下载文档原格式
在从前的农业社会里，中国人最重要的节日就是过年。
对过去的一年来说，这是结束；对未来的一年来说，这是开始。
一进入腊月，街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛，这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。
大家通过各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳，在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。
过年时，每家门上都贴上了春联，耀眼的红纸给人们带来了喜气，优美的字句提供了勉励。
In previous/former agricultural society, the Spring Festival was the most important holiday in China. It is the end of the past year and the beginning of the next. As soon as the twelfth month of the lunar year begins, streets are filled with an atmosphere of celebrating the Spring Festival for a month and a half. People relax and get rid of the past year’s hard work by a variety of entertainment with a sense of optimism and enterprise. During the holiday, Spring Festival couplets are put on the door of every household. The shining red paper brings happiness to people, and the elegant/graceful words offers encouragement.上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际化大都市。
翻译汉英互译
Hello, how are you today?
你好，你今天好吗？
I would like to order a pizza for delivery, please.
我想要点一份外卖披萨。
Could you please tell me where the nearest train station is?
你能告诉我最近的火车站在哪里吗？
I have a doctor's appointment tomorrow morning.
明天早上我有个医生的约会。
Can you recommend any good restaurants in this area?
你能推荐这个地区的一些好餐厅吗？
I will be traveling to China next month.
我下个月将去中国旅行。
What is the weather like today?
今天天气怎么样？
I need to buy some groceries at the supermarket.
我需要在超市购买一些杂货。
Do you have any recommendations for local tourist attractions?
你有推荐的本地旅游景点吗？
Could you please help me with this problem?
你能帮我解决这个问题吗？
Thank you for your help!
感谢你的帮助！。
1.世界经济联系日益频繁，商业往来日益紧密，这主要归因于现代通讯系统和运输系统的飞速发展使经济一体化成为可能。
The increasingly frequent association of the world economy and the closer commercial contact are mainly attributable to the rapid development of modern communication and transport systems, which have made the integration of world economy possible.2.夜幕垂垂的下来时，大小船上都点起灯火。
从两种玻璃里映出那辐射着的黄黄的散光，反晕出一片朦胧的烟霭；透过这烟霭，在黯黯的水波里，又逗起缕缕的明漪。
When night falls and lanterns on all the boats are lit, the soft, yellow light piercing two layers of glass sheds a vast halo of haze and casts shimmering stripes on the dim, rippling water.雄伟壮观的长城是中华民族创造的最宏伟的工程奇迹，她像一条巨龙，飞舞于广袤的平原，绵亘于群山峻岭，显示着中华民族的智慧和力量。
The grand and spectacular Great Wall is the most magnificent construction miracle created by the Chinese people. It winds its way like a huge dragon through the vast plains and the undulating mountains, showing the wisdom and strength of the Chinese people.3.像美国这样拥有高技术劳工和肥沃耕地的国家，它的相对优势就表现在制造计算机、飞机和科技设备等高科技含量的产品及种植小麦、玉米和大豆等土地密集型农产品上。
e.g. 意见：1、用户对贵方的包装意见很大。
End-users have a lot of complaints about your packing.2、双方价格差距很大，先谈到这里吧!你的意见如何?Since the price gap is very wide between the two parties, shall we suspend the discussion? What's your idea?3、贵方总裁和我们总经理就拟议中的合资项目坦率地交换了意见。
Y our President had a frank exchange of views with our Managing Director on the proposed joint venture project.意思：甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。
乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？甲：唉，只是意思意思。
乙：啊，真是不好意思。
A：This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Please do take it. B: Oh, aren’t you a bit too polite? Y ou should not do that.A: Well, it just conveys my gratitude.B: Ah, thank you then, though I really do not deserve it.你这是什么意思？请别误会我的意思。
What do you mean by that? Please do not misunderstand me.她被夸得不好意思。
She felt embarrassed by so much praise.让你久等了，不好意思。
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.做了这种事，亏他还好意思说呢！Fancy his doing that sort of thing and then having the nerve to talk about it.人家：1、你们村子上有多少人家？How many households are there in your village?2、他妹妹已经有人家了。
UNIT 11.她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。
（much less)2.他认为我在对他撒谎，但实际上我讲的都是实话。
（whereas)3.这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？（account for)6.这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。
（in the presence of sb.)1.你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。
（never too...to...)2.还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。
（use an appositional structure)3.由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。
than+ adjective)5.人人都知道他比较特殊：他来去随意。
（be free to do sth.)6.看她脸上不悦的神色，我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。
（free as though)1.他说话很自信，给我留下了很深的印象。
（use "which"to refer back to an idea or situation)2.我父亲太爱忘事，总是在找钥匙。
（use"so...that..."to emphasize the degree of something)（ill at ease)6.当地政府负责运动会的安全。
（take charge of )UNIT 11.She wouldn't take a drink,much less could she stay for dinner.2.He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth.3.How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week?4.The increase in their profits is due partly to their new marketno means a great writer.4.He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins to loses.5.The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.6.This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience.UNIT 31.You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.1.It is a great pleasure to meet friends from a far.2.It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.3.You must let me have the money back without fail by ten o'clock tomorrow morning.4.Allow me to take part in this project:I am more than a little interested in it.5.Everyone knows that he is special:He is free to come and go as he pleases.6.Watching the unhappy look on her face,I felt as though she wishesUNIT 61.(Just) as a machine needs regular running,so does the body need regular exercise.2.He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States.3.To our disappointment,he turned down out invitation.4.The reality is that,for better or worse,the world has changed with advance of new technologies.5.Most of the female students in my class appear to be ill at ease when (they are) required to answer questions.6.The local government took charge of the security for the sports。
汉英翻译正确确立单句的主干：1主语的确立：英语主语的严格性，只能由名词（或）代词，例如We can solve the problem. This problem can be solved in many ways.）或具有名词语法功能的语言单位（如动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句>一般指主语从句，例如To solve this problem needs patience. Working ingeniously >adj.有独创性的，具有创造才能的adv. working ingeniously有才能地，巧干> may help you learn English well. It is not known yet whether they will return today.）来充当。
2．直接用原文的主语1) 如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。
Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.2) 如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。
If vocabulary is the “building materials”for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts”of writings.3．替换主语以符合英语表达1) ①鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，②他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，③这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。
Lu Hsun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy－拍马屁，奉承or obsequiousness－谄媚; this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people.原文由意义上相互联系，结构上却相互独立的三个小句组成复句。
主语分别为名词“骨头”、代词“他”和“这”。
译者将①②合为一个分句，改原来作定语的“鲁迅”为主语，同时舍弃了“骨头是最硬的”这个在汉语中比喻人的品格“刚正不阿”的形象，以 a man of unyielding integrity 这一意译的方式取而代之；“性格”（this quality）一词原在句③充当谓语的述宾结构中的宾语，现改作主语，译文曲尽原意，语言自然。
如若搬照原文的主语，死译硬译，则成为典型的中式英语。
试比较一下译文：Lu Hsun’s bones were the hardest; he was free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people.2) 胎又瘪了。
We’ve got another flat tire.The tire turns flat again?3) 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。
It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. (刘鹗《老残游记》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译)试比较一下译文(不好):We can’t judge people from their appearance, just as we can’t measure the ocean by pints.4．找出译文中合适的主语1) 在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。
The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great manylakes in the areas around Wuhan-a city in central China.Because of the constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history, there have formed>vi.形成a great many lakes (“there be”, “a great many lakes”) in the areas around Wuhan-a city in central China.2) 健康不佳就无法有效工作。
（表示条件的主语用抽象的英语名词短语表达）Poor health may cause one’s inefficiency at work.One’s poor health will incapacitate>使不能胜任him for efficient work (from efficient work). You cannot work efficiently if you are in poor health. >口语体3) 北京地区由于近些年加强了植树造林，在一些地方飞来了稀有的鸟类。
The expansion of woods in some places around Beijing these years attracts quite a few rare birds. Quite a few rare birds come to settle down in some places around Beijing thanks to the expansion of woods there these years.4) 世纪交替，千年更迭，人类社会的发展正在揭开新的篇章。
The turn of the century has opened a new chapter in the development of human society.5) 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.At the turn of the century, China is most active in its diplomatic activities.5．主语的客观性1) 你做这事不费吹灰之力。
It is very easy for you to do such a thing.2) 决定把这问题提到下次会上讨论。
It was decided to bring the matter up at the next meeting.3) 这时我激动得说不出话来。
Words fail me here.I am too excited/stirred/agitated to utter any words.(前一表示激动人心的那种，后两个表示焦躁，不安产生的激动等)6．英语多用被动式1) 成都新改建的府南河两岸将修建许多草坪和居民大楼。
Plenty of lawns and apartment houses will be built along both the banks of the newly-renovated Funan River.2) 公共场所禁止吸烟。
Smoking is forbidden in public places.3) 这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。
So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.4) 有明显的迹象表明，一些古老的传统和价值观不再为年轻人所珍藏。
Obvious signs show that some old traditions and values are not cherished by youth any more.5) 收音机的成本降低了80％。
The cost of radio sets was reduced by 80%.6) 可以预见，在一个不太长的时间内，中国必在科学技术方面赶上世界最先进的国家。
It can be predicted that China will certainly catch up with the most advanced nations in the world in science and technology in not too long a time.7．There be专练1) 好像有点不大对头。
There seems something wrong about it.2) 古今中外，在商贸市场上历来都是大鱼吃小鱼。
There exists a law (“there be”, the logical subject to be “a law”, latent in the context) at all times and in all countries that the great fish eat up the small in the world of business.3) 古今中外，这种情况概莫能外。
There is no exception to this in modern or ancient times, in China or elsewhere.9．谓语的确立：谓语只能由动词（系动词或实义动词）或动词短语担当。
1）北京很好玩。
Beijing is a great city to have fun.2）北京外来人口逐年增多。
The number of people from other places in Beijing increases year by year.3）从北京乘火车到郑州要花十多个小时。
It takes more than ten hours to ride by train from Beijing to Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan province near Beijing.4）总统明天准备乘专机前往上海参观访问。
The president prepares to go to Shanghai by his special plane for a visit tomorrow.5）晚上过来跟我们一块打保龄球如何？Would you come to join us for playing bowling this evening?10．注意谓语动词的选择的准确性1）中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。
