英语论文写作课后答案

美国大学英语写作课后习题答案（PART1）A NSWER KEYPart One: Essay Writing1 An Introduction to WritingActivity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6Point:There are drawbacks to moviegoing.Support: 1. Inconvenienceb. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theaterd. Sticky floor3. Other moviegoersa. Running kidsb. Laughing, shouting teenagersActivity (Introductory Paragraph), 81. c2. b3. a4. a. Inconvenience of going outb. Temptations of the theaterc. Behavior of some patronsActivity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–101. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle of the evening.2. b. Parking lot is always jammedd. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowdede. Tickets cost up to $8 each3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need.4. b. 2) chocolate bars3) Milk Duds5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand.6. a. Little kids race up and down the aislesb. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noisesActivity (Concluding Paragraph), 101. a2. cReview Activities, 18–20Answers will vary.2 The Writing ProcessActivities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31 Answers will vary.Activity (Writing a First Draft), 331. thesis 5.specific2. first 6.bs3. equiped (other answers are possible)7. conclusion4. second and thirdActivity (Revising with a Second Draft), 36–371. Second 5. watching what I keep in the house2. however 6. comfortable seats3. unity . . . My friends are as bad as I am. 7. As4. support . . . snacks like celery and carrot 8. jump into my handssticks . . . no ice cream in the freezer . . . 9. disgusteddripping with butter . . . risk pulling outmy fillings as I chewActivity (Taking a Writing Inventory), 39–40Answers will vary.Activity (Prewriting), 41–43L, Q, SO, C, FActivity 1 (Outlining), 43–451. Thesis:My high school had three problem areas.a. Students(1) Involved with drugs(2) Formed cliquesb. Teachers(1) Unwilling to help after class(2) Much too strictc. Buildings(1) Leaky ceilings(2) Ill-equipped gym2. Thesis:Working as a dishwasher in a restaurant was my worst job.a. Working conditions(1) Heat in kitchen(2) Noisy work areab. Hours(1) Ten-hour shifts(2) Hours changed every weekc. Pay(1) Minimum wage(2) No bonus for overtime3. Thesis: Joining an aerobics class has many benefits.a. Social benefits(1) Make new friends(2) Meet interesting instructorsb. Mental benefits(1) Reduces mental stress(2) Improves self-imagec. Physical benefits(1) Strengthens heart(2) Tones muscles4. Thesis: My favorite times in school were the days before holiday vacations.a. Lighter workload(1) Less work in class(2) Less homeworkb. Friendlier atmosphere(1) Teachers more relaxed(2) Students happy about vacationc. Special events(1) Pep rallies(2) Holiday concertsActivity 2 (Outlining), 45–47Thesis:More and more, the inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings.First topic sentence:The world of business is one area in which technology is isolating us.Support: 2. Workers’ salaries are automatically credited to their bank accounts.3. Personal banking is becoming a detached process.a. Customers interact with machines rather than people.b. Some loans are accepted or rejected by computers, not loan officers. Second topic sentence: Another area that technology is changing is entertainment. Support: 1. For many people now, music is a solitary experience.2. Fewer people go out to watch movies.Third topic sentence:Education is a third important area in which technology is separating us from others.Support: 1. Students sit alone in front of computers.2. Students use software at home instead of interacting with others.3. Videotapes are replacing class instruction.Activity (Revising), 47–482, 1, 4, 33 The First and Second Steps in Essay WritingActivity (Writing a Good Thesis), 50–51List 1 List 22 Teachers3 Bicyclesl Education 4 Dangers of bike riding3 Math teacher l Recreation5 My high school math 2 Recreational vehiclesteacher was incompetent. 5 Bike riding in the city is a4 High school math teacher dangerous experience.List 3 List 41 Retail companies 3 Camping2 Supermarkets 4 First camping trip4 Dealing with customers 2 Summer vacation3 Working in a supermarket 5 My first camping trip was a 5 I’ve learned how to handle disastrous experience.unpleasant supermarket customers. l VacationsActivity (Common Errors in Writing a Thesis), 53A. 1. TBB. 6. 22. TN 7. A3. TB 8. 24. TN 9. A5. TB 10. 2Activity (Support the Thesis with Specific Evidence), 54–55 Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point for each outline is listed below.1. c. Learning new rules and procedures 4. c. Save money2. c. Sense of humor 5. c. Long hours3. c. Too cold in the winter 6. c. Worry about financesActivity (The Importance of Specific Details), 57S 1. The paragraph lists specific precautions: getting a permit and buyingpressure-treated lumber.X 2. What kinds of things did the writer do wrong? What specific rules were enforced?How did this parent punish the writer?S 3 The paragraph lists specific examples of items that should not be improved:cheesecake and jeans.X 4. What kinds of problems does the dog have? How does the dog misbehave when the owners are away? How did the owners try to train the dog?Activity 1 (The Importance of Adequate Details), 58Answers are given in the text after the activity.Activity (Identifying the Parts of an Essay), 61Thesis statement: 4Topic sentence of first supporting paragraph: 5Topic sentence of second supporting paragraph: 15Topic sentence of third supporting paragraph: 22First sentence of the conclusion: 34Activity 1 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 61–62 Activity 2 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 621. A a. 1. TN a.OKb. OK b.2. OK a. 2. TN a.Ab. OK b.3. OK a. 3. TN a.Ab. OK b.a. 4. OK a.OKb. TN b.a. 5. OK a.OKb. TN b.Activity 3 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 62–63 Activity 4 (Evaluating Thesis Statements), 631. TB a. 1. OK a.OKb. 2 b.a. 2. 2 a.OKb. OK b.3. OK a. 3. OK a.TBb. 2 b.4. TB a. 4. 2 a.OK b.OK b.5. TB a. 5. 2 a.OK b.OK b.Activity (Completing Thesis Statements), 64Answers for this activity will vary; a possible third point of development for each thesis statement is listed below.1. science. 6. coach2. to be enthusiastic. 7. we were emotionally immature.3. my boyfriend. 8. manners4. money. 9. my relationships with others.5. breaks down regularly. 10. the time I dented my friend’s car.Activity (Writing a Thesis Statement), 65Answers may vary slightly.1. The cars I’ve owned have reflected the changes in my personality.2. Attending a two-year college has several advantages.3. I have tried several ways to give up snacks.4. Halloween is not all fun.5. Three factors contributed to my heart attack.Activity 1 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 66Answers will vary; a possible thesis for each limited subject is listed below.1. Sharing an apartment with a roommate helped me adjust to a new city.2. Deciding to be less critical of your spouse can help a marriage.3. My mother’s tidiness drives us crazy.4. Fast-food restaurants are cheaper, cleaner, and friendlier than other restaurants.5. My cousin Myra has several bad driving habits.6. Regular exercise can help ease emotional problems.7. Do-it-yourself repairs always end up costing me more money than they’re supposed to.8. The free-agent system has made baseball a big business, not a sport.9. Being a single parent can be exhausting, frustrating, andintimidating.10. Noise pollution is a growing problem in our city.Activity 2 (Limiting a Topic and Writing a Thesis), 67Answers will vary; some possible limited subjects and thesis statements are listed below.1. Exotic animals as petsPeople should not be allowed to keep exotic animals as pets.2. Teens and birth controlParents should be notified if their daughters visit a birth control clinic.3. The new season’s TV programmingThe new television programs are carbon copies of last year’s successful shows.4. Computerized officesComputers in offices are creating new health problems for employees.5. Major fields of studyChoosing a major does not have to be done blindly.6. House callsDoctors should be compelled to make house calls.7. Summer vacationsSummer is the worst time of year to take a vacation.8. BarbecuingThere are three kinds of people who will be found behind a barbecue grill.9. Children’s allowancesGetting an allowance teaches a child to be responsible, mature, and thrifty.10. Christmas shoppingOne year I made the mistake of doing my Christmasshopping months in advance. Activity (Providing Specific Evidence), 68–69Answers will vary; some possibilities are listed below.1. Guests arrived two hours late; roast was burned; host and hostess got into a huge fight2. Collects dead frogs, birds, and worms; loves to dunk pizza in his chocolate milk; combs hishair with his toothbrush3. Too tired; too hungry; too disorganized4. Chose my friends for me; chose my clothes for me; chose my college for me5. Baby-sitting, gardening, baking cookies6. New ignition, new brakes, new heater7. Cat got sick; kids got sick; roof started to leak8. Slept at his desk; gave six hours of homework per night; had a nasty temperActivity (Identifying Adequate Supporting Evidence), 69–70 AD 1.U 2. What are specific examples of how people are thoughtless to pets? What are the particular needs of pets that may be ignored? Examples might include bathing animals regularly,treating them for fleas, helping them stay cool in summer, exercising them, andproviding a nutritious diet.U 3. What are specific examples of shows that are of little interest to people? Exactly how would commercials be changed? How would network news be made more interesting?Examples might include the names of shows (situation comedies, game shows, and soon) that aren’t popular. Commercials might be changed by eliminating repetitiousjingles or celebrity endorsements (using examples of current commercials).AD 4.U 5. What are examples of how the woman was set in her ways? What did she say about the kind of hairdo she wanted? For example, the woman might have rejected any suggestions other than the style she was used to. What did the writer do that was unsuccessful?And how did the woman seem to indicate that the writer was not doing what shewanted? For instance, she might have shook her head or sighed every time the writerattempted to please her.Activity (Adding Details to Complete an Essay), 70–73Answers will vary; possible supporting details are included in the paragraphs below.First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for personal interests. We all read more that week than we had read during the six months before. Dad introduced Mom to his favorite mystery writer—Dorothy Sayers—and it was pleasant to see them sitting on the sofa together, each one absorbed in a book. Luella, serious as always, read novels by Charles Dickens, while I settled modestly for the daily newspapers. W e each also enjoyed some hobbies we had ignored for ages. Mom and Dad did crossword puzzles together, Lu dusted off her stamp collection, and