英汉地质词典

The South China Sea is a classic example of the marginal basins that typify the margin of Southeast Asia, and one with a relatively complicated tectonic history that has been linked both to the development of the active margins of the Western Pacific and to the tectonics of continental Asia following the India–Asia collision starting around 50 Ma.南海边缘盆地是一个典型的例子,代表的东南亚边缘,它有一个相对复杂的构造史，与西太平洋活动大陆边的发展以及从5000万年前开始的印度-亚洲大陆碰撞所形成的地质构造都密切相关。

The tectonics of continental break-up and seafloor spreading have been studied in this area for a significant period of time, yet our understanding of why the basin formed in the first places still remains controversial.大陆解体的构造和海底传播研究在这一区域已有相当一段时间,但是我们对于该盆地最初的形成的理解仍然是有争议的。

Two competing schools have suggested two opposing visions for what caused the basin to open.两个相互对立的学派对于该盆地的形成提出了两种对立的观点。

地质专业词汇英语翻译(A-D) 2006-4-15 12:48:50 来源：生命经纬a horizon a 层位a lineation a 线理a twin a 双晶aa lava 块熔岩aalenian stage 阿林阶abandon 废弃abandoned mine 废弃的矿山abandoned well 废孔abatis 通风隔墙abdomen 腹部abdominal appendage 腹肢abdominal cavity 腹腔abdominal fin 腹abductor 外展肌abductor muscle 外展肌abernathyite 水砷钾铀矿aberration 象差abichite 光线矿abiogenesis 自然发生abiogeny 自然发生abiotic factor 非生物因素ablation 剥蚀ablation breccia 剥蚀角砾岩ablation moraine 消融碛ablation skin 熔蚀皮ablation till 消融碛ablykite 阿布石abnormal 异常的abnormal interference color 异常干涉色abnormal metamorphism 异常变质酌abolition 废除abrade 剥蚀abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 磨蚀台地abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 磨蚀阶地abrasionn test 磨耗试验abrasive 磨料;海蚀的abrazite 多水高岭土absarokite 正边玄武岩absite 钍钛铀矿absolute age 绝对年龄absolute black body 绝对黑体absolute chronology 绝对年代学absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute geopotential 绝对重力势absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute structure 绝对构造absorbed water 吸附水absorbent 吸收剂absorber 吸收器absorbing well 吸水井absorption 吸收absorption axis 吸收轴absorption border 融蚀缘absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption edge 吸收端absorption factor 吸收率absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorptive capacity 吸收率absorptivity 吸收性abukumalite 铋磷灰石abundance 丰度abundance of elements 元素丰度abundance of isotopes 同位素丰度abundance ratio of isotopes 同位素相对丰度abysmal deposits 深海沉积物abyss 深海abyssal 深海的abyssal benthic zone 深渊底栖带abyssal deposits 深海沉积物abyssal facies 深海相abyssal hills province 深海丘陵区abyssal injection 深成贯入abyssal rock 深成岩abyssal sediments 深海沉积物acadialite 红菱沸石acadian stage 阿卡德阶acalycine 无花萼的acanthite 螺状硫银矿acanthoid 刺状的acaulescent 无茎的acaulous 无茎的acaustobiolite 非燃性生物岩accelerated development 上升发育acceleration 促进酌accelerometer 加速度计accessory 副的accessory ejecta 早成同源抛出物accessory minerals 副矿物accidental ejecta 异源抛出物accidental inclusion 外源包体accidental species 偶见种accidental xenolith 外源包体acclivity 上坡accompanying mineral 伴生矿物accordance of summit levels 山峰高度一致accordant junction 交合汇流accordion fold 棱角褶皱accretion 附加体accretion gley 结核潜育层accretion theory 吸积理论accretionary lapilli 团积火山砾accumulate 堆积accumulated temperature 积温accumulation 堆积accumulation horizon 聚积层accumulation moraine 堆积冰碛accumulation terrace 堆积阶地accumulation theory of volcano 火山堆积说accumulation till 堆积冰碛accumulative phase 堆积相accuracy 准确度acephalous 无头的acephalous larva 无头幼虫acerous 针状的acetate 醋酸盐acetic acid 醋酸acf diagram acf 图解achavalite 硒铁矿achiardite 坏晶石achirite 透视石achlusite 钠滑石achondrite 无球粒陨石achroite 无色电气石achromaite 浅闪石achromatic body 消色物体achromatic lens 消色差透镜achromatism 消色差achromatize 消色acicular 针状的aciculiform 针状的acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid earth 酸性白土acid humus 酸性腐殖质acid mine drainage 酸性矿水排水acid plagioclase 酸性斜长石acid rock 酸性岩acid soil 酸性土acid solution 酸性溶液acid spring 酸性泉acid treatment of oil payzone 油层酸处理acid treatment of well 井的酸处理acidic lava 酸性熔岩acidification 酸化acidimetry 酸量滴定法acidite 酸性岩acidity 酸度acidizing of well 井的酸处理acidophilous plants 适酸植物acidotrophic lake 酸性营养湖acidulation 酸化acline twin 翻底双晶acmite 锥辉石acotyledon 无子叶植物acotyledonous 无子叶的acoustic basement 声波基底acoustic foundation 声波基底acoustic logging 声波测井acquired character 获得形质acre foot 英亩英尺acrobatholithic 露岩基的acrochordite 球砷锰矿acrospore 顶生孢子actinides 锕系元素actinium 锕actinolite 阳起石actinolite asbestos 阳起石石棉actinolite schist 阳起片岩actinolitic greenschist facies 阳起绿色片岩相actinometer 日射表actinometry 光化测定actinomorphic 辐射对称的actinomorphous 辐射对称的actinomyces 放线菌类actinostele 星状中柱actinouranium 锕铀actinula 辐射幼虫activated adsorption 活化吸附activated carbon 活性炭activated clay 活化粘土activated complex 活化络合物activated water 活化水activation 活化activation analysis 活化分析activation cross section 活化截面activation energy 活化能activation logging 活化测井activation method 活化法activation of platform 地台活化activator 活化剂active fault 活断层active folding 活褶曲酌active glacier 活动冰川active humus 活性腐殖质active hydrogen 活性氢active plate 移动板块active remote sensing 织式遥感active tectonic pattern 活动构造型式active volcano 活火山active water 侵蚀性水activity 活度activity coefficient 活度系数activization 活化酌activization platform block 活化台块actual reserves 实在储藏量actual volume 实际容积actualily 真实actualism 现实论actuopalaeontology 现实古生物学acute 急尖的acute bisectrix 锐角等分线acutifoliate 尖叶的adamant 硬石adamantine 坚硬的adamantine lustre 金刚光泽adamantine spar 刚玉adamellite 石英二长岩adamine 水砷锌矿adamite 水砷锌矿adamsite 暗绿云母adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adaptive radiation 适应辐射adcumulate 累积岩addition 添加additional phase 加成相adductor 收肌adductor muscle scar 收肌筋痕adelite 砷钙镁石adelogenic 显衡隐晶质的adelpholite 铌铁锰矿adenoid 腺样的adergneiss 脉状片麻岩adhering 粘附性的;附着adhesion 粘附adhesive disk 吸盘adhesiveness 胶糟性adiabat 绝热线adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic curve 绝热线adiabatic equilibrium 绝热平衡adiabatic heating 绝热增温adiabatic lapse rate 绝热温度梯度adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic state 绝热状态adiabatic temperature gradient 绝热温度梯度adiagnostic 隐微晶质的adigeite 镁蛇纹石adinole 钠长英板岩adipocerite 伟晶腊石adipocire 伟晶腊石adipose cell 脂细胞adit 平峒adjacent rock 围岩adjacent sea 边缘海adjoining rock 围岩adjustment 蝶admimistration 管理admission 收气adobe 灰质粘土adoral 口侧的adsorbent 吸附剂adsorbing material 吸附剂adsorption 吸附adsorption indicator 吸附指示剂adsorptive capacity 吸附能力adular 冰长石adularia 冰长石adult 成体advance 前进adventitious plants 外来植物adventive crater 寄生火口adventive volcano 寄生火山aecidiospore 锈孢子aeciospore 锈孢子aegirine 霓石aegirine augite 霓辉石aegirite 霓石aenigmatite 三斜闪石aeolian clastics 风成碎屑岩aeolian deposit 风积aeolian landform 风成地形aeolian soil 风积土aeration 充气aeration tissue 通气组织aeration zone 饱气带aerenchyma 通气组织aerial method of geology 航空地质甸方法aerial photography 航空摄影学aerial ropeway 架空死aerial survey 航空测量aerial triangulation 航空三角测量aerify 使呈气态aerobe 需气生物aerocartograph 航空测图仪aerogenous rock 风成岩aerogeography 航空地理学aerogeology 航空地质学aerolite 石陨石aerolith 石陨石aeromagnetic survey 航空磁测aerophotogeological map 航空摄影地质图aerophotogrammetry 航空摄影测量学aerophotography 航空摄影学aerophotography of geology 地质专业航空摄影aeroplankton 大气浮游生物aeroradioactive survey 航空放射性测量aerosiderite 铁陨石aerosiderolite 铁石陨石aerosite 深红银矿aerugite 块砷镍矿aeschynite 易解石affiliation 亲缘关系affine deformation 均匀变形affinity 亲和力afflux 汇入after deep 后渊aftereffect 后效aftershock 余震afwillite 桂硅钙石agalite 纤滑石agalmatolite 寿山石agamogony 无配子生殖agate 玛瑙age 龄期age determination 时代鉴定age of cycads 苏铁植物时代age spectra 年龄谱ageing of colloids 胶体熟化agent of erosion 侵蚀力agents of metamorphism 变质营力ageostrophic wind 非地转风agglomerate 集块岩agglomerate lava 集块熔岩agglomeratic 集块岩状的agglomeration 烧结agglutinate 粘合集块岩agglutination 胶着agglutinin 凝集素aggradation 加积aggradation terrace 堆积阶地aggradational plain 堆积平原aggregate 集合体aggregation 聚集aggressive water 侵进水agitation 搅拌agmatite 角砾混合岩agnatha 无颌类agnolite 红硅钙锰矿agnotozoic era 元古代agpaite 钠质火成岩agreement 协议agricolite 闪铋矿agricultural geology 农业地质学agricultural geomorphology 农业地貌学agroforestrial geology 农林地质学agrogeology 农业地质学agrohydrologg 农业水文学aguilarite 辉硒银矿aidyrlite 杂硅铝镍矿aikinite 针硫铋铅矿air borne radioactivity 大气放射性air chamber 气室air compressor 空气压缩机air damping 空气制动air drilling 空气钻进air drying 风干air elutriation 空气淘析air flush drilling 空气冲洗钻井air gun 空气枪air hammer 气锤air lift 气动提升机air permeability 透气性air pressure 空气压力air release valve 放气阀air sac 气囊air separating tank 空气分离罐air separator 气力分离器air shrinkage 空气收缩air vent 排气孔air volcano 气火山airborne electromagnetic method 航空电磁法airborne electromagnetics 航空电磁法airborne magnetic prospecting 航空磁法勘探airborne magnetometer 航空地磁仪airborne remote sensing 航空遥感airborne survey 航空甸airial camera 航空摄影机airview 空瞰图airy phase 艾氏相airy's spiral 艾氏螺旋akaustobiolite 非燃性生物岩akaustobiolith 非燃性生物岩akerite 英辉正长岩akermanite 镁黄长石akf diagram akf图解akinete 厚壁孢子akrochordite 球砷锰矿aksaite 阿氏硼镁石ala twin 轴双晶alabandine 硫锰矿alabandite 硫锰矿alabaster 雪花石膏alabastrite 雪花石膏alamosite 铅灰石alar 翼状的alary 翼状的alaskaite 铅泡铋矿alaskite 白岗岩alate 有翼的albedo 反照率albers' equal area projection 亚尔勃斯等积投影albertite 黑沥青albian 阿尔布阶albian stage 阿尔布阶albite 钠长石albite twin 钠长石双晶albitite 钠长石玢岩albitization 钠长石化albitophyre 钠长斑岩alboranite 紫苏变玄岩aleurolite 粉砂岩aleuropelitic 粉砂泥的aleutite 易辉安山岩alexandrite 翠绿宝石algae 藻类algae control 藻类控制algal ball 海藻饼algal biscuit 海藻饼algal coal 藻煤algal fungi 藻菌类algal limestone 藻灰岩algal reef 藻礁algal structure 藻结构alginite 藻类体algodonite 微晶砷铜矿algology 藻类学algonkian 阿尔冈纪algonkian system 阿尔冈系algovite 辉斜岩aliphatic compound 脂族化合物alizarin 二羟蒽醌alkali 碱alkali alumina metasomatism 碱氧化铝交代alkali basaet 碱性玄武岩alkali earth metal 碱土金属alkali feldspar 碱性长石alkali flat 碱覆盖坪alkali gabbro 碱性辉长岩alkali granti 碱性花岗岩alkali lime index 碱灰质指数alkali metal 碱金属alkali olivine basalt 碱性橄榄玄武岩alkali pyroxene 碱性辉石alkali rock series 碱性岩系alkali salt 碱盐alkali soil 碱土alkali syenit 碱性正长岩alkalic rock 硷性岩alkalic ultrabasic rock 碱超基性岩alkalify 碱化alkalimetry 碱量滴定法alkaline amphibolization 碱性角闪石化alkaline earth 碱土族alkaline earth metal 碱土金属alkaline metasomatism 碱性交代酌alkaline pyroxenization 碱性辉石化alkaline rock 硷性岩alkaline rocks 碱性岩类alkaline soil 碱性土alkaline solution 碱性溶液alkaline spring 碱泉alkalinity 碱度alkalipicrite 碱性苦橄岩alkalitrophic lake 碱液营养湖alkalization 碱化酌alkalize 碱化alkaloid 生物碱alkanes 链烷烃allactite 砷水锰矿allagite 绿蔷薇辉石allalinite 浊变辉长岩allanite 褐帘石alleghanyite 粒硅锰矿allemontite 砷锑矿allite 铝铁土allivalite 橄榄钙长岩allobar 变压区allocation 分配allochemical metamorphism 异化变质allochetite 霞辉二长斑岩allochroite 粒榴石allochromatic colour 假色allochromatism 假色allochthone 移置岩体allochthonous 外来的allochthonous coal 异地生成煤allochthonous deposit 移积allochthonous fold 移置性褶曲allochthonous limestone 移置灰岩alloclastic breccia 火山碎屑角砾岩allogenic 他生的allogenic element 他生元素allogenic mineral 他生矿物allogenic succession 他生演替allomerism 异质同晶现象allometamorphism 他变酌allometry 异速生长allomigmatite 他混合岩allomorph 同质异形的allomorphism 同质异晶allomorphous 同质异形的allopalladium 硒钯矿allopatric polymorphism 同质多形allophane 水铝英石allophase metamorphism 他相变质alloskarn 外成夕卡岩allothigenic 他生的allothigenous 他生的allotriomorphic 他形的allotriomorphic granular texture 他形晶粒状结构allotriomorphic structure 他形构造allotriomorphic texture 他形结构allotrope 同素异形体allotropic modification 同素异形体allotropic transformation 同素异晶变化allotropism 同素异形allotropy 同素异形allotype 异模式标本alloy 合金alluvial 冲积的alluvial apron 山麓冲积扇alluvial channel 冲积河道alluvial cone 冲积锥alluvial deposit 冲积层alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial fan deposit 冲积扇层alluvial ore deposit 冲积矿床alluvial placer 冲积砂矿床alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial sand ripples 河成砂纹alluvial sand wave 河成沙波alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluvial veneer 冲积表层alluviation 冲积alluvion 冲积层alluvium 冲积层almandine 铁铝榴石almandite 铁铝榴石alnico 铝镍钴合金alnoite 黄长煌斑岩alp 高山alpha quartz 石英alpha ray spectrometer 能谱仪alphitite 岩粉土alpides 阿尔卑斯造山带alpine animals 高山动物alpine belt 高山带alpine orogeny 阿尔卑斯造山运动alpine type peridotite 阿尔卑斯式橄榄岩alpine type vein 阿尔卑斯型矿脉alpinotype orogeny 阿尔卑斯型造山酌alpinotype tectonics 阿尔卑斯型构造alsbachite 榴云细斑岩alstonite 碳碱钙钡矿altaite 碲铅矿altar 腋生的altazimuth 经纬仪alteration 蚀变alteration halo 蚀变晕alteration zone 蚀变晕altered aureole 蚀变晕altered mineral 蚀变矿物alternant 交替的alternate phyllotaxis 互生叶序alternately pinnate 互生羽状的alternating 交替alternating layers 互层alternation 互层alternation of beds 互层alternation of generations 世代交替alternative 可选择的altimeter 高度计altitude 高度altitudinal zonality 垂直分布带alum 茂alum shale 茂页岩alum slate 茂板岩alumian 无水矾石alumina 矾土aluminate 铝酸盐aluminite 矾石aluminum 铝alumochromite 铝铬铁矿alunite 茂石alunitization 茂石化alunogen 毛矾石alurgite 锰云母alveolar 蜂窝状alvite 铪锆石amagmatic 非岩浆活动的amalgam 汞齐amalgamation 混汞酌amarantite 红铁矾amazonite 天河石amazonitization 天河石化ambatoarinite 碳酸锶铈矿amber 钙铝榴石amberite 灰黄琥珀ambient 外界的ambiguity 多义性amblygonite 磷铝石ambrite 灰黄琥珀ambulacral foot 管足ambulacral system 步带系ambularcral zone 步带ameba 变形虫amendment 修正;校正americium 镅amesite 镁绿泥石ametaboly 无变态amethyst 紫水晶amherstite 反条正长闪长岩amianthus 石棉amino acid metabolism 氨基酸代谢aminobenzoic acid 氨基苯酸ammonioborite 水铵硼石ammonites 菊石类amorphous 非晶质的amorphous graphite 无定型石墨amorphous silica 无定形硅氧amosite 铁石棉amount 总计amount of evaporation 