语法七大语法考试重点
一独立主格
（一）：独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（二）独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
This done, we went home.
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
二过去完成时
1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。
2）用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t.
3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
注意：had no sooner… than刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
三强调结构
考试重点：
强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…；强调句型用来强调状语。
一、强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…。
二、强调句型用来强调状语。
1、It was in that small room_____ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.
A. where
B. in which
C. which d. that
2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _______she is respected by them.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
3、It was not until she arrived in class _________realized she had forgotten her book.
A. and she
B. when
C. she
D. that she
四情态动词
考试重点：
情态动词+完成时
情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。
一、must +现在完成时表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。
1、Mr. Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.
A. must have received
B. must have failed to receive
C. must receive
D. must fail to receive
2、I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.
A. would have had
B. could have had
C. should have had
D. must have had
二、should （ought to ）+完成时表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。
1、They have done things they ought _____.
A. not to do
B. not to be done
C. not to have done
D. not having done
2、I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier.
A. had a telephone
B. have phoned
C. should have phoned
D. should be phoned
三、could +完成时表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。
1、He could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in time.
