonliving and living organisms.B) A stone and all the life under it can be regarded as an ecosystem.C) An ecosystem means the interaction between some nonliving and living organisms andtheir environment.D) Sunlight, air, soil, water, and human beings are some of the important elements within theecosystem.2. How is the relationship among all the living organisms?A) All the living organisms are closely related to each other.B) Each living organism depends on others.C) In order to thrive, they have to give and gain energy from others.D) All of the above.3. Why is it important to learn the concept of an ecosystem according to the text?A) Many species have limited capacities to continue to grow vigorously.B) We can learn how to protect the natural resources for future use.C) Apart from a micro-ecosystem, it is also important to learn the concept of amacro-ecosystem which usually involves a whole ecological region.D) We can make decisions for human life to interact with sustainable development.4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) Rivers, lakes or ponds belongs to oceanic ecosystem.B) The classification that each life can be regarded as a self-sustaining organism is still underwidespread arguments.C) The broadest classification of ecosystem might involve a whole ecological region, such asin the case of a human ecosystem.D) All of the above.5. The possible meaning of the word “lentic” in the last paragraph is “of or relating to________”.A) dirty waters B) still watersC) deep waters D) fresh watersPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year 2050 is impossible to say. But if developments in research maintain their current pace, it seems likely that a combination of improved attention to dietary and environmental factors, along with advances in genetherapy and protein-targeted drugs, will have virtually eliminated most major classes of disease.From an economic standpoint, the best news may be that these accomplishments could be accompanied by a drop in health-care costs. Costs may even fall as diseases are brought under control using pinpointed, short-term therapies now being developed. By 2050 there will be fewer hospitals, and surgical procedures will be largely restricted to the treatment of accidents and other forms of trauma(外伤). Spending on nonacute care, both in nursing facilities and in homes, will also fall sharply as more elderly people lead healthy lives until close to death.One result of medicine’s success in controlling disease will be a dramatic increase in life expectancy. The extent of that increase is a highly speculative matter, but it is worth noting that medical science has already helped to make the very old (currently defined as those over 85 years of age) the fastest-growing segment of the population. Between 1960 and 1995, the U. S.population as a whole increased by about 45%, while the segment over 85 years of age grew by almost 300%. There has been a similar explosion in the population of centenarians, with the result that survival to the age of 100 is no longer the newsworthy fear that it was only a few decades ago. U. S. Census Bureau projections already forecast dramatic increases in the number of centenarians in the next 50 years: 4 million in 2050, compared with 37,000 in 1990.Although Census Bureau calculations project an increase in average life-span of only eight years by the year 2050, some experts believe that the human life-span should not begin to encounter any theoretical natural limits before 120 years. With continuing advances in molecular medicine and a growing understanding of the aging process, that limit could rise to 130 years or more.6. The main idea of this passage is that ___________.A) the health-care costs will have been reduced by 2050B) most people can live 120 years or even more after 2050C) the development of medical science may help increase human life expectancyD) the development of medical science help the very old become the fastest-growing part ofthe population7. According to paragraph 1 and 2, which of the following is true?A) The drop of health-care costs may result in the increase of most diseases.B) The drop of health-care costs may result in the decrease of most diseases.C) As a result of a drop of health-care costs, most diseases may be eliminated.D) The elimination of most diseases may result in a drop in health-care costs.8. The author thinks that, by 2050, surgical procedures will be greatly limited to the treatment oftrauma because ________.A) there will be fewer hospitalsB) the health-care expending dropsC) most classes of diseases will be brought under controlD) people don’t like to go through the surgical procedure9. In paragraph 3, the sentence “the extent of that increase is a highly speculative matter …”implies that ______.A) people are not quite sure about how much human life expectancy can be increaseB) increasing human life-span venturousC) whether people’s life expectancy can be increased is doubtfulD) people spend much time pondering on if human life-span can be longer10. From paragraph 3, we can infer that, only a few decades ago, _______.A) it was not rare for a person to live for 100 yearsB) it was not a newsworthy fear for a person to live for 100 yearsC) few people could live for 100 yearsD) many people could live for 100 yearsSection B (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions.For questions 11-17, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 18-20, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.What Do Dogs and Cats Bring to Us?Man’s best friend is helping reform young offenders and along with cats, research shows, giving owners better health.