蒸发量amount of precipitation 降水量amount of throw 纵距ampangabeit 铌链铁铀矿ampelite 黄铁炭质页岩amphibia 两栖类amphibious plants 两栖植物amphibole 闪石amphibolite 闪岩amphibolite facies 角闪岩相amphibolization 闪石化酌amphigene 白榴石amphigenite 白榴熔岩amphiprotic 两性的ampholyte 两性电解质amphoteric 两性的amphoteric electrolyte 两性电解质amphoteric element 两性元素amphoteric ion 两性离子amphoteric oxide 两性氧化物amphoterite 无粒古橄陨石amplexicaul 抱茎的amplifier for photocurrents 光电僚大器amplitude 振幅amplitude correction 振幅校正amplitude spectrum 振幅谱amygdale 杏仁孔amygdaloid 杏仁岩amygdaloidal 杏仁状的amygdaloidal structure 杏仁状构造amygdule 杏仁孔anabatic wind 谷风anabolism 合成代谢anaboly 后加演化anaclinal 逆向的anadiagenesis 前进成岩酌anaerobe 厌气微生物anaerobic bacteria 嫌气细菌anaerobiosis 嫌气生活anagenesis 前进演化anal fin 臀anal gland 肛腺analbite 单斜钠长石analcime 方沸石analcimite 方沸岩analcimolith 方沸岩analcite 方沸石analog 相似体analogous organ 同功瀑analogue 相似体analogy 类似analysis by sedimentation 沉积分析analytic standard 分析标准analytical balance 分析天平anamesite 中粒玄武岩anamigmatism 深溶混合岩化anamorphic zone 合成变质带anamorphism 合成变质anaseism 背震中anastomose 网结anastrophen 倒装法anatase 锐钛矿anatectic magma 深熔岩浆anatectite 深熔混合岩anatexis 深熔酌anauxite 富硅高岭石anchieutectic 近底共融的anchimetamorphism 近变质酌anchimonomineralic 近单矿物的anchor ice 底冰ancient channel 古河道ancient elephant 古大象ancient landform 古地形ancylite 菱锶铬矿andalusite 红柱石andersonite 水碳钠钙铀矿andesine 中长石andesite 安山岩andesite line 安山岩线andorite 锑铅银矿andradite 钙铁榴石anemoclastics 风成碎屑岩anemophilous plant 风媒植物anemophily 风媒anemousite 三斜霞石angara flora 安加拉植物群angara shield 安加拉古陆angaraland 安加拉古陆angarides 安加拉古陆angiospermous 被子的angiosperms 被子植物angle of contact 接触角angle of draw 陷落角angle of incidence 入射角angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of internal friction 内摩擦角angle of reflection 反射角angle of refraction 折射角angle of repose 休止角angle of strike 走向角度angle of subsidence 陷落角angrite 钛辉无球粒陨石angular 有角的angular discordance 斜交不整合angular unconformity 钭文不整合angularity 有角angustifoliate 狭叶的anhedral 他形的anhydration 脱水anhydride 无水物anhydrite 硬石膏anhydrite formation 硬石膏层anhysteretic remanent magnetiazation 非滞后剩余磁化animal charcoal 动物煤animal debris 动物残余animal theory 动物成因论animikie system 安尼迷基系animikite 铅银砷镍矿anisian 安尼巫anisodesmic structure 蛤稳变异构造anisometric 非等轴的anisophyllous 不等叶的anisotrophism 蛤异性anisotropic 非均质的anisotropic fabric 蛤异性组构anisotropy 蛤异性anisotropy of crystals 晶体蛤异性ankaramite 钭长辉石岩ankaratrite 橄霞玄武岩ankerite 铁白云石anna aannabergite 镍华annealing recrystallization 退火重结晶酌annelids 环节动物annerodite 铌钇铀矿annite 羟铁云母annivite 铋铜矿annual 年刊annual amount of precipitation 年降水量annual plant 一年生植物annual ring 年轮annular 环状的annulation 环annulus 体环anomalous electric field 异常电场anomalous extinction 异常消光anomalous interference color 异常干涉色anomalous lead 异常铅anomalous upheaval 异常隆起anomaly 异常anomite 褐云母anonymous 不具名的anorogenic period 非造山期anorogenic time 非造山期anorthite 钙长石anorthitite 钙长岩anorthoclase 歪长石anorthosite 斜长岩antagonism 对抗酌antarctic 南极antarctica 南极大陆antecedent 先行的antecedent precipitation index 前期降雨指标antecedent river 先成河antecedent valley 先成谷anteclise 台背斜antegenetic river 原生河antenna 触角antennule 第一触角anther 药antheridium 精子囊antholite 直闪石anthophyllite 直闪石anthozoa 珊烘类anthracite 无烟煤anthracite coal 无烟煤anthraconite 沥青灰岩anthraxolite 碳沥青anthraxylon 纯木煤anthropogenic factor 人为因素anthropogeography 人类地理学anthropoid 类人猿anthropoid apes ape 类人猿anthropology 人类学anthropophyte 人为植物anthropostratigraphy 人类地层学antibonding electron 反键电子anticathode 对阴极anticlinal 背钭的anticlinal axis 背斜轴anticlinal bend 背斜弯曲anticlinal dome 背斜隆起anticlinal fault 背斜断层anticlinal fold 背斜anticlinal limb 背斜翼anticlinal mountain 背斜脊anticlinal ridge 背斜脊anticlinal theory 背斜理论anticlinal trap 背斜圈闭anticlinal valley 背斜谷anticlinal zone 背斜带anticline 背斜anticlinorium 复背斜anticlise 台背斜anticlockwise 反时针方向的anticoincidence 反符合antidune 反沙丘antiferromagnetism 反铁磁性antifluorite structure 反萤石结构antiform 背斜型构造antiformal syncline 背斜型向斜antigorite 叶蛇纹石antimonite 辉锑矿antimony 锑antimony bloom 锑华antipathy 不相容antipertite 反纹长石antiseismic 抗震的antiseptic 防腐剂antistress mineral 反应力矿物antisymmetrization 反对称化antithetic fault 反向断层antlerite 块铜矾antofagastite 水氯铜矿anulus 体环apachite 闪辉响岩apatite 磷灰石aperiodicity 非周期性aperture 孔apex 背斜顶apex of shell 壳顶aphanic 显衡隐晶质的aphaniphyric 隐晶斑状aphanite 隐晶岩aphanitic texture 隐晶结构aphanitic variolitic texture 隐晶球颗结构aphotic zone 无光带aphrosiderite 铁华绿泥石aphthalose 钾芒硝aphthitalite 钾芒硝aphthonite 银铜矿aphyric 无斑隐晶质的apical disk 顶系apical system 顶系apjohnite 锰茂aplite 细晶岩aplitic 细晶状的aplitic facies 细晶岩相aplitic texture 细晶岩构造aplogranite 淡色花岗岩apoandesite 脱玻安山岩apobasalt 脱玻玄武岩apogee 远地点apogranite 变花岗岩apolar adsorption 非极性吸附apomagmatic 外岩浆的apomagmatic deposit 外岩浆矿床apophyllite 鱼眼石apophyse 岩枝apophysis 岩枝apospory 无孢生殖apparent 外观上的apparent density 视密度apparent dip 视倾斜apparent heave 视横断距apparent resistivity 视电阻率apparent resistivity curve 视电阻率曲线apparent resistivity map 视电阻率图apparent specific gravity 表观比重apparent velocity 视速度apperance of crystal 结晶外貌apple coal 软煤applied geochemistry 应用地球化学applied geology 应用地质学applied geomorphology 应用地形学applied geothermics 应用地热学applied geothermy 应用地热学applied palaeontology 应用古生物学applied seismology 应用地震学appraisement 评价apron reef 石中住裙礁aptian 阿普第阶aptian stage 阿普第阶aqua regia 王水aquamarine 海蓝宝石aquatic 水生的aquatic animals 水栖动物aqueduct 沟渠aqueous deposit 水成沉积aqueous rock 水成岩aqueous soil 水成土aqueous solution 水溶液aquiclude 隔水层aquifer 含水层aquifer loss 含水层损失aquifer storage 合水层储水aquifer test 含水层试验aquiferous 含水的aquifuge 不透水层aquitanian stage 阿启坦阶aquitard 弱含水层arachnidea 蛛形类araeoxene 钒铅锌矿aragonite 文石arakawaite 磷锌铜矿aramayoite 硫铋锑银矿arandisite 硅锡矿arborescent 被状arc of compression 褶皱弧arc of folding 压缩弧arch 背斜archaean era 太古代archaeocyte 原始细胞archaeogeology 考古地质学archaeopteris flora 古蔽属植物群archaeopteryx 始祖鸟属archaeozoic 太古代的archaian 太古代的archbend 褶皱头部archean 太古代archean greenstone belt 太古代绿岩带arched structure 隆起构造archegone 颈卵器archegonium 颈卵器archeomagnetism 太古磁性archeophytic era 太古植物代archeozoic era 太古代archetype 原始型archipelagic apron 群岛沿边漫坡海底archipelago 群岛arcogenesis 地穹运动arcogeny 地穹运动arctic 北极圈arctic air mass 北极气团arctic front 北极锋arctic plants 北极植物arctic subregion 北极亚区arctoalpine 北极高山的arcuate 弓形的arcuate delta 弓形三角洲ardealite 磷石膏ardennite 锰硅铝矿area 分布区area of artesian flow 自廉区area of influence 影响区域areal eruption 区域喷溢arenaceous 砂屑的arenaceous rock 砂质岩arenaceous texture 砂质结构arenes 粗砂arenopelitic 砂泥质的arenose 粗砂质的arfvedsonite 钠钙闪石argentiferous 含银的argentite 辉银矿argentobismutite 硫银铋矿argentojarosite 辉银黄钾铁矾argentopyrite 含银黄铁矿argil 白粘土argillaceous 泥质的argillaceous limestone 泥质灰岩argillite 泥岩argillization 泥化argon 氩argyrodite 硫银锗矿arid basin 干燥盆地arid landform 干旱地形arid peneplain 干旱准平原arid zone 干旱带aridity coefficient 干燥系数aridity index 干燥指数ariegite 尖榴辉岩arithmetical averaging grade 算术平均品位arithmetical averaging thickness 算术平均厚度arizonite 红钛铁矿arkite 白榴霞斑岩arkose 长石石英岩arkosic sandstone 长石石英岩armangite 砷锰矿armored cone 熔壳火山锥armored fishes 甲胄鱼纲aromatic base crude oil 芳香基原油arrangement 配置arroyo 干谷arsenate 砷酸盐arsenic 砷arseniopleite 红砷铁矿arseniosiderite 钙砷铁矿arsenite 砷华arsenoclasite 水砷锰石arsenolite 砷华arsenomiargyrite 砷辉锑银矿arsenopyrite 毒砂arterite 层混合岩artesian aquifer 自廉层artesian basin 自廉盆地artesian ground water 自霖下水artesian pressure head 承压水位artesian spring 自联artesian water 自廉artesian well 自廉arthropoda 节肢动物artic front 北极峰articulation 关节artificial 人为的artificial classification 人为分类artificial crystal 人造晶体artificial diamond 人造金刚石artificial discharge 人工排泄artificial earth's satellite 人造地球卫星artificial earthquake 人为地震artificial ground water 人工地下水artificial hypocenter 人工震源artificial mineral 人造矿物artificial radio element 人工放射元素artificial radioactivity 人工放射性artificial recharge 人工补给artificial satellite 人造卫星artificial seismic source 人工震源artificial selection 人工淘汰artinite 纡维菱镁矿artinsk stage 阿丁斯克阶artinskian 阿丁斯克阶asbestos 石棉asbestus 石棉asbolane 钴土矿asbolite 钴土矿ascending development 上升发育ascension theory 上升说ascent curve 上升曲线aschaffite 云英钭煌岩ascharite 硼镁石aschistic 岩浆同质的aschistic dike 未分异岩脉aschistic dyke 未分异岩脉aschistite 未分异岩ascon type 单沟型ascospore 子囊孢子ascus 子囊aseismic 无震的asexual generation 无性世代asexual reproduction 无性生殖ash bed 火山灰层ash cloud 灰云ash cone 火山灰丘ash content of coal 煤灰分ash fall 降落灰ash flow 火山灰流ash free 无灰分的ash shower 降落灰ash structure 火山灰构造ashgillian stage 阿石极阶ashing 灰化asmanite 陨鳞石英asparagolite 黄绿磷灰石asparagus stone 黄绿磷灰石asperite 玻质英安岩asphalt 地沥青asphalt sealing trap 沥青塞圈闭asphaltenes 沥青质asphaltic base crude oil 沥青基原油asphaltic pyrobitumen 焦性沥青asphaltite 沥青岩asphaltum 地沥青aspite 盾状火山asporous 无孢子的assay 试金assay balance 试金天平assay map 采样平面图assaying 试料分析assessment well 估价井assimilate 同化assimilation 岩浆的同化酌associate 使联合associate species 伴生种associate structure 伴生构造associated mineral 伴生矿物associated ore 伴生矿association 联合association of elements 元素的共生组合assyntite 钛辉方钠正长岩assypite 钠橄辉长岩astable 不稳定的astatic 无定向的astatic magnetometer 无定向磁力仪astaticism 无定向性astatine 砹astatisation 无定向化asteroid 小行星asthenosphere 软力astian stage 阿斯蒂阶astite 红柱角页岩astrakhanite 白钠镁矾astroblem 古陨挥astrogeology 天体地质学astrophyllite 星叶石asymmetric 不对称的asymmetric carbon atom 不对称碳原子asymmetric dispersion 不对称色散asymmetric fold 不对称褶皱asymmetrical 不对称的asymmetrical anticline 不对称背斜asymmetrical crystal monochromator 不对称结晶单色仪asymmetrical ridge 不对称山脊asymmetry 非对称asynchronous 异步的atacamite 氯铜矿atatschite 线玻正斑岩atavism 返祖ataxic mineral deposit 不成层矿床ataxite 角砾斑杂岩ataxitic 角砾斑杂状的atectonic 非构造的atelestite 砷酸铋矿atlantic ocean 大误atlantic suite 大误岩套atlasspat 纤维石atmoclast 气碎岩atmoclastic rock 气碎岩atmoclastics 气碎岩atmogenic metamorphism 气生变质atmometer 蒸发表atmophile element 亲气元素atmosphere 大气圈atmospheric pressure 气压atmospheric rock 气成岩atmospheric weathering 大气风化atmospheric window 大气窗口atmospheric windows 大气窗口atoll 环礁atoll lake 环礁湖atoll texture 环礁结构atomic binding 原子键atomic bond 原子键atomic disintegration 原子衰变atomic energy level 原子能级atomic mass unit 原子质量单位atomic ratio 原子比atomic size 原子大小atomic spectrum 原子光谱atomic unit 原子单位atomic volume 原子体积atomistics 原子论atrio 火口原atrio lake 火口原湖atriopore 围鳃腔atrium 围鳃腔attenuation 衰减attenuation constant 衰减常数attenuation factor 衰减常数attraction 引力attribute 属性attrition 磨损attritus 碎集煤atypical 非典型的aubrite 顽火辉石无球粒陨石auerlite 磷钍矿augelite 光彩石augen structure 眼状构造augengneiss 眼环片麻岩auger 螺旋钻auger drill 螺旋钻augite 辉石augitite 辉石岩aulacogene 古断槽aureole 接触圈aurichalcite 绿铜锌矿auriferous 含金的auriferous conglomerate 含金砾岩auripigment 雌黄aurora 极光auroral zone 极光地带australite 澳洲似黑曜岩authigene 自生的authigenesis 自生酌authigenic 自生的authigenic element 自生元素authigenic mineral 自生矿物authigenous 自生的auto injection 自注入autobreccia 同生角砾岩autobreccited lava 同生角砾岩熔岩autocatalysis 自动催化autochthone 原地岩体autochthonous 原地的autochthonous coal 原地生成煤autochthonous deposit 原地沉积autochthonous fold 原地褶皱autochthonous granite 原地花岗岩autochthonous limestone 原地灰岩autoclases 自碎autoclast 自碎岩autoclastic 自碎的autoclastic rock 自碎岩autoclave 压热器高压锅autocorrelation function 自相关函数autogenic succession 自发演替autogeny 自生autogeosyncline 自地槽autointrusion 自侵入autolith 同源包体autometamorphism 自变质酌autometasomatism 自交代酌automolite 铁锌晶石automorphic 自形的autopneumatolysis 自气化酌autoradiography 自动射线照相术autotrophism 自养autotrophy 自养autotype 自型autunite 钙铀云母auversian stage 奥伯斯阶auxiliary curve 辅助曲线auxiliary fault 副断层auxiliary joint 副节理auxiliary mineral 副矿物available relief 有效起伏available water 可利用的水avalanche 雪崩avalanche breccia 岩崩角砾岩aven 落水洞aventurine 砂金石average life 平均寿命avezacite 钛铁辉闪脉岩avicennite 褐铊矿aviolite 堇云角页岩avogadrite 氟硼钾石awaruite 铁镍矿axe stone 软玉axial 轴的axial angle 光轴角axial colour 轴色axial distribution analysis 轴向分布分析axial plane 轴面axial plane cleavage 轴面劈理axial plane folding 轴面褶皱axial plane foliation 轴面叶理构造axial plane schistosity 轴面片理axial ratio 轴率axial section 轴向剖面axial skeleton 轴骨axial trace 轴迹axillary 腋生的axillary bud 腋芽axinite 斧石axinitization 斧石化axiolite 椭球粒axiolith 椭球粒axiolitic 椭球粒状的axis ?BR>axis of rotation 旋转轴axis of rotatory reflection 回转反射轴axis of symmetry 对称轴axis plane 轴面azeotrope 共沸混合物azeotropy 共沸性azilian age 阿齐尔时代azimuth 方位角azimuthal equal area projection 等积方位投影azimuthal equidistant projection 等距方位投影azimuthal orthomorphic 正形方位投影azimuthal projection 方位投影azimuthal quantum number 方位角量子数azoic era 无生代azurite 蓝铜矿babel quartz 塔状石英babingtonite 铁灰石bacillite 杆雏晶束back 背back deep 次生优地槽back flow 逆流back radiation 逆辐射back reflection camera 逆反射照相机back swamp 河漫滩沼泽backfill 充填background value 背景值backland 腹地backpressure 回压backshore 后滨backwash 回流backwashing method 回哩backwater 回水bacteria 细菌bacterial analysis 细菌分析bacterielles fossil 细菌化石baculite 杆菊石bad land 恶劣地baddeleyite 斜锆石badenite 镍铋砷钴矿baectuite 白头岩bag of ore 矿袋bagrationite 铈黑帘石bahiaite 橄闪紫苏岩baikalite 易裂钙铁辉石bailer 簧头;捞砂筒bajocian 巴柔阶bakerite 纤硼钙石baking coal 粘结煤balance 平衡balance resources 表内储量balanced filter 衡均滤波器balas 玫红尖晶石ball clay 球土ball diorite 球状闪长岩ball granite 球状花岗岩ball ironstone 球状铁矿石ball mill 球磨机ball porphyry 球状斑岩ball structure 球状构造ball texture 球状结构ballas 工业用球面金刚石balling 球团balsam 香胶baltic shield 波罗的地盾banakite 粗绿岩banatite 正辉英闪长岩band 带;夹层。