I finished knitting the sweater I had started last September. In addition, my sister and I both stopped procrastinating with our homework. Instead ofputting off our English and math assignments until our favorite shows were over, we tackled them right after supper and found that, without the sound of the TV blaring in our ears, we could do them in a couple of hours—far more quickly than we expected.Second, we did chores that had been hanging over our heads for too long. There were many jobs around the house that had needed attention for some time. Mom fixed a faucet that had been dripping for weeks while Dad patched the cracked plaster in the dining room. Lu and I cleaned our closets, finding records, tapes, and magazines that had been missing for months. By the end of the week, the house was in tidier shape than it had been since we moved in. We also had a chance to do some long-postponed shopping. Mom and Dad picked out a new sofa for the den; Lu bought some new books, and I went through a whole stack of catalogs and finished all my Christmas shopping by mail. And each of us also did some letter writing or other paperwork that was long overdue.Mom and Dad struggled with this year’s income tax forms, Lu wrote to Johnny, a friend she met at Spirit Lake last summer, and I wrote a thank-you note to Aunt Elsie for letting me stay with her during my weekend in New York City last month.Finally, and probably most important, we spent time with each other. Instead of being in the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. Mom told us about the programming project she has been doing at work, and we had fun planning the trip to Boston we are going to take this summer. Moreover, for the first time in years my family played some games together. We played several games of Scrabble, and we even got out the Monopoly set and played a game following the rules our family has made up over the years.And because we didn’t have to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over a couple of evenings and spent an enjoyable time with them. We were glad to see how much the Overholt children had grown, and Joe and Sandy Ciprianni kept us laughing all evening with their stories about fixing up the old house they bought.4 The Third Step in Essay WritingFill-ins (Common Methods of Organization), 75–76The topic sentences in the essay use the words To begin with, Next, and Finally to help show time order.The paragraph uses the following words to help show time order: Next, first, Then, After, and Finally.The topic sentences in the essay use the words For one thing, In addition, and Most important to help show emphatic order.The words Worst of all are used to mark the most emphatic detail in the paragraph.Activity (Common Methods of Organization), 77A. 1. time orderB. time; emphatic; time; emphatic2. emphatic order3. combination of time and emphatic orderActivity (Transitions), 78–801. Addition signals: One, Also, Another2. Time signals:After,First, Next, Finally3. Space signals:Next [to], To the right, Near4. Change-of-direction signals:But, however5. Illustration signals:For example, such as6. Conclusion signals:Finally, thereforeActivity (Transitional Sentences), 81Answers may vary slightly.In addition to teaching me about the importance of family support, my parents taught me the value of hard work.Along with the value of hard work, my parents emphasized the benefits of a good education. Activity (Other Connecting Words), 831. four times2. he3. iron range; throbbing swellings; frigidActivity (Introductory Paragraph), 86-87 Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 891. B Starting with an opposite 1. P/R2. F Quotation 2. Q3. A General to narrow 3. SActivity (Titles), 90–91Answers will vary; examples of titles are given below.1. Choosing McDonald’s2. A Diner at Midnight3. Audiences at Rock ConcertsActivity 1 (Organizing Through Time Order), 91–931. 12. 33. 13 132 2 2Activity 2 (Organizing Through Emphatic Order), 95–961. 22. 33. 21 1 33 2 1Activity (Providing Transitions), 93–94First of all, there are the people . . .For example, there are the ones . . .Another type of nervous . . .However, neither of these . . .A second category of people . . .On the contrary, they feel compelled . . .As a result, no one hears . . .After they have been to the theater . . .Then they will start . . .Last of all, there are the people who talk . . .In addition, it is impossible . . .But if ever I am granted . . .Activity (Identifying Transitions and Other Connecting Words), 95–96S 1. T 9.P 2. RW 10.T 3. S 11.S 4. T 12.P 5. P 13.RW 6. RW 14.P 7. T 15.P 8.Activity (Completing Transitional Sentences), 96–97Thesis 1:After making certain that your house conforms to state regulations, you must obtain legal permits . . .Finally, once you have the necessary legal permits, you can begin to advertise . . .Thesis 2:In addition to saving me money, watching the game at home is more comfortable than sitting in astadium . . .Even more important than cost and comfort, though, is the technology which makes a televised game better than the “real thing.”. . .Activity (Identifying Introductions and Conclusions), 97-99 Pair 1:D Incident or storyI Prediction or recommendationPair 2:E Question(s)G Summary and final thoughtPair 3:F QuotationG Summary and final thought5 The Fourth Step in Essay WritingActivity (Use Parallelism), 101–102Answers may vary slightly.1. The novelty store sells hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and fake insects.2. Many people share the same three great fears: being in high places, working with numbers,and making speeches.3. To decide on a career, people should think closely about their interests, hobbies, and skills.4. At the body shop, the car was sanded down to the bare metal, painted with primer, andsprayed with red enamel.5. In order to become a dancer, Lola is taking lessons, working in amateur shows, andauditioning for professional companies.6. Juan’s last job offered security; his new job offers a better chance for advancement.7. People in today’s world often try to avoid silence, whether on the job, in school, or athome.8. Because the dying woman was dignified and courageous, she won everyone’s respect.9. The politician trusted no one, rewarded loyalty, and depended only on his own instincts.10. If we’re not careful, we’ll leave the next generation polluted air, contaminated water, anddying forests.Activity (Consistency with Verbs), 1031. arrive arrived 6. floatedfloats2. asks asked 7. grabsgrabbed3. sliced slices 8.swooped swoops4. went goes 9.recharged recharge5. tips tipped 10. burnsburnedActivity (Consistency with Pronouns), 104–1051. your their health 6. you I canown2. you I never know 7. you herindigestion3. youwe have if youwe 8. you we don’t dare4. their its aggressive 9. we they canlearn5. one you should plan 10. one you shoulddressActivity 1 (Use Specific Words), 106–107Answers will vary; following are examples.1. Potato chips, pretzels, and salted peanuts . . .2. . . . papers, books, and magazines . . .3. . . . a TV, a CD player, and a computer.4. The comics, the sports pages, the obituaries, and the society page . . .5. . . .my throat, my ears, and my lungs . . .Activity 2 (Use Specific Words), 107–108Answers will vary; following are examples.1. The rusty old Buick sputtered, whined, and refused to start.2. The mathematics final was filled with tricky, baffling problems.3. Little Robbie was so exhausted that he could scarcely keep his eyes open.4. My cluttered, jumbled, dusty bedroom needs to be swept out, scrubbed, and reorganized.5. A broken-down city bus blocked Main Streetand stopped traffic for an hour.Activity (Use Active Verbs), 1091. The typical American diet includes many unhealthy foods.2. Hundreds of biting ants invaded the family picnic.3. Doctors use antibiotics to treat many infections.4. A drunk driver caused the fatal traffic accident.5. The instructor will determine final grades on the basis of class performance.Activity (Use Concise Words), 110–111Answers will vary.1. I will conclude by summarizing my major points.2. Every day, parents must control their children’s television watching.3. I am shy.4. Magazine advertising contains clever hidden messages.5. My worst mistake last week was to hurt my brother’s feelings and not apologize.6. In today’s uncertain economy, the middle class finds it hard to save.7. We liked last night’s television show, but our parents didn’t.8. The school district canceled classes because of the bad weather.9. I regret not having studied word processing in high school.10. People are harmed by emotional as well as by physical abuse.Activity (Revise by Adding a Second Complete Thought), 112–1131. . . . sandwiches, for he is allergic . . .2. . . . sleep, but the thought . . .3. . . . bakery, and it has . . .4. . . . soggy, for rainwater had . . .5. . . . present, so I offered . . .Activity (Revise by Adding a Dependent Thought), 114–115 Answers may vary.1. Because I had forgotten to lock the front door, I . . .2. When the bear turned over the rotten log, fat . . .3. After Kevin had sent away for a set of tools, he . . .4. Because some people are allergic to wool, they . . .5. Even though an older woman in my typing class can type almost one hundred words aminute, she . . .Activity (Revise by Beginning with a Special Opening Word or Phrase), 1161. Reluctantly, Shirley signed the repair contract.2. To improve their chances of promotion, the interns volunteered to work overtime.3. During the trial, the accused murderer grinned at the witnesses.4. Crowded with nervous pets, the vet’s office was noisy and confusing.5. Trying to find something worth watching, Barry flipped from channel to channel.Activity (Revise by Placing Adjectives or Verbs in a Series), 117–118Answers may vary.1. The baby toddled across the rug, picked up a button, and put the button in his mouth.2. Brown, foul-tasting water dribbled out of the rusty metal tap.3. By 6 A.M., I had read the textbook chapter, taken notes on it, studied the notes, and drunkeight cups of coffee.4. The exterminator approached the large, papery wasps’ nests hanging under the old woodeneaves.5. Slim brown reeds bordered the stagnant green pond. Activity (Proofreading), 120–1211. 2 6.112. 4 7.133. 5 8.144. 6 9.165. 9 10.17Corrections (methods of correction may vary):1. an ashtray which I made 6. my father, whosmoked2. the pride I felt when I presented 7. bright purple, my favorite color3. a shelf; it is a remarkably 8. its rim; they arecolored neon green.4. circle. Unfortunately, 9. love me, Ilook5. or cigar, so I made 10. ugly ashtray;the answerReview Test 1 (Using Parallelism), 1221. filled with suspense suspenseful 6. selling toys toy salesperson2. furniture for the office 7. food on thetable putting food on the tableoffice furniture 8. to cram cramming3. my kitchen working in my kitchen 9. bags are put on thembagged(or:put into bags)4. preparing to prepare 10. with friendlinessas well and his friendliness5. being kind kindnessReview Test 2 (Using Parallelism), 1231. to buy buying 6. werewhispering whispered2. shows on science science shows 7. to start starting3. porch furniture that was rotted 8. pay that is good goodpayrotting porch furniture 9. was putting put 4. her shirt was torna torn shirt 10. losing lost5. takingtake (or:climbing . . . taking)Review Test 1 (Using a Consistent Point of View), 1241. is was taken 6. getsgot the chicken2. are were not on the same shelf 7. realizes realized itcontained3. proceeds proceeded slowly. 