学龄前儿童错颌畸形的预防和早期矫治闫智奇闫智奇，，蒋炜南京市江宁区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心口腔科，江苏南京211100摘要目的分析学龄前儿童错颌畸形的预防和早期矫治。
方法选取2019年2月—2021年12月南京市江宁区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心收治的272例错颌畸形学龄前患儿，利用最新统计学软件生成的随机序列均分为对照组与研究组作平行对照研究，各136例。
对照组采用传统功能性矫治器矫治，研究组采用肌功能研究中心（myofunctional research center， MRC）矫治器矫治，对比两组口腔不良习惯改善效果、头影测量值及口腔功能。
结果研究组总有效率（97.79%）较对照组（91.91%）更高，差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.819，P<0.05）；研究组矫治后头影测量各数据均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；研究组矫治后舒适度、固定性、咀嚼功能及美观度评分较对照组更高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
结论错颌畸形采用MRC矫治器治疗，可纠正患儿口腔不良习惯，促进口腔功能改善，并减小患儿上颌前突。
关键词学龄前儿童；口呼吸；错颌畸形；安氏Ⅱ类；早期矫治；肌功能研究中心矫治器中图分类号R4文献标志码A doi10.11966/j.issn.2095-994X.2023.09.08.17Prevention and Early Treatment of Malocclusion in Preschool ChildrenYAN Zhiqi, JIANG WeiDepartment of Stomatology, Jiangning District Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211100 ChinaAbstract Objective To analyze the prevention and early treatment of malocclusion in preschool children. Methods A total of two hundred and seventy-two preschool children with malocclusion treated in Jiangning District Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Cen⁃ter of Nanjing from February 2019 to December 2021 were selected and divided into control group and study group with 136 cases in each group using the random sequenceslatest generated by statistical software. The control group was treated with traditional functional appliance, and the study group was treated with myofunctional research center (MRC) appliance. The improvement effect, cephalic shadow measurement and oral function of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of the study group was 97.79%, higher than that of the con⁃trol group of 91.91%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.819, P<0.05). The data of cephalometric measurement in the study group were better than those in the control group after correction, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of com⁃fort, fixity, masticatory function and aesthetics in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statisti⁃cally significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The treatment of malocclusion with MRC appliance can correct poor oral habits, improve oral function and reduce maxillary protrusion in children.Key words Preschool children; Oral respiration; Malocclusion; ANSI Class II; Early correction; MRC appliance错颌畸形是临床多发病之一，指因多种因素如后天因素、先天因素等影响导致生长发育过程中牙齿、颌骨出现畸形情况，多表现为牙齿排列不整齐、颌骨大小异常及颌骨位置异常等。