阐述expound(explain),state引入introduce into相应的corresponding概念conception概论overview概率probability概念化conceptualize宏观的macroscopic补充complement规划plan证明demonstrate,certify,attest证实confirmation补偿compensate,make up,imburse组合式combined type相互作用interaction稳定性评价stability evaluation均质性homogeneity介质medium层layer,stratum1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic地形land form地貌geomorphology,relief地貌单元landform unit,geomorphic unit 坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bed(channel)冲沟gully,gulley,erosion gully, stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course,fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature,karst landform 溶洞solution cave,karst cave2地层岩性地层geostrome(stratum,strata)岩性lithologic character,rock property岩层bed stratum岩层layer,rock stratum母岩matrix,parent rock相变facies change 硬质岩strong rock,film软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock覆盖层overburden交错层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding波痕ripple-mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene,picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineral composition 产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade)rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base(batholith)岩脉（墙）dike岩墙rock dike岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite流纹岩rhyolite闪长岩diorite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt橄榄岩dunite火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium-grained沉积物sediment(deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith(topsoil)软泥ooze淤泥mire,oozed mud,sludge,warp clay冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium,diluvium,diluvion洪积的diluvial冰川沉积物（层）glacier(drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvial deposits,colluvium残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble3地质构造地质构造geologic structure大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection(integrity)产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude,orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle,angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall,footwall,lower wall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding,stratification地堑graben地垒horst,fault ridge断层泥gouge,pug,selvage,fault gouge 擦痕stria,striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure,crack微裂隙fine fissure,microscopic fissure 原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy,massive层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick-laminated薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding,intercalated bed,interlayer,intermediate layer夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v.&a.degree of integrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper-out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent共轭节理conjugated joint透镜状的lens-shaped a.岩屑cuttings,debris薄膜membrane,film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.Interbedding n.粒径particle size构造层tectonosphere挤压compression均一的homogeneous致密close,compact 构造岩tectonite糜棱岩mylonite断层角砾岩fault breccia方解石脉calcite vein碎块岩clastic rock角砾breccia岩粉rock powder岩屑debris,debry固结consolidation4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere岩石圈geosphere地表径流surface runoff地下径流subsurface runoff流域valley,drainage basin流域面积drainage area,river basin area 汇水面积catchment area地下水ground water,subsurface water 地表水surface water大气水atmospheric water气态水aqueous(vapour)water液态水liquid water固态水solid water吸着水hygroscopic(adsorptive)water 介质medium空隙void孔隙水压力pore water pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力hydrodynamic pressure渗透力seepage pressure外水压力external water pressure内水压力internal water pressure水位water level,stage level水头water head含水层aquifer透水层permeable layer,pervious layer 不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge,impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude地下分水岭groundwater ridge孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karstic water结合水bound water,combined water吸着水hydroscopic water薄膜水pellicular water毛细水capillary water重力水gravitational water凝结水condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence压水试验packer permeability test5工程勘察engineering investigation勘测survey勘察阶段investigational stage初步设计primary design初步规划preliminary scheme初步勘探preliminary prospecting初步踏勘ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibility stage初步设计阶段preliminary stage踏勘reconnaissance,inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation,boring物探geophysical exploration洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding坑探exploring mining槽探trenching比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map 地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface 坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point(spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole金刚石钻进diamond drilling6安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型monitoring and prediction model监测monitoring资料datum,data可靠性reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估evaluation,appraise评定assessment,assess,rate评价准则criterion灾害hazard,calamity确定性方法论Deterministic methodology应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)事故accident静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）Evidently明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地;相关地;相同地。

（使）岩化lithify安山岩Andesite暗河underground river暗色岩melanocratic rock白云母Muscovite白云石Dolomite斑晶phenocryst斑岩Porphyry斑状变晶porphyroblast斑状结构Porphyritic texture板岩sleeve板状构造Talc半对数标度semi-logarithmic scale半晶质Merocrystalline包气带水Syenite饱和度degree of saturation饱和重度Saturated unit weight背斜Anticline崩塌Collapse比重Specific retention边坡不稳Sodium salt变晶结构metacryst texture变形Deformation变形模量deformation modulus变余结构palimpsest texture变质岩Metamorphic rock变质作用Metamorphism标准贯入试验Stock标准化石index fossil表面张力suspended water玢岩Porphyrite冰川沉积Glacial deposit波痕ripple mark剥落exfoliation剥蚀作用denudation泊松比Poisson's ratio补给Recharge不等粒结构Inequigranular texture不对称褶皱asymmetric fold不均匀[局部]膨胀differential expansion不均匀的Heterogeneous不均匀系数Coefficient of Uniformity 不连续Discontinuity不整合Unconformity残积土Eluvial soils残余应力residual stress侧向侵蚀lateral corrosion测震仪seismograph层理Bedding层面Bedding planes产状occurrence超固结Over consolidated超基性岩Unconfined aquifer or沉积物sediment沉积学sedimentology沉积岩Sedimentary rock成层的Bedded成分component承压含水层Confined or artesian aquifer承压水confined water持水度Specific yield赤铁矿Hematite冲击土Alluvial soil冲刷Scouring垂直分带Vertical zoning垂直运动vertical movement次生矿物Secondary minerals粗砾Cobbles粗面岩transverse strain达西定律Darcy's law大理岩Marble代Era单粒结构single-grained structure flocculent structure 单斜褶皱Monoclinal fold弹性Elasticity弹性模量modulus of elasticity挡土墙retaining wall倒转褶皱overturned fold等粒结构granular texture等斜褶皱Isoclinal fold地层层序律Law of Superposition地层对比法Stratigraphic地层学Stratum (pl. strata)地层学的stratigraphy地核the mantle地基Foundation地基稳定性foundation stability地壳earth crust地壳运动crustal movement地垒Horst地幔time unit地貌学geomorphology地面沉降Land subsidence地堑Graben地下工程Underground engineering地下水Groundwater地形Tertiary地震Earthquake地质构造Geological structure地质勘探geological survey地质罗盘geological compass地质年代单位Topaz地质时标Geological Time Scale地质时期Geological time第三纪the core第四纪Quaternary定向压力Directional pressure动力变质作用dynamic metamorphism动水压力Hydrodynamic pressure冻融作用Freezethaw action断层fault断层擦面sliding bed断层带fault zone断层角砾岩Fault breccias断层面Fault plane断层倾角Fault dip断层倾角Hade断层三角面triaxial compression test断层线Fault line断层崖Fault scarp断层走向Fault strike断距Fault distance断裂Fracture断裂fracture堆积，沉淀Deposit堆积阶地accumulational terrace对称褶皱Syncline二氧化碳carbon dioxide方解石Calcite非承压含水层Water-table aquifer分层Stratigraphic correlation method分类classification分选性差poorly graded分选性好well-graded粉砂Silt粉砂岩Siltstone风成沉积物Wind deposit风化作用Weathering蜂窝结构honeycomb structure浮托力Uplift pressure浮岩Pumice复合褶皱composite fold覆盖层Overburden钙长石anorthite橄榄石Olivine橄榄岩Peridotite干重度Dry unit weight刚玉Corundum高岭石Kaolinite各向同性Homogeneous各向异性的Anisotropic给水度spring更新世Pleistocene工程地质勘查engineering geological investigation 工程地质剖面图engineering geological profiles工程地质学Engineering geology工程实践engineering practice构造地震tectonic line构造地质学structural plane构造谷tensile fracture构造裂隙structural geology构造盆地tectonic earthquake构造线Tectonic process构造运动tectonic valley古生代Palaeozoic谷底Valley floor固结Consolidation固结灌浆consolidation grouting固结作用consolidation固体颗粒solubility管涌Piping贯入仪penetrometer贯入阻力penetration resistance光泽Luster硅酸铝aluminium silicate硅氧矿物silica minerals海拔Elevation海底地震sulphate海啸ultimate bearing capacity 含水层Aquifer含水量Water content含水量Water content河岸river bank河槽横断面channel cross section河床river bed河流River河流阶地river terrace河漫滩alluvial flat河曲meander荷载强度load intensity黑云母Biotite横向应变Triangular facet洪积物Pluvial deposits湖相沉积lake deposit花岗岩Granite滑动带Slope deposits滑动面Slip zone滑坡Landslide滑坡床Sliding body滑坡后壁sliding terrace滑坡舌slip surface滑坡台地Sliding tongue滑坡体Sliding cliff滑石tectonic basin化合物compound化石fossil化学风化chemical weathering化学岩Chemical rock黄铁矿Pyrite黄玉Trachyte辉绿岩Diabase辉石Pyroxene辉岩Pyroxenite辉长岩Gabbro活性断层active fault火山地震volcanic earthquake火山灰volcanic ash击数blow count基础Footing基础Footing基床反力系数Coefficient of sub-grade reaction基性岩Basic igneous rocks基座阶地pedestal terrace级配曲线Grading curve级配曲线Grading curve级配筛分试验gradation test极限承载力ultimate load极限荷载Ultrabasic igneous rocks极限平衡法limit equilibrium methods集水沟Catch drain脊crest纪Period钾长石potash feldspar假整合disconformity剪切裂缝Shear cracks剪切裂隙shear fracture剪切破坏shear failure降水漏斗Cone of depression交错层理cross bedding胶结作用cementation胶体Colloid角度不整合angular unconformity角砾岩Breccias角砾岩化Brecciation角闪石Hornblende接触变质作用contact metamorphism接触泉contact spring节理joint节理玫瑰花图Joint rose map结构面Subgrade结合水Bound water, combined water, held water 结晶度degree of crystallinity结晶水Crystal water解理Cleavage解理Cleavage界Erathem金刚石Diamond晶体crystal井well静力触探试验Cone Penetration Test静载荷试验Loading Test绝对年龄测定Absolute Dating均质Isotropic喀斯特Karst喀斯特水（岩溶水）karst water抗滑桩anti-sliding pile抗剪强度Shear strength抗拉强度Tension crack抗压强度Compressive strength颗粒组成Grain composition可溶盐类Solution可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙度Porosity孔隙水Pore water孔隙压力Pore pressure孔压静力触探piezocone penetration test 块石，漂砾Boulders块状构造massive structure矿物Mineral拉张裂缝terrain里氏震级Richter scale砾岩Conglomerate粒度分布grain size distribution粒级层理graded bedding粒级分析Slate粒径grain size粒状构造granular texture裂隙水fracture water临界含水率critical moisture content临塑荷载critical edge pressure磷灰石Apatite流沙Quicksand流体静压力Hydrostatic pressure流网flow net流纹岩Rhyolite流纹状构造rhyotaxitic structure硫化氢hydrogen sulphide硫酸盐Surface tension漏斗Funnel路基submarine earthquake路堑边坡cutting slope落水洞size analysis绿泥石Chlorite氯化物chloride麦氏震级Mercalli Scale盲沟blind drain毛细水Capillary water毛细压力Capillary pressure锚筋（钉，杆）anchoring bar (pin, rod)蒙脱石Montmorillonite糜棱岩Mylonite糜棱岩化mylonitization密度density密实度compactionness磨损attrition莫氏硬度计Mohs' Scale of Hardness母岩parent rock钠盐soil gas内摩擦角internal friction泥裂mud crack泥岩Mud stone逆断层reverse fault牛轭湖oxbow lake排水Drainage排水槽Drainage channel膨胀系数coefficients of expansion膨胀性dilatability片理Schistosity片麻岩Gneiss片麻状构造gneissic structure片状构造schistose structure平板载荷试验plate loading test平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter 平卧褶皱recumbent fold坡积物Slope failure普通辉石augite期Age气孔状构造vesicular structure千枚状构造phyllitic structure牵引式滑坡Retrogressive slide前寒武纪Pre-Cambrian time潜水phreatic water浅成岩Hypabyssal rock浅基础shallow foundations浅色岩leucocratic rock浅源地震shallow-focus earthquake强烈地震structural fracture侵蚀corrasion侵蚀谷erosional valley侵蚀阶地erosional terrace侵蚀泉eroded spring亲水性hydrophilicity倾伏褶皱Plunging fold倾角dip angle倾向dip倾斜构造Inclined structure穹庐Dome区域变质作用regional metamorphism曲率系数Coefficient of Curvature, 曲线P~s curve p-s曲线s~logt curve s-logt取样sampling全玻璃质（非晶质）Holohyaline全晶质Holocrystalline全新世Holocene泉水stalactite泉水出露outcrop of spring人工地基artificial foundation人工地震artificial earthquake容许承载力allowable bearing capacity 溶解Dissolution溶解度Soluble salt溶解作用specific gravity溶蚀corrosion溶蚀谷corroded depression polje 润湿角Wetting angle三相土True dip三轴压缩试验tri-phase soil砂Sand砂沸sand boil砂砾Gravel砂岩sand stone山链mountain chain闪石Amphibole闪长岩Diorite扇状褶皱Fan fold上层滞水perched water上盘Hanging wall蛇纹石Serpentine深暗色岩hypermelanic rock深成岩Plutonic rock深基础deep foundations深源地震plutonic earthquake渗流Seepage渗流破坏Seepage failure渗流速度seepage velocity渗流压力seepage forces渗透Infiltrate渗透力seepage force渗透率Permeability渗透系数Coefficient of permeability生物风化biological weathering生物化学岩Biochemical Rock十字板剪切试验Shear Vane Test石膏Gypsum石榴子石Garnet石笋Standard Penetration Test石芽Clint石英Quartz石英岩Quartzite世Epoch视倾角apparent dip枢纽Hinge枢纽线Hinge line水化作用hydration水解作用hydrolysis水力传导率Hydraulic conductivity水力梯度Hydraulic gradient水平层理horizontal bedding水平构造horizontal structure水平褶皱Horizontal fold水文地质条件Hydrogeological condition塑性Plasticity塑性指数Plasticity index酸性岩Acidic igneous rocks碎裂作用cataclasis碎屑沉积detrital sediment碎屑岩Clastic Rock缩限shrinkage limit碳酸carbonic acid碳酸钙calcium carbonate碳酸化作用carbonation碳酸镁magnesium carbonate碳酸盐carbonate套筒Slickenside体积裂隙数Joint number in one cubic meter 天然地基natural foundation天然含水量natural moisture天然结构natural structure天然应力状态natural state of stress天生桥natural bridge条痕strike条形基础strong motion earthquake铁镁质矿物mafic同位素年龄测定Radiometric dating统Series透镜体Lense土Solid particle土壤气体Soil Water土壤水Soil拖曳褶皱drag fold外力external force伟晶岩Pegmatite纹理Vein无侧限抗压试验Unconfined Compression Test 物理风化physical weathering系tabular structure下盘Footwall下切侵蚀vertical erosion显晶质Phanerocrystalline显生宙Phanerozoic time相对密度relative density相对密度relative density, density index 相对年代测定Relative dating向斜System斜层理oblique bedding斜长石Plagioclase新生代Cenozoic杏仁状构造amygdaloidal structure絮状结构Sinkhole玄武岩Basalt压缩系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性compressibility岩崩rockfall岩层Bed岩层Streak岩层露头outcrop岩床Sill岩沟Lapie岩基Batholiths岩浆Magma岩浆岩Igneous rock岩脉Dyke岩盆Lopolith岩溶洞karst cave岩石Rock岩石破裂rock failure岩石强度Rock strength岩石碎片fragments of rock 岩石学petrology岩体Rock Mass岩株Stratification阳离子cation氧化作用oxidation叶理Foliation页岩Shale液化liquefaction液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity index伊利石Illite溢出泉overflow spring 翼Limb翼间角Inter-limb angle 阴离子anion隐晶质Cryptocrystalline 萤石Fluorspar硬石膏Anhydrite有机物organism有机物质Organic materials 有机物质Organic substance有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size有效重度effective unit weight 原生矿物Primary mineral原位测试In-situ test云母Mica粘土Clay粘土矿物Clay mineral张性裂隙Tensile strength长英矿物felsic褶轴Fold axis褶皱Fold真倾角tsunami震源earthquake focus震中Epicenter整合conformity正断层normal fault正长石Orthoclase feldspar正长岩symmetric fold直拉试验Direct Pull Test中色岩mesocratic rock中生代Mesozoic中性岩Intermediate igneous rocks 钟乳石stalagmite重度weight重结晶作用Recrystallization重力水Gravity water重碳酸盐Bicarbonate轴面axial surface轴平面Axial plane轴线Axis轴向应变axial strain宙eon主流master stream桩基础pile foundation自流井Artesian well自流泉artesian spring综合治理Comprehensive treatment 走向strike-slip fault走向平移断层strip footing组Formation钻孔柱状图bore histogram最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水量optimum water content。

英汉构造地质学词汇一英汉构造地质学专业词汇(与Foundations of Structural Geology 配套使用)曾佐勋选编中国地质大学(武汉) 2007编写说明为了配合地质学理科基地班《构造地质学》教学，我们于2002 年，从R.G. Park 所著的Foundation of Structural Geology (3 rd ed, 1997)一书中选编了与构造地质学关系较密切的部分专业词汇，以英汉对照的形式刊出，便于学生使用。

