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小升初英语笔记整理归纳重点
小升初英语复习要点归纳:
1. 名词复数规则：一般情况下，直接加 s，如:book-books, bg-bas, at-ats, bd-beds;以 s、x、h、h 结尾，加 es，如:sbue-sbes, box-bxes, bruh-brshes,atch-waths;以辅音字母 y 结尾，变为 i，再加 es，如:amly-mils,strawbrry-strwrie;以 f 或 fe 结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v，再加-es，如:knif-knie。
2. 代词：人称代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词 (短) 名词性物主代词 (长)。
3. 语法知识：几种基本的时态小学阶段就会接触到，小学英语会考到的无非是一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时和将来时。
要注意时态的正确使用和区分。
4. 动词：要注意动词的时态和语态，以及动词的不规则形式。
5. 形容词和副词：小学阶段的形容词和副词比较级和最高级形式要熟练掌握，同时要注意形容词和副词的用法和区别。
6. 阅读和写作：英语阅读和写作同时抓，阅读可以增加词汇量和语感，写作可以提高语言表达能力和语法运用水平。
要注意句子结构和语法的正确性。
7. 单词和词汇：小学阶段的单词和词汇很重要，学生必须熟练掌握重点单词、词汇的拼读、记忆。
可以将单词有意识地分类记忆，如颜色、食物、生活用品等。
以上是小升初英语复习的重点内容，考生需要认真梳理和总结。
同时，要注意练习和模拟考试，不断提高自己的英语水平和应试能力。
3至6年级英语全部笔记一、引言本笔记旨在为3至6年级的学生及其家长提供英语学习的全面指导，涵盖了该阶段所需的词汇、语法、阅读、听力、口语、写作等各方面的详细笔记。
通过系统地梳理和归纳，希望能帮助学生们更好地掌握英语，为将来的学习打下坚实的基础。
二、词汇笔记1. 名词：包括各类物体、动物、人物、时间、地点等名词的拼写和用法。
例如：book, cat, girl, time, school。
2. 动词：注意不同时态的动词变化，如一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时。
例如：play, run, was, are, were。
3. 形容词和副词：理解形容词和副词的用法，以及它们在句子中的位置。
例如：happy, slowly, often。
4. 代词：掌握各类代词的用法，如我(I), 你(you), 他(he), 我们(we), 他们(they)。
5. 介词：理解介词的用法，如at, in, on, beside等，以及它们与名词或动名词的搭配。
三、语法笔记1. 时态：掌握并熟练运用英语的三大时态：现在时、过去时和将来时。
2. 句式结构：熟悉并掌握基本的句式结构，如主语+动词、There is/are等。
3. 主谓一致：理解并掌握主谓一致的规则。
4. 否定句：了解不同形式的否定句，如no+名词、not...any 等。
四、阅读笔记1. 阅读理解：学会从文章中获取信息，理解主旨和大意。
2. 句子理解：理解复杂句式和难懂词汇，提高阅读理解能力。
3. 快速阅读：掌握快速阅读技巧，提高阅读速度。
五、听力笔记1. 听力理解：学会听懂不同口音和语速的英语，提高听力理解能力。
2. 听写训练：通过听写训练，提高对单词和句子的记忆能力。
六、口语笔记1. 日常对话：熟练掌握日常对话，提高口语表达能力。
2. 角色扮演：通过角色扮演，提高口语交际能力。
3. 语音语调：注意英语语音语调的正确表达，增强口语表现力。
七、写作笔记1. 简单句写作：学会使用简单句写句子，表达清晰。
三年级英语笔记单数→复数1、直接+s2、从 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 +es,如：bus→buses ,box→boxes ,watch→watches , brush→brushes.3、辅音字母+y，把y→i，如：baby→babies.元音+y,如：boy→boys.4、以f/fe结尾，把f/fe→v+es,如：knife→knives.5、单数复数一个样：fish , sheep.6、遇到oo→ee,遇到man→men.7、有的变化就是大：child→children , mouse→mice.8、以o结尾的名词，总字母数为单数，直接 +s.如：zoo→zoo s总字母数为双数，后+es.如：hero→heroes. 一般疑问句：------以Am、Are、Is、Do开头的问句，只用Yes/No答（用什么问，用什么答）特殊疑问句：------以wh…和how开头的问句（what、where、who、when、why、how many）要具体答，不答Yes, No.一、have/has(有)用法------指某人/某物有什么东西。
I HeYou have, She hasWe ItThey二、there be 句型there is (单数)有there are (复数)有指在什么地方有什么东西there be如：1、 2、三、some/any 在there be 中的运用。
some ------肯定句any ------否定句、疑问句How many +复数….an + a 、e 、i 、o 、u 开头的单词五、1、What ’s this/that/it + 地点？ 用It ’s ……答。
2、What ’s + 地点（在那里有什么）用 There is/There are 答。
如：1、What ’s this on the table?It ’s a pencil.2、What ’s on the table?There is a pencil一、谁的我的 my你的 your他的 his≠he’s ☆她的 her它的 its我们的 our ☆他们的 their ☆二、是动词beI am =I’m I am not He = He’s He isn’t She is =She’s She isn’tIt =It’s It isn’t MaryWe = We’re We aren’t You are = You’re You aren’t They = They’re They aren’t Mary and Tom。
大学体验英语综合教程1复习笔记Unit1 college life重点词汇详解1. approach [????????] v. 走近，接近n. ①道路②学习（研究方法）【例句】The approach of the CET Band-4 makes me nervous.大学英语四级考试的临近令我紧张不已。
【词组】at the approach of在……快到的时候；be approaching (to)与……差不多，大致相等【辨析】approach, approximate与nearapproach 表“接近、走近、靠近”的含义时，可指时间、地点接近，也可指接近某个人，还可表示“对待、处理”问题、任务、困难等。