8. transfers transferredthe groceries,4. decides decided to pick up 9. notices noticed that thebarbecued chicken5. parks parked his shopping cart 10. says said to the clerk, Review Test 2 (Using a Consistent Point of View), 1251. you they work. 6. one I canmeet2. you I could hear 7. were toyou me.3. you we are supposed 8. you I drive4. one I must complete 9. you they haveturned in5. you he could not tell 10. and asked to helpyou her.Review Test 1 (Using Specific Words), 126Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. . . . I felt sad, angry, and worried.2. The lukewarm soup, stale sandwiches, and limp salads . . .3. Ants, moths, and spiders . . .4. . . . it rained nonstop, with a bone-chilling wind.5. . . . a broken arm, two broken ribs, and a concussion.Review Test 2 (Using Specific Words), 127Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. The haughty, scowling salesman told us not to waste his time with stupid questions.2. Betty dug her fists into her eyes and shook with sobs.3. The third game of the World Series was a tense pitchers’ duel.4. The airport lounge was thronged with holiday travelers.5. The woman in the front seat was muttering to herself and trembling.Review Test (Using Active Verbs), 1281. The health inspector closed the pizza restaurant.2. The workers in the library sorted huge stacks of donated books.3. A virus infected my computer.4. Oil companies will not increase gasoline prices this winter.5. Our airplanes dropped high-powered bombs onto enemy bases.6. The telephone company placed an additional charge onour phone bill.7. A group of vandals damaged the community center.8. Physical activity, meditation, and relaxation relieve stress.9. The federal government will raise taxes to pay for highway improvements.10. Studies show that watching violent TV programs increases violent behavior.Review Test 1 (Using Concise Words), 129Answers may vary; examples are shown.1. I finally decided to look for a new job.2. Because her printer was out of paper, Renee went to buy some.3. Tamika realized suddenly that her date had stood her up.4. Our teacher does not yet know if she will return next year.5. The salesperson advised us to wait until the price dropped before buying our computer. Review Test 2 (Using Concise Words), 130Answers may vary; examples are shown.1. Our company allows two fifteen-minute coffee breaks.2. Your line of credit has been increased.3. I prefer candy to fruit. (Or:I think candy tastes better than fruit.)4. Lynn rarely admits that she has made a mistake.5. Many people think that children should, by law, attend school until age sixteen.Review Test 1 (Varying Your Sentences), 131Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. Sophie had repaired her broken watchband with a paper clip, but the clip snapped and thewatch slid off her wrist.2. The physical therapist watched as Julie tried to stand on her weakened legs and theycrumpled under her.3. Although there were parking spaces on the street, Richie pulled into an expensive garagebecause he did not want to risk damage to his new car.4. Speeding, the brown truck skidded on some ice and almost hit a startled young policeofficer.5. A sudden terrible rainstorm flooded our basement, knocked slates off the roof, anduprooted a young tree.Review Test 2 (Varying Your Sentences), 132–133Answers will vary; examples are shown.1. When a sudden cold front hit the area, temperatures dropped thirty degrees in less than anhour. I was not wearing a warm jacket, so my teeth began to chatter.2. Vern works as a model, so he has to look his best. When he gained ten pounds recently, hehad to take off the extra weight, or he would have lost his job.3. As the ball game was about to begin, a dog ran onto the field and began nipping theinfielders’ ankles. The game had to be delayed until the dog was chased away.4. The hungry lion watched the herd of gazelle closely. If a young or sick animal wanderedaway from the group, the lion would move in for the kill.5. Suffering from arthritis, my aunt decided to find a helpful。

英语论文写作练习答案In the contemporary era, the landscape of education has been profoundly transformed by the advent of technology. The integration of digital tools and platforms has not only reshaped the way educators teach but also how students learn and engage with educational content. This essay aims to explore the multifaceted impact of technology on modern education, focusing on its benefits and challenges.Enhanced Learning ExperiencesOne of the most significant advantages of technology in education is the enriched learning experience it offers. Interactive whiteboards, for instance, have become a staplein many classrooms, allowing teachers to create dynamic lessons that are more engaging than traditional chalkboard teaching. Additionally, educational software and applications have made learning more interactive, with features such as quizzes, games, and simulations that cater to different learning styles.Access to Diverse ResourcesThe internet has opened up a vast repository of educational resources. Students can access scholarly articles, online textbooks, and video lectures from top universities around the world. This democratization of knowledge has made education more inclusive, allowing students from differentsocioeconomic backgrounds to benefit from high-quality learning materials.Personalized LearningTechnology facilitates personalized learning, where educational content can be tailored to meet individual student needs. Adaptive learning platforms analyze student performance and adjust the difficulty level of tasks accordingly. This approach ensures that students are neither overwhelmed by overly challenging material nor bored by content that is too simple.Collaborative LearningThe use of collaborative tools such as Google Classroom and Microsoft Teams has made it easier for students to work together on projects, regardless of their physical location. This promotes teamwork and communication skills, which are essential in today's globalized workforce.Challenges and ConsiderationsDespite the numerous benefits, the integration of technology in education is not without its challenges. One major concern is the digital divide, where students from underprivileged backgrounds may lack access to the necessary devices and internet connectivity. This disparity can exacerbate existing educational inequalities.Another challenge is the potential for distraction. The samedevices that provide access to educational resources can also provide access to social media and other online distractions, which can detract from the learning process.ConclusionThe integration of technology in education has undeniably brought about a paradigm shift. It has the potential to enhance learning experiences, provide access to a wealth of resources, and promote personalized and collaborative learning. However, it is crucial to address the challenges associated with technology use in education, such as the digital divide and the risk of distraction. By doing so, we can ensure that the benefits of technology are realized byall students, regardless of their background.。

《英语论文写作教程》第三章练习答案Reference Key to Exercises该答案适用于：《英语论文写作教程》操时尧柯军编著湖北科学技术出版社2013.5Chapter 3 Writing ProcessI. Which of the following would be considered as plagiarism?Answer: (a),(b),(d)and(e)are plagiarism.II. Study the topic questions and related information below, and complete an outline in the grid. Title: A comparison of advertising effects between newspapers and TVMain body:i) Benefits of TV advertising (reach large audience, have strong impact)ii) Drawbacks of TV advertising (expensive and can be ignored)iii) Benefits of newspaper advertising (flexible, cheap, focused)iv) Drawbacks of newspaper advertising (static)Conclusion: TV more effective in reaching large numbers but newspapers probably better for specialized marketsIII. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.如果某人在学术论文中直接引用或者转述他人的原话，而未标明文献来源，这就是学术剽窃。

美国大学英语写作课后习题答案Last revision on 21 December 2020Suggested Answers for “The Yellow Ribbon”—by Pete Hamill (P. 210)1.Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back.2. b3. a4. B5.Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.”6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail. He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th StreetOther transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick8.But if she didn’t...9.Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience.10.The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously.We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home.The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely.the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson1. d2. Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society.3. “According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience.”4. Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension6. B7.8. To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit9.D10.The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved.to Be Different: by Camille Lewisc 2. a 3. D4. She lists a series of examples where the “empathizing” mindset is evident:female-dominated careers, female reading matter, and female relationships5. Brain anatomyWays of interacting with the worldWays of problem solving6. Lewis presents her essay point by point. The first point is about brain anatomy, thesecond is about interacting with the world, and the third is about problem solving.For each point, she discusses women and then men.7.8. On the other hand (7)In contrast (9)But (11)9.d 10 aAnswers for “Shame”—Dick GregoryNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 584-5851. A2. D3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. a Answers b, c, and d are too narrow.5. c See Paragraph 66. True See Paragraph 237. a See Paragraph 58. B. The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund shows Richard’s pride9. b Richard’s teacher ignores his problems and humiliates him in front of the entire class;see paragraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Richard’s humiliation; see paragraph 23.Structure and Technique, 5851. In paragraphs 1 and 2, Gregory mentions several steps he took to impress Helene Tucker.What were they Why does he include them in his essayAnswer:In order to impress Helene, Gregory brushed his hair, got a handkerchief, washed his socks and shirt every night, shoveled the snow off her walk, tried to make friends with her mother and aunts, and left money on her stoop. He describes those steps in detailbecause, besides demonstrating his devotion to Helene, they give a clear picture ofGregory’s poverty.2. A metaphor is a suggested comparison. What