以求对学生在全英文教学课堂和课下学习时有所帮助。

根据近几年使用情况，效果不错。

本次进行了适当补充，并由中国地质大学（武汉）作为校内补充教材出版。

使用过程中若发现不当之处，欢迎多提批评和建议，以便及时补充更正。

编者2007 年1 月Contents- 1 -Chapter 1Basic Concept bedding planes层面geometry几何学deposit存放,堆积,沉淀incline倾斜,斜坡,斜面isopachytes等厚线undeformed无形变的surface表面,外表,水面portray描绘diastem沉积暂停期reconstruct重建,改造,推想sedimentation沉淀,沉降interpretation解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译non-sequence间断不连续stratigraphic地层学的faunalbed岩层tilt.(使)倾斜, (使)翘起stratum (pl. strata)岩层discordance不调和,不和bedded成层的volcanogenic火山(生成)的formation组bedding层理synonymous同义的cessation停止,终止paraconformity似整合，沉积间断outcrop露出地面的岩层disconformity假整合,平行不整合cross bedding交错层理graded bedding粒级层理unconformity角度不整合overstep踏过,逾越,超出...的限度basal基础的,基本的,基部的truncate 截去尖端,修剪overstep超覆nonconformity非整合onlap上超、超覆transgression海侵、海进offlap退覆regression海退toplap顶超downlap下超strike 走向dip倾角true dip真倾角foliation面理compass bearing罗盘方位azimuth方位,方位角apparent dip视倾角given特定的,假设的stereogram极射(赤面投影)图plunge倾伏角orthogonal直角的,直交的pitch侧倾角clinometer测斜仪structure contour构造等高线form lines形态线form line contour形态等高线isopachyte等厚线borehole钻孔，地上凿洞feather edge尖灭subcrop隐伏露头intersection交叉点outliers外露层topographic地形上的inliers内露层down plunge projection俯瞰倾伏投影diagrammatic图表的,概略的palinspastic复原再造balanced section平衡剖面Chapter 2Faults and Fracture strike-slip fault走滑断层fracture破裂wrench fault平推断层tear fault平推断层joint节理transcurrent fault横推断层hanging wall上盘heave平错cohesion结合,凝聚throw落差foot wall下盘normal fault正断层dilationalreverse逆断层calcite方解石dyke沟,渠,堤坝aqueous水的, 水成的hade断层倾斜余角lay fault滞后断层dip-slip fault倾滑断层nomenclature命名法,术语sinistral左旋dextral右旋left-lateral左行ritht-lateral右行fault brecci断层角砾brittle易碎的, 脆弱的ductile易延展的, 易教导的, 柔软的fault gouge断层泥flinty坚硬的,强硬的plateystreaky有斑点的, 有条纹的, 容易变的striate有条纹的, 有细槽的crush breccia压碎角砾岩cataclasite碎裂岩cataclasis碎裂作用mylonite糜棱岩blastomylonite变余糜棱岩ultramylonite超糜棱岩pseudotachylite假玄武玻璃slickensides擦痕面slickenside striation擦痕groove擦槽,凹槽flexure屈曲,弯曲部分,打褶slickenline擦线slickenfibre擦痕纤维normal drag正牵引nappereverse drag逆牵引synthetic faults次级同向断层，同级断层antithetic faults次级反向断层，相反断层graben地堑horst都垒splay fault入字形、八字形、人字形断层系transfer fault转换断层transform fault转换断层staircase fault阶状断层ramp断坡flat断坪detachment拆离decollement滑脱convergent会聚性的, 收敛的piggyback sequence背驮式逆冲顺序overstep sequence超覆式逆冲顺序imbricate zone叠瓦带roof thrust顶板逆冲断层floor thrust底板逆冲断层duplex双层结构horses断片sole thrust基底逆冲断层，冲断层基底活动面fold plunge褶皱倾伏角back thrust背冲,反冲triangle zone三角带listric fault犁式断层rollever anticline滚动背斜listric fan犁式扇extensional duplex伸展双层构造half-graben半地堑pull-apart basin拉分盆地rift裂缝, 裂口, 断裂divergent分歧的tabular扁平的, 表格式的, 平坦的perpendicular垂直的,正交的transtension转换拉伸扭张作用transpression转换压缩扭压作用flower structure花状构造inversion反转positive inversion正反转negative inversion负反转sheet joint(顺)层节理席状节理Chapter 3Folds wavelength波长fold褶曲amplitude波幅hinge枢纽fold axial trace褶皱轴迹limb翼antiform背形hinge line枢纽线synform向形cylindrical fold圆柱状褶皱neutral fold中性褶曲axial plane轴平面anticline背斜fold axis褶轴syncline向斜axial surface轴(曲)面upright folds直立褶皱inter-limb angle翼间角inclined folds倾斜褶皱neutral fold中性褶皱overfolds倒立褶皱inflexion point拐点fold angle褶角crest脊trough槽gentle fold平缓褶皱open fold开阔褶皱close fold中常褶皱tight fold紧闭褶皱isoclined fold同斜褶皱fold profile褶曲剖面parallel fold 平行褶皱ovthogonal thickness垂直层面厚度concentric fold同心褶皱centre fo curvature曲率中心similar fold相似褶皱chevron fold尖棱褶皱accordion fold棱角褶皱kink band膝折带dip isogon等斜线symmetric fold对称褶皱asymmetruc fold不对称褶皱nonocline等斜vergence倒向parasiteic folds寄生褶皱enveloping surface包络面harmonic folds协调褶皱disharmonic folds不协调褶皱conjugate folds共轭褶皱box fold箱状褶皱polyclinal fold多斜褶皱cylindroidal fold圆柱状褶皱non-cylindrol fold非圆柱状褶皱pericline围斜构造brachyanticline短轴背斜brachysyncline]短轴向斜dome穹窿basin盆地culmination轴隆区depression轴陷区凹陷interference干涉superimpose fold叠加褶皱interferene structure干涉构造dome and basin穹盆(相间)crescent and mushroom新月形，蘑菇形double zigzag双之字buckling纵弯作用bending横弯作用flexural slip 弯滑kinking膝折shear zone剪切带slide滑动，滑移penetrative透入性Chapter 4Foliation，Lineation and Fabric non-pentrative非透入性folliation面理spaced cleavage间隔劈理gneisose banding片麻状条带beddign folliation顺层面理gneissosity片麻理lineation线理tetrahedron[晶]四面体fabric组构conglomerate聚结cleavage劈理mica云母schistosity片理hornblende角闪石slaty cleavage板劈理mudstone泥岩fracture cleavage破劈理specimen标本,样品,样本crenulation cleavage褶劈理muscovite白云母solution cleavage溶解劈理clay粘土,泥土lensoid透镜状的,透镜状结构aggregate集合体,集合的,聚合的slate板岩slab厚平板,厚片microlithou微劈石hydraulic fracturing水压破裂作用pressure solution压溶stylolite缝合线metamorphic segregation变质析离作用meamorphicdefferentiation变质分异作用augen gniss眼球状片麻岩shape fabric形态组构intrafolial fold面理内褶皱rootless intrafolial fold面理内无根褶皱lamination迭片结构elongation lineation伸长线理symmetric相称性的, 均衡的asymmetric不均匀的, 不对称的nullion structure窗棂构造fissility易裂性,分裂性lithology岩石学, 岩性shale页岩, 泥板岩limestone石灰石schist片岩augen眼球状体paragneiss副片麻岩orthogneiss正片麻岩Intrafolial folds面理褶皱crenulation cleavage细褶皱劈理mullion竖框, 直棂, 放射状框Cuspate-lobate folds尖圆褶皱Mineral lineations矿物线理growth anisotropy生长各向异性boudin石香肠boudinage石香肠构造pinch-and-swell肿缩石香肠chocolate-table structure巧克力方盘构造fabric组构homogeneous 均匀heterogeneous非均匀stacking fault堆垛层错sub-grain boundary亚颗粒边界undulose extinction波状消光deformation band变形带lattice格子deformation lamellae变形纹deformation twinning变形双晶Chapter 5Stress principal stress planes主应力面deformation变形stress axial cross应力轴十字geometrical几何学的, 几何的hydrostatic stress静水应力force力deviatoric stress偏斜应力Confining pressure围压lithostatic stress静岩压力stress应力trajectory轨道、轨线newton牛顿stress field应力场pascal帕斯卡stress fragectories应力迹线bar巴kilbar千巴normal stress正应力principal stress axes主应力轴shear stress剪应力stretch长度比Chapter 6Strain factor系数strain应变strain ellipse应变椭圆principal strain主应变dilation体变膨胀度strain ellipsoid应变椭球distortion畸变形变coaxial strain共轴应变homogeneous strain均匀应变pure shear纯剪切inhomogeneous strain非均匀应变simple shear简单剪切extension伸长应变prolate ellipsoid长椭球体shear strain剪应变Constrictional strainelongation伸长度Flattening strainshortening缩短率ablate ellipsid扁椭球体infinitesimal无限小progressive deformation渐进变形Prolate ellipsoid扁长椭球体Oblate ellipsoid扁平椭球体coaxial共轴的finite strain有限应变infinitesimal strain无穷小应变growth fibre生长纤维crack-seal mechanism裂隙焊封机制delayed recovery迟滞回复brittle脆性ductile韧性yield strength屈服强度failure strength破坏强度ultimate strength极限强度confining pressure围压extrapolate外推，推断marble大理石feldspar长石creep蠕变primary creep初期蠕变secondary creep二期蠕变tertiary creep三期蠕变cataclasis碎裂作用grain boundary sliding颗粒边界活动intracrystalling plasticity晶内塑性dislocation glide位错滑移dislocation creep位错蠕变strain hardening应变硬化diffusive mass transfer扩散质量迁移solution creep溶解蠕变pressure solution压溶crystal plasticity晶质塑性superplasticity超塑性coble creep柯勃尔蠕变nabareo-herring creep纳巴罗-赫林蠕变deformation map变形图coldworking冷加工hotworking polygonization热加工多边形化annealing退火spherulite球粒bilaterally symmetrical fossil两侧对称化石vesicle气泡volcanic rock火山岩strain determination in threedimensions三维应变测量reduction spot退色斑spherulite球粒fossil化石recrystallization spot重结晶斑点hornfels角岩concretion结核thin section薄片centre-to-centre method心对心法atypical非典型的deformed conglomerate变形砾石superimposition of strain应变叠加Griffith-murrell failure格里菲斯-穆雷尔破坏准则Chapter 9faulting and stress criterionbrittle failure脆性破坏seismic fault发震断层stress criteria of brittle脆性强度应力准则strengthaseismic fault无震断层stick-slip粘滑angle of internal friction内摩擦角focal-plane solution震源面解Mohr failure envelope莫尔破坏包络线fault-plane solution断层面解coulomb failure库伦破坏准则auxiliary plane辅助面diabase辉绿岩dolerite辉绿岩，粗粒玄武岩slip滑动Griffith failure criterion格里菲斯破坏准则Chapter 10strain in folds and shear zonebuckling纵弯作用tangential longitudinal strain切面纵应变cleavage refraction劈里折射Card-decksheath fold等鞘褶皱disharmonic fold不谐和褶曲S-C structure S-C 构造σ-structureσ构造δ-structureδ构造Stereographic projectionSterographic projection极射赤平投影Orientation方位Projection sphere投影球Great circle大圆Primitive circle基圆Lower-hemisphere projection下半球投影Cyclographic trace圆弧Sterographic net赤平投影网Equatorial plane赤平面Wulff net吴氏网Schmidt net施密特网Equal angual projection等角度投影Equal area projection等面积投影Longitude great circle经线大圆Latitude small circle纬线小圆Diameter直径Pole极点Normal法线Sterogram极射赤平投影图Density distribution密度分布Contour diagram等密图Preferred orientation优选方位Plotted points投点Center counter中心密度计Peripheral counter边缘密度计Pole diagram 极点图Point diagram（投）点图。