approximate 意为“接近、大致为”，表示抽象意义上的接近时可与approach互换使用，比后者常用，只有在词组approximate to 中作vi.。
near 表“接近、临近”的含义，大多出现在文学作品中，指人或者空间、时间上的接近时可与approach互的使用。
【巧记】ap (to) +proach (near)→接近，靠近【词汇扩展】approachable adj.可接近的，平易近人的【特别提示】注意approach 作动词用时，后不能跟to，作名词用表示“方法”则跟to。
如：a new approach to the study of English. 学习英语的新方法。
[错] We approached to the school.[对] We approached the school.我们快到学校了。
2. assurance [?????????] n. ①担保，确信②保险【例句】Despite repeated assurances he failed to repay the money he had borrowed.尽管他再三保证，但是借去的钱却始终没还。
英语复习笔记No.11. 名词复数：hero, video, stomach, wolf, leaf, a womanteacherheroes videos stomachs wolves leaves women teachers2. 反身代词(P48)：Help yourselves to some cakes, boys. / The answeritself is easy.3. a little +不可数/ little+不可数 / a few+复数 / few +复数肯定否定肯定否定(only a few/ only a little / very few/ very little…)4. 形容词：-ous / -y / -ful / -ly / -al / -ish / -ed / -ing protected /endangered5. 反义词(P80)：un- / dis- / im- / in- / ir-6. 副词(P83)：-ly7. 比较级、最高级(P13)No.21. 数词：9ninth、12twelfth、40fortieth、90ninetieth；two thousand students / thousands of students / two thousand of the students2. 反意疑问句(P42)：祈使句、陈述句（否定词：few / little / seldom/ never / hardly / none / …）3. 反问句/ 否定疑问句：难道…不…吗？（回答）4. 宾语从句(P94)：that / if / 疑问词；anyI don’t know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, he will visit me.(when)5. 过去进行时(P99)：then / this time yesterday / from… to…yesterday / when / while6. 不定式(P47)：make sb do sth / see sb do sth / see sb doing sthDoing eye exercises is … / To prevent floods, we … / Hurry up, or we will …动名词作主语不定式表目的祈使句+or+将来时the first one to get to school / the best time to visit China7. 比较等级的用法(U1U2)：The more you eat, the fatter you will be.My father is the fatter of my parents. / one of the biggest cities / the second longest river / fatter and fatter / more and more beautiful8. 句子结构(P81)：连系动词；宾补—— make sb do sth / findEnglish easy / call A B9. It is + adj. + for sb + to do sth.It’s + adj. + of sb + to do sth.We find it (is) easy to learn English. / We found it (was) easy to learn English.10. 条件、时间状语从句（主将从现）：if / when / untilI will sleep until Mom comes back. / I won’t go to bed until Mom comesback.11. 缩写及符号(P88)：therefore / per cent12. 感叹句：What bad weather! = How bad the weather is!What great fun it was to fly kites! / What great fun we had flying kites!13. 花费巨型14. 地理关系：界内in / 界外且接壤 on / 界外且不相邻 to。
英语高考知识点笔记一. 词汇与短语1. 动词短语- be + 形容词：He is tall.- 动词+副词：She ran quickly.- 动词+介词短语：They talked about the movie.- 动词+名词短语：She made a phone call.- 动词+形容词短语：He found the book interesting.- 动词+副词短语+名词短语：I woke up suddenly in the morning.2. 名词短语- 冠词+形容词+名词：a beautiful house- 形容词+名词：smart students- 名词+介词短语：a book about history- 名词+名词短语：a cup of coffee- 名词+不定式短语：a chance to travel- 名词+形容词短语：a city full of life3. 形容词与副词- 形容词：beautiful, intelligent, kind- 副词：quickly, carefully, loudly4. 介词短语- at home, in the park, on the table, under the tree二. 语法与句型1. 一般现在时- 表示经常、一般性的行为或状态：I often go to the cinema.- 表示客观事实、真理等：The sun rises in the east.- 表示现阶段的状况：He works at a restaurant.2. 