metaphor does Gregory use in paragraph 5,and what is its purpose What metaphor does he use in the second sentence of paragraph 7, and what does it meanAnswer:In paragraph 5, Gregory uses the metaphor that he was pregnant to suggest the effects of poverty on him—it gave him strange tastes, which pregnant people get. It also filled him (as pregnancy fills someone), but with negative things: poverty, dirt, “smells that made people turn away,” and so on.In the second sentence of paragraph 7, Gregory uses the metaphor of a flying eagle torepresent the movement of money. (A picture of an eagle is engraved on one side of aquarter).3. In narrating the incidents in the classroom and in the restaurant, Gregory chooses toprovide actual dialogue rather than merely to tell what happened. WhyAnswer:By using the exact words spoken by Helene, the teacher, and himself, Gregory gives a very clear picture of what happened by allowing the reader to “experience” it, ratherthan simply hear a general summary. The dialogue between Helene and the teacher shows Helene as an ideal little student who received approval from the teacher. The dialoguebetween Gregory and the teacher, however, clearly demonstrates Gregory’s eagerness to impress Helene and his unsuccessful, embarrassing attempt to gain the teacher’s approval.If Gregory had merely described what had happened, we would have a much less vividimpression of the characters involved.4. At the end of the essay, Gregory shifts his focus from the classroom to the scene involving thewino at the restaurant. What is the connection between this closing scene and the rest of the essayAnswer:In the body of the essay, Gregory is narrating a time that he was shamed publicly and no one came to his defense. In the closing scene, Gregory realizes that he has done the same thing—that he, too, has witnessed a person being shamed without assisting him. He feels a new kind of “shame,” that of having failed to help another man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion,5861. When Gregory writes, “I never learned hate at home, or shame. I had to go to school forthat” (paragraph 1), he is using irony—an inconsistency between what is expected andwhat actually occurs. What does he mean by these two statements What is the effect of his ironyAnswer:Gregory means that although his home life was one of poverty and want, his home was not a place of inhumane values, such as hatred and shame. But at school, which on its surface was a more positive place, he was made to feel hatred and shame. The ironicstatement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want to know more about whatGregory means.2. What are Gregory’s feelings about his teacher What were your feelings about her as you readthis essay What could the teacher have done or said that would not have made Gregory feel ashamedAnswer:Gregory seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand why hemisbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker. But he also wanted her approval badly, as seen by the Community Chest incident and the fact that he got a “big thrill” out of being chosen to clean the blackboard. Students’ suggestions about the teacher will vary. One possibility: She could have merely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privately later if she doubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3. Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame. What other important lessons does Gregory learn in this essay Explain.Answer:From paragraph 3, in which Gregory talks about his accomplishments later in life, we can conclude that he learned he could boost his self-esteem through his own efforts.Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences, he learned that children who are hungryand poor may feel invisible and so behave in ways that attract attention. From hisexperience with the wino, he learned that in order to feel good about himself, he would have to start standing up for other people who were shamed.4. At the end of his essay, Gregory says, “I waited too long to help another man.” Why do youthink he waited so long to assist the wino What are some reasons people do not always help others who are in need (for example, ignoring a homeless person seated on the sidewalk) Answer:Gregory probably had many reasons for not helping the wino sooner:embarrassment at drawing attention to himself, reluctance to part with his hard-earnedmoney, not wanting to get in trouble with Mr. Williams, not knowing the wino and thus feeling the affair wasn’t his business, etc. People have similar reasons for not helpingothers in need. In addition, people who ignore a homeless man may feel that the man’s problems—maybe including substance abuse or mental illness—are so big and deep-rooted that they are not qualified to help him in any effective way.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience.1. He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front of Helene Tucker (7-23).2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money (28).3. His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (29-37).Suggested Answers for “Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising” by Ann McClintockNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,648-6491. b2. d3. b Answer a is too broad; answers c and d are too narrow.4. c Answers a and b are too narrow; answer d is too broad.5. b Paragraph 96. d Paragraphs 18-197. c Paragraph 168. c Paragraph 239. b10. aStructure and Technique, 649-6501. In paragraph 1, McClintock’s choice of words reveals her attitudes toward bothpropagandists and the public. What specific words reveal her attitudes, and what attitudes do they representAnswer:McClintock describes propagandists as “seducers” and “brainwashers.” She refers to their “alluring images,” their “tricks,” and their “charm.” She describes the public as “content” and “eager . . . victims.” Her choice of words makes it clear that she thinkspropagandists are untrustworthy and interested in taking unfair advantage of a too-trusting public.2. What key term does McClintock define in paragraph 2 Why does she define it here Whereelse in the essay does she use the technique of definitionAnswer:She defines the term “propaganda.” She places the definition close to the beginning because it is so essential to the reader’s understanding of the rest of her essay. Other points at which McClintock uses definition are in paragraphs 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 21. In each of those paragraphs, she defines a particular propaganda technique.3. McClintock uses parentheses in two lists, the ones in paragraphs 7 and 19. What purposedo these parentheses serveAnswer:Paragraph 7 lists “high-sounding but basically empty phrases.” The author uses parentheses to add comments that reveal the emptiness of those listed phrases. Paragraph19 lists claims that include “weasel words.” The author uses parentheses to show just howinsubstantial those weasel words are.4 . McClintock provides abundant examples throughout her essay. Why does she provide somany examples What does she accomplish with this techniqueAnswer:McClintock’s many examples, drawn from the television and print ads we all see every day, clarify her definitions and demonstrate that propaganda techniques are truly a factor in everyday life. The examples make the reader more aware of the effects ofpropaganda on decisions he or she makes.Critical Reading and Discussion,6501. Some of the propaganda techniques listed in the selection have contrasting appeals. How doname-calling and glittering generalities contrast with each other Testimonials and plain folksAnswer:Name-calling appeals to the instincts of fear, anger, and mistrust. Name-calling propaganda encourages the public to reject something or someone. Glittering generalities, on the other hand, appeal to the public’s positive emotions: love, attraction, patriotism. The public is asked to accept the thing or person advertised by associating it with thoseemotions.Testimonials depend on the public’s interest in or affection for celebrities—peopleordinary viewers don’t know but admire and see as bigger and more important thanthemselves. By contrast, plain folks advertising is based on the idea that the public likes to see ordinary people—people like themselves—in the products and services they buy.2. Why are ads that use the bandwagon approach so effective What ads have you seen recentlythat use that approachAnswer:The bandwagon technique is effective because of the human need to be part of a group. We feel safe and secure when we are surrounded by people who agree with us aboutsomething—even something as trivial as what frozen coffee cake is best (“Nobody doesn’tlike Sara Lee”). Answers to the second question will vary.3. The author states, “Americans, adults and children alike, are being seduced.” What mightbe the differences between the ways adults and children react to the seductions ofadvertisingAnswer:Answers will vary.4. McClintock states, “We are victims, seemingly content—even eager—to be victimized”(paragraph 1). Do you agree Is this article likely to change how you view ads in the futureWhy or why notAnswer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: People should detect and understand common propaganda techniques, which appealto the emotions rather than to logic.1. We are bombarded with ads, which present biased messages through various propagandatechniques, including seven common ones (1-4).2. Name calling—referring to a competitor with negatively charged names or comments (5).3. Glittering generalities—making important-sounding general claims with no explanation (6-8).4. Transfer—associating something with a symbol or image most people respect and admire (9-11).5. Testimonial—promoting something with the support of a celebrity (12-15).6. Plain folks—associating something with the average person (16-17).7. Card stacking—making something sound good by suppressing relevant evidence ormaking an unfinished claim (18-19).8. Bandwagon—appealing to people’s desire to do what many others are doing (20-21).9. Use critical thinking to avoid reacting emotionally to ads (22-23).Suggested Answers for “Here’s to Your Health”—Joan DunayerNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,667-6681. c2. c3. d Answers a, b, and c are too narrow.4. c Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer d, never directly stated inthe article, is too narrow.5. b Paragraph 66. False Paragraph 47. True Paragraph 88. a9. False Paragraphs 6 and 810. d Paragraphs 4 and 8Structure and Technique,668-6691. What method of introduction does Dunayer use What effect do you think she hoped toachieve with this introductionAnswer:She uses an anecdote. By telling a brief story about Tod’s experience, she puts a human face on the larger idea that alcohol abuse is linked to societal pressure. It also sets the tone for Dunayer’s thesis by showing the potential danger of even small amounts of alcohol.2. Dunayer introduces her criticism of alcohol with the words “Part of the myth is . . . .” (Seethe first sentence of paragraph 