四. 矿床地质应用地质分册矿床学study of ore deposits, mineral deposits矿床地质学geology of ore deposits经济地质学economic geology区域成矿学regional metallogeny实验矿床学experimental metallogeny 矿石学ore petrology矿产ore, useful mineral, mineral resources金属矿产metallic ore非金属矿产nonmetallic ore燃料矿产mineral fuel矿石ore矿石矿物ore mineral工业矿物industrial ore伴生矿associated ore共生矿paragenic ore矿胎protore脉石gangue脉石矿物gangue mineral, vein mineral 夹石horse-stone, dunn bass矿石自然类型natural type of ore矿石品级grade of ore矿石品位tenor of ore成矿母岩mother rock围岩country rock主岩host rock矿体ore body隐伏矿体concealed ore body埋葬矿体buried ore body盲矿体blind ore body贯入矿体injected ore body矿体产状mode of occurrence of ore body, attitude矿体形状form of ore body矿体形态morphology of ore body矿层ore beds矿脉vein似层状矿脉bedded vein网脉stockwork, network重膜状矿脉sheeted-zone veins裂缝矿脉gash vein透镜状矿体lensoid ore body, lenticular ore body矿柱ore column, ore pillar矿筒ore pipe, ore chimney矿囊ore pocket矿巢ore nest鸡窝状矿体nest-like ore body梯状矿脉ladder veins鞍状矿脉saddle reef放射状矿脉radiated veins帚状矿脉broom-like veins斜列式矿脉echelon-like veins锁链状矿脉chain-like veins阿尔卑斯型矿脉Alpine-type vein环状矿体ring-like ore body富矿体bonanza闹堂bonanza尖灭thinning out, pinch out, pinching 狭缩thinning, pinching, pinch out 膨大widening, thickening分支branching, bifurcation复合converging成矿元素ore-forming element矿化剂mineralizer, mineralizing agent成矿流体ore-forming fluid, mineralizer气液包裹体fluid inclusion含矿热水溶液ore-bearing hydrothermalsolution超临界含矿流体supracritical ore fluid上升溶液ascending solution下降溶液descending solution成矿作用mineralization, ore formingprocess矿化作用mineralization外生成矿作用exogenic metallization内生成矿作用endogenic metallization岩浆成矿作用magmatic ore-formingprocess火山成矿作用volcanogenic ore-formingprocess热卤水成矿作用hot-brinemetallogenesis红海海底成矿作用submarinemineralization in the Red Sea东太平洋洋隆成矿作用submarinemineralization at East Pacific Rise交代作用metasomatism, metasomatosis扩散文代作用diffusive metasomatism渗滤交代作用infiltrationmetaso-matism双交代作用bimetasomatism充填作用cavity filling叠生作用telescoping同生成矿作用syngenetic ore-formingprocess活化转移成矿作用ore-forming processby remobilization变质成矿作用metamorphicmetalli-zation变质分泌成矿作用metallization bymetamorphic secretion多旋回成矿作用polycyclicmetaallogeny上升洋流成矿作用upwelling currentmineralization成矿模式metallogenic model板块构造成矿模式plate-tectonic modelfor metallogenesis地下水循环成矿模式groundwatercirculation metallogenic model萨布哈成矿模式sabkha metallogenicmodel成矿建造metallogenic formation地槽型成矿建造metallogenic formationof geosyncline type地台型成矿建造metallogenic formationof platform type地洼型成矿建造metallogenic formationof diwa type矿床成因说metallogeny同生成矿说syngenetic ore-formingtheory岩基成矿说batholith hypothesis ofmineralization岩钟成矿说cupola hypothesis ofmineralization侧分泌说lateral secretion theory花岗岩化成矿说granitization theory ofmetallization槽台成矿说geosyncline-platform theoryfor metallogenesis递进成矿说progressive metallogenesis矿化集中（金属）区学说theory ofconcentration of metallogenesis深部构造线成矿说metallogeny of deeplineaaments宇宙源成矿说cosmogenic hypothesis ofmineralization矿源层source bed地质温度计geologic thermometer地质压力计geologic barometer均一法homogenization method爆裂法decrepitation成矿期epoch of mineralization成矿阶段stages of mineralization成矿时代metallogenetic epoch成矿区metallogenic province成矿带metallogenic belt太平洋成矿带circum-Pacificmetallo-genic belt特提斯成矿带Tethyan Metallogenic belt矿带ore zone矿田ore field矿区mine矿床组合association of ore deposits矿床系列minerogenetic series of oredeposits成矿控制因素metallogenic factors岩浆岩成矿专属性metallogenicspecialization of magmatic rocks矿床mineral deposits矿床成因类型genetic types of mineraldeposits矿床工业类型commercial types ofmineral deposits金属矿床ore deposits非金属矿床nonmetallic mineral deposits燃料矿床mineral fuel deposits，caustobiolith deposits同生矿床syngenetic deposit后生矿床epigenetic deposit层控矿床stratabound deposits层状矿床strataform deposit内生矿床endogenic deposit外生矿床exogenic deposit再生矿床regenerated deposit新生矿床juvenile ore deposit岩浆矿床magmatic deposit矿浆ore magma正岩浆矿床orthomagmatic mineraldeposit早期岩浆矿床early magmatic mineraldeposit结晶分异矿床crystallizationdifferen-tiation deposit熔离矿床liquaation deposit晚期岩浆矿床late magmatic mineral1deposit伟晶岩矿床pegmatitic mineral deposit 火山成因矿床volcanogenic mineral deposit喷气矿床exhalation deposit岩浆期后矿床post-magmatic mineral deposit气化一热液矿床pneomato-hydrothermal deposit热液矿床hydrothermal deposit矽卡岩矿床skarn mineral deposit接触交代矿床contact-metasomatic deposit高温热液矿床hydrothermal deposit浅成高温热液矿床xenothermal deposit 中温热液矿床mesothermal deposit低温热液矿床epithermal deposit远成热液矿床telethermal deposit交代矿床metasomatic mineral deposit 充填矿床mineral deposit by cavity filling叠生矿床telescoped deposit二重成因矿床diplogenetic deposits矿床分带zonal distribution of mineral deposit垂直分带vertical zoning水平分带horizontal zoning沉淀分带precipitation zoning间歇分带intermittent zoning脉动分带pulsative zoning顺向分带normal zoning逆向分带reverse zoning矿石建造ore formation围岩蚀变wallrock alteration蚀变作用alteration蚀变围岩altered wallrock褪色作用decolourization，discoloration 碱质交代作用alkaline metasomatism钾质交代作用potassic metasomatism钠质交代作用sodic metasomatism钾长石化potash feldspathization微斜长石化microclinization正长石化orthoclasization天河石化amazonitization冰长石化adularization钠长石化albitization方柱石化scapolitization碱性辉石化alkaline pyrokenization霓石化aegirinization碱性角闪石化alkaline amphibolization 霞石化nephelinization云英岩化greisenization电气石化tourmalinization斧石化axinitization黑云母化biotitization阳起石化actinolitization纤闪石化uralitization绿帘石化epidotization钠黝帘石化saossuritization糟化saossuritization黄铁矿化pyritization绢云母化sericitization硅化silicification 石英化quartzification玉髓化chalcedonization蛋白石化opalization似碧玉化jasperoidization黄铁绢英岩化beresitization赤铁矿化hematitization红色蚀变red-colour alteration绿泥石化chloritization碳酸盐化carbonatization方解石化calcitization白云石比dolomitization青盘岩化propylitization变安山岩化meta-andesitization蛇纹石化serpentinization粘土化clayization泥化argillization高岭土化kaolinization明矾石化alunitization石膏化gypsification沸石化zeolitization风化矿床mineral deposit by weatheringprocess风化壳矿床weathering crust mineraldeposit残留矿床residual deposit淋积矿床infiltration deposit硫化物矿床氧化带oxidized zone ofsulphide deposit硫化物矿床次生富集作用secondaryenrichment of sulphide deposit硫化物矿床次生富集带secondaryenriched zone of sulphide deposit矿帽capping铁帽gossan锰帽manganese hat铅帽lead hat红土化作用laterization沉积矿床sedimentary deposit火山沉积矿床volcano-sedimentarydeposit化学沉积矿床mineral deposit bychemical sedimentation砂矿床placer, placer deposit机械沉积矿床mineral deposit bymechanical sedimentation残积砂矿eluvial placer坡积砂矿deluvial placer冲积砂矿alluvial placer洪积砂矿proluvial placer河谷砂矿valley placer河床砂矿riverbed placer阶地砂矿bench placer海滨砂矿sea-beach placer蒸发沉积矿床evaporite deposit盐湖矿床saline lake deposit卤水矿brine deposit生物化学沉积矿床mineral deposit bybiogenic and biochemical sedimentation胶体化学沉积矿床mineral deposit bycolloid agglutination变质矿床metamorphic deposit受变质矿床metamorphosed deposit变质生成矿床metamorphogenic deposit沉积变质矿床sedimento-metamorphicdeposit多因复成矿床polygenetic andcom-pound ore deposit矿石构造structure of ores浸染状构造disseminated structure斑点状构造spotted structure块状构造massive structure准块状构造para-massive structure脉状构造vein structure对称带状构造symmetrical bandedstructure条带状构造banded structure马尾丝状构造horsetail structure环状构造concentric structure梳状构造comb structure晶簇状构造drusy structure胶状构造colloform structure变胶状构造metacolloidal structure皮壳状构造crusty structure鲕状构造oolitic structure豆状构造pisolitic structure肾状构造reniform structure葡萄状构造botryoidal structure蜂窝状构造honeycomb structure角砾状构造brecciated structure残余构造relict structure皱纹构造plicated structure矿石结构texture of ores固溶体分解结构exsolution texture乳滴状结构emulsion texture格子状结构grating texture叶片状结构leaf-like texture自形晶粒状结构idiomorphic granulartexture半自形晶粒状结构hypidiomorphicgranular texture他形晶粒状结构allotriomorphicgranular texture海绵陨铁结构sideronitic texture包含结构poikilitic texture交代残余结构metasomatic relict texture蠕虫状结构myrmekitic texture骸晶结构skeleton texture斑状变晶结构porphyroblastic texture花岗变晶结构granoblastic texture交代晶体结构metacrystal texture压碎结构crush texture揉皱结构crumpled texture五地质普查勘探技术方法(上)地质勘探prospecting, exploration区域地质regional geology地质调查regional geologyreconnaissance区域地质调查regional geologysurvey地质调查比例尺scale of regionalgeology reconnaissance小比例尺区域地质调查small scaleregional geology reconnaissance2中比例尺区域地质调查medium scale regional geology reconnaissance大比例尺区域地质调查large scale regional geology reconnaissance地质调查精度accuracy of regional geology reconnaissance地质填图地质填图geology mapping地质测量geological survey地形底图base map of topography 水系图drainage map磁偏角校正correction of magnetic declination地质图幅geological map国际分幅规整图幅不规整图幅编测图幅地质调查空白区the vacancy of geological survey地质研究程度degree of geological studies地质研究程度图map showing the degree of geological studies地质复杂程度degree of geological complex地质体geological body真厚度true thickness假厚度apparent thickness基岩bedrock基岩区the region of bedrock覆盖区covered region地质界线geological boundary填图单位the unite of geological mapping地质踏勘geological exploration地质观察点point of geological observation水文地质观察点point of hydrogeological observation地貌观察点point of geomorphological observation定点locating point地质观察路线traverse of geological observation穿越法traverse method追索法tracing method圈定法contouring填图钻drilling for mappingV字形法则原始资料primitive data地质剖面geological section地质断面geological section地质剖面线geological profile 地质剖面图geological profile地质横剖面图geological sectioncross section地质纵断面图longitudinal section水平地质断面图geological plane实测地质剖面图surveyedgeological profile实测剖面典型剖面type section随手地质剖面图free hand profile图切地质剖面图transverse cuttingprofile素描地质剖面图sketched profile地质素描geological sketch标本specimen样品sample露头outcrop天然露头natural outcrop人工露头artificial outcrop原生露头primary outcrop氧化露头oxidized outcrop矿苗转石boulder矿点mineral occurrence矿化点mineralized point矿化带mineralized zone重砂取样panning plate淘砂盘金属量测量成果图resultant plot ofmetallo-metric survey水化学成果图hydrochemicalresultant plot物探成果图resultant map ofgeophysical exploration异常综合图general anomaly map矿产分布图map of distribution ofmineral deposits矿产图map of mineral deposits地质图geological map基岩地质图geological map ofbedrock路线地质图traverse geologicalmap野外地质图field geological map地质草图geological sketch地质略图geological scheme岩性图lithological map实际材料图map of primitive data综合地层柱状剖面图generalgeostratigraphic column野外手图map of field free handwork编稿原图primitive map forcompilation作者原图印刷原图铝板图，聚酯薄膜图图式pattern分色样图地质图例geological legend岩石花纹符地质图色标地质年代单位符号区域地质调查报告report ofregional geological survey接图map interlinking接图表index map图幅验收reception of maps地质锤geological hammer地质罗盘geological compass矿产普查search for mineraldeposits普查找矿search for mineraldeposits综合找矿geological prerequisite ofprospecting普查阶段初步普查详细普查找矿地质前扶找矿地质准找矿地质先决条件找矿标志ore guide of prospecting矿体露头ore outcrop矿苗旧矿遗迹找矿方法methods of prospecting地质填图geological mapping砾石找矿法float method forprospecting河流碎屑法stream gravel method冰川漂砾法glacier-boulder methodfor prospecting重砂heavy fraction自然重砂人工重砂重破找矿法重砂测量重砂图重砂取样重砂异常异常检查anomaly inspection矿点mineral occurrence矿点检查mineral occurrenceinspection矿点评价矿床远景评3普查评价老硐调查区域矿产远景评价成矿预测成矿规律图minerogenetic map成矿预测图prognostic map普查勘探指示矿产远景区prospect成矿预测区成矿远景区minerogenetic prospect province矿床勘探mineral exploration勘探阶段初步勘探详细勘探开发勘探勘探方法methods of exploration勘探手段矿体地质geology of ore body矿体圈定delineation of ore bodies 矿产质量quality of ore品位grade变化系数coefficient of variation厚度变化系数coefficient of variation of thickness品位变化系数coefficient of variation of grade全矿率含矿系数矿床勘探类型勘探剖面exploratory profile勘探线exploratory line勘探网exploratory grid水平勘探勘探网度勘探间距勘探工程密度类比法method of analogue勘探剖面精度分析法稀空法探采资料对比法数理统计分析法mathematic statistical method勘探程度degree of exploration勘探深度depth of exploration勘探成本cost of exploration见矿率勘探精度矿床评价evaluation of deposits矿床综合评价矿床工业评价ndustrial (commercial)evaluation of mineral deposits矿区自然地理经济条件矿床开采技术条件矿石加工技术条件矿区水文地质条件取样取样sampling采样sampling矿产取样ore sampling岩矿鉴定取样化学取样加工技术取样工艺取样技术取样矿床开采技术取样矿石湿度ore dampness矿石体重specific gravity of ores小体重大体重矿样大样样品代表性有用组分usefulconstituent(composition)有益组分伴生有用组分有害组分harmful constituent(composition)坑探采样拣块法攫取法grab method方格法刻槽法channel method刻线法简易刻槽法犁沟法剥层法打眼法全巷法blasthole sampling钻探采样岩（矿）心采样岩心钻探采样drill-core sampling岩心劈开机砂矿取样placer sampling采样长度length of sampling样品长度length of sampling采样间距sampling interval分段采样样品加工sample preparation样品缩分r缩减误差分样器sample splitte四分法quartering样品可靠重量样品加工公式戴蒙德哈里费达里公式切乔特公式样品加工流程样品加工程序副样普通分析基本分析组合分析组合样品样品组合物相分析phase analysis合理分析样品合并取样检验目测品位目估品位品位校正系数储量计算calculation(estimation)ofreserves矿产储量mineral reserves储量reserves矿量tonnage of ore矿产资源mineral resources查明资源identified resources未经发现资源undiscoveredresources假定资源hypothetical resources假想资源speculative resources查明的次经济资源identifiedsubeconomic resources暂定资源conditional resources潜在资源potential resourcesR级R2级R3级E亚级S亚级储量计算法calculation(estimation)method ofreserves能利用储量表内储量暂不能利用储量表外储量储量级别categories of reserves测定储量measured reserves证实储量proved ore(reserves)显示储量indicated reserves概略储量probable ore(reserves)推测储量inferred reserves可能储量possible ore(reserves)开采储备、设计储量4工业储量远景储量future reserves地质储量geological reserves预测储量探明储量demonstrated reservesA级储量AI级储量AZ级储量B级储量C级储量CI级储量C级储量D级储量高级储量累计探明储量矿产储量表矿产储量平衡表矿产工业指标commercial(industrial) factors for ores工业品位最低工业可采品位minimum mining grade最低平均可采品位边界品位cut-off grade边际品位矿区平均品位可采厚度最小可采厚度minimum mining thickness(width)最低工业米百分值米百分率夫石剔除厚度最大允许夹石厚度储量计算参数算术平均数算术平均厚度arithmetical averaging thickness算术平均品位加权个均数加权平均厚度weighted average thickness加权乎均品位weighted average grade特高品位erratic high-grade特高品位处理treating of erratic high-grade samples风暴样品storm sample储量计算边界线矿体内边界线内插法interpolation外推法extrapolation有限外推无限外推矿体外边界线矿体自然边界线矿体零点边界线矿体可采边界线储量级别边界线算术平均法mathematical averagemethod地质块段法geological blockmethod开采块段法mining block method断面法cross sectional method线储量法最近地区法多角形法polygonal method三角形法等高线法等值线法contour-line method统计法statistical method储量精度accuracy of the estimatedore reserves储量误差error of the estimated orereserves地质误差geological error类比误差技术误差technical error地质编录地质编录geological record原始地质编录坑探工程地质编录展开图钻探地质编录岩心编录钻孔柱状图bore hole columnarsection换层深度样品编录sample record取样编录岩心管理综合地质编录地质资料综合整理区域地质图regional geologicalmap矿床地质图geological map of oredeposits矿区地质图矿床地形地质图矿床综合地质图矿床（区）勘探工程分布图勘探线剖面图exploratory profile矿床（区）取样平面图中段地质平面图geological plan oflevel矿体水平断面图矿体投影图projection of ore body矿体复合纵投影图储量计算图储量计算剖面图品位变化曲线图矿层对比图矿体（层）等厚线图矿层顶（底）板等高线图地质报告geological report普查评价报告矿区勘探报告总结勘探报告最终勘探报告中间勘探报告补充勘探报告一般要求矿产工业要求industrialrequirements for the minerals矿石品位ore grade工业品位industrial grade边界品位cut-off grade精矿品位concentrate grade尾矿品位tailings grade矿石工业品级ore sorting有用组分useful component有益组分beneficial component主要有用组分essential usefulcomponent伴生有用组分associated usefulcomponent有害组分harmful component有害杂质平均允许含量可采厚度minable thickness可采宽度minerable width夹石剔除厚度夹石intercalated bed夹矸dirt bed, dirt band, dirt parting最大勘探深度maximum depth ofexploration可采深度剥采比striping ration, overburdenratio剥离量overburden amount剥离物overburden material内剥离物inner stripping material外剥离物outer stripping material松散系数loose coefficient块度blockness, size砾石系数coefficient of gravel含泥量mud content破碎比reduction ratio, crushingratio固体矿产工业要求导热系数coefficient of thermalconductivity5克拉carat克什屯米克／吨克／立方米米克／立方米坑道进尺米毫克值公斤／立方米米公斤／立方米米百分值金属矿产铁矿石工业类型铁矿石自然类型全铁total iron磁性铁碳酸铁赤褐铁硫化铁硅酸铁可溶铁soluble iron非可溶铁non soluble iron需选矿石富矿rich ore一般富矿贫矿poor ore高炉富矿blast furnace ore炼铁用铁矿石炼钢用铁矿石平炉富矿open-hearth ore利用系数available factor焦比coke ratio人造富矿artificial rich ore, manufactured rich ore造渣组分slag forming component 酸性矿石acid ore半自熔性矿石semi-self fluxing ore, semi-self fusible ore自熔性矿石self-fluxing ore,self-fusible ore碱性矿石basic ore熔剂性矿石fluxing ore, fusible ore 冶金辅助原料熔剂flux高镁铁矿石高铝铁矿石酸不溶物insoluble substance铬铁比chromic oxide-ferrous oxide ratio锰铁比manganese-iron ratio铝铁比alumina-ferrous oxide ratio 铝硅比alumina-silica ratio氧化矿石oxidized ore混合矿石mixed ore原生矿石primary ore 硫化矿石sulphide ore非金属矿产耐火材料refractory material耐火粘土refractory clay硬质耐火粘土stiff fireclay软质耐火粘土soft fireclay半硬质耐火粘土semi-stiff fireclay造型用砂foundry sand石英砂quartz sand石英长石砂quartz-feldspar sand粘土砂clay sand造型粘土foundry clay塑性指数plastic index塑性界限plastic limit液性界限liquid limit熟料生料烧失量ignition loss, loss onignition灼减灼烧减量耐火度refractoriness铝氧率alumina ratio, iron modulus铁率iron modulus铝氧系数alumina modulus硅酸率silica ratio, silica modulus硅酸系数silica modulus硅率silica ratio石灰饱和系数lime saturationfactor石灰饱和比lime saturation ratio生料云母crude mica云母原矿crude mica工业原料云母ndustrial rawmaterial厚片云母block mica有效面积effective area of mica轮廓面积area of contour outline剥分性cleavability耐火花电压试验sparking voltageresistance test击穿电压试验风化云母楔形云母出成率工业原料云母含矿率压电效应压电石英压电水晶光学石英光学水晶工艺石英工艺水分熔炼石英熔炼水晶透明度晶间卤水淤泥卤水承压卤水水不溶物不溶残积物波美波美度吸水率．软化系数干燥收缩率干燥体积收缩率干燥线收缩率烧成收缩率烧成体积收缩率烧成线收缩率烧结温度范围烧结范围抗冻性耐冻性干燥敏感性干燥敏感系数漂泥漂泥回收率白度洁白度放电锰矿石棉劈分性石棉纤维长度含棉丰石棉纤维分级漂白土酸性白土天然漂白土活性白土膨润土吸油量活性度过滤性能湿压强度脱色率胶质价胶体率膨胀倍膨润度堆密度膨胀系数膨胀倍数铸石天然油石固体可燃旷产6煤的工业分忻煤的水分煤的灰分煤的挥发分固定碳发热量煤的高位发热量煤的低位发热量全硫灰融点粘结性结焦性粘结指数焦渣指数罗加指数坩涡膨胀序数自由膨胀序数基氏最大流动度奥亚膨胀度葛金焦型胶质层最大厚度透光率镜煤平均反射率燃料比各国煤的分类指标中国煤炭分类方案表中国煤炭分类方案图国际褐煤分类表遥感技术遥感remote sensing主动遥感active remote sensing有源遥感active remote sensing被动遥感passive remote sensing无源遥感passive remote sensing遥测telemetry航天遥感space remote sensing星载遥感航空遥感aerial remote sensing机载遥感可见光遥感visible spectral remote sensing紫外遥感ultraviolet remote sensing 红外遥感infrared remote sensing 微波遥感microwave remote sensing多光谱遥感multispectral remote sensing多波段遥感multiband remote sensing遥感地质remote sensing geology 地质遥感geological remote sensing 遥感试验remote sensing tests试验区test sites 遥感台remote sensing platform传感台地球资源技术卫星ERTS earthresources technology satellite地球资源卫星遥感地质陆地卫星landsat大地卫星海洋卫星seasat热容量测绘卫星heat-capacitymapping mission电磁波谱electromagnetic spectrum光谱带spectral bands波谱带波段band波段选择band selection最佳光谱带optimum spectralbands光谱通道spectral channel通道大气窗口atmospheric windows黑体block body绝对黑体光学扫描optical scanning传感器sensor遥感器遥感装置多光谱摄影multispectralphotography多波段摄影多光谱摄象multispectral imagery多波段摄象多光谱相机multiband camara多波段相机多光谱扫描multispectral scanning多波段扫描多光谱扫描仪多波段扫描仪multiband scanner光导管摄象机反束光导管摄象机热红外传感器thermal infraredsensor红外传感器红外摄影infrared photography热红外扫描器thermal infraredscanner红外扫描器infrared scanner热惯量制图thermal inertiamapping侧视雷达SLAR side lookingairborne radar真实孔径雷达real-aperture radar合成孔径雷达SAR syntheticaperture radar散射计scatterometer激光雷达光达lider (light detection andranging)遥感信息remote sensinginformation光谱信息spectral information空间信息spatial information时间信息temporal information光谱特征spectral signature光谱分辨率spectral resolution实时real time地面覆盖ground coverage重复覆盖repeat coverage截幅swath光谱反应光谱响应分辨率resolution分辨力resolution power地面分辨率温度分辨率emperature resolution热分辨率航空地质方法aerial method ofgeology航空地质调查方法航空地质aerogeology航空摄影地质aerophotogeology航空地质测量aerogeologicalmapping地质专业航空摄影aerophotography of geology空中水域透视摄影地质静态比较摄影地质动态程序摄影航空雷达成象aerial radar imagery空中立体摄影地质测量aerophoto-stereogeologicalsurveying象片构造地质测量structuralgeological survey of photo空中地质观测航空地质目测geological air view,geological aerovisual observation影象地质图photogeologic map解译地质图geological map ofinterpretation解译影象地质图航空摄影地质图aerophotogeological map空中红外探测airborne infraredsurvey地质体反射光谱测试reflectivespectral measure of geobody地质体电磁波波谱特性测试7地质透视效应遥感图象处理及地质解译遥感资料remote sensing data遥感图象remote sensing images卫星图象satellite images卫星象片计算机适用磁带计算机用带热红外图象thermal infrared images红外图象infrared images热象thermal images热模型thermal models图象处理image processing图象处理系统image processing system交互式图象处理系统interactive image processing system人机对话处理系统man-machine interactive processing system假彩色合成多软片法彩色合成color composite加色观察器addictive color viewer 彩色合成观察器color compositor viewer相关掩膜技术密度分割density slicing假彩色密度分割法false color density slicing单软片一电子光学技术彩色增强color enhancement数字图象处理digital image processing图象恢复image restoration图象增强image enhancement边缘增强edge enhancement多层底片法浮雕法反差增强contrast enhancement反差扩展contrast stretching数字镶嵌digital mosaic信息抽取information extraction比值法ratioing比值图象ratio image模拟真彩色图象stimulated normal color image变化检测图象change-detection image差别图象difference images合成立体图象syntheticstereo-images假立体图象空间滤波spatial filtering 多光谱分类法multispectralclassification图象分类法image classification监督分类法supervisedclassification监督学习法supervised learning图形判别pattern discrimination非监督分类法unsupervisedclassification非监督学习法unsupervisedlearning训练组训练样本training samples空间积群法spatial clustering积群分析cluster analysis点群分析图形识别图象识别模式识别pattern recognition解象能力interpretive availability象元picture element, pixel影象单元象点地面实况ground truth卫星图象解译interpretation ofsatellite images卫星图象判释卫星图象判读目视解译visual interpretation图象判释要素elements of imageinterpretation图象解译标志地质信息geological information色调特征信息information fromimaging tone灰阶gray scale灰度灰标彩色地质体color geological mass消色地质体non-color geologicalmass形态特征信息information fromobjective pattern线性特征lineaments, linearfeatures线性构造linear structure环状特征circular features环状构造circular structure雷达岩石单位radar-rock units象片地质解译geologicalinterpretation of photograph象片地质判读象片地质解译程度extent ofgeological interpretation ofphotograph象片地质解译标志index(key)ofgeological interpretation直接象片地质解译标志direct keyof geological interpretation间接象片地质解译标志indirectkey of geological interpretation象片地质追索geological tracing ofphotograph象片地貌标志geomorphologicalmarks of photograph象片水文标志hydrological marksof photograph象片浮士标志index of eluvial soilof photograph象片植被标志vegetational index ofphotograph象片地物阴影特征geobodyshadow feature of photograph象片环境地质标志environmentalgeological index of photograph象片地质景观geological landscapeof photograph象片地质景观异常anomaly ofgeological landscape in photo象片岩性解译lithologicalinterpretation of photo象片地质构造解译structuralinterpretation of photo象片地层岩相古地理分析stratigraphic, lithologic andpalaeogeographic interpretation ofphoto象片地貌构造解译geomorphological structuralinterpretation of photo象片地貌第四纪地质解译quaternary geomorphologicalinterpretation of photo象片矿产分析mineralinterpretation of photo象片地貌动态分析dynamicgeological analysis of photo象片动力地质分析象片地质标描geological paintingof photo数学地质mathematical geology数学模型mathematical model母体population子样sample频率frequency频率分布frequency distribution平均数mean加权平均数weighted mean几何平均数geometrical mean标准差standard deviation8变化系数coefficient variation统计假设检验test of statistical hypothesis显著性水平level of significance自由度degree of freedom检验test方差分析variance analysis组间平方和sum of squares between groups组内平方和sum of squares within groups最小二乘法least-square method剩余标准差residual standard deviation协方差covariance协方差矩阵covariance matrix相关系数correlation coefficient相关矩阵correlation matrix复相关系数multiple correlation coefficient偏低相关系数partial correlation coefficient矩阵matrix逆矩阵inverse matrix转置矩阵transposed matrix正定矩阵positive definite matrix 对称矩阵symmetric matrix特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector线性组合linear combination线性变换矩阵matrix of linear transformation拉格朗日乘数法method of Lagrange multiplier主元素消去法elimination of pivotal element迭代法iterative, iteration method 病态方程组stiff system of equations概率probability随机事件random event随机变量random variable随机过程random process数学期望expectation方差variance二项分布binomial distribution概率分布函数probability distribution function正态分布normal distribution对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution熵entropy信息information趋势面分析trend surface analysis 图解法趋势面分析graphical trendsurface analysis调和趋势面分析harmonic trendsurface analysis滑动平均值moving average克里格法Kriging因子分析factor analysis分量分析component analysis约相关矩阵reduced correlationmetrix公共因子unique factor单一因子factor loading因子载荷factor loading因子得分factor score方差贡献variance contribution公共因子方差communality方差最大旋转varimax rotation斜因子解oblique factor solution判别分析discriminant analysis判别函数discriminant function判别得分discriminant score聚类分析cluster analysis相似性水平similar level变量标准化variablestandardization变量正规化variable normalization相似性similarity谱系图hierarchical diagram枝状图dendrogram广义距离系数coefficient ofgeneralized distance回归分析regression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regressionanalysis正规方程组normal equationssystem典型相关分析canonical correlationanalysis典划相关系数canonical correlationcoefficient时间序列分析自相关系数autocorrelationcoefficient互相关函数cross-correlationfunction弥散分析disperse analysis对应分析correspondence analysis二级差difference of second order统计决策论statistical decisiontheory地质统计学geostatistics相关图correlogram变差图variogram模式识别pattern recognition频率城frequency field时间域time field傅立叶级数Fourier series傅立叶变换Fourier transformation离散傅立叶变换discrete Fouriertransformation快速傅立叶交换fast Fouriertransformation截断效应truncation effect吉布斯现象窗函数window function取样定理sampling theorem假频现象pseudo-frequencyphenomenon频谱分析spectral analysis频节期frequency spectrum功率谱power spectrum相位谱phase spectrum自协方差autocovariance数字滤波digital filter褶积convolution滤波器响应filter response褶积滤波convolution filter傅氏变换滤波Fouriertransformation filtering递推滤波recorsive filtering高通滤波器hoigh-pass filtering低通滤波器low-pass filtering带通滤波器band-pass filtering定向滤波directing filtering计算机模拟computer simulation系统system系统边界system boundary系统要素system element边界条件boundary condition地质静态模拟geological staticsimulation地质动态模拟geological dynamicstatic simulation马尔柯夫过程Markov process马尔柯夫链Markov chain转移概率transition propability有限单元法finite element method拉普拉斯方程Laplace equation有限差分法finite differencemethod随机数random method伪随机数psedo-random method数据存储data storage数据检索data retrieval数据显示data display人机联系man-machine interface普通测量测量学surveying9。