一般过去时- 表示过去某一时间发生的动作：I watched a movie last night.- 表示过去的习惯或状态：She used to live in New York.3. 现在进行时- 表示现阶段正在进行的动作：I am studying for the exam.- 表示计划或安排的未来事件：They are traveling to Europe next week.4. 现在完成时- 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响：She has finished her homework.- 表示过去某一时刻已经完成的动作：I have lived in this city since 2010.5. 将来时- 表示将来某一时刻会发生的动作：I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.- 表示根据计划或安排将要发生的动作：We are going to have a party next week.三. 阅读理解技巧1. 寻找关键词- 阅读时注意关键词，帮助理解文章内容。
高一英语必修一复习知识点笔记1.高一英语必修一复习知识点笔记篇一present perfect and past simple。
现在完成时和一般过去式，现在完成时表示发生在过去的事情对现在依然有明显的影响发生在过去的动作但是不知道动作发生的时间或对动作发生的确切时间不感兴趣。
现在完成时经常和下列时间状语连用：Before, ever, never, already, and , yet. already 用于肯定句，yet用于疑问句和否定句。
Venus and Serena have played each other before.(重要的事他们过去进行了比赛，但是何时比赛并不重要—现在完成时)Venus and Serena have played each other in June 1999.(我们知道此事发生的确切时间—一般过去时)2.高一英语必修一复习知识点笔记篇二一、过去将来时参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来;come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时;was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。
二、过去进行时①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。
②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。
三、现在完成时①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years 等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。
英语学习笔记知识点归纳总结
1. 词汇研究
- 提高词汇量对于英语研究至关重要，可以通过背单词、阅读和听力练来扩大词汇量。
- 熟练使用英汉词典可以帮助理解单词的意思及用法。
- 注意词汇的拼写和发音，可以使用英语在线词典进行查询和练。
2. 语法知识
- 掌握基本的句型结构，如主谓宾、并列句、从句等。
- 注意使用正确的时态、语态和语气，并理解其在句子中的用法。
- 研究常用的语法规则，如动词变化、名词性质等。
3. 句子构建
- 研究如何使用连接词和过渡词来使句子更连贯。
- 使用适当的修饰词和介词来表达自己的观点和描述事物。
- 注意句子的结构和顺序，避免重复和冗长。
4. 阅读和听力技巧
- 阅读英文材料可以提高词汇量和理解能力，建议选择适合自己水平的材料进行阅读。
- 听力练可以帮助提高听力理解和口语表达能力，可以使用听力材料和英语研究软件进行练。
5. 写作技巧
- 研究如何写作不同类型的文章，如议论文、说明文、记叙文等。
- 练写作，注意语法和拼写错误，并寻求他人的反馈和建议。
- 使用合适的过渡句和段落来使文章结构更清晰。
以上是英语学习笔记的知识点归纳总结，希望对你的英语学习有所帮助。
不断积累知识，勤加练习，相信你会在英语学习中取得好成绩！。
UNIT 11. 被系在…上be attached to…2. 探索行为exploratory behavior3. 偶尔on occasion4. 父母的责任parental duties5. 揭示,阐明throw light on6. 最终目的an ultimate purpose7. 要做的动作desired action8. 所希望的结果desirable outcome9. 关键critical point10. 育儿观value of child rearing11. 弥补某种错误行为making up for a misdeed12. 回想起来in retrospect13. 善意的well-intentioned14. 前来帮助某人come to sb.’s rescue15. 极其熟练、温和地with extreme facility and gentleness16. 适用于apply to17. 发展到evolve to18. 发展创造力promote creativity19. 值得追求的目标worthwhile goalsOne way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说,我们比中国人更重视创新和自立;我们两种文化的差异也可以从我们各自所怀的忧虑中显示出来;中国老师担心,如果年轻人不及早掌握技艺,就有可能一辈子掌握不了；另一方面,他们并不同样地急于促进创造力的发展;美国教育工作者则担心,除非从一开始就发展创造力,不然创造力就有可能永不再现；而另一方面,技艺可于日后获得;However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon.但我并不想夸大其辞;无论在过去还是在当今,中国在科学、技术和艺术革新方面都展示了巨大的创造力;而西方的创新突破则有被夸大的危险;如果仔细审视任何一项创新,其对以往成就的依赖则都显而易见“站在巨人肩膀之上”的现象;But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills然而,假定我这里所说的反差是成立的,而培养技艺与创造力两者都是值得追求的目标,那么重要的问题就在于：我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式,它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的平衡UNIT 21. 面临,遭遇be confronted with2. 仰头向上看look up at3. 填写fill out4. 属于fall into5. 仅仅,不多于,不强于nothing more than6. 转瞬即逝的念头 a passing whim7. 磨损,损耗wear and tear8. 