3.) What addition transitions does she use to introduce each of the three other parts of the myth (in the first sentences of paragraphs 5, 7, and 9) What is gained by the use of these transitionsAnswer:The three addition transitions are “another,”“also,” and “finally.” Each transition makes the reader aware that one element of the myth is being introduced.3. The body of Dunayer’s essay is made up of four pairs of paragraphs (paragraphs 3 and 4; 5and 6; 7 and 8; 9 and 10). What is the relationship between the paragraphs in each pair In which of the two paragraphs does Dunayer present her own perspective Why do you think she puts her own perspective in that paragraphAnswer:In the first paragraph of each pair, Dunayer presents one part of the alcohol myth.She begins each second paragraph with a topic sentence that represents her perspective. She then goes on to support her topic sentence with a series of facts. For example, below is the topic sentence of paragraph 4; it represents her perspective, which contradicts what the ad in paragraph 3 suggests about whiskey.Contrary to what the liquor company would have us believe, drinking is moreclosely related to lack of success than to achievements.She then follows that sentence with supporting facts.By presenting her perspective after describing each part of the myth, Dunayer makes her points more dramatically: She sets up an appealing image in the first paragraph of each pair only to knock it down with force in the second one.4. In her essay, Dunayer provides vivid descriptions of alcohol advertisements, particularly inparagraphs 3 and 5. What vivid details does she provide How do these details support her main pointAnswer:In paragraph 3 she describes in detail the print ad showing two prosperous-looking businessmen in a restaurant, surrounded by fine crystal, velvet draperies, and spotless linen.In paragraph 5, she provides details about a beach scene: a young, beautiful, sexy woman; a young muscular man enticing her with a cold beer. By providing such detailed descriptions, Dunayer makes the reader very aware of the advertiser’s premise (alcohol will make you successful; alcohol will make you sexually attractive) behind such ads.Critical Reading and Discussion,6691. Dunayer presents and then rebuts four “myths” about alcohol. What are these four mythsAccording to Dunayer, what is the reality behind each mythAnswer:(1) Alcohol will make you professionally successful. In fact, says Dunayer, alcohol is frequently tied to low achievement and poverty. (2) Alcohol will make you sexuallyattractive. Dunayer says that alcohol actually lowers one’s hormones and can lead toimpotence and infertility. (3) Alcohol and sports mix well. Dunayer points out that alcohol slows the reflexes, interferes with the eyes’ ability to focus, and increases the likelihood of various serious diseases. (4) Alcohol brings families closer together. In fact, Dunayerwrites, alcohol is frequently involved in domestic violence, suicide, and birth defects.2. Dunayer concludes, “‘Here’s to your health’ rings with a terrible irony when it isaccompanied by the clink of liquor glasses” (paragraph 11). What is the “terrible irony”she refers to How does this irony—already signaled in her essay’s title—relate to her main pointAnswer:The irony is that alcohol, rather than promoting one’s health, is often tied to illness and misery. The irony is also implied in her main point—that while advertising mythspromise us that alcohol will improve our lives, it is far more likely to have destructiveeffects.3. Do you think Dunayer’s essay about the myths of alcohol is one-sided, or is it balancedExplain. What additional points could be used to support her point or to rebut itAnswer:The essay is one-sided in the sense that Dunayer does not include opinions from people who disagree with her. Other points she might have used to support her argument include the widespread idea among young people that using alcohol makes them seem more adult. Rebuttals of Dunayer’s argument could include the ideas that many people use alcohol responsibly and that the problem is not with the product itself but with irresponsible people’s misuse of it.4. Advertisers often create myths or use false ideas to get people to buy their products. Besidesalcohol ads, what are some other examples of manipulative or deceptive advertising Do you think advertisers should be permitted to use such tactics to sell productsAnswer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and Support OutlineThesis: The media and our culture promote a false myth about alcohol.1. Part of the myth is that alcohol signals success; the reality is that alcohol can preventsuccess (3-4).2. Another part of the myth is that alcohol makes one sexually attractive; the reality is thatalcohol can make one less sexy (5-6).3. A third part of the myth is that alcohol combines well with athletics; the reality is thatalcohol slows people down and can lead to physical decline (7-8).4. The fourth part of the myth is that alcohol contributes to family happiness; the reality isthat alcohol can lead to great unhappiness.Suggested Answers for “College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening” byDavid DanielsNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 683-6841. c2. a3. c Answers a, b and d are all too narrow, as each covers only a single point of theselection.4. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.5. d Paragraphs 5 and 76. a Paragraph 107. a Paragraph 108. a Paragraph 9 and 109. True Paragraphs 11 through 1310. c Paragraph 13Structure and Technique, 6841. Daniels begins his essay with an anecdote about a former teacher of his. How does thisintroduction relate to his thesisAnswer:The anecdote is an extreme example of a college teacher who seemed unaware of whether his students were listening to him or not. The professor serves as a caricature of the type of teaching Daniels is criticizing.2. Does Daniels directly state his thesis If so, where is it statedAnswer:Daniels states his thesis at the end of paragraph 4: “The time is long overdue for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work.”3. In describing Mary’s classroom experience (paragraphs 5–7), Daniels provides numerousdetails. What are some of these details How do they relate to the essay’s main ideaAnswer:Some of the details provided include the huge class size, the lack of a roll call, the professor’s ancient notes, the lack of opportunity for student feedback, and the absence of quizzes. The details all contribute to the idea that lecture-heavy classes do a poor job of involving the student in the subject and stimulating his or her thinking.4. Daniels’s essay is an argument against the lecture system of education. Whatargumentation techniques does he employ (See pages 319–337 for information onargumentation.)Answer:Daniels uses four of the argumentation techniques explained in Chapter 16,“Argumentation,” pages 319–322:1) Point out common ground. Daniels points out common ground between him and schoolsthat support lectures. In paragraph 8, he admits that many schools supplement lectures with discussion groups and that some classes, such as first-year English, are relatively small.2) Acknowledge differing viewpoints. Daniels acknowledges (but does not support)viewpoints that differ from his. In paragraph 13, he states that administrators like lectures because they “can cram far more students into a lecture hall than into a discussion class.”He adds in the same paragraph that teachers and students find lectures easier becausestudents can sit back and be passive and teachers can “engage in intellectualexhibitionism.”3) Grant the merits of differing viewpoints when appropriate. Daniels grants the merits ofopposing views in paragraph 15, where he states that lectures are “economically necessary” and also because they “spring from a tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.”4) Rebut differing views. Daniels rebuts the support for lecture classes for first- and second-year students by stating the virtues of smaller classes, which are listed in paragraph 14:smaller classes force students to become more active, students’ listening skills improve,professors do a better job, and tests demand analysis and synthesis instead of “emptymemorization.” And while Daniels supports the tradition of lectures in paragraph 15, heimmediately argues against their use in the first two years of college.Critical Reading and Discussion,684-6851. Daniels states that “listening intelligently is hard work” (paragraph 9) and “Activelearning. . . is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn” (paragraph10). Why might Daniels feel that listening is so hard And why does he feel that activelearning is so goodAnswer:In paragraph 10, Daniels mentions that listening actively involves special techniques, including these two: “trying to anticipate the speaker’s next point” and “taking notesselectively.” We can assume that he feels it takes time and practice to learn such techniques.In discussing active learning in paragraph 10, Daniels mentions several types: writing essays, performing experiments, and having work evaluated by an instructor. He obviously feels that these types of active work involve students in ways they are not ready to be involved in as listeners.2. In paragraph 8, Daniels acknowledges that he has exaggerated Mary’s negative classroomexperience, saying,“I admit this picture is overdrawn.” Does this admission strengthen or weaken his argument Explain.Answer:The case could be made that the admission strengthens Daniels’ argument. Byadmitting that he is exaggerating slightly, Daniels can point out that many classes do have most if not all of the negative aspects of Mary’s class. It is also psychologically sound toadmit a shortcoming of one’s argument, as it helps establish the writer as a reasonableperson.3. According to Daniels, the lecture system harms professors by reducing feedback fromstudents to a minimum. What is useful about about feedback from studentsAnswer:If students’ comments indicate they don’t understand something, the teacher can then do something to help students improve their understanding. Students’ comments may also help teachers decide which activities and materials are effective and ineffective. Also, theknowledge that their view counts in class may motivate students to get involved with class work.4. How do your experiences in both lecture classes and smaller classes compare with Daniels’sdescriptions As a student, which type of class do you prefer Why If you were an instructor, which type of class would you prefer to teach WhyAnswer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: Colleges and universities should offer interactive, not lecture, classes to first- and second-year students (4, 15).1. The lecture system is outmoded (4).2. It is inadequate for students, especially less experienced students (5-11).3. It is harmful to educators (12).4. The lecture system continues because administrators like its profitability and teachers andstudents find it easier (13).5. Small, interactive classes benefit both students and teachers (14).。

