工程硕士研究生英语A卷

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程(英译汉Unit1-15)Unit 1A.1.Two noted Americans explain why it’s not what you earn-it’s what you learn.两位美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所学的更重要。

2.I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I couldn’t be outworked.我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。

3.Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。

4. I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup ideas.我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的点子。

5. I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.结果我创下了化妆品销售量的最好成绩。

Unit2A.1. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the extremely fast speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second.要用鼠标点一下，在地球另一端的信息马上就会以每秒钟绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。

English Qualification Examination PaperFor the Postgraduates of Information Engineering UniversityPaper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 25 points)Section 1:Directions: In this section, you are going to listen to an IT professional discussing the dangers of the internet. Before you listen, look at questions one to ten. The conversation will be read only once.Questions 1--7Complete the table below. Write no more than three words for each answer.Questions 8--10Choose the correct letters A-C.8. What do email service providers do to protect you?A. issue expensive phone billsB. provide filter functionsC. provide an identity9. How do offenders avoid detection?A. They take a lot from many people.B. They take a little from one person.C. They take a little from many people.10. Who can you seek for assistance?A. the victimsB. institutions and organizationsC. an internet officeSection 2: PassagesDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage 111. A. How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds.B. The differences between a baby’s and an adult’s ability to comprehend language.C. How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their early stages of languagedevelopment.D. The response of a baby to sounds other than the human voice.12. A. To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds.B. To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry.C. To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds.D. To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like.13. A. Babies who are exposed to more than one language can acquire language earlier than thoseto a single language.B. Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in a similar way.C. The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.D. Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending their parents’ language.14. A. They understand the rhythm.B. They enjoy the sounds of them.C. They can remember them easily.D. They focus on their parents’ work.Passage 215. A. The new system the immigration office hasB. The tips for applicants to line upC. The information immigrants have to provideD. The procedure applicants have to obey16. A. They are scared of the thieves.B. They are more careful than before.C. They are afraid of being sent back home.D. There are no thieves now.17. A. They start lining up outside the building at 6:00 p.m.B. They can finish their application in an hour.C. They have to make an appointment 15 minutes before.D. 40 applicants can be processed in an hour.Passage 318. A. It won’t have any side-effectB. It can be as effective as conventional treatmentsC. It can kill drug-resistant tumoursD. It can stop cancer cells from spreading in the body19. A. How to strengthen the body’s immune systemB. How to inject viruses directly into tumoursC. How to allow viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs doD. How to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours effectively20. A. To use it to cure 75% of the patients with malignant cancersB. To apply it to treat all kinds of cancersC. To make it accepted by the patients with incurable cancersD. To apply it to those with secondary cancersSection 3: Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.From a personal 21. _______, to doing searches on the Internet, to the autopilot function, simple artificial intelligence, or AI, has been around for some time, but is quickly getting more 22. _______ and more intelligent.“If we are going to make systems that are going to be more intelligent than us, it’s absolutely essential for us to understand how to absolutely 23. _______ that they only do things that we are happy with.”Computer science professor Stuart Russell says, many present-day jobs that are labor 24. _______, or require data analysis, such as in the financial industry, will be replaced by machines with artificial intelligence.“But if we replaced all the jobs that require human physical labor and then we replace all the jobs that require human mental labor, then you have to ask about what, what’s left?”Guruduth Banavar of IBM sees a future in which new jobs skills will be 25. _______.“The future will require everybody to work with these learning reasoning machines. So I think the skill set for many of these jobs will end up being different in the future.”Russell envisions that AI will change the economy and the 26. _______life.“Most people will be employed, possibly even self-employed, in providing 27. _______ personal services to other human beings, that we won’t have mass employment in manufacturing or in financial services. The kinds of scenarios where there is a giant factory or a giant office building with thousands of people doing the same thing will go away.”Artificial intelligence is already transforming the health care industry. AI can process huge 28. _______ data and have the most up-to-date research to help doctors diagnose and treat patients. IBM’s Watson 29. _______________________________________________________ in North and South America, Europe and Asia.“The difference between going to a doctor who has Wats on versus not having Watson is very big, because when you go to a doctor today you might find somebody who is 10 years out of date.”But there is also a dangerous side of artificial intelligence-autonomous weapons out of drone technology .“The risk with a utonomous weapons is that people will use them as a kind of poor man’s weapon of mass destruction-a poor man’s nuclear weapon.”Russell says 30. _______________________________________________ to ban this type of weapon.“It is a race against time because the weapons are starting to emerge, the research is moving into development, development is moving into production.”While it is up for debate whether artificial intelligence will hurt or benefit mankind, researchers say, it is a fact that 31. __________________________________________________ many aspects of life.Part II Reading Comprehension (25 minutes, 15 points)AI-spyARTIFICIAL intelligence (AI) is barging its way into business. As our special report this week explains, firms of all types are harnessing AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. In 2017 companies spent around $22bn on AI related mergers and acquisitions, about 26 times more than in 2015. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank, reckons that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value, including profits and efficiencies, of $2.7trn over the next 20 years. Google’s boss has gone so far as to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fire or electricity.Such forecasts kindle anxiety as well as hope. Many fret that AI could destroy jobs faster than it creates them. Barriers to entry from owning and generating data could lead to a handful of dominant firms in every industry.Less familiar, but just as important, is how AI will transform the workplace. Using AI, managers can gain extraordinary control over their employees. Amazon has patented a wristband that tracks the hand movements of warehouse workers and uses vibrations to make them more efficient. Workday, a software firm, sums up around 60 factors to predict which employees will leave. Humanyze, a startup, sells smart ID cards that can track employees around the office and reveal how well they interact with colleagues.Surveillance at work is nothing new. Factory workers have long clocked in and out; bosses can already see what idle workers do on their computers. But AI makes surveillance worthwhile, because every bit of data is potentially valuable. Few laws govern how data are collected at work, and many employees unguardedly consent to surveillance when they sign their employment contract. Where does all this lead?Start with the benefits. AI ought to improve productivity. Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks. Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving.Employees will gain, too. Thanks to strides in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety gear and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That starts with hiring. People often have biases but algorithms, if designed correctly, can be more impartial. Software can mark patterns that people might miss. Textio, a startup that uses AI to improve job descriptions, has found that women are likelier to respond to a job that mentions “developing” a team rather than “managing” one. Algor ithms will pick up differences in pay between genders and races, as well as sexual harassment and racism that human managers consciously or unconsciously overlook.Yet AI’s benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms may not be free of the biases of their programmers. They can also have unintended consequences. The length of a commute may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may inadvertently harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity.And surveillance may make us feel being controlled. People have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives. Companies are starting to monitor how much time employees spend on breaks. Veriato, a software firm, goes so far as to track and log every keystroke employees make on their computers in order to judge how committed they are to their company. Firms can use AI to sift through not just employ ees’ professional communications but their social-media profiles, too.Some people are better placed than others to stop employers going too far. If your skills are in demand, you are more likely to be able to resist than if you are easy to replace. Paid-by-the-hour workers in low-wage industries such as retailing will be especially vulnerable. That could fuel a revival of labour unions seeking to represent employees’ interests and to set norms. Even then, the choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.As regulators and employers weigh the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to guide its spread. First, data should be anonymised where possible. Microsoft, for example, has a product that shows individuals how they manage their time in the office, but gives managers information only in aggregated form. Second, the use of AI ought to be transparent. Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their work places and which data are being gathered. As a matter of routine, algorithms used by firms to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintended consequences. Last, countries should let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wishing to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers.The march of AI into the workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer, more productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it restricts and dehumanizes employees. Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt, and a strong dose of humanity.Section A: Questions 32-36 (5×1=5 points)Directions: Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In blanks 32-36 on your answer sheet, chooseA for TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.B for FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.C for NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.32.Google’s boss has gone too far to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fi re orelectricity.33.People are worried that with the development of AI, every industry will be controlled by onlya few companies because obstacles exist in owning and generating data.34.Many employees disagree with the surveillance when they sign their employment contract.35.Algorithms, if designed correctly, can entirely avoid biases in workplace.bour unions seeking to represent employe es’ inte rests oppose the application of AI inworkplace.Section B: Questions 37-44 (8×1=8 points)Directions: Complete the summary below. Write ONE WORD ONL Y from the passage for each blank. Write your answers in blanks 37-44 on your answer sheet.37.Predictions on AI brought us not only _______, but also hope.38.__________ at work has existed for a long time. For example, time recorders are widely usedin factories and offices; workers are observed by their bosses on computers.39.Machines can help ensure _________ in pay rises and promotions if algorithms are designedcorrectly.40.If your skills are not in demand, you will be especially _________, and are less likely to beable to resist the surveillance.41.In ________ the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to be consideredto guide its spread.42.To keep personal privacy, data should be __________ where possible.43.Individuals should be allowed to _______ their own data, no matter they are ex-workers orjobseekers.44.The application of AI in the workplace calls for a _________ between privacy and efficiency.Section C: Question 45 (2 points)Directions: Paraphrase the following sentence. Write your answer in the blank 45 on your answer sheet.45. The choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.______________________________________________________________________________ ———————————————————————————————————————Part III. Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)46.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on the Answer Sheet.A claim more often made by mathematicians is that mathematics is one of the finest flowerings of the human spirit, a temple of enduring knowledge built piece by piece over the ages. But if so it is a temple with few worshipers, unknown to most of humankind. Mathematics plays no role in mass culture, it cannot evoke the emotions and inspire the awe that music and sculpture do, it is not a significant companion in the lives of more than a very few. And yet it is worth asking whether mathematics is essentially remote, or merely poorly communicated. Perhaps it is a remediable ignorance, not an inability that now limits appreciation and enjoyment of mathematics by a wider audience.Section B(20 minutes, 10 points)47.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English. Write your English version on the Answer Sheet.物联网是由物理对象，例如：设备、车辆和建筑等等，连接而成的网络。