虽然,尽管in spite of9. 期望,盼望look forward to10. 富裕的,有钱的well off11. 不自在,格格不入out of place12. 陈旧的家具dated furniture13. …之后不久shortly after14. 走下坡路,失败go south15. 转折点 a turning point16. 与…形成对比in contrast to17. 对…予以注意,致力于focus on18. 归属感 a sense of belonging19. 遭遇困难go through a rough time20. 久不消逝的微笑 a lingering smile21. 为…感恩be thankful for22. 收入最低的档次the lowest income bracket23. 创作才能the gift of creativity24. 对物质财富的追求the pursuit of possessionsYet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have. My 1999 car shows the wear and tear of 105,000 miles. But it is still dependable. My apartment is modest, but quiet and relaxing. My clothes are well suited to my work, which is primarily outdoors. My minimal computer needs can be met at the library.然而,想要得到其他那么多人都有的物质的东西,对我来说,只不过是转瞬即逝的念头而已;我的汽车是1999年的产品,到现在开了十万五千英里,已经很破很旧了,但是它依然可靠;我的住房不大,但是很安静,住着挺舒心;我的衣服很适合于我的工作,主要都在户外;我对计算机的很少的需求,可以在图书馆得到解决;In spite of what I don’t have, I don’t feel poor. WhyI’ve enjoyed exceptionally good health for 53 years. It’s not just that I’ve been illness-free, it’s that I feel vigorous and spirited. Exercising is actually fun for me. I look forward to long, energizing walks. And I love the “can do”attitude that follows.尽管有些东西我没有,我并不感到贫穷;这是为什么五十三年来我一直非常健康;我不但不生病,而且精力充沛,情绪饱满;锻炼对我而言是确确实实的快事,我乐意长距离步行,越走越有劲;我喜爱步行后随之产生的一种“什么都干得了”的心态;I also cherish the gift of creativity. When I write a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricate a joke that tickles someone, I feel rich inside. I’m continuallysurprised at the insights that come through my writing process. And talking with so many interesting writer friends is one of my main sources of enjoyment.我还十分珍惜我的创作才能;当我写出美丽的诗句或编造出能把人逗乐的笑话时,我内心感到很富有;通过写作而获得的洞察力,不断地令我惊奇;而与那么多写作朋友交谈,是我乐趣的主要源泉之一;UNIT 31.舞台前方the edge of the stage2.对观众说话address the audience3.到头来让人尴尬end up embarrassing sb.4.当餐厅服务员wait tables5.为某人感到骄傲be proud of sb.6.一致地in unison7.偶尔一次once in a while8.围坐在餐桌旁be seated around the dinning room table9.使产生悬念keep in suspense10.传下来hand down11.无论如何at any rate12.世界和平global peace13.减少；缩小narrow down14.转向某人turn to sb.15.影响；刺激come over16.结束某一不愉快的事get sth. over with17.优等生an honor student18.整天提心吊胆live in constant dread19.负责in charge of20.填写fill out21.思路line of thought22.初中junior high schoolIf that sort of thing happened only once in a while, it wouldn't be so bad. Overall, I wouldn't want to trade my dad for anyone else's. He loves us kids and Mom too. But I think that's sometimes the problem. He wants to do things for us, things he thinks are good.这类事要是偶尔发生一两次,那倒也没什么;总的来说,我是不肯把自己老爸跟别人的老爸换的;他爱我们当子女的,也爱老妈;不过我想,有时问题就出在这儿;他一心想帮助我们,他自以为在为我们做好事呢;Can you imagine how humiliated I was An honor student, class president. And Father was out asking people to have their sons call and ask me to the prom But that's dear old dad. Actually, he is a dear. He just doesn't stop to think. And it's not just one of us who've felt the heavy hand of interference. Oh, no, all three of us live in constant dread knowing that at any time disaster can strike 你们能想象我觉得自己有多么丢人现眼吗堂堂的优秀生,班主席;父亲竟然去求别人叫他们的儿子打电话来邀我跳舞可这就是我那可爱的老爸;他其实挺可爱的;他就是不好好想一想;不止我一个人深受他横加干预之苦;哦,绝非我一个人,我们兄妹三个整天提心吊胆,知道倒霉的事随时可能来临;UNIT 41.