第一章测试1【判断题】(5分) Peopledoresearchinordertohaveabetterunderstandingofourworld.A.对B.错2【判断题】(5分)Wedon’tneedtobecreativeinresearchasanyresearchisbasedonevidences.A.错B.对3【判断题】(5分)Goodresearchquestionsareimportantinresearch.A.错B.对4【判断题】(5分) Literaturereviewisneededinsomeresearchpapers.A.对B.错5【判断题】(5分) Agoodresearchpaperneedscarefulrevisingandproofreading.A.错B.对6【判断题】(5分) Unintentionalplagiarismcanbeexcusedasitisnotcommitteddeliberately.A.对B.错7【判断题】(5分) Academicfalsificationisonecommontypeofacademicdishonesty.A.对B.错8【多选题】(5分) Whatroledoesaliteraturereviewplayinaresearchpaper?A.Itenhancesthecredibilityofyourpaper.B.Itprovestheexistenceofaresearchgap.C.Itsynthesizestheexistingstudiesinyourarea.D.Itprovidesevidencesforyourargument.9【单选题】(5分) WhichofthefollowingisNOTanessentialstepinaresearchpaperwriting?A.ChoosingatopicB.ConsultinginstructorsC.LocatingsourcesD.OutliningthePaper10【多选题】(5分) Whichofthefollowingmayleadtoacademicdishonesty?A.AcademicplagiarismB.AcademicpromotionC.AcademicinterestD.Academicfabrication第二章测试1【多选题】(5分)Inchoosingaresearchtopic,whichofthefollowingdoweneedtoconsider?A.PublicationpossibilitiesB.AcademicimportanceC.OurresearchinterestD.Ourmanageability2【判断题】(5分)Tocheckthevalidityofaresearchtopic,weneedtobecriticalenough.A.对B.错3【判断题】(5分) Itisanactofplagiarismifonesimplyparaphrasesabookforaresearchpaper.A.对B.错4【判断题】(5分) StudentsshouldbebraveenoughtotrychallengingissuesfortheirBAtheses.A.对B.错5【判断题】(5分) Carefulreadingofliterarytextisimportantinliterarystudies.A.对B.错6【判断题】(5分) Literarytheoriestakepriorityoverliterarytextsinliteraryanalysis.A.错B.对7【判断题】(5分) ICstudycanbechallengingbutinterestingandpracticalinlife.A.错B.对8【判断题】(5分) Expertssharesimilarunderstandingsoverthestandardsoftranslation.A.错B.对9【判断题】(5分) Translationstrategiesandtranslationtechniquesaredifferentconceptsintranslation.A.对B.错10【判断题】(5分) Sociolinguisticsisoneofthebranchesofappliedlinguistics.A.对B.错第三章测试1【判断题】(5分) Aworkingbibliographyincludesthesourceswehavesofarcollectedforaresearchproject.A.对B.错2【判断题】(5分) Knowingwhatsourcesyouneedisofvitalimportanceinevaluatingyoursources.A.错B.对3【判断题】(5分) Sourcesfromleadingscholarscanbeveryusefultoyourresearch.A.错B.对4【判断题】(5分)Inreadingsources,weneedtobecriticalandformourpersonalresponses.A.对B.错5【判断题】(5分) Theplanforanempiricalresearchshouldcoveritspurpose,method,subjects,andprocedure.A.错B.对6【判断题】(5分) Itiswisefortheobservernottotakepartintheactivityobservedatalltime.A.错B.对7【多选题】(5分)InBooleanLogic,ifonewantstosearchonlyforsourcesrelevantwithcomputervirus,thesearchformul ashouldbe_______.A.computernotvirusB.computernearvirusC.computerorvirusD.computerandvirus8【多选题】(5分) Theannotationofasourceinanannotatedbibliographymayhaveyour____:A.reflectionofthesourceB.adaptationofthesourceC.summaryofthesourceD.assessmentofthesource9【单选题】(5分)Inaquestionnaireentitled“ASurveyontheThirdYearEnglishMajors’EnglishVocabularyinXXUniv ersity”,the“thethirdyearEnglishmajors”shouldbe：A.ThetimeofthesurveyB.ThesubjectofthesurveyC.ThecontentofthesurveyD.Themodeofthesurvey10【单选题】(5分)Inanexperimententitled“AStudyontheEffectsofWriting-after-ReadingActivityonEnglishMajors EnglishVocabulary”,students’languageproficiencyshouldbe:A.IrrelevantvariableB.dependentvariableC.Independentvariable第四章测试1【判断题】(5分)Aresearchproposalshouldbepersuasiveinnature.A.错B.对2【判断题】(5分) Wecanaskforsuggestionsfromtheexpertsforourresearchinourproposal.A.错B.对3【判断题】(5分) Weneedtoputforwardourresearchquestionsinourresearchproposals.A.错B.对4【判断题】(5分) Aresearchproposaldemonstratesthesignificanceofourproposedresearch.A.错B.对5【判断题】(5分) Theliteraturereviewsectioninaproposalprovestheexistenceofaresearchgap.A.对B.错6【判断题】(5分)The“ApplicationoftheResearch”tellshowyourresearchwillbenefitinpractice.A.对B.错7【判断题】(5分)A“PreliminaryBibliography”isalistofthesourcesyouhavecitedinyourproposal.A.错B.对8【判断题】(5分) Thesignificanceofyourresearchemphasizespossibleresearchcontributions.A.对B.错9【判断题】(5分)Simpleasitis,aBAthesisproposalincludesalltheelementsinagrantresearchproposal.A.错B.对10【多选题】(5分)WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthree-moveschemeoftheproposalsummary?A.researchneedB.potentialcontributionsC.possiblelimitationsD.researchmethod第五章测试1【判断题】(5分) Theuseofsignalphrasesincitationcanenhancethefluencyofwriting.A.对B.错2【判断题】(5分) Theintegrationofthesourcesmustfitourwritinginstructureandgrammar.A.错B.对3【判断题】(5分) Researchlimitationisacompulsoryelementinallresearchpapers.A.错B.对4【判断题】(5分) CARSModelisapatternforintroductionwritinginresearchpapers.A.对B.错5【判断题】(5分)Inrevising,weneedtofocusontheerrorslikegrammarandspelling.A.错B.对6【判断题】(5分) Aliteraturereviewmainlypresentsasummaryofeachsourceinchronologicalorder.A.错B.对7【单选题】(5分) Characteristicsofacademicwritingincludesallthefollowingexcept________.A.thefirst-personviewB.aformaltoneC.aclearfocusD.precisewordchoice8【单选题】(5分) Itisessentialtoalwaysacknowledgethesourceofborrowedideasinyourpaper.Todootherwiseisconsi dered_________.A.IgnoranceB.CarelessnessC.Plagiarism9【单选题】(5分)Whichofthefollowingarefeaturesofagoodtitle?A.ClearB.AlloftheaboveC.Attractive.D.Direct10【单选题】(5分)Abstractscanbedividedintotwotypes accordingto their_________.A.functionsB.length第六章测试1【判断题】(5分)MLAin-textcitationrequiresthattheauthorinformationshouldbeputeitherinthetextofthepaperorint heparentheticalcitation.A.错B.对2【判断题】(5分)InMLAdocumentation,parentheticalcitationinthetextofthepapermustalwaysincludetheauthor’sn ameandthework’stitle.A.错B.对3【判断题】(5分)MLAworkscitedlistisorganizedalphabeticallybytheauthor’slastnames(orbytitleforaworkwithnoa uthor).A.错B.对4【判断题】(5分)Whenawork’sauthorisunknown,theworkislistedunder“Anonymous”inthelistofMLAworkscited.A.错B.对5【单选题】(5分)Lee(2007)stated,“Theabilitytothinkcriticallyisneededinthisrevolutionaryageoftechnologicalcha nge”(p.82).Thein-textcitationusedhereis__________.A.integratedB.non-integrated6【多选题】(5分)WhatarethefunctionsofAPAdocumentation?A.Tociteothers’ideasandinformationusedwithinyourpaperB.TodemonstratethetypeofresearchconductedC.ToindicatethesourcesintheReferenceslist7【单选题】(5分)Writethelistofworkscited,usingtheAPAformat.Aparaphraseofanideafrompage121ofWritingSpace:TheComputer;Hypertext,andtheHistoryofWr iting,byJayDavidBolter.This1991bookwaspublishedbyLawrenceErlbaumAssociatesofHillsdale, NewJersey.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectfortheauthor’sname?A.Bolter,J.DB.J.D.BolterC.Jay,D.BolterD.Bolter,JayDavid【单选题】(5分)Writethelistofworkscited,usingtheAPAformat.Aquotationfrompage78ofanarticlebyBartKoskoandSatornIsakafromtheJuly1993issueofScientifi cAmerican,amonthlypublication.Thearticleisentitled"FuzzyLogic"andappearsonpages76to81in volume239,ofthejournal. Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectformatforthevolumeandpagernumber?A.ScientificAmerican,239,78B.ScientificAmerican,239,76-81C.ScientificAmerican,239:76-81D.ScientificAmerican,239,76-81.9【多选题】(5分)Bohren,M.A.,G.J.Hofmeyr,C.Sakala,R.K.Fukuzawa,andA.Cuthbert.(2017).Continuoussupportf orwomenduringchildbirth.CochraneDatabaseofSystematicReviews,2017(7).https:///10.1 002/14651858.CD003766.pub6Errorsmadeinthisentryinclude_________.A.authors’namesB.issuenumberC.theword“and”D.doinumber10【单选题】(5分)Perrey,S.(2017).Doweperformbetterwhenweincreaseredbloodcells?TheLancetHaematology,17, 2352-3026.https:///10.1016/S2352-3026(17)30123-0.RetrievedAugust23,2018.Whatinfo rmationisNOTneededinthisentry?A.ThedateofretrievalB.ThepagerangeC.Thedoinumber。

Suggested Answers for “The Yellow Ribbon”—by Pete Hamill (P. 210)1.Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted himback.2. b3. a4. B5.Two examples: Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with greathesitation.Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.”6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity aboutbeing in jail.He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.7. Place names: Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th StreetOther transition: Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick8.But if she didn’t...9.Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about her traveling experience.10.The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedly when they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home nervously.We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when he walks into his home.The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely.P.256--Taming the Anger Monster: by Anne Davidson1. d2. Anger has become an increasingly common problem in our society.3. “According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, the keys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience.”4. Effect: An epidemic of anger Three causes: Lack of time, technology, tension6. B7.8. To begin with Technology is also Tension, the third major culprit9.D10.The first paragraph presents a story about a person with anger problems. The last paragraph shows how that story was successfully resolved.P289.--Born to Be Different?: by Camille Lewisc 2. a 3. D4. She lists a series of examples where the “empathizing” mindset is evident: female-dominated careers, female reading matter, and female relationships5. Brain anatomyWays of interacting with the worldWays of problem solving6. Lewis presents her essay point by point. The first point is about brain anatomy, thesecond is about interacting with the world, and the third is about problem solving. For each point, she discusses women and then men.7.8. On the other hand (7)In contrast (9)But (11)9.d 10 aP.508--Suggested Answers for “Shame”—Dick Gregory (P.508)Note: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions, 584-5851. A2. D3. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.4. a Answers b, c, and d are too narrow.5. c See Paragraph 66. True See Paragraph 237. a See Paragraph 58. B. The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund shows Richard’s pride9. b Richard’s teacher ignores his problems and humiliates him in front ofthe entire class; see paragraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Richard’s humiliation; see paragraph 23.Structure and Technique, 5851. In paragraphs 1 and 2, Gregory mentions several steps he took to impress HeleneTucker. What were they? Why does he include them in his essay?Answer:In order to impress Helene, Gregory brushed his hair, got a handkerchief, washed his socks and shirt every night, shoveled the snow off her walk, tried to make friends with her mother and aunts, and left money on her stoop. He describes those steps in detail because, besides demonstrating his devotion to Helene, they give a clear picture of Gregory’s poverty.2. A metaphor is a suggested comparison. What metaphor does Gregory use in paragraph5, and what is its purpose? What metaphor does he use in the second sentence of paragraph 7, and what does it mean?Answer:In paragraph 5, Gregory uses the metaphor that he was pregnant to suggest the effects of poverty on him—it gave him strange tastes, which pregnant people get. It also filled him (as pregnancy fills someone), but with negative things: poverty, dirt, “smells that made people turn away,” and so on.In the second sentence of paragraph 7, Gregory uses the metaphor of a flying eagle to represent the movement of money. (A picture of an eagle is engraved on one side of a quarter).3. In narrating the incidents in the classroom and in the restaurant, Gregorychooses to provide actual dialogue rather than merely to tell what happened.Why?Answer:By using the exact words spoken by Helene, the teacher, and himself, Gregory gives a very clear picture of what happened by allowing the reader to “experience” it, rather than simply hear a general summary. The dialogue between Helene and the teacher shows Helene as an ideal little student who received approval from the teacher. The dialogue between Gregory and the teacher, however, clearly demonstrates Gregory’s eagerness to impress Helene and his unsuccessful, embarrassing attempt to gain the teacher’s approval. If Gregoryhad merely described what had happened, we would have a much less vivid impression of the characters involved.4. At the end of the essay, Gregory shifts his focus from the classroom to the sceneinvolving the wino at the restaurant. What is the connection between this closing scene and the rest of the essay?Answer:In the body of the essay, Gregory is narrating a time that he was shamed publicly and no one came to his defense. In the closing scene, Gregory realizes that he has done the same thing—that he, too, has witnessed a person being shamed without assisting him. He feels a new kind of “shame,” that of having failed to help another man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion,5861. When Gregory writes, “I never learned hate at home, or shame. I had to go toschool for that” (paragraph 1), he is using irony—an inconsistency between what is expected and what actually occurs. What does he mean by these two statements? What is the effect of his irony?Answer:Gregory means that although his home life was one of poverty and want, his home was not a place of inhumane values, such as hatred and shame. But at school, which on its surface was a more positive place, he was made to feel hatred and shame. The ironic statement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want to know more about what Gregory means.2. What are Gregory’s feelings about his teacher? What were your feelings about heras you read this essay? What could the teacher have done or said that would not have made Gregory feel ashamed?Answer:Gregory seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand why he misbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker.But he also wanted her approval badly, as seen by the Community Chest incident and the fact that he got a “big thrill” out of being chosen to clean the blackboard. Students’ suggestions about the teacher will vary. One possibility: She could have merely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privately later if she doubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3. Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame. What other important lessons does Gregory learn in this essay? Explain.Answer:From paragraph 3, in which Gregory talks about his accomplishments later in life, we can conclude that he learned he could boost his self-esteem through his own efforts. Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences, he learnedthat children who are hungry and poor may feel invisible and so behave in ways that attract attention. From his experience with the wino, he learned that in order to feel good about himself, he would have to start standing up for other people who were shamed.4. At the end of his essay, Gregory says, “I waited too long to help another man.”Why do you think he waited so long to assist the wino? What are some reasons people do not always help others who are in need (for example, ignoring a homeless person seated on the sidewalk)?Answer:Gregory probably had many reasons for not helping the wino sooner: embarrassment at drawing attention to himself, reluctance to part with his hard-earned money, not wanting to get in trouble with Mr. Williams, not knowing the wino and thus feeling the affair wasn’t his business, etc. People have similar reasons for not helping others in need. In addition, people who ignorea homeless man may feel that the man’s problems—maybe including substance abuseor mental illness—are so big and deep-rooted that they are not qualified to help him in any effective way.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: Living poor was, for the author, a humiliating experience.1. He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and, worse, in front of HeleneTucker (7-23).2. Everybody knew he was a “worthy boy” who had no Dad and no money (28).3. His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man, the wino (29-37).P.567 Suggested Answers for “Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising” by Ann McClintockNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection. Reading Comprehension Questions,648-6491. b2. d3. b Answer a is too broad; answers c and d are too narrow.4. c Answers a and b are too narrow; answer d is too broad.5. b Paragraph 96. d Paragraphs 18-197. c Paragraph 168. c Paragraph 239. b10. aStructure and Technique, 649-6501. In paragraph 1, McClintock’s choice of words reveals her attitudes toward bothpropagandists and the public. What specific words reveal her attitudes, and what attitudes do they represent?Answer:McClintock describes propagandists as “seducers” and “brainwashers.”She refers to their “alluring images,” their “tricks,” and their “charm.”She describes the public as “content” and “eager . . . victims.” Her choice of words makes it clear that she thinks propagandists are untrustworthy and interested in taking unfair advantage of a too-trusting public.2. What key term does McClintock define in paragraph 2? Why does she define ithere? Where else in the essay does she use the technique of definition?Answer:She defines the term “propaganda.” She places the definition close to the beginning because it is so essential to the reader’s understanding of the rest of her essay. Other points at which McClintock uses definition are in paragraphs 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 21. In each of those paragraphs, she definesa particular propaganda technique.3. McClintock uses parentheses in two lists, the ones in paragraphs 7 and 19. Whatpurpose do these parentheses serve?Answer:Paragraph 7 lists “high-sounding but basically empty phrases.” The author uses parentheses to add comments that reveal the emptiness of those listed phrases. Paragraph 19 lists claims that include “weasel words.” The author uses parentheses to show just how insubstantial those weasel words are.4 . McClintock provides abundant examples throughout her essay. Why does she provideso many examples? What does she accomplish with this technique?Answer:McClintock’s many examples, drawn from the television and print ads we all see every day, clarify her definitions and demonstrate that propaganda techniques are truly a factor in everyday life. The examples make the reader more aware of the effects of propaganda on decisions he or she makes. Critical Reading and Discussion,6501. Some of the propaganda techniques listed in the selection have contrastingappeals. How do name-calling and glittering generalities contrast with each other? Testimonials and plain folks?Answer:Name-calling appeals to the instincts of fear, anger, and mistrust.Name-calling propaganda encourages the public to reject something or someone.Glittering generalities, on the other hand, appeal to the public’s positiveemotions: love, attraction, patriotism. The public is asked to accept the thingor person advertised by associating it with those emotions.Testimonials depend on the public’s interest in or affection for celebrities—people ordinary viewers don’t know but admire and see as bigger and moreimportant than themselves. By contrast, plain folks advertising is based on theidea that the public likes to see ordinary people—people like themselves—in the products and services they buy.2. Why are ads that use the bandwagon approach so effective? What ads have youseen recently that use that approach?Answer:The bandwagon technique is effective because of the human need to be partof a group. We feel safe and secure when we are surrounded by people who agreewith us about something—even something as trivial as what frozen coffee cakeis best (“Nobody doesn’t like Sara Lee”). Answers to the second question willvary.3. The author states, “Americans, adults and children alike, are being seduced.”What might be the differences between the ways adults and children react to theseductions of advertising?Answer:Answers will vary.4. McClintock states, “We are victims, seemingly content—even eager—to bevictimized” (paragraph 1). Do you agree? Is this article likely to change howyou view ads in the future? Why or why not?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: People should detect and understand common propaganda techniques, which appealto the emotions rather than to logic.1. We are bombarded with ads, which present biased messages through variouspropaganda techniques, including seven common ones (1-4).2. Name calling—referring to a competitor with negatively charged names orcomments (5).3. Glittering generalities—making important-sounding general claims with noexplanation (6-8).4. Transfer—associating something with a symbol or image most people respect andadmire (9-11).5. Testimonial—promoting something with the support of a celebrity (12-15).6. Plain folks—associating something with the average person (16-17).7. Card stacking—making something sound good by suppressing relevant evidenceor making an unfinished claim (18-19).8. Bandwagon—appealing to people’s desire to do what many others are doing(20-21).9. Use critical thinking to avoid reacting emotionally to ads (22-23).P.592 Suggested Answers for “Here’s to Your Health”—Joan DunayerNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection. Reading Comprehension Questions,667-6681. c2. c3. d Answers a, b, and c are too narrow.4. c Answer a is too narrow; answer b is too broad; answer d, neverdirectly stated in the article, is too narrow.5. b Paragraph 66. False Paragraph 47. True Paragraph 88. a9. False Paragraphs 6 and 810. d Paragraphs 4 and 8Structure and Technique,668-6691. What method of introduction does Dunayer use? What effect do you think she hopedto achieve with this introduction?Answer:She uses an anecdote. By telling a brief story about Tod’s experience, she puts a human face on the larger idea that alcohol abuse is linked to societal pressure. It also sets the tone for Dunayer’s thesis by showing the potential danger of even small amounts of alcohol.2. Dunayer introduces her criticism of alcohol with the words “Part of the mythis . . . .” (See the first sentence of paragraph 3.) What addition transitions does she use to introduce each of the three other parts of the myth (in the first sentences of paragraphs 5, 7, and 9)? What is gained by the use of these transitions?Answer:The three addition transitions are “another,”“also,” and “finally.”Each transition makes the reader aware that one element of the myth is being