地质学常用中英文词汇对照表按章节阐述 expound(explain), state引入 introduce into相应的 corresponding概念 conception概论 overview概率 probability概念化 conceptualize宏观的 macroscopic补充 complement规划 plan证明demonstrate, certify, attest证实 confirmation补偿 compensate, make up, imburse 组合式 combined type 相互作用 interaction稳定性评价 stability evaluation均质性 homogeneity介质 medium层 layer, stratum1地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic地形 land form地貌 geomorphology, relief地貌单元 landform unit, geomorphic unit坡度 grade地形图 relief map河谷 river valley河道 river course河床 river bed(channel)冲沟 gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)河漫滩 floodplain(valley flat)阶地 terrace 冲积平原 alluvial plain三角洲 delta古河道 fossil river course, fossil stream channel冲积扇 alluvial fan洪积扇 diluvial fan分水岭 divide盆地 basin岩溶地貌 karst land feature, karst landform溶洞 solution cave, karst cave2地层岩性地层geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性lithologic character, rock property岩层 bed stratum岩层 layer, rock stratum母岩 matrix, parent rock相变 facies change硬质岩 strong rock, film软质岩 weak rock硬质的 competent软质的 incompetent基岩 bedrock覆盖层 overburden交错层理 cross bedding层面 bedding plane片理 schistosity层理 bedding波痕 ripple-mark泥痕 mud crack雨痕 raindrop imprints造岩矿物 rock-forming minerals粘土矿物 clay mineral高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石 montmorillonite伊利石 illite云母 mica白云母 muscovite黑云母 biotite石英 quartz长石 feldspar正长石 orthoclase斜长石 plagioclase辉石 pyroxene, picrite角闪石 hornblende 方解石 calcite构造 structure结构 texture组构 fabric(tissue)矿物组成 mineral composition产状 attitude火成岩 igneous岩浆岩 magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山 volcano侵入岩 intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩 effusive rock 深成岩 plutonic rock浅成岩 pypabysal rock酸性岩 acid rock中性岩 inter-mediate rock基性岩 basic rock超基性岩 ultrabasic rock岩基 rock base (batholith)岩脉（墙） dike岩墙 rock dike岩床 rock sill岩脉 vein dyke花岗岩 granite 流纹岩 rhyolite闪长岩 diorite辉长岩 gabbro玄武岩 basalt橄榄岩 dunite火山角砾岩 vulcanic breccia火山集块岩 volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩 tuff沉积岩 sedimentary rock碎屑岩 clastic rock粘土岩 clay rock粉砂质粘土岩 silty claystone化学岩 chemical rock生物岩 biolith砾岩 conglomerate角砾岩 breccia砂岩 sandstone石英砂岩 quartz sandstone粉砂岩 siltstone钙质粉砂岩 calcareous siltstone 泥岩 mudstone页岩 shale盐岩 saline石灰岩 limestone白云岩 dolomite泥灰岩 marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous 泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous 砂质arenaceous泥质 argillaceous硅质的 siliceous有机质 organic matter粗粒 coarse grain中粒 medium-grained沉积物 sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石 boulder卵石 cobble砾石 gravel砂 sand粉土 silt粘土 clay粘粒 clay grain砂质粘土 sandy clay粘质砂土 clayey sand壤土、亚粘土 loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil)软泥 ooze淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay冲积物（层） alluvion冲积的 alluvial洪积物（层） proluvium, diluvium, diluvion 洪积的diluvial冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits 崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium残积粘土 residual clay变质岩 metamorphic rock板岩 slate千枚岩 phyllite片岩 schist片麻岩 gneiss石英岩 quartzite大理岩 marble3地质构造地质构造 geologic structure大地构造 geotectonic构造运动 tectogenesis造山运动 orogeny 升降运动 vertical movement 水平运动 horizontal movement完整性 perfection(integrity)产状要素 elements of attitude产状 attitude, orientation走向 strike倾向 dip倾角 dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲 fold单斜 monocline向斜 syncline背斜 anticline穹隆 dome挤压 squeeze上盘 upper section下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall断距 separation相交 intersect断层 fault正断层 normal fault逆断层 reversed fault平移断层 parallel fault层理 bedding, stratification地堑 graben地垒 horst, fault ridge断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge擦痕 stria, striation断裂 fracture破碎带 fracture zone节理 joint节理组joint set裂隙 fissure, crack微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopic fissure原生裂隙 original joint次生裂隙 epigenetic joint张裂隙 tension joint剪裂隙 shear joint卸荷裂隙 relief crack碎裂结构 cataclastic texture板状结构 platy structure薄板状 lamellose块状的 lumpy, massive层状的 laminated巨厚层 giant thick-laminated薄层状的 finely laminated软弱夹层 weak intercalated layer夹层 inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer 夹泥层 clayey intercalation夹泥 inter-clay连通性 connectivity切层 insequent影响带 affecting zone完整性 integrity n.Integrate v. & a.degree of integrality破碎 crumble胶结 cement泥化 argillization尖灭 taper-out错动 diastrophism错动层面 faulted bedding plane断续的 intermittent共轭节理 conjugated joint透镜状的 lens-shaped a.岩屑 cuttings, debris 薄膜 membrane, film层理 stratification高角度 high dip angle缓倾角 low dip angle反倾 anti-dip互层 interbed v.Interbedding n.粒径 particle size构造层 tectonosphere挤压 compression均一的 homogeneous致密 close, compact构造岩 tectonite糜棱岩 mylonite断层角砾岩 fault breccia方解石脉 calcite vein碎块岩 clastic rock角砾 breccia岩粉 rock powder岩屑 debris, debry固结 consolidation4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions 大气圈atmosphere水圈 hydrosphere岩石圈 geosphere地表径流 surface runoff地下径流 subsurface runoff流域 valley, drainage basin流域面积 drainage area, river basin area汇水面积 catchment area地下水 ground water, subsurface water地表水 surface water大气水 atmospheric water气态水 aqueous (vapour) water液态水 liquid water固态水 solid water吸着水 hygroscopic (adsorptive) water介质 medium空隙 void孔隙水压力 pore water pressure静水压力 hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure渗透力 seepage pressure外水压力 external water pressure内水压力 internal water pressure水位 water level, stage level水头 water head含水层 aquifer透水层 permeable layer, pervious layer不透水层（隔水层） aquifuge, impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude地下分水岭 groundwater ridge孔隙水 pore water裂隙水 fissure water岩溶水 karstic water结合水bound water, combined water 吸着水hydroscopic water薄膜水 pellicular water毛细水 capillary water 重力水 gravitational water凝结水 condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence压水试验 packer permeability test5工程勘察 engineering investigation勘测survey勘察阶段investigational stage初步设计 primary design初步规划 preliminary scheme初步勘探 preliminary prospecting初步踏勘 ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段 feasibility stage初步设计阶段preliminary stage踏勘reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation, boring物探geophysical exploration 洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding坑探exploring mining槽探trenching比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geologicalprofile(section)构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point 勘探点exploratory point (spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole金刚石钻进diamond drilling6安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型 monitoring and prediction model监测 monitoring资料 datum, data可靠性 reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估 evaluation, appraise评定 assessment, assess, rate评价准则 criterion 灾害 hazard, calamity确定性方法论Deterministic methodology 应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)事故 accident静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）Evidently 明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地。

[推荐19][名词委审定]汉英地质学名词(1993)A 型俯冲||A-subductionACF图解||ACF diagramAKF图解||AKF diagramAMF图解||AMF diagramB 型俯冲||B-subductionBABI值||basaltic achondrite best initial; 一般将BABI值作为地球的初始87Sr/86Sr值。

C 面||C-surfaceCDT标准||CDT standard; Canyon Diablo陨石中陨硫铁的硫同位素比值, 作为硫同位素国际标准。

CHUR值||chondritic uniform reservoir; 又称“球粒陨石均一储库”。

C格子||C-latticeF格子||F-lattice, face-centered lattice; 又称“面心格子”。

I格子||I-lattice, body-centered lattice; 又称“体心格子”。

JCPDS卡片||JCPDS card, ASTM diffraction data card; 又称“ASTM粉晶卡片”。

?PDB标准||PDB standard; 碳酸盐中的碳、氧同位素的国际标准, 现已用尽。

R-C网络||R-C networkS 面||S-surfaceS-C 糜棱岩||S-C-myloniteSLAP标准||standard light Antarctic precipitation; 1985年维也纳国际会议建立的三个氧同位素参考标准之一。

SMOW标准||standard mean ocean water; 氢、氧同位素国际标准。

S型构造||S-shaped structureU形谷||U-shaped valley, U-valleyV-SMOW标准||Vienna standard mean ocean water; 1985年维也纳国际会议建立的三个氧同位素参考标准之一。

Aabrasion action 磨蚀作用abrasives 研磨料；研磨物absolute age 绝对年龄absorbed layer 吸附层absorbed water 吸(附)水absorption limit 吸附界限absorption loss 吸附损失abutment 桥台；坝肩；墩栓；支座abutment wall 桥台翼墙abysmal deposit 深海沉积Accelerated Landslip Preventive Measures Project 加速防止山泥倾泻计划acceptable wave condition 容许波浪条件acceptance of tender 采纳投标书accident investigation 意外调查，事故调查accident loading condition 意外荷载条件accident report 意外事件[故]报告accident statistics 意外[事故]统计(数字)accredited private laboratory 认可私营实验所accumulated deformation 累积变形accuracy 准确度；精度acidic corrosion 酸性侵[腐]蚀acidic igneous rock 酸性火成岩acidity and alkalinity test 酸碱度试验acidity test 酸度试验acid-pickling 酸洗；酸浸Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, ADCP 声波多普勒水流测剖机[仪]acoustic emission monitoring 声辐射监测acoustic exploration 声波勘探acoustic frequency geo-electric field method 声频大地电场法acoustic piezometer 声辐射测压计acoustic prospecting 声波勘探acquisition (土地) 收购；征用acrylamide grouting 丙凝灌浆active clay 活性黏土active earth pressure, pa 主动土压力active fault 活断层；活动断裂active intensity forecasting 活动烈度预测active isolation 积极隔振[离] active mitigation strategies 主动缓解策略active period 活动期，活跃期active pile 主动桩active stabilizer 活性加固剂active state 主动状态active state of plasticequilibrium 主动塑性平衡状态active water (有侵蚀性)活性水active zone 活动层，膨胀土层activity 活性activity index, A 活性指数additional stress 附加应力additive constant 加常数adhesion 黏着力；黏著作用；内聚力adhesive 胶黏剂，黏结剂adjusted value 平差值，调整值adjustment 调整；调节；调校；(测量) 平差adjustment item 调整项目administrative procedure 行政程序Admiralty Chart 海军图表，航海图admissible load 容许荷载admixture 搀和剂，混合物，搀合物advance works 前期工程adverse geological condition 不良地质情况[条件]Advisory Council on theEnvironment 环境咨询委员会Advisory Letter (on slopemaintenance) (斜坡维修)劝喻信aeolian soil 风积土aeration zone 通气带aeration zone water 通气带水aerated water 饱气水aerial camera/air camera 航空摄影机；空中摄影机aerial mapping 航空填图航空测绘aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量学，空中摄影测量学aerial photograph interpretation,API 航空照片判释[解译]aerial photograph (vertical oroblique) (垂直或倾斜)航空照片，航摄照片aerial photographic survey 航空摄影测量aerial survey/air survey 航空测量，空中测量aerobe 需氧菌，喜氧菌；需氧生物age-dating (of rock) (岩石) 测年，测定年代ageing 老化agglomerate 集块岩aggregate (土壤) 团粒；(混凝土) 骨料aggregate abrasion value 石料耐磨值aggregate impact value 石料冲击强度值agitator 搅拌器A-horizon A层；淋溶层AIEG (Association ofInternational EngineeringGeology) 国际工程地质学会air compressor 空气压缩机air content, ac 含气率air jet 喷射气流；喷嘴air permeability 透气性[率]air permeability test 透气性[率]试验air space ratio, Ga 排水气隙比air test 气密试验air void ratio, Gv 气隙比air voids (of a soil) (土的)气隙，(土的)空气孔隙air-curtain method 气幕法- 8 -air-dried soil 风干土air-lift equipment 压缩空气扬水泵air-lock 气闸Airport Core Programme, ACP机场核心计划air-water 气水面alert criteria 警戒准则alert level 预警水平alignment (pipe alignment) (管线)定线；线向；路线alignment survey 定线测量A-line (塑性图) A线all round pressure 周围压[应]力allocation condition 批地条款；分配条件；分配规定allocation plan 批地图allowable amplitude 容许振幅allowable bearing capacity 容许承载能力allowable bearing pressure 容许承载力allowable bearing value 容许承载值allowable deformation 容许变形allowable error 容许误差allowable load 容许荷载allowable movement 容许位移allowable pile bearing load 单桩容许荷载allowable settlement 容许沉降量allowable soil pressure 容许土压力allowable vibration acceleration 容许振动加速度allowance for corrosion loss 预留锈蚀量alluvial (clay, silt, sand) 冲积(黏土、粉土、砂)alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluvium 冲积物；冲积层all-weather 全天候alternating load 交变荷载alternating strain 交变应变alternating stress 交变应力alternation 更改；改建；后补；替代alternative design 替代设计altimeter 测高仪altitude 高程，海拔aluminum octahedron 铝八面体ambient pressure 环境压[应]力ambient temperature 环境[介质]温度amendment 修正；改正Amenity (城市规划) 环境美化带[区]amenity area 美化市容地带；市容地带American Association of State Highway andTransportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard 美国公路及交通正式标准协会American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards 美国试验及材料学会标准amplification factor 放大因子amplitude magnification factor 振幅放大因子amplitude of vibration 振幅amplitude ratio 振幅比anaerobe 厌氧菌；厌氧生物anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria 厌氧抗硫酸盐细菌anchor (in slope works) (边坡工程) 锚杆，锚；锚杆支撑anchor block 锚块anchor bolt 锚栓，螺栓anchor cable 锚索anchor pile 锚桩anchor plate 锚板anchor rod 锚杆anchor wall 锚定[固]墙anchorage 锚定[固]作用；地锚anchorage area 锚地；碇泊区anchorage force 锚固力anchorage shear test 锚固剪切试验anchored bulkhead 锚定[固]岸壁；锚定[固]挡壁anchored sheet piling 锚定[固]板桩墙anchoring 锚固ancillary works 附属工程andesite 安山岩andesite tuff 安山凝灰岩anemometer 风速仪；风速表ANFO blasting agent 硝酸铵油渣混合炸药angle of contact (弯液面) 接触角angle of dilatancy 剪胀角，扩容角angle of external friction 外摩擦角angle of inclination 倾角angle of internal friction, ? 内摩擦角angle of obliquity 倾斜角angle of reach 触及坡角angle of repose 休止角angle of rupture 破裂角angle of shearing resistance 抗剪角，剪切角angle of shearing strength 剪切强度角angle of skin friction 表面摩擦角angle of slope 斜坡坡角，斜坡角度angle of true internal friction 真内摩擦角angle of wall fric tion, δ 墙摩擦角angular 棱角状的angularity chart 棱角度对比图angularity factor 棱角度因子anidrite 硬石膏anion adsorption 阴离子吸附anion exchange 阴离子交换anisotropic consolidation 各向不等压固结；各向异性固结anisotropic hardening 各向异性硬化anisotropic medium 各向异性介质anisotropic soil 各向异性土- 9 -anisotropy 各向异性anthropogenic 受人类影的anticline 背斜anti-flocculation 反絮凝作用anti-slide pile 抗滑桩anvil 砧A-parameter 孔隙压力系数Aaperture size 缝隙尺寸aplite 细晶岩apparent angle of internalfriction 表观内摩擦角apparent cohesion 表观黏聚力，似黏聚力apparent preconsolidationpressure 表观先期固结压力apparent shearing strength 表观抗剪强度apparent velocity 表观流速approach channel 进出港航道；进出口航道approach road 引路approach velocity 行近流速approved concrete mix 认可混凝土混合料approved contractor 认可承建商approved plan 批准的计划；认可的设计：认可图则approved project estimate 核准工程预算approved suppliers of materials认可物料供货商apron 护坦，挡板aquiclude 阻水层aquifer 含水层aquitard 弱透水层arch action (in soil) (土中)成拱作用Archaeozoic 太古代Archean (年代) 太古代的；(地层) 太古界的arching 拱作用Area Committee 分区委员会area load 面荷载area ratio (取样器) 面积比argillaceous rock 泥质岩；黏土(质)岩arid region 干旱区arithmetical check 运算核对armour (防波堤) 护面；护面块体armour layer 护面层armour rock 护面块石artesian aquifer 承压含水层artesian basin 自流盆地artesian ground water 承压地下水artesian water 承压水；自流水artesian well 自流井articles of agreement 合约细则，协议条款，合约条款artificial ground 人工地基as-constructed drawing 竣工图as-constructed plan 竣工图则aseismatic design 抗震设计aseismic region 无震区asphalt 沥青，柏油asphalt mix design 沥青混凝土配方asphalt paver 沥青摊铺机aspirator 流水抽气器assembly 装置Assessment Panel 评估小组Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong, ACEHK 香港顾问工程师协会Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd. 香港岩土及岩土环境工程专业协会Association of Government Land and Engineering Surveying Officers, AGLESO 政府土地工程测量主任协会Association of Government Local Land Surveyors, AGLLS 政府本地土地测量师协会Association of Government Technical and Survey Officers, AGTSO 政府工程技术及测量主任协会associative flow rule 相关流动法则astronomical tide 天文潮atmospheric water 大气水attenuation 衰减Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限attitude (地质) 产状，构造面位置auger 螺旋钻auger bit 螺旋钻头auger boring 螺旋钻探auger drill 螺旋钻auger pile 螺旋桩Authorized Person, AP 认可人士；获授权人士authority 当局；权力；主管机构authority concerned 有关当局；有关主管机构authority for approval 授权当局；批核当局authorization 批核Authorized Land Surveyor 认可土地测量师authorized marine borrow area认可挖砂区，已批准的挖砂区autograph 自动缯图仪autographic record 自动记录automatic raingauge 自动雨量计automatic ram pile driver 自动冲锤打桩机auto-telemetering 自动遥测availability of land 可用土地avalanche 山崩；雪崩average maximum wave height平均最大波高average stress 平均应力axial 轴向axial bearing capacity 轴向承载[压]力axial compression 轴向压缩axial extension test 轴向拉伸试验axial load 轴向荷载；轴压axial pressure 轴向压力- 10 -axial strain 轴向应变axial stress 轴向应力axial symmetry 轴对称azimuth 极方位；极方位角- 11 -Bback analysis 反演分析back drain 墙背排水设施back osmotic pressure 反渗压力back pressure 反压(力)，倒压back-calculation 反算法，反推法backfill 回填土，回泥；回填backfilling 回填background noise level 背景音量backing concrete 堤背混凝土back-up area 后勤区；后勤用地backward erosion 向源侵蚀，逆向侵蚀backwater effect 回水作用bad land 劣地bagged concrete 袋装混凝土bailer 抽泥筒balance cone (稠度试验) 平衡锥balance in water quantity 水量平衡ballast 道碴；压载balloon densimeter 囊式密度计balloon volumeter 囊式体积仪band drain 排水板，排水肩带banded clay 带状黏土band-shaped prefabricateddrain 带状预制排水板bank (of channel) 堤岸；河畔；(航道)边坡banquette 填土；扩坡道barge 卸泥船；趸船；驳船；平底船barging point 趸船转运站barium sulphate test 硫酸钡试验barrel 钻探取样器，(惯称) 巴鲁；桶barrette 方形桩，矩形桩barrier effect (桩工) 遮帘作用Barron’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论basal conglomerate 底砾岩basalt 玄武岩basalt dyke 玄武岩岩墙base course (路工) 基层base exchange capacity 盐基交换容量base exchange 盐基交换base heave failure 基底隆起破坏base level 基准面base shearing resistance 基底抗剪强度base tilt factor (地基承载力) 基底倾斜因子baseline 基数；基线basement wall 地下室墙basic igneous rock 基性火成岩basic intensity 基本烈度basin 水槽；港池；盆地；峡basin-range landform 盆峡岭地貌batching and mixingplant(concrete) (混凝土)配料及搅拌设备batching plant 混凝土配料机batholith 岩基bathyal deposit 次深海沉积bathymetric survey 海深测量bathymetry 海深，海底深度batter leader pile driver 斜导架打桩机batter pile 斜桩batter 倾斜Baumehydrometer 波美比重计beach sand 海滩砂beacon 航标；浮标；灯塔；讯标；立标beam under foundation 地基梁bearing 方位；方向角；支承(座架)bearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factor (地基) 承载力因子，承载力系数bearing course 承压垫层bearing graph (桩工) 反应曲线bearing layer 持力层bearing pile 承重桩，支承桩bearing plate 载荷板bearing stratum 持力层，支承层bearing test 载荷试验bedded rock slope 层状岩石斜坡bedding 层理bedding error (试验) 端垫误差bedding layer 垫层bedding plane 层理面bedrock 基岩belled pile 扩底桩belling bucket 扩底挖斗benched foundation 台阶式基础benchmark 水平点bending moment 弯矩bending schedule 弯钢筋表bending strength 抗弯强度benefit analysis 效益分析benthic seabed grab survey 海底抓斗勘测benthic 海底的bentonite 膨润土，膨土岩bentonite liner 膨润土衬垫bentonite slurry 膨润土泥浆berm (on a slope) (斜坡)坡级，坡台berm 护道；斜水，(俗称) 坡级bermstone 护脚石berth configuration coefficient 靠泊形状系数berth 码头；泊位berthing 停泊berthing and landing facilities 靠泊及登陆设施berthing condition 靠泊条件；靠泊，靠码头，停泊berthing energy 靠船(撞击)能量berthing load 靠泊荷载- 12 -berthing reaction 靠泊反力best-estimate parameter 最佳估计参数B-horizon B层 (岩土风化) B积层bias 偏差bias of risk 风险偏向biaxial state of stress 双轴应力状态bilinear model 双线性模型bills of quantities 工料清单；工料报价单binder course (路工) 结合层Bingham model 宾汉模型biological weathering 生物风化Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论biota tissue 生物组织biotite 黑云母bird’s-eye view 鸟瞰图Bishop’s simplified method ofslice 毕肖普简化条分法bitumen 沥青bitumen grouting 沥青灌浆blanket 铺盖；掩盖blanket grouting 铺盖灌浆blast 燃_____爆；爆破blast cleaning 喷砂清洁blasting (e.g. rock blasting) 燃爆，爆破(例：爆石)blasting by abrasive (e.g. sandblasting) 磨料喷砂(例：砂磨)blasting certificate 燃爆证书blasting compaction method 爆炸挤密法blasting site 爆石工地；爆破工地blasting works 爆石工程；爆破工程bleeder well 减压井blind catch basin 截留盲井blind drain 盲沟blinding 基础垫层；地基垫层，(俗称) 草鞋底blinding layer 垫层block diagram 三相图block sample 样品，块样blockage 堵塞，淤塞blockage of drain 排水堵塞，渠道淤塞blocking leaking 堵漏blockwork seawall 方块海堤blockwork wall 方块体墙blow count 击数blow-in 涌入；吹入blown sand 风成砂blown tip pile 爆扩桩blows (in SPT) (标准贯入试验)锤击数blow-up (路工) 鼓起bluff 悬崖boat hoist 吊艇body force 体积力body wave 体波bog 沼泽bog peat 沼泽泥炭boiling 砂沸；翻浆bollard 系船柱bolt 螺栓bolting 栓固bond 契约bonding 黏结；结合力bondsman 保证人bonus payment 奖励付款book clay 带状黏土bookhouse fabric 书堆结构border pile 边桩bored pile 钻孔灌注桩，钻孔桩borehole 钻孔borehole camera 钻孔照相机borehole direct shear device 钻孔直剪仪borehole extensometer 钻孔引伸仪borehole log 钻孔记录；钻孔柱状图borehole periscope 钻孔潜望镜borehole spacing 钻孔间距borehole specimen 钻孔土样borehole surveying 钻孔勘察borescope (桩工) 钻孔检查显示器boring (for ground investigation)(地基勘探) 钻探boring bit 钻头boring by percussion 冲击钻进boring casing 钻探套管boring frame 钻架boring log 钻孔记录；钻孔柱状图boring machine 钻孔机boring rig 钻探机，钻机boring rod 钻杆borrow area 取土区；挖泥区；采料场borrow pit 取土坑Boston blue clay 波士顿蓝黏土bottom dump 经舱底卸置，舱底式卸置bottom heave 坑底隆起，底鼓bottom pressure 底压力bottom-dump barge 开底运泥船boulder 漂石，孤石，漂砾，散石，砾石，巨砾boulder clay 漂石黏土boulder fall 砾石下坠，孤石崩落，孤石下坠，巨砾泻落boulder fence 防石栏Boulder Field Inventory 富孤石区目录bouldery colluvium 砾石坡积物bound water 吸附水，结合水boundary condition 边界条件boundary element 边界元boundary element method 边界元法boundary mark 界址标记- 13 -boundary wall 边界墙Bourdon gauge 布尔登压力计Boussinesq solution 布西涅斯克解Boussinesq theory 布西涅斯克理论box caisson 沉箱box culvert 盒形暗渠，箱涵，箱形涵洞box foundation 箱型基础box pile 箱型桩B-parameter 孔隙压力系数B braced excavation 支撑开挖braced sheeting 支撑挡板bracing 支撑；加劲bracing arrangement (基坑开挖) 支撑装置Brazilian test 巴西试验，劈裂试验break damage 干裂破坏break line 倾斜变换线；折线breakdown pressure 破碎压力breaking strain 断裂应变breaking stress 断裂应力breaking wave 破碎波breakwater 防波堤breast wall 胸墙breccia 角砾岩bridge abutment 桥台briefing session 简报会briefly frozen soil 暂短冻土British Standards, BS 英国标准British Standards Institution, BSI 英国标准协会brittle failure 脆性破坏brittle fracture 脆裂brittleness index 脆性指数brooming (木)桩碎裂，(木)桩头碎裂Brownian movement 布朗运动bucket 链斗；斗；桶斗；铲斗；车斗桶；勺bucket auger 勺钻bucket dredger 链斗式挖泥船bucket ladder dredger 链斗挖掘船buckling 压曲，弯曲，弯折；侧胀Building (Administration) Regulations 建筑物(管理)规例Building (Construction) Regulations 建筑物(建造)规例Building Authority 建筑事务监督building code 建筑守则，建筑规范Building ManagementCommittee, BMC 大厦管理委员会Buildings Ordinance 建筑物条例built-in component 嵌入部份bulb pile 球根桩bulging (of ground) (土地) 隆起bulk check 整体检查bulk compressibility 体积压缩性bulk density 体密度bulk explosives 浆状炸药bulk modulus 体积模量bulk sample 体样bulk shrinkage 体缩bulk unit weight 体积单位重量；体容重bulk weight 体重量bulk volume 扩张体积bulkhead 岸壁，挡墙bulking factor 体积扩张系数；体积系数bulking 体胀，胀大bulldozer 推土机；铲泥车bund 堤壆；壆；田基buoy 浮标buoyancy 扬压力，浮力buoyant density, ρ' 浸没密度，浮密度buoyant foundation 浮筏基础buoyant pile 浮桩；摩擦桩buoyant unit weight, γ' 浮容重；浮重度burette 滴定管Burgers model 伯格模型buried karst 埋藏型岩溶，潜伏岩溶buried pile cap 低桩承台buried structure 埋入式结构物buried water-carrying services地下带水管道bursting 破裂，爆裂bus bay 巴士停车处；巴士停车场bus lay-by 巴士站；巴士停车场butt 桩头；对接buttress 扶墙，扶壁，支撑墙，支壁buttressed retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙buttressed wall 扶垛墙by-pass seepage 绕渗- 14 -Ccable percussion boring 钢绳冲击钻探cable tool drill 钢绳冲击钻cadastral plan 地籍图cadastral survey 地籍测量cage of reinforcement 钢筋笼caisson 沉箱，挖孔桩caisson foundation 沉箱基础caisson wall 挖孔桩挡土墙，沉箱挡土墙，沉箱墙calcareous concretion 钙质结核calcareous tufa 石灰华calcite 方解石calculated self-weight collapse计算自重湿陷量calculation model 计算模型calculous soil 砾质土calendar day 历日calibrate/calibration 校准[正]；校定calibration test 标定试验；校准[正]试验California Bearing Ratio, CBR加州承载比calling for tender 招标calorimetric method 量热法Cambrian (年代) 寒武纪；(地层)寒武系Cambridge Model 剑桥(本构)模型camkometer 剑桥旁压仪cantilever footing 悬臂式基础cantilever pile 悬臂桩cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式档土墙cantilever sheet piling 悬臂式板桩墙cantilevered footpath 悬臂式行人径cap 护顶；桩帽；桩顶；帽；柱帽cap model 帽盖模型high capacity road 高流量的道路capblock 桩帽capillarimeter 毛细管仪capillarity 毛细管作用capillary action 毛细管作用capillary fringe 毛细管水上升边缘capillary head 毛细管水头capillary height, hc 毛细管水上升高度capillary migration 毛细管水移动capillary pressure 毛细管水压力capillary rise, hc 毛细管水上升高度capillary tension 毛细管水张力capillary water (土中)毛细管水capital cost 基本建设费用capital works contract 基本工程合约Capital Works Reserve Fund, CWRF 基本工程储备基金capital works 基本建设工程capped yield model 盖帽屈服模型capping (工程) 封顶capping piece 压檐木capture fisheries 捕捞渔业carbonaceous mudstone 钙质泥岩Carboniferous 石炭纪；(地层) 石炭系cardboard drain 纸板排水；排水纸板cardhouse fabric 片架组构cargo working/handling area 货物装卸区Carlson stress meter 卡尔逊应力计cartographic 制图的；地图的Casagrande’s soil classification 卡萨格兰德土壤分类法case history 工程实录case study 实例研究cased borehole 套管钻孔cased pile 套管桩casing 套管cast iron 铸铁，生铁cast-in fixing bolt 预埋锚栓casting 浇铸，铸件casting yard/basin 浇灌场cast-in-place pile 灌注桩cast-in-situ 原地铸造；就地浇筑cast-in-situ pile 灌注桩cataclasis 碎裂cataclasite 碎裂岩cataclastic 碎裂的Catalogue of Slopes 斜坡目录，斜坡纪录册catastrophic prediction 灾变预测catch-drain 截水暗沟catchment 集水区catchment area 流域[集水][汇水]面积；集水区；引集范围catchpit 集水井；排水井；聚泥坑；集水坑；截流井catchwater 引水道categories of cost 费用类别cathodic protection 阴极防蚀cathodic protection system 阴极防蚀系统cation exchange 阳离子交换cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量causative fault 发震断裂cavern 洞穴；岩洞Cavern Project Study, CAPRO「岩洞计划」研究cavernous marble 含溶洞大理石cavernous rock 多孔岩石caving 坍落cavity (岩溶) 溶洞；空隙；洞穴cavity expansion theory 空穴膨胀论cell pressure (三轴试验) 围压；(压力盒) 盒压；(旁压仪) 腔压cellular bulkhead 格型岸壁cellular cofferdam 格型围堰- 15 -cellular retaining wall 格状挡土墙cellular steel sheet pile 格状钢板桩cellular texture 网格组织cement 水泥；胶结材料；胶合剂；胶水cement grouting 水泥灌浆cement injection 水泥灌注[浆]cement mortar 水泥砂浆cementation 胶结作用cemented soil 胶结土cementing agent 胶结剂cement-stabilized soil 水泥加固土cement-treated-soil grout 水泥土(灌)浆Central Tender Board 中央投标委员会centrifugal model test 离心模型试验centrifuge moisture equivalent,CME 离心含水当量centrifuge test 离心试验ceramic filter 陶瓷过滤器certificate of completion 完工证明书certified true copy 核实副本；经核证无误的副本；认证文本chain bucket dredger 链斗式挖泥船chain sounding 链式水深测量chainage 链测长度；链程chainman 丈量员chalk 白垩chalky clay 白垩黏土chamber 池；室；小房间channel 渠道；沟渠；排水沟；海峡；航道；水道channel of flow 水流汇聚；引集水流channelization ratio 沟豁比channelized debris flow 沿沟泥石流，沟豁控制的泥石流characteristic 特性characteristic compressivestrength 特性抗压强度characteristic load 特征荷载characteristic strength 特性强度Chart Datum, CD 海图基准面chartered engineer 特许工程师charting 海图制图chaser 送桩器checking of design record 核对设计记录checking certificate 审核证书checklist 核对表；检查单chemical churning pile 旋喷桩chemical grouting 化学灌浆chemical injection process 化学注液法chemical stabilization 化学加固chemical weathering 化学风化chequer plate 棋格板chimney drain (坝工) 竖向截水体chloride content 氯化物含量chopping bit 冲击钻头C-horizon C层，母质层chunam 灰泥，(俗称) 朱南chunam cover 灰泥护面，(俗称)朱南护面chunk sample 块状试样churn drill 旋冲钻churn drilling 冲击钻进cinder 炉渣；矿渣；火山渣circle of stress 应力圆circular arc analysis 圆弧分析法circular foundation 圆形基础circular frequency 圆频率circular road 环回公路circular slip surface (土壤力学)圆弧滑动面circulation 循环；环流；浚通classical earth pressure theory经典土压力理论classification and index tests 分类及指标数试验classification test (土壤力学) 分类试验clastic flow 碎屑流clastic structure 碎裂屑结构clay binder 黏土胶结物clay blanket (水工) 黏土铺盖；(隧道) 黏土护层clay content 黏土含量clay fraction 黏土粒粗clay grouting 黏土灌浆clay loam 黏质壤土clay mineral 黏土矿物clay onion-skin bond 黏粒葱皮黏结clay partings 黏土夹层clay platelet 黏土片晶clay puddle 黏土膏；黏土坑；胶土clay shale 黏土质页岩clay stratum 黏土层clay-cement grouting 黏土水泥灌浆clayey sand 黏质砂土clayey silt 黏质粉土，黏质粉砂claystone 黏土岩clean-out auger 清孔钻clearance 清理；清拆clearance application 清拆申请clearance programme 清拆计划cleavage (岩石) 劈理；(矿物) 解理cliff 悬崖，峭壁climatic effect 气候效应climatic environment 气候环境clinometer 测斜仪，倾角仪clogging 淤塞closed conduit 暗管closed system 封闭系统closing error 闭合差closure of road 封闭道路cloup 漏斗；灰岩坑；落水洞cluster structure 团粒结构，团状结构- 16 -coagulant 凝聚剂coagulation 凝聚作用coagulator 促凝剂coal gangue 煤矿石coal tar epoxy 煤焦油环氧树脂coarse aggregate 粗粒料coarse ash tuff 粗粒凝灰岩coarse fraction content 粗粒组含份量coarse grained soil 粗粒土coarse particle 粗粒，粗颗粒coarse sand 粗砂coastal habitat 海岸栖息地coastline 海岸线coated pile 涂面桩coaxiality 共轴性cobble 卵石，鹅卵石；中砾code 规范；守则code of practice 作业规范；工作守则coefficient of active earthpressure, Ka 主动土压力系数coefficient of adhesion 黏附系数coefficient of attenuation 衰减系数coefficient of collapsibility 湿陷系数coefficient of compressibility,av 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation, cv固结系数coefficient of consolidation forradial flow 径向固结系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数coefficient of deformation 变形系数coefficient of dynamic viscosity动力黏滞系数coefficient of earth pressure atrest, Ko 静止土压力系数coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression 弹性非均匀压缩系数coefficient of elastic shear 弹性剪切系数coefficient of elastic uniformcompression 弹性均匀压缩系数coefficien t of foundation ditch’srebound 基坑回弹系数coefficient of friction, μ 摩擦系数coefficient of horizontalconsolidation, ch 水平固结系数coefficient of internal friction 内摩擦系数coefficient of kinematicviscosity 运动黏滞系数coefficient of passive earthpressure, Kp 被动土压力系数coefficient of permeability, k 渗透系数coefficient of resilience 回弹系数coefficient of restitution 恢复系数coefficient of rigidity 刚度系数coefficient of secondaryconsolidation 次固结系数coefficient of seismic effect 地震影响系数coefficient of self-weightcollapsibility 自重湿陷系数coefficient of shrinkage 收缩系数coefficient of softening 软化系数coefficient of sorting 分选系数coefficient of stiffness 刚度系数coefficient of subgrade reaction,ks 基床反力系数coefficient of swelling 膨胀系数coefficient of thaw 融化系数coefficient of thaw compression融化压缩系数coefficient of thaw-subsidence融沉系数coefficient of thermalconductivity 导热系数coefficient of thermometricconductivity 导温系数coefficient of thermometrictransmission 热渗系数coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数coefficient of verticalconsolidation, cv 垂向固结系数coe fficient of viscosity, η 黏滞系数coefficient of volume change 体积变化系数coefficient of volumecompressibility 体积压缩系数cofferdam 围堰cofferdam-bracing 围堰支撑cohesiometer 黏度计cohesion, c 黏聚力，内聚力，凝聚力cohesionless soil 无黏性土cohesive soil 黏性土collapse 崩塌，坍陷；湿陷collapse post 陷落柱collapse settlement 坍陷沉降；湿陷量collapsibility 塌陷性；湿陷性collapsibility grading index 分级湿陷collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土collapsible soil 湿陷性土collar (of a drill hole) (钻孔)顶；护圈；束套；套环collection station 观测站collector well 集水井colloid fraction 胶粒粒组colloidal particle 胶粒colluvial fan 坡积扇colluvial lobe 坡积舌colluvium 坡积物colonnade foundation 管柱基础colonnade foundation process 管柱基础施工法colour code 颜色代号[码] column 支柱column pile 端承桩，柱桩columnar joint 柱状节理columnar structure 柱状结构combined footing 联合基础combustible/flammable liquid 易燃液体commercial explosives 商业用爆炸品- 17 -commissioned 受委任的；现役的Commissioner of Mines 矿务处处长commitment 承担额；交托；许诺；约定communal drain 公用排水渠communal service 公用供水系统compacted depth 压实深度，夯实深度compacted fill 压实填土，夯实填土compacted lift 压实分层厚度，夯实分层厚度compacted refuse 经压实的垃圾compacted soil 压实土，夯实土compactibility 可压实性，可夯实性compacting factor 压实系数，夯实系数compacting fraction value 致密化分数值，致密化分式值compaction 压实，夯实，夯压compaction by rolling 碾压compaction by vibrating roller 振动碾压法compaction characteristic 压实特性compaction curve 击实曲线，压实曲线，夯实曲线compaction device 击实仪compaction mould 击实筒compaction pile 挤密桩compaction test 压实试验，击实试验compactive effort 击实功，压实功compactness 密夯度compactor 夯压机compactor pass (夯压机)压夯遍数，碾压遍数compass 罗盘仪；罗盘，指南针compatibility equation 相容方程compensated foundation 补偿式基础completely decomposed rock全风化岩石complementary energyvariational principles 余能变分原理potential energy variationalprinciples 位能变分原理completion certificate 竣工证书complex landslide 复合滑坡compliance criteria 遵从准则，依从准则compliance monitoring 特定监察compliance test 验证试验composite columnar section 综合柱状图composite pile 组合桩composite sliding surface 复合滑动面composite slope 复式边坡Comprehensive DevelopmentArea, CDA (土地利用)综合发展地区Comprehensive FeasibilityStudy 综合可行性研究comprehensive geophysicalmethod 综合物探方法comprehensive prediction 综合预报compressed-air caisson 气压沉箱compressed-air hammer 压缩空气锤compressed-air method (隧道)气压法compressed-air tamper 压缩空气夯compressibility (of soil or rock)(土壤或岩石) 压缩性compressibility ratio 压缩比compressible soil 压缩性土；可压缩土compression 压缩compression and recovery test压缩和复原试验compression curve 压缩曲线compression index, Cc 压缩指数compression test 压缩试验compression wave, P-wave 压缩波，P波compression zone 压缩区compressive deformation 压缩变形compressive strain, εc 压应变compressive strength 抗压强度compressive stress, σc 压应力compresso-crushed zone 挤压破碎带computation simulation 模拟计算concentrated load 集中荷载concentration 浓渡concentration factor (应力) 集中因子conceptual design 方案设计；概念设计concrete 混凝土concrete batching plant 混凝土厂concrete blockwork wall 混凝土块体墙concrete buttress 混凝土扶壁；混凝土支壁concrete corer 混凝土钻心式切削机concrete cutter 混凝土切削机concrete design 混凝土配合比设计concrete gravity platform 混凝土重力式钻采平台concrete groover 混凝土开槽式切削机concrete mix 混凝土配方concrete mixer 混凝土搅拌机concrete paving 混凝土覆盖concrete paving train 混凝土摊铺车concrete pile 混凝土桩concrete pump 混凝土泵concrete tubular pile 混凝土管桩condensation water 凝结水condensed water 凝结水conditions of contract 合约规则；合约章程conditions of tender 招标章程conduit 管道conduit jacking 顶管法cone bearing test 圆锥承重试验cone foundation 锥形基础cone of depression (地下水位)下降漏斗cone of groundwater influence水位降落漏斗cone penetration test, CPT 圆锥触探试验，静力触探试验cone penetration test with porepressure measurement孔压静力触探试验cone penetrometer 圆锥触探仪；(液限试验) 锥式液限仪cone resistance, qc 圆锥触探头阻力confined aquifer 层间含水层- 18 -confined compression test 圈闭压缩试验confined scar 封闭断崖，封闭滑坡边崖confined water 层间水confining pressure, σ3 (三轴试验) 侧压，围压conformable bedding 整合层面conglomerate 砾岩connate water 封存水connection 驳喉；接驳consequence of failure 崩塌后果，破坏后果，失稳后果consequence 后果，结果，影响consequence to life category (斜坡)人命后果类别Conservation Area, CA 保留地区Considerate Contractor Site Award Scheme 公德地盘奖励计划consistency 稠度consistency index, CI 稠度指数consistency limits 稠度界限consistency test 稠度试验consolidated anisotropically undrained test, CAU-test各向不等压固结不排水试验consolidated isotropically undrained test, CIU-test各向等压固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial compression test,CU-test 固结不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated-drained direct shear test, CD-test 固结排水直剪试验，慢剪试验consolidated-drained triaxial compression test,CD-test 固结排水三轴压缩试验consolidation 固结；加固consolidation apparatus 固结仪consolidation by electro-osmosis 电渗固结consolidation curve 固结曲线consolidation deformation 固结变形consolidation grouting 固结灌浆consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation test 固结试验consolidation test underconstant loading rate 等速率加荷固结试验consolidation test underconstant rate of strain 等应变速率固结试试验consolidometer 固结仪constant gradient test 等梯度固结试验constant head permeability test常水头渗透试验，恒定水头渗透试验constant head permeameter 常水头渗透仪constant head test 恒定水头试验，常水头试验constant pressure device 恒压装置constant rate of penetrationtest, CRP-test (桩工) 等速贯入试验constant rate of uplift test,CRU-test (桩工) 等速上拔试验constant volume test 恒体积试验constant-force-amplitudeexcitation 恒力幅激振constitutive equation 本构方程constitutive law 本构定律constitutive relation 本构关系constrained diameter 限制粒径constrained modulus 侧限模量construction anddemolition[C&D]material 拆建物料construction anddemolition[C&D]materialsortingfacility 拆建物料分类设施construction anddemolition[C&D]waste 拆建废料construction cost index 建筑费用指数construction fabrics 建筑用织物construction fibers 建筑用纤维construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载Construction Noise Permit建筑噪音许可证construction sequence 施工顺序Construction Site SafetyHandbook 建筑工地安全实务手册construction standard 建筑工程标准；建设标准consultancy agreement 顾问合约consultancy brief 顾问摘要consultant 顾问；顾问公司；工程顾问人员consultant management 顾问管理consultants’ fees 顾问费Consultant’s RemunerationIndex, CRI 顾问酬金指数consulting engineer 顾问工程师contact erosion 接触侵蚀contact pressure 接触压力contact scouring 接触面冲蚀contaminated 受污染contaminated dredged material受污染的疏浚物料contaminated mud 受污染海泥contaminated mud pit 污泥卸置坑continental shelf 大陆架contingency action 应急措施contingency sum 应急费用；拨备金额continual loading test, CL-test连续加荷固结试验continuing professionaldevelopment 持续专业发展continuous footing 条形基础，连续基础continuous medium 连续介质continuous sampling 连续取样contour 等高线contour interval 等高距contract 合约，合同，契约contract administration 合约管理contract adviser 合约顾问contract document 合约文件contract management 合约管理contract number 合约编号contract payment 合约支付款项- 19 -contract period 合约期contract price fluctuation 合约价浮动contractile skin 结合膜contractive soil 收缩性土contractor 承建商；承包商；判头contractor’s superintendence承建商监督contractual arrangement 合约安排contractual claim 合约索偿control countermeasure 防治对策control of geological hazard 地质灾害防治。