一周中的最好时光highlight of the week2.投稿submit articles3.有时at times4.对…感到厌恶feel an aversion to5.社交方式forms of socializing6.缺乏自律 a lack of discipline7.网络交际cyber-interaction8.面对be confronted with9.穿着得体be dressed appropriately10.广告令…心烦be jarred by the commercials11.工作成了次要的; Work moves into the background.12.坏脾气be bad-tempered13.在此状态下in this state14.日常事务daily routine15.依赖rely on16.长期失业long-term unemployment17.吸毒drug abuse18.恢复平衡restore balance19.将…与…区分开set apart…from…20.面对面face to face21.找借口make an excuseI'd never realized how important daily routine is: dressing for work, sleeping normal hours. I'd never thought I relied so much on co-workers for company. I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damaging, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide.以前我从未意识到日常的生活起居是多么重要,如穿戴整齐去上班,按时就寝;以前我从未想过自己会那么依赖同事做伴;我开始理解为什么长时间的失业会那么伤人,为什么一个人的生活缺少了外部支持的日常计划就会导致吸毒、犯罪、自杀率的增长;To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world. I call people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who haven't fled New York City. I try to at least get to the gym, so as to set apart the weekend from the rest of my week. I arrange interviews for stories, doctor's appointments -- anything to get me out of the house and connected with others.为了恢复生活的平衡,我强迫自己回到真实世界中去;我给别人打电话,与所剩无几的仍然住在纽约城的几个朋友安排见面;我至少设法去去健身房,以便使周末与工作日有所不同;我安排采访好写报道,预约看医生——安排任何需要我出门与他人接触的活动;But sometimes being face to face is too much. I see a friend and her ringing laughter is intolerable -- the noise of conversation in the restaurant, unbearable.I make my excuses and flee. I re-enter my apartment and run to the computer as though it were a place of safety.但有时面对面地与人相处实在难以忍受;我与一位朋友见面,她那种响亮的笑声让人忍无可忍——饭店里的噪杂谈话声也让人受不了;我找了个藉口逃之夭夭;我重新回到我的公寓,冲向电脑,似乎那儿才是一个安全的地方;I click on the modem, the once-annoying sound of the connection now as pleasant as my favorite tune. I enter my password. The real world disappears.我点击鼠标,打开调制解调器,曾经听了就烦的连接声此刻听起来就如同最心爱的曲子那么悦耳;我键入密码;真实世界转瞬便消逝了;UNIT 51. 田径比赛track and field competition2. 俯瞰 a bird’s eye vie w3. 深呼吸take a deep breath4. 像雄鹰一样翱翔soar like an eagle5. 如出一辙; 不谋而合coincide with6. 每隔一天every other day/on alternate days7. 农场杂活farm chores8. 有一次on one occasion9. 站着on one’s feet10. 没有意识到unaware of11. 仰面躺着lie on one’s back12. 对…惭愧be ashamed of13. 感到…fill one’s mind with…14. 摆脱紧张情绪shake the tension15. 在内心的最深处from the deepest dept hs of one’s soul16. 在这种时候at a time like this17. 舒展；伸展stretch out18. 缓缓移动in slow motion19. 使…回到现实中bring sb. back to earth20. 想象see in one’s mind’s eyeThe runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. That's only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasn't working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do He had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. Why now What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths.这一回,那跑道显得有些异样;刹那间,他感到一阵惊吓;一种惶惑不安的感觉向他袭来;横杆升在高出他个人最高纪录9英寸的高度;他想,这一高度与全国纪录只差1英寸了;这一刻紧张异常,他感到焦虑不安;他想摆脱紧张情绪;没有用;他更紧张了;在这种时刻怎么会这样呢,他暗暗思忖着;他有点胆怯起来;说是恐惧也许更为恰当;怎么办他以前从来不曾有过这种感觉;这时,不知不觉地,在内心最深处,出现了他母亲的身影;为什么是在这一刻记忆中,母亲在这种时刻会怎样做呢很简单;母亲过去总跟他说,当你觉得紧张、焦虑、甚至害怕的时候,就深深地吸气;So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid hispole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly.于是他深深吸了一口气;在摆脱腿部肌肉紧张的同时,他轻轻地把撑竿放在脚边;他开始舒展双臂和上身;刚才飘过一阵轻风,此刻消失了;他小心翼翼地拿起撑竿,只觉得心怦怦在跳;他相信观众们的心也在怦怦跳动;场上鸦雀无声,令人透不过气来;当他听见远处飞鸟啼鸣时,他知道,自己飞身起跃的时刻到了;UNIT 61.把…改成convert… into…2.对…一无所知don’t know the first thing about…3.把…区分开来distinguish… from…4.渴望独立be craving independence5.不禁不寒而栗can’t help shuddering6.处于劣势at a disadvantage7.在…方面when it comes to…8.偶然闯进stumble into9.轻而易举地把它学好it comes easily to somebody10.咬紧牙学好它grit your teeth to get good at it11.极有可能there’s a strong chance that12.把成绩提高到A pull the grade up to an A13.恐惧的时候moments of panic14.基于be based on15.文化熏陶cultural cues16.人不是孤岛; No man is an island17.毫无疑问, 不可否认There’s no denying that…18.与…相关联be relevant to19.不容改变的结论hard and fast conclusions20.生来就懂be born knowing21.有敢冒风险而为的精神take a leap of faith22.有所选择地听别人的话have a selective hearingWhy are we so quick to limit ourselves I’m not denying that most little girls love dolls and most little boys love videogames, and it may be true that some people favor side of their brain, and others the left. But how relevant is that to me, or to anyone, as an individualInstead of translating our differences into hard and fast conclusions about the human brain, why can’t we focus instead on how incredibly flexible we are Instead of using what we know as a reason why women can’t learn physics, maybe we should consider the possibility that our brains are more powerful than we imagine.什么我们这么快就限制了我们自己呢我不否认大多数小女孩喜欢娃娃而大多数小男孩爱玩电子游戏;或许真的一些人偏爱用右半脑,另一些人偏爱用左半脑;但这于我,或任何一个个人来说又有多大关联呢为什么将男人和女人的不同归结为不容改变的结论,说成是与大脑有关,而不能看到我们难以置信的灵活性呢或许我们应该认为我们的大脑比我们所想象的要更为强大,而不是凭我们仅有的知识去为女人不能学物理提供一个理由;Here’s a secret: math and science don’t come easily to most people. No one was ever born knowing calculus. A woman can learn anything a man can, but first she needs to know that she can do it, and that takes a leap of faith.It also helps to have selective hearing.秘密在于：对大多数人来说,数学和科学学习并不比其他人来得更容易些;没有人生来就懂微积分;男人能学会的,女人也能学会;但首先女人需要明白她能做到,而那需要足够大的勇气和自信;这也会有助于我们学会有选择地采纳别人的见解;UNIT 71.排行榜 a hit parade2.严格地说strictly speaking3.对我们真正至关重要的事the things that really matter to us4.发表演说make a speech5.为了加强效果for effect6.系统的研究 a systematic study7.起源于descend from8.提出come up with9.向西漂泊drift west10.留传给我们pass on to us11.日子过得开心enjoy oneself12.抚养孩子rear/raise a child13.诺曼人征服英国the Normans conquered England14.平民百姓common people15.印刷机 a printing press16.大量新思想 a wealth of new thinking17.欧洲文艺复兴the European Renaissance18.失控be out of control19.付诸实施put into practice20.个人自由的崇尚者 a respecter of the liberties of eachindividual21.开拓新路strike out new path22.培育了…的准则nourish the principles of …23.人权the rights of man24.知识精英an intellectual eliteTwo centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was written down.两个世纪前,在印度当法官的一位英国人注意到,梵文中有一些词与希腊语、拉丁语中的一些词极为相似;系统的研究显示,许多现代语言起源于一个共同的母语,但由于没有文字记载,该母语已经失传;Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, andothers drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe. Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesar's armies found in Britain.