introduced.3. The body of Dunayer’s essay is made up of four pairs of paragraphs (paragraphs3 and 4; 5 and 6; 7 and 8; 9 and 10). What is the relationship between theparagraphs in each pair? In which of the two paragraphs does Dunayer present her own perspective? Why do you think she puts her own perspective in that paragraph?Answer:In the first paragraph of each pair, Dunayer presents one part of the alcohol myth. She begins each second paragraph with a topic sentence that represents her perspective. She then goes on to support her topic sentence witha series of facts. For example, below is the topic sentence of paragraph 4; itrepresents her perspective, which contradicts what the ad in paragraph 3 suggests about whiskey.Contrary to what the liquor company would have us believe, drinking ismore closely related to lack of success than to achievements.She then follows that sentence with supporting facts.By presenting her perspective after describing each part of the myth, Dunayer makes her points more dramatically: She sets up an appealing image in the first paragraph of each pair only to knock it down with force in the second one.4. In her essay, Dunayer provides vivid descriptions of alcohol advertisements,particularly in paragraphs 3 and 5. What vivid details does she provide? How do these details support her main point?Answer:In paragraph 3 she describes in detail the print ad showing two prosperous-looking businessmen in a restaurant, surrounded by fine crystal, velvet draperies, and spotless linen. In paragraph 5, she provides details abouta beach scene: a young, beautiful, sexy woman; a young muscular man enticingher with a cold beer. By providing such detailed descriptions, Dunayer makes the reader very aware of the advertiser’s premise (alcohol will make you successful; alcohol will make you sexually attractive) behind such ads. Critical Reading and Discussion,6691. Dunayer presents and then rebuts four “myths” about alcohol. What are thesefour myths? According to Dunayer, what is the reality behind each myth?Answer:(1) Alcohol will make you professionally successful. In fact, says Dunayer, alcohol is frequently tied to low achievement and poverty. (2) Alcohol will make you sexually attractive. Dunayer says that alcohol actually lowers one’s hormones and can lead to impotence and infertility. (3) Alcohol and sportsmix well. Dunayer points out that alcohol slows the reflexes, interferes with the eyes’ ability to focus, and increases the likelihood of various serious diseases. (4) Alcohol brings families closer together. In fact, Dunayer writes, alcohol is frequently involved in domestic violence, suicide, and birth defects. 2. Dunayer concludes, “‘Here’s to your health’ rings with a terrible irony whenit is accompanied by the clink of liquor glasses” (paragraph 11). What is the “terrible irony” she refers to? How does this irony—already signaled in her essay’s title—relate to her main point?Answer:The irony is that alcohol, rather than promoting one’s health, is often tied to illness and misery. The irony is also implied in her main point—that while advertising myths promise us that alcohol will improve our lives, it is far more likely to have destructive effects.3. Do you think Dunayer’s essay about the myths of alcohol is one-sided, or isit balanced? Explain. What additional points could be used to support her point or to rebut it?Answer:The essay is one-sided in the sense that Dunayer does not include opinions from people who disagree with her. Other points she might have used to support her argument include the widespread idea among young people that using alcohol makes them seem more adult. Rebuttals of Dunayer’s argument could include the ideas that many people use alcohol responsibly and that the problem is not with the product itself but with irresponsible people’s misuse of it.4. Advertisers often create myths or use false ideas to get people to buy theirproducts. Besides alcohol ads, what are some other examples of manipulative or deceptive advertising? Do you think advertisers should be permitted to use such tactics to sell products?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and Support OutlineThesis: The media and our culture promote a false myth about alcohol.1. Part of the myth is that alcohol signals success; the reality is that alcoholcan prevent success (3-4).2. Another part of the myth is that alcohol makes one sexually attractive; thereality is that alcohol can make one less sexy (5-6).3. A third part of the myth is that alcohol combines well with athletics; thereality is that alcohol slows people down and can lead to physicaldecline (7-8).4. The fourth part of the myth is that alcohol contributes to family happiness;the reality is that alcohol can lead to great unhappiness.P.607 Suggested Answers for “College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening?” by David DanielsNote: The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection. Reading Comprehension Questions, 683-6841. c2. a3. c Answers a, b and d are all too narrow, as each covers only asingle point of the selection.4. b Answers a, c, and d are too narrow.5. d Paragraphs 5 and 76. a Paragraph 107. a Paragraph 108. a Paragraph 9 and 109. True Paragraphs 11 through 1310. c Paragraph 13Structure and Technique, 6841. Daniels begins his essay with an anecdote about a former teacher of his. Howdoes this introduction relate to his thesis?Answer:The anecdote is an extreme example of a college teacher who seemed unaware of whether his students were listening to him or not. The professor serves asa caricature of the type of teaching Daniels is criticizing.2. Does Daniels directly state his thesis? If so, where is it stated?Answer:Daniels states his thesis at the end of paragraph 4: “The time is long overdue for us to abandon the lecture system and turn to methods that really work.”3. In describing Mary’s classroom experience (paragraphs 5–7), Daniels providesnumerous details. What are some of these details? How do they relate to the essay’s main idea?Answer:Some of the details provided include the huge class size, the lack ofa roll call, the professor’s ancient notes, the lack of opportunity for studentfeedback, and the absence of quizzes. The details all contribute to the idea that lecture-heavy classes do a poor job of involving the student in the subject and stimulating his or her thinking.4. Daniels’s essay is an argument against the lecture system of education. Whatargumentation techniques does he employ? (See pages 319–337 for information on argumentation.)Answer:Daniels uses four of the argumentation techniques explained in Chapter 16, “Argumentation,” pages 319–322:1) Point out common ground. Daniels points out common ground between him andschools that support lectures. In paragraph 8, he admits that many schools supplement lectures with discussion groups and that some classes, such as first-year English, are relatively small.2) Acknowledge differing viewpoints. Daniels acknowledges (but does not support)viewpoints that differ from his. In paragraph 13, he states that administrators like lectures because they “can cram far more students into a lecture hall than into a discussion class.” He adds in the same paragraph that teachers and students find lectures easier because students can sit back and be passive and teachers can “engage in intellectual exhibitionism.”3) Grant the merits of differing viewpoints when appropriate. Daniels grants themerits of opposing views in paragraph 15, where he states that lectures are “economically necessary” and also because they “spring from a tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.”4) Rebut differing views. Daniels rebuts the support for lecture classes forfirst- and second-year students by stating the virtues of smaller classes, which are listed in paragraph 14: smaller classes force students to become more active, students’ listening skills improve, professors do a better job, and tests demand analysis and synthesis instead of “empty memorization.” And while Daniels supports the tradition of lectures in paragraph 15, he immediately argues against their use in the first two years of college.Critical Reading and Discussion,684-6851. Daniels states that “listening intelligently is hard work” (paragraph 9) and“Active learning. . . is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn” (paragraph 10). Why might Daniels feel that listening is so hard? And why does he feel that active learning is so good?Answer:In paragraph 10, Daniels mentions that listening actively involves special techniques, including these two: “trying to anticipate the speaker’s next point”and “taking notes selectively.” We can assume that he feels it takes time andpractice to learn such techniques. In discussing active learning in paragraph 10, Daniels mentions several types: writing essays, performing experiments, and having work evaluated by an instructor. He obviously feels that these types of active work involve students in ways they are not ready to be involved in as listeners.2. In paragraph 8, Daniels acknowledges that he has exaggerated Mary’s negativeclassroom experience, saying,“I admit this picture is overdrawn.” Does this admission strengthen or weaken his argument? Explain.Answer:The case could be made that the admission strengthens Daniels’ argument.By admitting that he is exaggerating slightly, Daniels can point out that many classes do have most if not all of the negative aspects of Mary’s class. It is also psychologically sound to admit a shortcoming of one’s argument, as it helps establish the writer as a reasonable person.3. According to Daniels, the lecture system harms professors by reducing feedbackfrom students to a minimum. What is useful about about feedback from students?Answer:If students’ comments indicate they don’t understand something, the teacher can then do something to help students improve their understanding.Students’ comments may also help teachers decide which activities and materials are effective and ineffective. Also, the knowledge that their view counts in class may motivate students to get involved with class work.4. How do your experiences in both lecture classes and smaller classes compare withDaniels’s descriptions? As a student, which type of class do you prefer? Why?If you were an instructor, which type of class would you prefer to teach? Why?Answer:Answers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis: Colleges and universities should offer interactive, not lecture, classes to first- and second-year students (4, 15).1. The lecture system is outmoded (4).2. It is inadequate for students, especially less experienced students (5-11).3. It is harmful to educators (12).4. The lecture system continues because administrators like its profitabilityand teachers and students find it easier (13).5. Small, interactive classes benefit both students and teachers (14).。

P42–45Activity 1 (Outlining), 1. Thesis:My high school had three problem areas.a. Students(1) Involved with drugs(2) Formed cliquesb. Teachers(1) Unwilling to help after class(2) Much too strictc. Buildings(1) