多态性和虚函数Problem A: C++习题抽象基类Description编写一个程序，声明抽象基类Shape，由它派生出3个派生类：Circle(圆形)、Rectangle(矩形)、Triangle(三角形)，用一个函数printArea分别输出以上三者的面积（结果保留两位小数），3个图形的数据在定义对象时给定。
Input圆的半径矩形的边长三角形的底与高Output圆的面积矩形的面积三角形的面积Sample Input12.64.5 8.44.5 8.4Sample Outputarea of circle = 498.76area of rectangle = 37.80area of triangle = 18.90#include <iostream>#include <iomanip>using namespace std;class Shape{public:virtual double area()const=0;};class Circle:public Shape{public:Circle(double r):radius(r) {}virtual double area() const{return 3.14159*radius*radius;};protected:double radius;};class Rectangle:public Shape{public:Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h) {}virtual double area() const{return width*height;}protected:double width,height;};class Triangle:public Shape{public:Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h) {}virtual double area()const{return 0.5*width*height;}protected:double width,height;};void printArea(const Shape &s){cout<<s.area()<<endl;}int main(){float r,a,b,w,h;cout<<fixed<<setprecision(2);cin>>r;Circle circle(r);cout<<"area of circle = ";printArea(circle);cin>>a>>b;Rectangle rectangle(a,b);cout<<"area of rectangle = ";printArea(rectangle);cin>>w>>h;Triangle triangle(w,h);cout<<"area of triangle = ";printArea(triangle);return 0;}Problem B: C++习题虚函数-计算图形面积Description编写一个程序，定义抽象基类Shape，由它派生出5个派生类：Circle(圆形)、Square(正方形)、Rectangle(矩形)、Trapezoid(梯形)、Triangle(三角形)。
用虚函数分别计算几种图形面积，并求它们之和。
要求用基类指针数组，使它每一个元素指向一个派生类对象。
Input圆的半径正方形的边长矩形的边长梯形的上底和下底，高三角形的底与高Output所有图形面积之和（结果保留两位小数）Sample Input12.63.54.5 8.42.0 4.53.24.5 8.4Sample Outputtotal of all areas=574.11#include <iostream>#include <iomanip>using namespace std;class Shape{public:virtual double area()const=0;};class Circle:public Shape{public:Circle(double r):radius(r) {}virtual double area() const{return 3.14159*radius*radius;};protected:double radius;};class Square:public Shape{public:Square(double s):side(s) {}virtual double area() const{return side*side;}protected:double side;};class Rectangle:public Shape{public:Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h) {}virtual double area() const{return width*height;}protected:double width,height;};class Trapezoid:public Shape{public:Trapezoid(double t,double b,doubleh):top(t),bottom(b),height(h) {}virtual double area()const{return 0.5*(top+bottom)*height;}protected:double top,bottom,height;};class Triangle:public Shape{public:Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h) {}virtual double area()const{return 0.5*width*height;}protected:double width,height;};int main(){float r,a,b,w1,w2,w,h;cout<<fixed<<setprecision(2);cin>>r;Circle circle(r);cin>>a;Square square(a);cin>>a>>b;Rectangle rectangle(a,b);cin>>w1>>w2>>h;Trapezoid trapezoid(w1,w1,h);cin>>w>>h;Triangle triangle(w,h);Shape *pt[5]= {&circle,&square,&rectangle,&trapezoid,&tria ngle};double areas=0.0;for(int i=0; i<5; i++)areas=areas+pt[i]->area();cout<<"total of all areas="<<areas<<endl;return 0;}Problem C: 抽象一个形状类Description阮宝同学期待着暑假来临，知道C++不好好复习麻烦不小。
没有多态性，那就不叫面向对象，老师不划重点也能猜到。
嘿嘿，自己做个经典题，怎么变题也不怕。
老湿，再难的题还有木有？Input输入四个数，前两个是矩形的长和宽，后两个是三角形的底边长和高。
Output分两行输出两个数，第一个是矩形的面积，第二个是三角形的面积。
Sample Input3.5 6.43.5 6.4Sample Output22.411.2#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Shape{public:virtual double area()const=0;};class Rectangle:public Shape{public:Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h) {}virtual double area() const{return width*height;}protected:double width,height;};class Triangle:public Shape{public:Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h) {}virtual double area()const{return 0.5*width*height;}protected:double width,height;};int main(){double a,b;cin>>a>>b; //输入矩形的长和宽Rectangle r(a,b);//建立Rectangle类对象r, 矩形长a宽bShape *s1=&r;cout<<s1->area()<<endl;//输出矩形的面积double w,h;cin>>w>>h; //输入矩形的长和宽Triangle t(w,h); //建立Triangle类对象t，三角形底边长w高hShape &s2=t;cout<<s2.area();//输出三角形面积return 0;}Problem D: 虚函数练习：动物2 Description长期的物种进化使自然界出现了生活在陆地上的陆生动物和生活在水中的水生动物。
根据已有主函数编写动物类，陆生动物类和水生动物类。
Input动物的体长，体重，性别；水生动物的体长，体重，性别，游泳速度；陆生动物的体长，体重，性别，奔跑速度；Output动物的体长，体重，性别；水生动物的体长，体重，性别，游泳速度；陆生动物的体长，体重，性别，奔跑速度；Sample Input52 22 f62 32 m 12272 42 m 102Sample Outputheight:52weight:22sex:fheight:62weight:32sex:mswimming_speed:122height:72weight:42sex:mrunning_speed:102#include <iostream>using namespace std;class animal{public:animal(int h,int w,char s){height=h;weight=w;sex=s;}virtual void display(){cout<<"height:"<<height<<endl;cout<<"weight:"<<weight<<endl;cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;}protected:int height;int weight;char sex;};class aqu_animal:public animal{public:aqu_animal(int h,int w,char s,int s_p):animal(h,w,s),swimming_speed(s_p){} virtual void display(){cout<<"height:"<<height<<endl;cout<<"weight:"<<weight<<endl;cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;cout<<"swimming_speed:"<<swimming_speed< <endl;}protected:int swimming_speed;};class ter_animal:public animal{public:ter_animal(int h,int w,char s,int r_p):animal(h,w,s),running_speed(r_p){}virtual void display(){cout<<"height:"<<height<<endl;cout<<"weight:"<<weight<<endl;cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;cout<<"running_speed:"<<running_speed<<en dl;}protected:int running_speed;};int main(){int a,b,s,r;char c;animal *p;cin>>a>>b>>c;animal pa(a,b,c);p=&pa;p->display();cin>>a>>b>>c>>s;aqu_animal pb(a,b,c,s);p=&pb;p->display();cin>>a>>b>>c>>r;ter_animal pc(a,b,c,r);p=&pc;p->display();return 0;}Problem E: 交通工具信息Description有一个交通工具类vehicle，将它为基类派生的有派生小车类car，卡车类truck和轮船类boat，定义这些类，并使其能够显示其各类交通工具的详细信息。