语言学家找出了相似的词,提出这些语言的源头是他们称之为印欧母语的语言,这种语言使用于公元前3500年至公元前2000年;这些人使用同样的词表达“雪”、“蜜蜂”和“狼”,但没有表示“海”的词;因此有些学者认为,他们生活在寒冷的中北欧某个地区;一些人向东迁徙形成了印度和巴基斯坦的各种语言,有些人则向西漂泊,来到欧洲气候较为温暖的地区;最早西移的一些人后来被称作凯尔特人,亦即凯撒的军队在不列颠发现的民族;New words came with the Germanic tribes -- the Angles, the Saxons, etc. -- that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century. Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society.新的词汇随日尔曼部落——盎格鲁、萨克逊等部落——而来,他们在5世纪的时候越过北海定居在不列颠;他们共同形成了我们称之为盎格鲁－萨克逊的社会;The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work. They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter.盎格鲁－萨克逊人将他们的农耕词汇留传给我们,包括sheep, ox, earth, wood, field 和work等;他们的日子一定过得很开心,因为他们留传给我们laughter一词;UNIT 81. 在…的腹地in the heart of…2. 与…和谐相处live in harmony with3. 富足的农场prosperous farm4. 默默地穿越silently cross5. 在…中in the mists of6. 令…人目不暇接delight sb’s eye7. 以…为食feed on8. 蜂拥而至pour through9. 悄悄蔓延creep over10. 死亡的阴影 a shadow of death11. 对…迷惑不解be puzzled by12. 莫名其妙突然死去sudden and unexplained deaths13. 出奇地安静 a strange stillness14. 许许多多scores of15. 开花come into bloom16. 几处斑痕 a few patches17. 遭遇灾难的世界the stricken world18. 经历…的不幸experience the misfortune19. 多个 a substantial number of20. 想像的悲剧imagined tragedy21. 严酷现实stark reality22. 使…鸦雀无声silence the voices ofThere was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings.从前在美国中心有一个小镇,那里的万物看上去都与其四周的环境融洽相处;小镇的四周是像棋盘交错的生意盎然的农庄,还有一块块的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果园;春天来了,白色的鲜花云彩般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了,橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓,在一片松树林间火焰般地燃烧与跳跃;小山上狐狸吠叫,田野间小鹿静静地跃过,所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄雾中半隐半现;Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on theberries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns.在路的两旁,一年中许多时候,月桂树、荚莲、桤木、蕨类植物和各样的野花都能让过往的行人赏心悦目;即使是冬天,路边的景色依旧是美不胜收,那里无数的小鸟来觅取浆果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的种子;事实上,这乡村正是由于鸟类的数量和种类之繁多而出名的;在候鸟群潮涌而来的春秋季节,人们从大老远的地方慕名前来欣赏;还有的人来这里的小溪垂钓;清冽的溪水从山中流出,溪水中有许多鳟鱼藏身的背阴的水潭;所以,从许多年前开始,第一批居住者就在这里盖房挖井,搭起了自己的谷仓;。
英语笔记单词记忆核心是识记加应用，勤查词典（柯林斯词典）注意情感倾向！Why does being your best friend entail me doing everything I don’t want to do !模仿结果Why does being the cleverest species in this blue planet entail us doing everything harmful to the environment .阅读1、复习方向研究1月-5月96年至03年真题（1）查阅词汇包括同义、反义、词组、辨析、例句（2）解析长难句（有时间可以多读读Economist每日一篇，网址：/group/topic/22845469/?start=100另一网址：eco中文网（译文赏析部分，注意关于政治的不会考，关于中国的不会考，常考美欧日等。
学会精读英文文章。
注意总结主旨! 主题词!2、勤习真题（04-10年的真题）做真题方法：1、掐表做题阅读15分钟一篇，新题型20分钟一篇，大作文40分钟，小作文20分钟，完型20分钟，翻译20分钟。
2、精读（查词汇，解析长难句)3、模板句型背诵以及模仿(习作素材）经典的是2007年第3篇阅读最后一段。
From the middle-class family perspective , much of this ,understandably , looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility , and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the whole scale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders .模仿：From our conscientious perspective , much of this behavior , undoubtedly , looks far less like an opportunity to practice more reasonable distribution of elder-caring responsibility , and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the whole scale degeneration as to the issue of china’s traditio nal virtue ---respecting the elder !4、研究选项答案（阅读理解）Capability first ,then skill goes !能力第一，技巧第二！答案的倾向（感情色彩，细节服从主旨，逻辑关系）3、最后操练10月至12月练习11-14年的真题1、掐表2、精读3、句型汇总和结构编写4、研究答案5、所有错题重审6、最后12周每周一套模拟卷写作小作文：图画作文，看图作文。
主要考应用。
赢在语言小清新。
Introduction & explanation & courtesy（客套一下，表示一下建议，祝福，歉意等）热点：历年没有考过的邮件以及通知类型（感谢，道歉，销售，订购，证明，申请，咨询，建议等）大作文考研英语语法学习1、考什么，学什么，常考什么，重点学什么！以真题为蓝本学习。
（语言的规矩和法则、连词成句--语言-语法-句子的学习，有句子的地方就有语法）2、题型完型10分阅读60分——传统40分，选择搭配10分，英译汉10分写作30分3、语法考什么主要考句子，主要学习句子！4、基础语法学习1、句子结构（世界是物质的，物质是运动的！）一个句子一件事儿&多个句子多件事儿连接起来就形成了长难句简单句：一个句子一件事儿；(必备的两件事儿N.+V.)N.是主语，V.动词是谓语！注意：一主搭配一谓！简单句的核心是N.+V.谓语动词是核心！有几个谓语动词就有几件事儿！V.谓语动词的时态变化1、可以变化时态16种（一般、进行、完成；过去时、现在时、将来等）重点：现在完成时have / has done （用法：现在的之前）（1）现在的之前，已经完成（2）现在的之前，已经持续进行完成了一部分,学英语持续进行的（3）现在的之前，反复重复进行的，间断的，重复进行的过去完成时had done （用法：过去的之前）注意与一般过去时区分！Eg. When he got there ,she had left !将来完成时will have done2、可以变化语态（主动与被动）重点是被动语态被动公式：be done（1）没有主动，被动较重要（2）体现了以客观事实为主体的形式（3）考试以综合应用为主体，被动语态结合点多，适合出题。
需要注意的点：（1）、Done 表示被动的动作Be 表示被动的时态，状态eg.He is beaten everyday! /He was beaten yesterday !/ He will be beaten tomorrow ! / He is being beaten now !/ He has been beaten !现在进行时的被动：am/is/are + being done现在完成时的被动：have/has + been done 注意区分：主动语态的句子用谓语动词表示时态的变化，被动语态中be表示时态的变化！（2）、被动语态的应用范围：只有及物动词可以用被动语态，不及物动词与介词合用可以用被动语态！（3）、被动语态可以与情态动词合用。
Eg. Plane are heard ! / Plane can be heard ! / Plane could be heard ! / Plane may be heard ! / Plane must be heard !3、可以变换情态（必须，可以，么必要这么做）Might ，may , must , should , have to , can need等。
谓语动词可能不只有一个单词！Eg. I will be loving you !/You have been loved . You may forget that !以上例子可以体现出谓语动词中可能有好几个，不一定仅有一个谓语动词！可以是几个谓语动词同时构成一个谓语动词！4、可以变态（改变时态，体现虚拟。
虚拟语气！可以放在最后学习！）Adj.形容词修饰名词N.判断句子就是一个谓语动词就表示只有一件事儿！N.可以有数和格，可以有数格(单复数，名词所有格），可以有冠词（a,an,the)，可以有代词（it,its)Adv.修饰动词V.谓语动词分类谓语动词分为实义动词，非实义动词，实义动词又可以分成及物动词，非及物动词。
1、Vt. + 宾语：构成主谓宾(I love you)结构或者主谓双宾（I tell sb. Sth.)结构又或者主谓宾补( I find hongkong beautiful ！——beautiful 是宾语补足语）结构！；2、Vi. + perp. + 宾语，构成主谓( I swim )结构辨别谓语动词可以迅速的辨别从句的类型！写句子是由短到长的过程，读句子是由长到短的过程！写的时候先写N.&V.在扩展加内容。
读句子是去掉修饰补充的部分留下N.&V.的过程！英语是一个典型的通过形式补充内容的语言。
例如：I love you .- I loved you !- I am loving you ! - I loved you !中文没有特定的语法全靠意会！英语为形合，句子连接需要连接词。
中文为意合，无需连接词！So多个句子多件事儿写法：简单句&简单句&简单句&简单句之间用conj.连接就成了多个句子多件事儿！并列句&复合句并列句：多件事儿同等重要复合句：多件事儿不一样重要简单句子变长要靠Conj.复杂句子变短也要靠Conj.并列句知识点1、含义：多件事儿（两件及以上）同样重要！2、并列连词（1）顺接···and···；both ··· and ···；not only ···but also ···；not only ···but ··· as well（偏书面语）; not only ···but···（2）转折···but···；···yet···，···while···；however（3）选择···or···；either ···or···（二选一）；neither ···nor···（二者都不选）（4）因果···for···；···so···3、并列句子省略——非谓语动词（1）多个句子时出现相同的主语，此时可以省略！——因而产生了非谓语动词，实际上就是一主一谓搭配好了，多余的动词变成非谓语动词！Eg. He is lying in the bed , while he is reading a book !省略后：He is lying in the bed , () reading a book !此时reading变成了非谓语动词！对于非谓语动词主要把握两点就可以了，一是能够识别非谓语动词，二是可以辨别非谓语动词表达的意义！并列句的省略（是并列句独有的特点：并列句句子之间一样重要是特有的语法现象，所以并列句的省略是独有的特点）核心内容：相同的可以省略，不同的可以保留！多件事儿顺接的时候可以写成A, B , and C的结构复合句主句+从句1）、主句2）、从句从句较重要（名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句）名词性从句：主要有主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句四类。