2009级硕士研究生学位英语测试试题（精读部分）I. Vocabulary (10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each one is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1. Believe it or not, this popular novel now you see on every shelf was censored only a few years ago.A. officially examined and bannedB. despised by the general publicC. sold out soon after its publicationD. condemned by the critics2. The music of the radio distracted me from my reading.A. engrossedB. confusedC. refrainD. diverted3. High rate of unemployment and violence are deplored by many people.A. condemnedB. convincedC. declaredD. perpetuated4. I have nothing but disdain for such a person.A. respectB. hatredC. dislikeD. contempt5. They feared the plague and regarded it as a deadly scourge.A. punishmentB. illnessC. troubleD. ailment6. The retiring professor was exalted by his colleague.A. criticizedB. honoredC. driven outD. examined7. They found substantial evidence that exposure to nerve gas was responsible for the veterans’symptoms.A. contactB. betrayalC. exhibitionD. publication8. It would be a way of preserving animals that are dying out because their habitat is beingdestroyed.A. mateB. prayC. territoryD. enemy9. The vast crowd burst into spontaneous cheering at ht skillful play.A. earnestB. volcanicC. heartyD. automatic10. The majority of prospective adoptive parents use an adoption agency, while others consultadoption facilitators in the United States.A. confidentB. justifiedC. sensibleD. potentialSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each one is a sentence with something missing. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.11. It is a long time since we’ve been _____________; I hope everything goes as well as lasttime.A. united upB. brought upC. teamed upD. picked up12. In many countries now, smoking is not _____________ in public places.A. permissiveB. permissibleC. permutableD. pernicious13. These demands ______________ the agreements we have reached.A. run away fromB. go against toC. go counter toD. act counter from14. He made a _____________ speech that caused a great deal of argument.A. successfulB. touchingC. provocativeD. hostile15. He seems purposefully to _____________ the importance of the deal.A. look downB. ignoreC. overlookD. play down16. I can’t understand the ______________ of anyone who would do a terrible thing like that.A. mentalityB. powerC. intelligenceD. function17. Because of ________________ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting alongwith each other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible18. New York probably has the largest number of different language _____________ in theworld.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies19. As ____________ China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of20. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ____________ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn upII. Reading Comprehension (10 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are two short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to the near death’s door at the turn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21st century. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageing treatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue that living longer is an attractive idea, the rapid increase in the number of years begs a question: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. In the 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for every increased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. What we would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medical science couldn’t prevent.But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1900s with the publication of a study by researchers at Duke University, who had been following the health of 20,000 people for almosta decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not only dropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.Arlan Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevity research, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and other genetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give people several extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and it will live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to be physiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases. “From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the range of 15-30% maximum,”says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch in an animal’s behavior from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing are temporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal’s behavior switches back.Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a “little bit silly” at the moment but doesn’t dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related to ageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating your greens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep it going for longer with high quality maintenance. “It’ll be the difference between a Rolls-Royce and a cheap car.”21. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____A. it is possible to live a longer and healthy life.B. humans can live as long as scientists predict.C. living longer is still considered a good idea.D. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for human.22. In the 1980s, the data on people’s health expectancy____A. gave an optimistic prediction.B. showed an unclear future.C. led to a pessimistic perceptionD. turned out to be a mixed blessing.23. In the lab experiment on rats, __________A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have worked.B. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animal.C. the animals’ lifespan increases with the amount of food eatenD. different amounts of food cause a change in the animals’ behaviour24. Richardson believes that _____A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageing.B. it is worthwhile to talk about stopping ageing.C. stopping ageing is a dream that may come true.D. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing.25. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that ____A. quality life is out of reach for most people.B. quality life can slow down the process of ageing.C. how long one can live depends on the genes one carried.D. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.Passage TwoWeary after centuries of fighting the surging North Sea from gushing into this low-lying nation, the Netherlands is rethinking how to keep Dutch feet dry.The traditional method of stopping flood water has been to build dikes. But at the Second World Water Forum, a five-day conference that was 10 start today in The Hague, Dutch water experts were to explain that the best way to handle the water may be to let it in.In the Netherlands —half of which lies below sea level —the Ministry of Water Management has designated several low-lying regions as "calamity flood plains" that would be used in emergencies to divert floodwaters from populated areas, spokesman Hans Scholten said.Referring to the fable of a Dutch boy named Hans Brinker who saved the nation from disaster by plugging a hole in the sea barrier. Undersecretary for Water Management Monique de Vries said: "Hans Brinker will have to take his finger out of the dike and pull on his galoshes."Although the country has built dikes and reclaimed land since the Middle Ages, repeatedflooding of farmland in recent years and high maintenance costs have led to a rethinking about the old methods."Sometimes it doesn't make sense to ignore the processes of nature," said Bert Blase, spokesman for an association of regional water boards. "Hooding certain nature reserve areas every few years would be good for the environment."Pan of the plan involves widening river beds to allow larger volumes of water to How to the sea. Although it is still unclear how much land could eventually be allocated to the project — some inhabitants would have to be relocated — large areas of the eastern Dutch province of Gclderland have been labeled as suitable.While flooding is a serious threat to die Dutch, global warming could expose many more in this country of 15 million to drought and water pollution if governments do not take drastic measures, conference organizers have warned.More than 3.500 delegates from 150 countries will attend the conference, the follow-up to the first global water congress, which was held in Marrakech, Morocco, two years ago.With one-sixth of the world's population lacking clean drinking water, forum organizers have called for annual global spending on water problems to be more than doubled from about $70 billion or $80 billion to $180 billion.In the closing stages of the conference, ministers from more than 100 countries will meet to discuss sustainable water for the world's growing population and farmers who grow crops for mass consumption.26. What is the new idea the experts put forward to keep Dutch feet dry?A. To build more powerful damsB. To let the sea water in the insideC. To ignore the process of natureD. To flood certain nature reserves27. Hans Brinker is known as a national hero________.A. in Dutch history who succeeded in diverting floodwater from the populated areasB. who look his finger out of the dike and built a sea barrierC. who pulled his finger on his galoshes and saved the nation from being drownedD. a legend who saved the nation by stopping the sea flood in28. Which of the following is NOT included in the forth-coming Dutch project in saving the nation from possible sea floods?A. To designate some low-lying regions as "calamity flood plains".B. To let the sea flood certain nature reserve areas every few years.C. To broaden some river beds to allow more river water to flow to the sea.D. To expose many more areas of the country to drought or flood.29. All the following are the topics to be discussed in the Second World Water ForumEXCEPT________.A. how to divert floodwaters from the populated areas of HollandB. how to reduce water pollution and provide more healthy drinking water for the growingpopulationC. how to help farmers to keep on the sustainable agriculture by watering their crops timelyD. how to take measures to slow down the ever-accelerating global warming-up tendency30. The best way to paraphrase the sentence "Sometimes it doesn't make sense to ignore theprocess of nature" is_________.A. Sometimes it's no use ignoring the process of natureB. In some cases man can and must neglect the law of natureC. It would often be harmful for Man to go against the process of natureD. Man must always follow the way of how things are going onIII. Translation (20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into Chinese.Perhaps it’s not quite right to call the iPhone revolutionary. It won’t create a new market or change the entertainment industry the way the iPod did. When you get right down to it, thedevice doesn’t even have that many new features –it’s not like Jobs invented voice mail, or text messaging, or conference calling or mobile Web browsing. He just noticed that they were broken, and he fixed them.Section B (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into English.没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想象的。

