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第2讲冠词和介词[全国卷考情分析]考点一不定冠词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·日照联考)Many people may think the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum, is outstanding and oldfashioned museum.an[考查冠词。
根据句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词；又因为空后单词“outstanding〞的发音以元音音素开头，故用冠词an。
]2．(2019·某某长郡中学检测)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding ceremony very often ends with unique banquet.a[考查冠词。
空后的banquet为可数名词，表示泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
]3．(2019·某某第一次教学质量检测)The Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area made up of the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, the Tianzishan mountain ranges, Baofenghu and the Suoxi Valley is very popular filming and tourist destination.a[考查冠词。
destination为可数名词，且在此表示泛指，故填a。
]4．(2019·某某五个一名校联盟第二次考试)As you know, science playsvery important role in our education.a[考查冠词。
play an important role in...为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)〞，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。
第二讲代词、介词(一)代词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give______ a try.解析：it/running 根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该尝试着跑跑步”，故填代词it，指代上文的running，此处也可直接填名词running。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find________ (they) alive.解析：them 人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。
空格前面是动词find，空格处应用宾格，故填them，指代上文的gorillas。
3．(2018·6月浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.解析：it 此处应用it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to eat out为真正的主语。
4．(2017·6月浙江高考)“She thought I had hurt ________ (I)，”says Pahlsson.解析：myself 句意：Pahlsson说：“她以为我伤到了自己”。
根据前面的主语I可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother.解析：its 句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了。
代词考向一：人称代词1：定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。
它必须在人称（第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称）、数（单数、复数）以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）三方面与被指代的名词一致。
例句：The cat is small. It（此处代指第三人称单数The dog）is Mary’ s.2. 分类：人称代词主格和人称代词宾格（1）通常主格作主语（在句首，动词前）。
例句：He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
（2）宾格作宾语（在动词或介词后）或作表语（在be动词后）。
例句：Can you understand me? 你能理解我吗？（作宾语）例句：—Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？—It’ s me. 是我。
（作表语）（3）人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。
例句：Sam is much taller than I/me. 山姆比我高得多。
（4）单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它代表主语时也是如此。
例句：—I like travelling. 我喜欢旅游。
—Me too. 我也喜欢。
（5）人称代词并列时的排列顺序。
①人称代词单数并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称→第三人称→第一人称，即you,he/she/it and I（若是承担错误责任，第一人称应当先）。
例句：It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰使她生气了。
②复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称→第二人称→第三人称，即we, you and they。
考向二：物主代词1. 定义：物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，用来说明某物属于某人或与某人有关。
2. 分类：（1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能放在名词前作定语，后面一定要跟一个名词。
my book，your name，their hobbies①放在被拥有的物体名词前，指明事物的归属者。
第二讲代__词单句语法填空1．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)Now it occurred to him (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.3．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s me/mine (I)”．4．(2014·广东高考语法填空)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination.5．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)The river was so polluted that it actually caught fire and burned.6．(2015·陕西高考改编)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.一、人称代词形式句法功能主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they 主要用作主语，有时用作表语宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them作动词或介词的宾语；口语中常用宾格作表语①She was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。
语法专题复习方略第二讲代语和it的用法Ⅰ.用适当的代词填空1.One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health.解析：句意：他们必须考虑的最重要的问题之一就是公众的健康问题。
句中that特指前面的question。
答案：that2.The CDs are on sale！Buy one and you get completely free.解析：语意为：光盘特价了！买一送一！空白处填one，指代one CD。
答案：one3.Being a parent is not always easy，and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with extra stress.解析：句意：当一名父亲或母亲并不总是容易的，当一名有特殊需要的孩子的父亲或母亲经常还要承受额外的压力。
此处的it指代的是前面提到的“being a parent is not always easy”这种情况。
答案：it4.Over the past 20 years，the Internet has helped change our world in way or another for the better.解析：考查固定短语。
in one way or another意思是“以某种方式”，相当于by some means。
答案：one5.Jane was asked a lot of questions，but she didn't answer of them. 解析：句意：Jane被问了许多问题，但她一个也没有回答。
not any表示完全否定，也可以说：Jane was asked a lot of questions，but she answered none of them。
第二讲代__词单句语法填空1．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)Now it occurred to him (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.3．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s me/mine (I)”．4．(2014·广东高考语法填空)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination.5．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)The river was so polluted that it actually caught fire and burned.6．(2015·陕西高考改编)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.一、人称代词①She was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。
②Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。
二、物主代词他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。
三、反身代词那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。
四、指示代词①The quality of ed ucation in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015·天津高考单选)这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。
②Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald’s.(2012·浙江高考单选)研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。
③Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。
④—Is James coming tonight?—I think so, but I’m not sure.——詹姆斯今晚会来吗？——我想会的，但我不能肯定。
五、不定代词(一)不定代词的基本用法important to me.因为这两本字典有用，我把两本字典都带上，每一本对我而言都很重要。
②—Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?—I’m sorry. Neither will suit me. I’ll be away on business during that period.——星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？——对不起。
那两天都不行。
我那段时间将正在出差。
③You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
④Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。
(二)复合不定代词的用法他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。
②This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.(2013·安徽高考单选)这个项目需要密切的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。
(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法①Few of us can speak four foreign languages.我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。
②I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few.我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。
③She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。
六、it的用法1．it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。
The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。
2．it指时间、距离、天气等。
It’s 112 miles from London to Birmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。
3．it 用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。
①It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。
(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without ...为真正的主语)②No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。
(it作形式宾语，动词不定式to go for ...为真正的宾语)③He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。
(it作形式宾语，从句when and where ... 为真正的宾语)[知识积累]常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：It is a pity/shame that ... 真可惜/丢人……It is no wonder that ... 难怪……It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看起来……It looks/seems as if/though ... 看起来好像……It happens that ... 碰巧……It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that ...某人突然想起……It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that ...据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议……It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/好处/浪费时间It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间主语＋表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike,appreciate, rely/count on等)＋it＋that/if/when ...①I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。
②It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind.As is known to us all, he is so stubborn.试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。
众所周知，他是如此固执。
school there was a beautifulpark with many trees around them.②(2016·太原市模拟)I often watched them carefully so as to learn his techniques. ①them→it②his→their(1)代词单复数的错用人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词等都有单复数之分，要根据上下文确定单复数。
①(2013·陕西高考)We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.②(2016·太原市测评)I’ve always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in Englishspeaking countries like your to practise and improve my English. ①ours→our②your→yours(2)物主代词的错用①形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，不能单独使用，常用来修饰名词；②名词性物主代词相当于名词，常单独使用，不能修饰名词。
①(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)He hada deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful.②(2016·洛阳高三一模)First of all, you should respect you or no one would respect you. ①himself →him②第二个you→yourself/yourselves(3)反身代词与人称代词的错用①反身代词是指代主语的，使动作的发出者把动作反射到本人身上；②若所用代词与主语不一致，就要用人称代词而不用反身代词。