地质学词语The present is the key to the past.一.Universe宇宙；Galaxy星系； solar system太阳系（地球外部圈层：atmosphere大气圈；hydrosphere水圈；biosphere生物圈；）lithosphere岩石圈；atmosphere circulation大气环流⚫Mercury（水星）；Venus（金星）；Earth；Mars（火星）；Jupiter（木星）；Saturn（土星）；Uranus（天王星）；Neptune（海王星）；Pluto（冥王星）;Comet彗星；asteroid小行星⚫troposphere（对流层）stratosphere（平流层）mesosphere（中间层）ionosphere （电离层）thermosphere(热层)大地水准面（geoid）1.大陆地形：｛高原（plateau）；丘陵（hill）；平原（plain）｝2.海洋地形：大陆边缘（continental margin）：｛大陆架（continental shelf）；大陆坡（continental slope）大陆基（continentalrise）;岛弧（islandarc）;海沟（trench）｝大洋中脊（mid-oceanic ridge）;大洋盆地（oceanic basin）：｛深海丘陵（abyssal hill）深海平原（abyssal plain）}⚫元素（element）矿物（mineral）光泽（luster）解理（cleavage）硬度（hardness）条痕（streak）⚫岩石（rock）岩浆岩magmatite or Igneous rock;变质岩(metamorphic rock);沉积岩(sedimentary rock)。

⚫gravity重力; gravity anomaly重力场;Bouguer gravity复合重力场； anomaly磁⚫geomagnetic field地磁场; magnetic declination磁偏角; magnetic inclination磁倾角; magnetic anomaly地磁异常;geothermal field地温场geothermal gradient地温梯度; geothermalflow地热流; geothermal anomaly 地热异常;⚫seismic wave地震波：body wave体波 surface wave面波(纵波P wave, 横波S wave);⚫陨石（meteorite）古登堡面（Gutenberg discontinuity）莫霍面（Moho discontinuity）；雷曼界面；康德拉面（Conrad discontinuity）地壳（crust）;地幔（mantle）;地核（core）岩石圈（lithosphere）;软流圈（asthenosphere）⚫geological age地质年代,1.relative age相对地质年代：地层层序律（law of superposition）生物演化律(geological time scale);地质体之间的切割律;2.isotopic age同位素地质年代;⚫fossil化石, stratum地层 (strata；单数),3.地质年代单位：宙eon, 代era, 纪period, 世epoch，期age;时间地层单位：宇eonothem,界erathem,系system,统series,阶stage⚫显生宙：Phanerozoic 元古宙proterozoic(震旦纪Z)⚫古生代Paleozoic（早古生代，晚古生代）｛寒武纪cambrian,O奥陶纪ordovician,S志留纪silurian-早古生代｝D泥盆纪devonian,C石炭纪carboniferous,P二叠纪permian-晚古生代⚫中生代Mesozoic:T三叠纪triassic, J侏罗纪jurassic,K白垩纪cretaceous⚫新生代cenozoic:E古近纪paleogene, N新近纪neogene，二.风化作用weathering物理风化作用Physical weathering化学风化作用Chemical weathering风生物风化作用Biological weathering ;溶解作用(solution)氧化作用(oxidation);根劈作用Root wedging,differential weathering差异化spheroidal weathering球形风化Sequence of migration of elements元素迁移系列eluvium残积物, crust of weathering风化壳paleocrust of weathering古风化壳Sheet flow片流，flood flow洪流sheetwash片流洗刷作用•Proluvial fan洪积扇，slope wash坡积物1.vertical erosion下蚀作用：（瀑布water fall,深潭,向源侵蚀,河流的袭夺,base level of erosion河流的侵蚀基准面）teral erosion侧蚀作用：（河曲，蛇曲、自由河曲，牛轭湖）Laminar flow层流,turbulent flow紊流,circular current环流River valley河谷,drainage system deltaVertical erosion, lateral erosionBase level of erosion, River captureMeander, cut-off, ox-bow lake,Alluvium, flood plain,underground water地下水:[water of containing包气带水；phreatic water潜水；confined water承压水]⚫underground erosion潜蚀作用; underground river;⚫karst喀斯特地形（岩溶地形）; stone forest石林; karst cave透水层（permeable bed）含水层（aquifer）不透水层或隔水层impervious bed;ploughing刨蚀作用:方式有：挖掘作用plouking 磨蚀作用abrasion⚫glacier冰川；continental glacier大陆冰川;mountain glaciar山岳冰川⚫glacial valley冰蚀谷; horn角峰; cirque冰斗； arete鳍脊；ploughing depression冰蚀洼地；⚫moraine冰啧物; terminal moraine终～;lateral morain侧～; drumlin鼓丘;⚫glacial age冰期; interglacial age间冰期◼sea wave波浪; wave base; tide潮汐; tide current潮流; ocean current洋流;（turbidity current）浊流;littoral zone滨海; neritic zone浅海; bathyal zone半深海;abyssal zone深海;sea notch海蚀凹槽;sea cliff海蚀崖wave cut bench波切台;wave built bench波筑台sea stack海蚀柱;sea arch海蚀穹;Beach潮坪;tidal flat灰质岩; lagoon泻湖;◼Limestone石灰岩; chert硅质岩; organic reef生物礁; coralreef珊瑚礁; reef limestone;◼Fringing reef岸礁; barrier reef堡礁; atoll reef环礁;◼Ooze软泥; turbidite浊流; siliceous ooze硅质软泥;calcareous ooze钙质软泥; red clay红色大洋黏土 manganesenodule锰结核;风蚀作用(aeolian erosion) 吹蚀作用(deflation)磨蚀作用(abrasion)绿洲(oasis)风积物(aeolian deposit)风成沙(aeolian sand) 风成黄土(loess)新月形沙丘(parabolic dune) 纵向沙垄(longitudinal dune)地质作用(geological process)Diagenesis成岩作用; compaction压实作用; cemetation胶结作用; recrystallization重结晶作用;Structure构造; texture结构; bedding层理; bedding planestructure层面构造;Conglomerate砾岩; sandstone砂岩; siltstone粉岩;mudstone泥岩; shale页岩; limestone石灰岩; dolomite白云岩; chert硅质岩; volcanic breccia火山砾岩; tuff凝灰岩;三．产状；产状要素：走向(strike)Stratum地层；attitude产状；产状要素：倾向(dip)倾角(dip angle)Horizontal stratum水平岩层;inclined stratum倾斜岩层;vertical stratum直立岩层;◼Tectonic movement构造运动：cal movement升降运动；zontal movement水平运动;paleotectonis古构造运动，neotectonism新构造运动整合接触conformity;不整合接触关系unconformity:(disconformity平行不整合angular unconformity角度不整合〕◼Fold褶皱；褶皱要素：[core核；limb翼；hinge zone of fold 转折端枢纽；hinge of fold；轴面axial plane]anticlinorium复背斜、synclinorium复向斜、separated block-type fold隔挡式褶皱、separated trough-type fold隔槽式褶皱。