硕士研究生英语学位真题2016年12月(A)(总分：99.15，做题时间：150分钟)一、PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：9，分数：9.00)（分数：5.00）A.There are many gas stations.B.There are few gas stations.C.There are various risks.D.There are few cars on the road.（分数：4.00）A.She doesn't trust the man.B.She needs the man's help.C.The man is trust-worthy.D.The man is late for school.三、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Mini-talk One(总题数：3，分数：3.00)（分数：3.00）A.In designing a perfect school curriculum.B.In promoting the physical health of kids.C.In reading classical literary works.D.In the intellectual development of kids.五、Mini-talk Two(总题数：3，分数：3.00)（分数：3.00）A.36%.B.60%.C.83%.D.90%.六、Section C(总题数：5，分数：5.00)(1). You should look for day care centers that provide..., along with a safe and 1 (2 words).（分数：0.83）填空项1:__________________(2). You want your child to be happy and comfortable, which is your 1 (2 words).（分数：0.83）填空项1:__________________(3). ...any good day care center is going to encourage 1 (2 words) between the children.（分数：0.83）填空项1:__________________(4). Whatever your option, 1 (2 words) that you know who you are leaving your child with.（分数：0.83）填空项1:__________________(5). Once you have done all this, you can feel more 1 (3 words) in knowing that....（分数：0.83）填空项1:__________________七、PART Ⅱ VOCABULARY(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：10，分数：5.00)5. Studies on cats have helped illuminate some of the abilities of our mysterious housemates.（分数：0.50）A.lightenB.obscureC.explainD.cherish6. The application of renewable sources of energy can be optimized through sophisticated analytics.（分数：0.50）A.conventionalB.expensiveC.exhaustiveD.advanced7. Lung cancer is the UK's biggest cancer killer, claiming more than 35,000 lives a year.（分数：0.50）A.savingB.takingC.demandingD.producing8. This girl has acquired an intense desire to study medicine in order to become a clinical doctor.（分数：0.50）A.strongB.sharpC.shrewdD.shrinking9. World peace requires that the UN resolutions have to be carried out in a strict manner.（分数：0.50）A.behaviorB.fashionC.aspectD.politeness10. The government of China has been backing up the resumption of the six-party talk on DPRK.（分数：0.50）A.relocatingB.condemningC.supportingD.pledging11. Some stereotypes of the Chinese persist in the United States because of the large number of negative reports.（分数：0.50）A.endureB.vanishC.insistD.deteriorate12. Most of the third-year students in our laboratory are occupied with experiments.（分数：0.50）A.are bored withB.are crazy aboutC.are busy withD.are casual about13. The girl spoke at length about her experiences as a volunteer teacher at a high school in Yunnan Province.（分数：0.50）A.at randomB.in detailC.at lastD.for sure14. After the marathon race, some athletes are too fatigued to answer the reporter's questions.（分数：0.50）A.wiped outB.figured outid outD.worn out九、Section B(总题数：10，分数：5.00)15. Treatments that ______ the immune system have shown great promise against some forms of cancer.（分数：0.50）A.proceedB.erodeC.harnessD.precede16. A year ago there were slightly more ______ than jobseekers, but now there are twice as many openings.（分数：0.50）A.vacuumsB.vacanciesC.vacationsD.vocations17. Dogs seem to experience separation anxiety, which also indicates that they feel ______ to their owners.（分数：0.50）A.hostilityB.objectionC.relianceD.attachment18. Previous research has shown that there are immediate ______ benefits from eating chocolate.（分数：0.50）A.cognitiveB.imaginativeC.creativepetitive19. A discovery into the genetic makeup of tumors may deliver therapies that are ______ to individual patients.（分数：0.50）A.entitledB.affiliatedC.tailoredD.obliged20. A major obstacle ______ English learning is the profound influence of the mother tongue.（分数：0.50）A.forB.onC.toD.over21. As the vote will be ______ in favor of the Democratic Party, Hillary Clinton is getting near to the presidency.（分数：0.50）A.deliberatelyB.overwhelminglyC.conscientiouslyD.crudely22. It takes courage to ______ all the opposition to the decision to have these corrupt officials arrested.（分数：0.50）A.break downB.turn downC.let downD.shut down23. One choice has to ______ another when you are making a decision as to which college to attend.（分数：0.50）A.be oriented toB.be indulged inC.be coupled withD.be weighed against24. This company is constantly looking for ways to improve services ______ different customers.（分数：0.50）A.on behalf ofB.in case ofC.by means ofD.with a view to十、PART Ⅲ CLOZE TEST(总题数：10，分数：10.00)Free schools are flourishing in the UK. More than 400 free schools have either opened or been approved to open across England 1 . These schools have been made possible by the hundreds of teachers, parents and charities working in their own time to go through a 2 application process to bring their 3 of a new school tolife. 4 these schools proving so popular, parents and groups continue to come forward in significant numbers to set them up. The government's commitment to expand the program with another new 500 schools is 5 a logical next step.Importantly these schools are already making a(n) 6 to the education of thousands of pupils around the country. Over 70% of those inspected have been judged good or outstanding by inspectors, and 7 they are being opened where they are most needed. There are far more free schools in 8 local communities than in wealthy neighborhoods. Obviously free schools can play a role in 9 the current shortage of school places. For free schools to continue to have the biggest impact, they must be allowed to bring in new ideas and challenge existing schools in areas where low 10 have been accepted for far too long.（分数：10.00）A.by farB.so farC.in turnD.at first十一、PART Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Passage One(总题数：6，分数：6.00)The death of Harambe, the endangered lowland gorilla (大猩猩) shot at the Cincinnati Zoo after a 4-year-old crawled through a barrier and fell into his enclosure, was a shocking event. After such a tragedy, it seems someone must be blamed, but fingers are pointed in the wrong direction.Many in the animal protection community suggest that Harambe wasn't a threat to the boy. Gorillas tend not to be aggressive, and if Harambe wanted to hurt the child, he could have done so immediately, not after playing with this curious creature for 10 minutes.Did the gorilla care staff do enough to separate Harambe from the child? If they could lure the female gorillas away, why not Harambe? Some activists are calling the killing of Harambe an act of cowardice by incompetent zoo employees. Others are arguing that the boy's mother is to blame. How could she let her child fall into a wild-animal enclosure? How long did she let her child wander unsupervised before he got through the barriers? Some people suggest that she be deemed legally negligent and charged with causing the death of an endangered animal.For me, the real question is not who to blame, but why anyone was in a situation in which they had to make a choice between the life of a human child and the life of an endangered teenage gorilla. Keeping wild animals in captivity is detrimental to their health. This tragic choice arose only because we keep animals in zoos. So why have zoos?One of the reasons often given is that zoos protect endangered wild animals. A few zoos, including the Cincinnati Zoo, do fund conservation efforts that are praiseworthy, but captive animals, especially large mammals born in captivity, like Harambe, cannot be "returned to the wild." These sensitive, smart, long-lived gorillas are destined to remain confined, never to experience the freedom of the wild. They are, at best, symbols meant to represent their wild counterparts. Zoos distort our understanding of these wonderful beings and perpetuate the notion that they are here for our purposes.If we really need someone to blame, maybe we should look at our society, which supports these types of institutions of captivity. If zoos were more like shelters where captive animals are treated with respect, free from screaming crowds and external dangers, no one would have had to decide to kill Harambe. Kids could see gorillas in cinemas, where their curiosity could be safely satisfied.Many of the animal conservationists believe that Harambe ______.（分数：6.00）A.should have lived in the wildB.posed a threat to the boy's lifeC.should not have been killedD.was not interested in this boy十三、Passage Two(总题数：6，分数：6.00)Julie Lythcott-Haims noticed a disturbing trend during her decade as the former dean of freshmen at Stanford University. Incoming students were brilliant and accomplished and virtually flawless, on paper. But with each year, more of them seemed incapable of taking care of themselves.At the same time, parents were becoming increasingly involved in their children's lives. They talked to their children multiple times a day and rushed in to personally intervene whenever something difficult happened.Lythcott-Haims came to believe that parents in wealthy communities have been hindering their children by trying so hard to protect the children from any disappointment, failure and hardship. Such "over-helping" might assist children in developing impressive résumés for college applications, but it also deprives them of the chance to learn who they are, what they love and how to navigate the world, she argues in her book."We want so badly to help them by shepherding them from milestone to milestone and by shielding them from failure and pain. But over-helping is devastating," she writes. "It can leave young adults without the strengths of skill, will and character that are needed to know themselves and to craft a life.""Don't call me a parenting expert," she said in an interview. "I'm interested in humans' thriving, and it turns out that over-parenting is getting in the way."She cites statistics on the rise of depression and other mental health problems among the young people. She has seen the effects up close: she lives in a community that, following a string of suicides in the past year, has undertaken a period of soul-searching about what parents can do to stem the pressure that young people face.Her book tour is taking her to more school auditoriums and parent groups than bookstores. She tells stories about over-involvement and shares statistics about problems in young people, which she hopes will spark change incommunities where helicopter parents are making themselves and their children miserable."Our job as a parent is to put ourselves out of a job," she said. "We need to know that our children are able to get up in the morning and take care of themselves."And how can parents help their children become serf-sufficient? Teach them the skills they'll need in real life and make sure they practice those skills on their own. And have them do chores. "Chores build a sense of accountability. They build life skills and a work ethic," she said.According to this passage, many students failed to take care of themselves ______.（分数：6.00）A.because of excessive school assignmentsB.due to low IQ and limited book knowledgeC.for lack of skills needed in real lifeD.for lack of care and love from parents十四、Passage Three(总题数：6，分数：6.00)Teams have become the basic building—blocks of organizations. Recruitment ads routinely call for "team players". Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team-building. Numerous companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on it, and restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.Companies are abandoning functional silos and organizing employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers, with more power to run their own affairs and more time to work with each other rather than reporting upwards. A network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy.However, teams are not always the answer—teams may provide more insight, creativity and knowledge, but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.It is noted that teams are hindered by problems of coordination and motivation that erode the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Groupthink may be unavoidable. Less than 10% of the supposed members agree on who exactly is on the team. Agreeing on its purpose is harder.Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: 73% of the incidents in a civil-aviation database occurred on a crew's first day of flying together.Companies need to think harder about managing teams to keep teams small and focused. A new study finds that the best way to ensure employees are "engaged" is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.However, organizations need to ask themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel capable of building cross-functional teams. Slackly managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction—employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.It can be concluded from the first paragraph that ______.（分数：6.00）A.team players can easily enter better collegesB.team building will probably be short-livedC.team-building is getting increasingly popularD.team players are likely to be business leaders十五、Passage Four(总题数：6，分数：6.00)On the surface, shopping online seems environmentally friendly: it eliminates car trips and carbon emissions. But what about the emissions from fleets of delivery vehicles bringing orders to houses? Delivery trucks also contributesubstantially to the burden of PM2.5, which is associated with many effects on human health.Researchers recently conducted a survey of downtown Newark residents' shopping habits and preferences to calculate the quantity of goods purchased online. They also used the information from delivery companies about the number of trucks on the road and the number of packages per truck to determine how many delivery trucks are required to distribute home shopping purchases. Finally, the researchers used transportation simulation software and data from local transportation authorities to determine the effect of delivery trucks on the transportation network, focusing on an area of downtown Newark that includes a portion of the university's campus. They conducted similar analyses in 2001, at the dawn of the online shopping era, and again in 2008.Curiously, the 2008 data suggested that home shopping in Newark had grown by only 14.8% since 2001. That's much less than the researchers predicted in their earlier study. It also contrasts with data from other researchers showing that Internet shopping increased six-fold between 2001 and 2011.This is an unexpected finding. However, a large proportion of their survey respondents were university students, and the convenience of Internet shopping may appeal more to people who are running a household. Also, the researchers' latest data are from 2008, which suggests that their study underestimates the effect of home shopping on the transportation network.In any case, the researchers found that even though home shopping by residents of Newark grew more slowly than anticipated, traffic in 2008 was worse than they had predicted, for more home shopping purchases increase travel time, traffic delays, and vehicle emissions of the transportation network.While some previous studies suggest that e-commerce is associated with lower carbon emissions than traditional retail, other researchers have warned of a "rebound effect," which occurs when gains in efficiency merely stimulate new consumption. Something similar may be going on in Newark, the results suggest."We found that the total number of vehicles miles travelled hasn't decreased at all with the growth of online shopping," says study leader Arde Faghri. "This suggests that people are using the time saved by Internet shopping to do things like eating out at restaurants, going to the movies, or visiting friends."According to the first paragraph, the author ______.（分数：6.00）A.doubts the environmental friendliness of online shoppingB.believes in the benefit of online shopping to the environmentC.insists that delivery trucks can reduce the emission of PM2.5D.associates online shopping with better human health十六、Passage Five(总题数：6，分数：6.00)Everyone in the UK seems to agree that recorded crime is decreasing. This is one of the arguments the government is using to justify its savage cuts in police budgets. All we have to do now is to get the police more efficient—working smarter, making better use of IT. Reduction in crime means we don't need so many police officers.This belief is based on a false premise. Recorded crime is declining, but that's largely due to the fact that crime has moved from the physical world to cyberspace or the Internet: cybercrime is much safer and more appealing. The rewards are much greater, and the risks of being caught and convicted are vanishingly small. So if you're a rational criminal with a reasonable IQ, why would you bother robbing people, breaking into houses, stealing cars and doing all the other things that old- style crooks do—and that old-style cops are good at catching them doing?Each senior police officer believes that cybercrime has been at alarming levels but none seems confident that our law enforcement system can deal with it. These views are supported by the experiences of the 5% of UK Internet users who have been the victims of various cybercrime; they report a variety of responses—almost none of them helpful—from the local police forces to whom they turn for help.One good reason is that the criminals are hard to identify or turn out to be operating abroad. Other reasons include bureaucratic inertia, lack of technical knowledge and a shortage of resources, which means that cybercrime receives lower priority than other, more urgent, responsibilities. Or simply the fact that officers often don't take it seriously.It's exceedingly difficult to measure accurately, for a variety of reasons—the spectrum of wrongdoing, the fact that much of it is under-reported and widely distributed, and the high cost that includes not only the actual damage done, but the costs of self-protection and the costs of clearing up after an attack. And then there are the opportunity costs: for example, security software used by online merchants typically rejects 4.3% of orders out of fear of fraud, even thoughmany of those potential orders are in fact genuine.The reality we face is that cybercrime is vast and flourishing. But do not expect to hear much about it in the election. What we actually need are more policemen on the net.Police budgets will be cut down in the UK because of the belief that ______.（分数：6.00）A.recorded crime is decliningB.the police will become more efficientC.high-technology will be usedD.cybercrime cases need fewer police officers十七、PAPER TWO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)31. At any elementary school in China's metropolises, you will find numerous kids who wear glasses. Undesirable reading habits and chronic exposure to screens not only account for the higher incidence of nearsightedness, but take a heavy toll on the well-being of kids. Kids who are lost in the virtual world are more vulnerable to overweight, whose grades are bound to suffer. The appeal of digital gadgets, such as cell phones or smartphones, seems so irresistible that keeping oneself unplugged for a single day is virtually out of the question. While we are enjoying the benefits of modern conveniences, we are also having some basic necessities of life deprived, including peace of mind and a robust body.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________十九、Section B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)32. 尽管录取标准不同，但中国大多数研究生院的学生人数多得惊人。