∙Unwanted dogs bring criminals to heelFor a project designed to fight recidivism（累犯）（among some of the worst young offenders in the United States）, it has a somewhat unexpected title. Project Pooch is not the sort of name destined to make children sleep easier in their beds at night.The project gives juvenile murderers, rapists and armed robbers a badly behaved dog to look after and see if it improves their behaviour.The project at Oregon’s MacLaren youth correctional facility has had a 100% success rate in cutting reoffending. In the period studied, between 1993 and 1999, around 100 young offenders aged between 18 and 24 cared for wayward dogs. So far, not one is back behind bars.“I’m really pleased with the success, but I’m not altogether surprised,” said Joan Dalton, who runs Project Pooch. “These were kids who had never had any responsibility and we were taking them and saying, ‘hey, this is something you're in charge of, something you’re responsible for’.” Project Pooch takes in dogs from local dog shelters that have behavioral problems, such as aggressiveness or excessive barking. They are then paired off with young offenders, most of whom have been convicted of serious crimes such as murder and sexual assault.The young offenders have to look after the dogs seven days a week, feed them, walk them, and take them through obedience（顺从）training, until they can be given to families who are looking for a dog.“I think the project works because the kids see the effect the bad behaviour of the dog has on them and it allows them to see the effect their bad b ehaviour has on others,” said Mrs Dalton. “You could really see the change in the kids, and that has obviously carried through when they left the correctional facility.”At the 10th International Conference on Human-Animal Interactions in Glasgow, Mrs Dalton said she hoped the project would be extended to other correctional institutions across the US. “But funding is a big problem,” she added.It is not, however, merely young offenders who benefit from having a dog ---- everyone does. ∙Pets make owners healthierAccording to research unveiled at the conference, pet owners visit their doctors between 15% and 20% less than people who do not own animals. In a study carried out among 11,000 people in Germany, 2,000 people in Australia and 1,000 people in China, researchers discovered that even after things like gender and income were taken into account, pet owners visited their doctors 8% less.“This is the first time a study has been done where people have been repeatedly interviewed and it has really been shown conclusively that pet owners have better health than non-pet owners,” said Bruce Headey, from the University of Melbourne. “I don’t think you can give any singlereason why pet owners live longer, but I think companionship has a lot to do with it.”For people intending to prolong their life by buying a goldfish, however, there is a note of caution: the study only shows conclusively that owning a cat or a dog helps cut visits to the doctor. But anyone taking the trouble to look after a dog who does fall seriously ill may find another benefit to pet ownership.A study in the US on people who suffered heart attacks, revealed that pet owners are up to four times more likely to survive than non-pet owners.Erika Friedman, from the University of Maryland, said that in her study dog owners had a surprisingly high survival rate compared with non-pet owners.“There are a number of studies which show that in a moderately stressful situation pets can lower your stress responses,” she said.“We think this c arries over into everyday life and, for dog owners, their pet can help them stay alive after a heart attack.”But it is not just dogs that relieve stress. In a more anecdotal UK survey carried out on 500 cat owners aged over 55 by the charity Cats Protection, most cat owners said their pet helped them overcome stress and loneliness.Perhaps more worryingly, some 75% of cat owners questioned said they preferred cats to humans.Dennis Turner, president of the conference, said the research unveiled yesterday revealed the dependency between pet owners and their pets. “The human-animal bond has indeed come of age,” he said.Animal magic· Forget spending money on unused vitamin supplements and energy on unwanted gym visits, the secret to better health is pet ---- or specifically cat and dog ---- ownership. The average pet owner visits their doctor 20% less than non-pet owners.·In the event of a cardiac arrest, it probably pays to call the pet shop shortly after the emergency services. Dog owners are four times more likely to stay alive following a heart attack than those who live a life without man’s best friend.· In a survey destined to do nothing to reverse clichés about who owns cats, cat owners aged over 55 said their pets alleviate loneliness and make them feel less stressed. So enamoured by their feline friends are the cat owners that 75% prefer their company to humans.11.Project Pooch aims to help juvenile reoffenders and brings peace to the troubledneighborhoods.12.The dogs in the project Pooch are brought in by their owners and would be returned to theowners after the training.13.The Project Pooch has brought a sense of responsibility to the kids who paired with thewayward dogs.14.Projects like “Project Pooch” research on the interaction betw een Human beings and Animals.15.According to the research, because of the companionship brought out by pet-raising, petowners are less likely to go to hospital.16.Pet can save owner who suffer from heart attacks and lower the owner’s stress respon ses.17.The writer doesn’t think it is good for the pet owners to prefer only pets as their lifecompanions.18.is a big problem for projects like “Pooh” to be carried out in thecorrectional institutions in United States.19.There isn’t any speci fic reason why pets can or save the owners’ lives, butcompanionship has contributed a lot to it.20.When one is diagnosed of cardiac diseases, it is suggested to call the pet shop because dogowners are four times more likely to after a heart attack than those without dogs.11. NG 12. N 13. Y 14. Y15. Y 16. Y 17. Y18. Funding19. prolong20. stay alivePart II Short Answer Questions (2 points each, 10 points)Directions:In this section there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage and answer the questions briefly.Britain’s legal system, long known for Latin tongue-twisting phrases and slow delivery of justice, started a brave new world of plain English this month.In the biggest shakeup for the legal system in a century, civil cases will come to court as a last resort and lawyers will have to use approved contemporary phrases instead of ancient Latin expressions. Lawyers will also be punished with fines for arguing over minor points while judges will have to keep strict deadlines. Lawyers said the new reform package would benefit the profession by speeding up legal process and cutting costs.But the lawyers dismissed the removal of Latin expressions from their vocabulary as unnecessary. “I deliberately learned Latin at school to help me at the Bar,” said one lawyer who declined to be named. “At least they haven’t ruled out ‘carborundum illegitimi’,: he added, a Latin expression thought to originate in the 1940s and meaning “don’t let them grind you down.”“Some of the terminology (to replace the Latin) is patronizing(照顾，惠顾) in the extreme,”said one London lawyer. “To substitute nine words where originally two would have been used is patronizing to the public,” he added.To help simplify the language for “plaintiffs (people who are bringing a claim to court),”Latin expressions such as “in camera”, which means in private, will come under the axe. Other phrases to return to history include “ex parte”(without notice) and an “Anton Piller order”–named after a case involving a German company in the mid-1970s -- becomes simply a search order. “The reforms are to make justice simpler and more accessible,”a spokeswoman for Britain’s chief judicial officer, the Lord Chancellor said.To the relief of many traditionalists, however, one part of Britain’s legal system will remain unchanged for now at least – the white horsehair wig.21.What is the reform of Britain’s legal system?____________________________________________________________________.22. What are the benefits of the reform?____________________________________________________________________.23. What does phrase “come under the axe” (paragraph 4, sentence 1) mean?____________________________________________________________________.24. What will not be changed in this reform?____________________________________________________________________.25. What is the main topic of this passage?____________________________________________________________________.测试习题集-第192页::21. Some of the ancient Latin expressions will not be used in court.22. To speed up legal process and cut cost.23. To be removed.24. The lawyers will still wear the white horsehair wig.25. British Courts choose plain English.Part III Translation (50 points)A.From English to Chinese (30%)1 The lock is the new symbol of America. For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected; it does not occur to us to ask ourselves: Why has this happened? Why are we having to braaicade ourselves against our neighbors ans fellow citizns, and when, exactly, did this start to take over our lives?We trust no one. We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we all outsmarted ourselves. We may have locked the evils out, but in doing so we have blocked ourselves in.That may be the legacy we remember best when we look back on this age: In dealing with the unseen horrors among us, we became prisoners of ourselves. All of us prisoners, in this time of our troubles.锁成了美国的新的象征。