工程硕士研究生英语试题I Multiple choiceDirections: In this part, there are 20 sentences. After each sentences there are four choices, and you should decide on the best choice.1 I’m expecting________ an answer to my letter.A toB forC ofD -2 Mary didn’t pass her exam. We agree it was_______.A rather difficultB too easyC same ratherD very different3 We are trying to________ the meeting________ this afternoon.A reschedule, forB reschedule, toC reschedule, inD rescheduling, for4 Which of the letters_______ in our advertisement?A we should useB should use weC should we useD we use5 The components are being sent to Sydney by air and they’ll _____from the airport by our agent.A collectB have collectedC be collectedD collected6 The company can certainly________ the client________ these goods at very good prices.A supply, withB with supply, inC ask, forD get, to7 It is too early to________ for flight A727.A checkB check outC haveD check in8 One of the factors we should_______ consideration is the size of the market.A take intoB takeC take inD take to9 Y ou can’t _______ the Great Hotel for a whole week.A stay atB staying atC forD at10 He is responsible_______ receiving visitors.A toB ofC forD at11There is so much to see in Beijing _________ alone that every tourist complains of lack of time.A onlyB soC itselfD alone12 I have _______ to meet a tourist who can stand a whole Chinese opera.A alreadyB yetC notD never13 How to talk to a Martian is rather a (an) ________ question.A sophisticatedB appropriateC historicD academic14 The shortage of food caused widespread ___________ in that area.A disasterB investigationC unhappinessD compensation15 The Party enjoys immense ___________ among the masses.A propagandaB sympathyC authorityD conscience16 _____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A If I realizedB Had I realizedC Did I have realized thatD As I realized17 Tom said that he would n’t mind __________.A to wait for usB waiting for usC wait for usD for waiting us18 _______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.A Little they realizeB They little do realizeC Little realize do theyD Little do they realize19 The chemistry class _______ for five minutes when we hurried there.A had been onB was onC has been onD would be on20 John suggested ________ anything about it until they found out more facts.A not to sayB saying notC to say notD not sayingII Fill in the blanksDirections: Choose the correct word to fit into each sentence, using the proper form.trend career access favourable superioity result from put in perspective turn into load1 In this competitive world, it is better for any firm to gain technology .2 His failure _______ not working hard enough.3 Students must have _______ to good books.4 There is an obvious that young people like less formal clothing.5 We should look at these events which happened two hundred years ago from their historical .6 The truck was carrying a of bananas.7 All the buildings had been ______ hospitals.8 My grandfather was a teacher; it’s the only job he’d ever done.9 The movie received generally reviews.10 Thank you for all the time and effort you .III Complete the following sentences with the missing prepositions or adverbs.1 Tonight’s program focuses ____ homelessness.2 As _____ happiness itself, this is large your decision to make.3 This Net refers the computer network of satellites, optic fibers, and telephone lines that connect the whole world.4 According to the author’s opinion, Internet shopping belongs the first aspect.5 We dreamed _____ buying our own house.6 As the Net pushes the economy rapidly, the economy is also bringing the Net market forward.7 How much you get paid is dependent ______ how much you produce.8 The development of e-commerce may well bring the world a brand new era of “electronic currency”.9 The developing countries have to compete _____ the developed for world market.10 Such things _____ silver and gold are incomparable with love.IV Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part, there are four passages. After each passage there are five questions with four choices for each. Choose the best one for each question.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passageIn the 1960s medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list but so were some po sitive life-changing events like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millionsof Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness”. If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy，the articles said avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom and physical and mental strain.1 The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells us ____.A the way you handle major events may cause stressB what should be done to avoid stressC what kind of event would cause stressD how to cope with sudden changes in life2 The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ____.A widespread concern over its harmful effectsB great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD popular avoidance of stressful jobs3 The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ____.A how much pressure you are underB how positive events can change you lifeC how stressful a major event can beD how you can deal with life-changing events4 Why is “such simplistic advice” in Line 1 Para.3 impossible to follow?A No one can stay on the same job for longB No prescription is effective in relieving stressC People have to get married somedayD You could be missing opportunities as well5 According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ____.A nervous when faced with difficultiesB physically and mentally strainedC more capable of coping with adversityD indifferent toward what happens to themPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passageIt is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of theNavy’s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures. The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second-slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean especially low-frequency ones can often travel thousands of miles.6 The passage is chiefly about ____.A an effort to protect an endangered marine speciesB the civilian use of a military detection system.C the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weaponD a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales7 The underwater listening system was originally designed ____ .A to trace and locate enemy vesselsB to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC to study the movement of ocean currentsD to replace the global radio communications network8 The deep-sea listening system makes use of ____ .A the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under waterB the capability of sound to travel at high speedC the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting soundD low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water9 It can be inferred from the passage that____.A new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whalesB blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening systemC opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technologyD military technology has great potential in civilian use10 Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network﹖A It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.B It has been replaced by a more advanced system.C It became useless to the military after the cold war.D It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Although they are an inexpensive supplier of vitamins, minerals, and high-quality protein, eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol（胆固醇），one of the major causes of heart disease. One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two-thirds of the suggested daily cholesterol limit. This knowledge has caused egg sales to plummet (下降) in recent years which inturn has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular eggs. One alternative is to eat substitute eggs. These egg substitutes are not really eggs, but they look somewhat like eggs when they are cooked. They have the advantage of having lower cholesterol rates, and they can be scrambled or used in baking. One disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for frying, poaching, or boiling. A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of egg, sometimes called designer eggs. These eggs are produced by hens that are fed low-fat diets consisting of ingredients such as canola oil, flax, and rice bran (糠) In spite of their diets, however, these hens produce eggs that contain the sane amount of cholesterol as regular eggs. Yet, the producers of these eggs claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol in humans.Egg producers claim that their product has been portrayed unfairly. They cite scientific studies to back up their claim. And, in fact, studies on the relationship between eggs and human cholesterol levels have brought mixed results. It may be that it is not the type of egg that is the main determinant of cholesterol but the person who is eating the eggs. Some people may be more sensitive to cholesterol derived from food than other people. In fact, there is evidence that certain dietary fats stimulate the body’s production of blood cholesterol. Consequently, while it still makes sense to limit one’s intake of eggs, even designer eggs, it seems that doing this w ithout regulating dietary fat will probably not help reduce the blood cholesterol level.11 The main purpose of this passage is ____.A to inform people about the relationship between eggs and cholesterolB to convince people to eat “designer” eggs and substitutesC to persuade people to that eggs are unhealthy and should not be eatenD to introduce the idea that dietary fat increases the blood cholesterol level12 According to the passage, the cause for changes in the sale of eggs has been _____.A dietary changes in hensB decreased productionC increasing priceD concerns about cholesterol13 According to the passage, one egg yolk contains approximately what fraction of the suggested daily limit for human consumption of cholesterol.A 1/3B 1/2C 2/3D 3/414 The author means by the phrase “mixed results” in the second paragraph that ____.A the results are blendedB the results are inconclusiveC the results are a composite of thingsD the results are mingled together15 According to the passage, egg substitutes cannot be used to make any of the following types of eggs EXCEPT ____.A scrambledB friedC poachedD boiledPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending. If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most----people with rising incomes, stables, or declining incomes. Actually, in the years1947—1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy .If they expect prizes to go down ,they will postpone buying .But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying .One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a ti me of rising prices.” In a few months,” she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we’ll have less to spend on others.”Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked .This is shown by the following typical comment,”I just don’t pay these prices; they are too high.”Traditional assumptions should be investigated carefully, and factors of time and place should be considered. The investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be prices stability. If prices have been stable and people have become accustomed to considering them ‘right ‘and expecting them to remain stable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices with occasional sales or discounts is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology16 The example of the mechanic’s wife is intended to show that in times of rising prices ____.A people with declining income tend to buy lessB people with stable income tend to borrow lessC people with increasing income tend to buy moreD people with money also tend to buy less17 Findings in investigations in Britain indicate ____.A certain factors should be taken into accountB people in Britain behave in the same way as those in AmericaC price stability results from a correct understanding of consumer psychologyD occasional discount and sales are necessary18 According to the passage people tend to buy more when ____.A prices are expected to go upB prices are expected to go downC prices don’t changeD the business policy doesn’t change19 The best title of the passage is ____.A Consumer’s purchasing powerB Relationship between income and purchasing powerC Traditional assumptionsD Studies in consumer behavior20 The word “evoked” in line 19 could best be replaced by ____.A engagedB debilitatedC stimulatedD evolvedIV TranslationA Directions: Put the following English paragraphs into Chinese.1．The job taught me a valuable lesson: that to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a good listener. Today I will carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.2 In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the form. They don’t have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies. If they don’t understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes.3 The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “electronic currency”. With the emergence of an electronic currency, every one of us will be affected.B Directions: Put the following Chinese sentences into English.1 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。

2003年西安交通大学工程硕士英语考试卷（A）Time Limit: 3 hoursPart I: Structure and VocabularyDirections: In this section there are 40 sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to each one.1. It was only when we could n‘t see that island that we realized we‘d been off______ days.[A] direction [B] option [C]route [D] course2. He ______ to the warm welcome given him by sending the general a silvertray.[A] responded [B] replied [C] answered [D] appealed3. I‘m sure that most athletes will ______ of the new rules on drug testing[A] agree [B] condemn [C] confuse [D] approve4. It has been so cold in the region that farming has been ______ most of thetime.[A] beside the question [B] beyond question[C] out of the question [D] in question5. Not ______ with having upset my parents with his rudeness, he then wentand insulted my sister![A] satisfactory [B] satisfying [C] content [D] convenient6. He was still a leading member of the local organization, and so he was much______.[A] looked down on [B] looked back on[C] looked forward to [D] looked up to7. Every 15 minutes, the sun delivers to the earth enough radiant energy to meetall o f man‘s power needs for a(n) ______ year.[A] full [B] lunar [C] solar [D] normal8. It is quite customary in the United States for students and others to ask foradvice about personal matters that in other ______ might be considered only ‗within the family.‘[A] circumstances [B] blocks[C] cultures [D] environments9. Every effort will be made to satisfy your requirements at the earliest date______.[A] practicable [B] practical [C] timely [D] likely10. ______ this large town was a small village.[A] Scarcely [B] Frequently [C] Formally [D] Formerly11. Sarah is very good-looking and I wouldn‘t mind going out with her if shedidn‘t ______ herself so much.[A] think[B] surprise [C] fancy [D] realize12. ______ it is a good thing I did not get the post I had applied for, though Imust admit that I was disappointed at the time.[A] By the way [B] In a way [C] In the way [D] On the way13. We don‘t know of course what the cost of living may be in five years‘ time,but ______ I can see, we‘ll be able to live comfortably enough on our pensions.[A] as far as [B] as a whole [C] on the whole [D] as long as14. Colour-blind people often find it difficult to ______ between blue and green.[A] separate [B] distinguish [C] compare [D] contrast15. These plastic flowers look so ______ that many people think they are real.[A] beautiful [B] comparable [C] natural [D] distinct16. A jet plane is an important means for transportation, which flies faster thansound. ______ it is used for rapid transportation.[A] Constantly [B] Considerably[C] Comparatively [D] Consequently17. Now that we have a higher family ______ we‘ll be able to move to a biggerhouse.[A] wage [B] income [C] earnings [D] salary18. It isn‘t quite ______ that the police will find the people responsible for theattack.[A] certain [B] right [C] sure [D] exact19. She‘s right, ______, because we did agree to wait, b ut only until June.[A] at a loss [B] for the better[C] once in a while [D] in a sense20. On the ______ of those facts, we can reach the following conclusion.[A] basis [B] principle [C] condition [D] theory21. The players are speaking and moving ______ the director‘s instructions.[A] by way of [B] in favor of [C] but for [D] according to22. She is ______ her knowledge of plants again.[A] showing off [B] coming off [C] showing up[D] coming up23. I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and catch the earlytrain to London.[A] could sleep [B] could have slept[C] might sleep [D] might have slept24.He was accompanied by his faithful friend and secretary, Mr. William Minns,______.[A] he never traveled without him [B] without who he never traveled[C] without him he never traveled [D] without whom he never traveled25. Instead of being a useful member of the community ______ he used to be, heis now idling away his time gambling.[A] like [B] similar to [C] as [D] the same as26.Of course, she behaved awfully, but ______, she is your sister.[A] after all [B] above all [C] all in all [D] overall27.My room isn‘t big enough to acco mmodate so many people and your roomisn‘t ______.[A] also [B] either [C] too [D] neither28.I am busy at work now. I would rather you ______ this evening.[A] will come [B] are coming [C] come [D] came29.Although the town has been attacked by the storm several times, ______ wasdone.[A] a few damages [B] few damages[C] little damage [D] a little damage30.It‘s no good ______. You just have to put up with all these.[A] complained [B] complaining[C] to complain [D] to be complaining31.He suggested ______ a lecture given by Professor White on Englishlanguage learning.[A] my attending [B] me attending[C] my to attend [D] me to be attending32. In Great Britain, there are newspapers ______ pages are largely filled withnews of sports and stories of film stars.[A] which [B] that [C] what [D] whose33. The agent must have been annoyed, or he ______ his temper then.[A] wouldn‘t have lost[B] wouldn‘t lose[C] shouldn‘t have lost [D] shouldn‘t lose34. Professor Smith ______ about him and he pretended not to mind.[A] heard the students to talk[B] heard the students talking[C] heard the talk by the students[D] heard the students talked35. It is because he is t oo young ______ he doesn‘t understand it.[A] so [B] so that [C] now that [D] that36.I remember ______ to help us if we ever got into trouble.[A] once offering [B] her once to offer[C] her once offering [D] once to offer37F rank ly, I‘d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.[A] didn‘t do [B] don‘t do [C] shouldn‘t do[D] wouldn‘t do38. He finds it difficult ______ himself to the climate here.[A] accustomed [B] to adapt [C] get used [D] applying39. Lily has done just as much ______.[A] like what she was told to [B] as she was told to[C] as to what she tried to do [D] like she was taught to40.It‘s no use ______ me not to worry.[A] you tell [B] your telling[C] for you to have told [D] having toldPart II: Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part, you’ll read five passages. After each passage, there are four questions for you to answer, please mark your answers on youranswer sheet.Passage OneSome students at the Open University left school 20 years ago. Others are younger but all must be at least 21 years old. This is one example of how the Open University is different from all other universities. Its students must either work full-time or be at home all day. For instance, mothers of families do not have to pass any examinations before they are accepted as students. This is why the university is called ‗open‘. The university was started in order to help a known group—people who missed a university education when they were young.The first name for the Open University was ‗The University of the Air‘. The idea was to teach ‗on the air‘, in other words on radio and television. Most of the teaching is done like this. Radio and television have brought the classroom into people‘s h omes. But this, on its own, is not enough for a university education.The Open University student also receives advice at one of 283 study centres in the country, 36 weeks of the year he or she has to send written work to a ‗tutor‘, the person who guides his or her studies. The student must also spend 3 weeks every summer as a full-time student. The tutor and students meet and study together, as in other universities. At the end of the Open University‘s first year, the results were good, 3 out of every 4 students passed their examinations. If they do this every year, they will finish their studies 4 or 5 years.41. The purpose of the Open University is to ________.[A] help the young to go to school[B] help those who missed the chance to study when they were young[C] help those who want to study[D] help those who do housework42. The students of the Open University have their education ________.[A] through many kinds of examinations[B] with their written work only[C] both at home and at some study centres[D] with the help of their family friends43. The word ―tutor‖ in the second paragraph means ―________‖.[A] the person who inspects the students‘ studies[B] the person who is in charge of the various kinds of exams[C] the person who is to help the students to get through the exam[D] the person who checks the students‘ work at home44. Which of the following is implied but not stated?[A] The Open University has become popular all over the world.[B] Every country needs such a university.[C] Everyone wants to go to such a university.[D] The Open University really benefits a lot those who once lost the chanceto have university education.Passage TwoFrom the beginning rivers have played an important part in the life of man. Primitive man used rivers as a means of travel.In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on river banks and built up large empires and civilizations. Rome today still stands on both sides of the Tiber. The Menam runs through modern Bangkok, still serving as a great waterway for the transport of goods and people.Water is Nature‘s most precious gift to man. Man needs water to irrigate hiscrops, to cook and to wash. In nations far and wide rivers mean life and wealth. The Irrawady, Nile, Ganges and a host of others feed and clothe the nations around them. A shortage of water in heavily populated agricultural areas will cause great hardship and starvation as crops fail.Water is also a source of energy and power. Man constructs huge dams across rivers to control the water for irrigation and obtain the energy needed to drive generators. The electric power is then channeled to homes, cities, factories, television stations and the military.Man uses billions of litres of water each year. His main source of water comes from reservoirs which in turn obtain water from the rivers.45. This passage is mainly about ______.[A] rivers [B] dams [C] nature [D] buildings46. A heavily populated agricultural area is one where ________.[A] there are more factories than farms[B] people suffer and starve[C] too many farmers live close to one another[D] only a few farmers live47. In heavily populated agricultural areas, when crops fail _______‘[A] everybody takes to water sports [B] the people starve[C] a shortage of water will help [D] more energy will be used48. Energy is obtained from rivers by ________.[A] building bridges across them[B] channeling them into homes and factories[C] driving generators into them[D] building dams across themPassage ThreeMost London colleges have a library, with a full-time or part-time librarian, who will be able to give students information on the facilities available for consulting of borrowing books. In addition, the Public Libraries give a valuable service to students attending colleges, evening classes or working on their own. Public Libraries are maintained by the City Corporation and thevarious London Borough Councils. They will be helpful to students who wish to further their studies by using the comprehensive library services available in the metropolitan areas. These libraries have over five million books in stock, the majority of which are for loan, and there is a system of interavailability of lending-library tickets which extends throughout the metropolitan area.Reference Departments are provided for the use of those who wish to consult books and periodicals in the library, or heavy publications such as encyclopedias that cannot be taken out on loan.Public library stocks are of a general nature, covering all subjects, many of them to higher degree standard or beyond. In addition, each public library in the metropolitan area specializes in a group of interrelated subjects and, through the cooperation between various libraries, their combined resources are made generally available. Moreover, through the inter-lending system of the British Library, it is usually possible for books not available in London public libraries to be obtained from specialist libraries. Music stocks, for example, include music writings and frequently records. Full details of these various services can be obtained from the Central Library in each area. Addresses and telephone numbers are listed in the London telephone directory.49. The Public Libraries referred to in the passage offer _______.[A] opportunities for students to attend Further Education[B] opportunities for students to further their studies[C] assistance towards the maintenance of students in the London BoroughCouncils[D] assistance to students who work in their local council50. From the information given we understand that students ________.[A] may only borrow books from their local library[B] must have special tickets to borrow books from another library[C] may lend their tickets to students in other libraries[D] may use their tickets to borrow books from other libraries51. In order to help students further, a system exists, by which ________.[A] books on certain subjects can be borrowed from specialist libraries[B] each library agrees to specialize in one subject[C] a group of libraries agree to specialize in one subject[D] records are made of books on specialist subjects52. The passage tells us that there is ________.[A] one central library for all areas[B] a library in the centre of each area[C] a central library in each area[D] more than one central library in each areaPassage FourThough some people have suggested that women should return tohousework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls.Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in types of work more suitable for men, and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men. They argue that women –especially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result in lower productivity, poor quality and inefficiency.To solve the problem, they have suggested that the workingwomen stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these circumstances, families would retain their same level of income, and women could run the house and raise children much better.The suggestion has been flatly rejected by 9 out of ten people polled. A hundred persons in a big city were questioned last summer. Out of 50 women, 46 said they were unwilling to leave their jobs, no matter what the situation. The other 4 said they would like to return home if their jobs could be taken by their sons or daughters. Of 50 men polled, only 6 said they would like to see their wives resign their jobs, if it means higher wages for themselves.Some other people have sugge sted another way called ―phased employment‖ theory. The theory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when she is seven months pregnant (怀孕) and stay off the job until her baby reaches the age of 3. It suggests that women on leave receive 75 percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the 3-year period. This will benefit children, women, their families and the society. Some of those polled, both women and men, felt the idea is a good one. It definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion that women return to home forever.53. Some union officials have suggested that women should return home because______.[A] all of them are employed in unsuitable types of work[B] most skilled male workers are now unemployed[C] their participation in work has a bad influence on the economicdevelopment[D] nowadays no one can take care of children except women54. According to the passage, the suggestion that women should return tohousework was ______.[A] opposed by most men and women[B] welcomed by men only[C] welcomed by women only[D] welcomed by both men and women55. From the passage we can see ―phased employment‖ means ―______‖.[A] two or more women share the same job[B] women are allowed to take leave from their jobs during their childbearing years[C] a women should resign her job forever if she has a child[D] women stay at home on weekdays and go to work on weekends or holidays56. According to the ―phased employment‖ theory, during a woman‘s lea ve fromher job ______.[A] her work should be done by her husband or brothers[B] either her husband or brothers will be given double wages[C] her family can still keep the normal level of income[D] her family‘s income level will be a little lower than it normally is Passage FiveInterviews may be carried out in a one-to-one situation; or a group of interviewers may interview a single candidate; or a single interviewer may interview a group of candidates. Each type of interview has its advantages and disadvantages.The one-to-one interview is the most common. It has the advantage of being the most natural situation. It is easier to build up a relationship with the candidate; he will feel at ease and will answer questions more fully and more naturally. In this way the interviewer is likely to find out a good deal about the candidate. In particular he will be in a good position to find out whether or not he would want the candidate to work with him or under him. These advantages carry with them certain disadvantages. The interviewer may be so strongly affected by his own feelings that he is unable to assess the candidate fairly. The interview may be so relaxed that the interviewer forgets to explore certain areas; it may turn into a conversation about topics of mutual interest. The candidate himself or the interviewer‘s organization is likely to feel that the procedure is somewhat unfair; a prospective employee ought not to be accepted or rejected on the basis of an interview with just one person. And, of course, unless the interviewer is highly skilled, the candidate and the organization are right –because the best people are not necessarily going to be selected. The procedure might then be altered to include additional one-to-one interviews.The next most common type of interview is the Board interview. This is usually adopted by large organizations in order that the selection procedure shall be seen to be fairer to candidates andso that people who are selected reach some kind of common standard. It also hassome other advantages. It is more likely for a Board to cover all relevant areas simply because members keep a critical eye on one another.57. In the one-to-one interview the interviewer can get much information aboutthe candidate because ______.[A] they can concentrate on topics of mutual interest[B] the interviewer can take notes of whatever the candidate tells him[C] the candidate is likely to answer questions more fully in a natural situation[D] the interviewer can last as long as the interviewer wishes58. The writer suggests that when the one-to-one interview method is used, inorder to be fairer ______.[A] both the interviewer and the candidate should take the interview seriously[B] more than one one-to-one interview should be held for a single candidate[C] the interview‘s organization should accept only the best people[D] the interviewer should not build up a good relationship with the candidate59. The writer thinks that ______.[A] the one-to-one interview is much better than the Board interview[B] the Board interview is much better than the one-to-one interview[C] both methods mentioned above have more advantages and disadvantages[D] it is hard to say which method, the Board interview or the one-to-oneinterview60. The best title for this passage would be ______.[A] The Interview as a Method of Assessment[B] How to Assess a Candidate Fairly[C] The Best Procedure to Select and Employee[D] The Advantages and Disadvantages of the one-to-one InterviewPart III: ClozeDirections: Choose the best answer for each blank in the following passage from the choices given afterwards.The industrial societies have been extremely productive during the last two centuries. The economic advance has been 1 . During this 2 short period of time, greater changes in people‘s 3 have occurred than in the thousands of years which 4 . From about 8000. B. C., when the agricultural 5 of the human race began, 6 1776 A. D., the beginning of the American Revolution, people 7 hardly any richer at all. The Americans of1776 used the same energy 8 as the Romans of 1 A. D. Both the ancient Romans and Americans of 200 years ago could travel about the same short distance in a day. Both had about the same annual income and the same life 9 . During the past 200 years the world population has increased 6 times, the annual world 10 has increased 80 times, and the distance a person can travel has 11 1,000 times. There has also been much recent progress 12 art, culture, learning, and science. Such changes have 13 a high rate of production and 14 of the economy. Economists fear that within the next 100 to 150 years, the earth's 15 will become very 16 . Their fears are partly 17 , but we should not be afraid. Industrial civilization 18 new knowledge. By advancing knowledge, we not only 19 new forms of resources, 20 we also find ways to economize their use. Advanced modern knowledge can feed the hungry people of the world and improve their standard of living.1. [A] particular [B] excellent [C] remarkable [D] excessive2. [A] considerable [B] relatively [C] roughly [D] normally3. [A] arrangements [B] orders [C] ways [D] conditions4. [A] preceded [B] exceeded [C] proceeded [D] introduced5. [A] time [B] era [C] cycle [D] century6. [A] to [B] in [C] at [D] on7. [A] went [B] developed [C] returned [D] grew8. [A] origins [B] stores [C] potential [D] source9. [A] year [B] period [C] span [D] spell10. [A] harvest [B] output [C] production [D] outcome11. [A] amounted to [B] gone up [C] built up [D] grown up12. [A] in [B] on [C] about [D] at13. [A] reduced to [B] brought up [C] led to [D] turned out14. [A] influence [B] independence [C] impact [D] growth15. [A] resources [B] sources [C] materials [D] minerals16. [A] scarce [B] rare [C] inferior [D] little17. [A] unreasonable [B] excused [C] convinced [D] justified18. [A] applies [B] refers to [C] adapts to [D] adopts as19. [A] realizes [B] creates [C] substitutes [D] brings20. [A] besides [B] and [C] but [D] anyhowPart IV: TranslationRouting buying undoubtedly has some advantages for the customer. It saves a lot of trouble and avoids the risks that are always associated with any kind of change. The customer who stays with one supplier receives the goods to which he is accustomed and on the same terms. But this principle seldom serves the cause of progress if the first purchase was a mistake which he now repeats again and again. And a decision that was the right one five years ago, can be the wrong one today. The human need for stability and routine is also inclined to lag behind the new developments, improvements and changes which are so typical of our times. Nevertheless, this attitude has prevented many manufacturers and dealers from introducing valuable innovations. If the customer resists an offer due to the force of habit, the new supplier will have little chance of success, or will have to invest expenditure and effort out of all proportion to the risk involved. For this reason many excellent inventions have never been put on the market; they were nipped in the bud, because potential investors could see all the difficulties awaiting them, such as the force of habit and the public‘s mistrust of anything new.Part V: WritingDirections:You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title―Advances in Science and Technology‖. You should base your essay on theoutline below.Outline:1. 科学技术的发展是重要的。

cation should aim to _______ children’s mind to its utmost potential.A. harnessB. cultivateC. useD. foster11.Medicine has always been a very male-dominated _____.A. occupationB. professionC. careerD. job12.Affairs between doctors and patients are a matter of _____.A. rulesB. moralsC. criteriaD. ethics13.This project has been granted an annual _____ of $ 40 million.A. fundB. paymentC. budgetD. capital14.I cannot believe that it is _____ to spend so much money on it.A. sensibleB. sensitiveC. sensoryD. sensational15.Only part of your character is inherited from your parents. The rest comes from your _____.A. surroundingsB. circumstancesC. environmentD. condition16.What we are trying to do is to _____ young people to be responsible citizens.A. teachB. educateC. instructD. train17.The modern world’s pursuit of material ends to the neglect of its _____ needs.A. spiritualB. intellectualC. mentalD. intelligent18.Due to road works, three lanes of traffic have to _____ into two.A. divergeB. divertC. convergeD. divide19.If he _____ in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss.A. continuesB. persistsC. proceedsD. insists20.Tom is _____ enough to aspire to conversational fluency in Chinese in two months.A. competitiveB. successfulC. energeticD. ambitious21.Science and technology have in important ways _____ to the improvement of agriculturalproduction.A. witnessedB. assistedC. attachedD. contributed22.Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster ______ we radically change waywe live.A. butB. althoughC. unlessD. lest23.For professional athletes, _____ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter thehistory books.A. accessB. attachmentC. appealD. approach24.The native Canadians lived in _____ with nature, for they respected nature as a provider of life.A. coordinationB. acquaintanceC. contactD. harmony25.The mayor_____ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing theearthquake victims.A. rewardedB. awardedC. creditedD. prized26.The writer was so ______ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room _____.A. absorbedB. abandonedC. focusedD. centered27.In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested that it is never of great_____.A. fareB. paymentC. worthD. expense28.With the increasing unemployment rate, workers who are 50 to 60 years old are usually the firstto be _____.itself, because there’s a big transition that happens when kids leave the structured school environment and come home.If you have kid stay alone at home, think hard about trying to find an adult who can be there and provide the support your child needs. If a supportive adult isn’t available, an expert named Martin recommends you find an after-school program led by experienced professionals who will engage them in creative activities, nourish them with healthy snacks, and assist them with their schoolwork.If you are at home on the contrary, to take some break after the guys get started on diversions, because it’s hard to stop and do something like homework. 〝If that little bit of downtime is television, good luck ... getting them to do their homework.〞says a professor of child development at California State University, 〝TV is addictive.〞A better way to help your child unwind is with a healthy snack. 〝Wait until dinner, make a plate full of energizing food. You could even dish up part of the dinner you’re preparing a little early for the kids,〞she says.While you’re sharing a snack, you can make a list of what your kids will get to do during their study breaks. The types of breaks recommended include shooting baskets, getting a drink, using the bathroom, or even playing a quick card game with parents. Your kids can be the ones to decide which breaks they’d like to take. But, as Freimuth says, your children will have to be honest about what kind of break will energize them and not upset their momentum.66.The main purpose of this passage is _______.A. to provide some advice for the parents about children’s educationB. to explain how to prepare a pretty snack for your childrenC. to explain why the parents spoil their childrenD. to describe children’s lives after school67.The words 〝this way〞in the sentence 〝But most homes aren’t run this way〞in the firstparagraph most possibly means _______.A. to stay on the taskB. to arrange everything in detailsC. to give some lessons to childrenD. to behave in the structured school68.According to the passage, the expert named Martin, appearing in the second paragraph, mostprobably takes up the following jobs EXCEPT _______.A. a specialist in children educationB. a professional consultant in an after-school programC. the leader of a research group about sports, such as basketballD. mostly the same as what Freimuth (in the last paragraph) does69.According to the last two paragraphs, the appropriate snacks that the parents provide will_______.A. upset the children’s momentumB. exhaust them by lots of dirty dishesC. make the children get addicted to TVD. bring more energy to children。

2024年全国硕士研究生英语卷2024 National Master's Entrance English ExamSection I: Reading Comprehension (40 Points)Part A: Multiple Choice (20 Points)1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful entrepreneurs?A. Passion and dedicationB. Strong leadership skillsC. Risk aversionD. Persistence and resilience2. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of innovation in businessB. The role of failure in fostering successC. The characteristics of successful entrepreneursD. The benefits of entrepreneurship education3. According to the passage, what is one way in which entrepreneurs can overcome failure?A. By avoiding taking risksB. By blaming others for their mistakesC. By seeking feedback and learning from their experienceD. By giving up and finding a new career pathPart B: Short Answer Questions (20 Points)4. Briefly summarize the main points of the passage.5. Explain how the concept of "failing forward" is related to entrepreneurship.6. Give an example of a successful entrepreneur and explain how they embody the characteristics discussed in the passage.7. How can entrepreneurship education help prepare individuals for success in the business world?Section II: Writing (60 Points)Part A: Essay (40 Points)In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards remote work and online businesses. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend, and give your opinion on whether it will continue in the future.Part B: Letter Writing (20 Points)Write a letter to a friend who is considering starting their own business. Offer them advice on how to overcome challenges and achieve success as an entrepreneur.This exam is designed to assess your reading comprehension skills, critical thinking abilities, and writing proficiency. Good luck!。

学历类《研究生考试》工程硕士《英语运用能力测试》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________1、Generally speaking, the hard one works, _______.A 、thebetterhegetsresultB 、thebetterresulthegetsC 、hegetsbetterresultD 、doeshegetbetterresult正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析2、Part of the work is to be finished today and ______ by thl4、It is no longer a problem _______ the poor children in this district can go to school.A 、thatB 、whetherC 、soD 、because正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析5、Many people attend various public lectures, chiefly ______ themselves familiar with the latest development of different fields.A 、gettingB 、togetC 、tohavegotD 、got正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析6、We need a more capable leader, ______ with strong will and as well as good humour.A 、whoB 、thatC 、oneD 、which正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析7、”______ the friendship between our two people last forever!”, and with this sincere hope, the president concluded his speech.A、CouldB、MayC、WouldD、Must正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析8、______ that no one was ever prepared for it.A、SosuddenlydidthebadnewscomeB、SosuddenlythebadnewscameC、SodidthebadnewscomesuddenlyD、Didthebadnewscomesosuddenly正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析9、_____ the teacher’s suggestion, Tom finally found a way to settle the problem.A、FollowingB、TofollowC、FollowD、Hefollowed正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析10、Some 25,000 people were reported ______ in the ever recorded worst earthquake in Iran, which occurred late this month.A、werekilledB、tobekilledC、killingD、tohavebeenkilled正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析11、When do you think ______ start the new attack?A、theywillB、willtheyC、theycanD、canthey正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析12、During the tourist season, there are many people wandering in this city to see the old castles _____ in the sixteenth century.A、tobebuiltB、beingbuiltC、havingbeenbuiltD、built正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析13、______ which way to take, the little boy behaved like a real gentleman who comforted his sister from time to time.A、LeavingtowonderB、HavinglefttowonderC、LeftwonderingD、Lefttowonder正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析14、He doesn’t know what to say, for it is the first time that he l D、theywerereported 正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析16、There were many more people who got injured in the big fire than _______.A、wasreportedB、itwasreportedC、werereportedD、heywerereported正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析17、This robot is supposed to save a lot of labor, but it remains a problem if it ______.A、isB、savesC、doesD、has正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析18、George applied for the position three times ______ he finally got it.A、beforeB、untilC、whenD、after正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析19、With his eyes ______ on the family album, he thought of the fun he had when he lived with his parents.A、fixingB、fixedC、tobefixedD、beingfixed正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析20、Postage ______, the necklace will cost you at least 650 yuan.A、includingB、includedC、includeD、tobeincluded正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析。

大连海事大学工程硕士英语试题姓名：得分：Ⅰ. Translate the following into Chinese (25 points)1. electrocute 把…处电刑2. wreath 花圈3. hilarious 愉快的；热闹的4. denominator 分母5. commitment 承担，献身6. accountant 会计员，账房，出纳7. depict描写；叙述8. prodigy 非凡的人，奇才，天才9. revive 再生，复活，苏醒10. catalyst 触媒，催化剂，接触剂11. dreary凄凉的；忧郁的12. epic 叙事诗，史诗13. regress 退化，退步14. pervasive扩大的；普及的，遍布的15. liberal 开明的，自由的16. philosophy哲学；哲理，哲学体系17. technician 技术员，技师18. heckle质问19. literature文学，文学作品20. academic学院的；大学的21. Achilles’heel弱点22. get along with与……和睦相处23. comic strip连环漫画24. shoot for打算达到25. pay offⅡ. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese (50 points)1. Those words helped the young woman to see things more clearly. Maybe she could n’t improve her circumstances, but she could improve herself. She made friends with her Native American neighbors, she began working with them on weaving and pottery, and she took time to explore the desert and discover its natural beauty.这些话帮助这个年轻的女人看得更清楚。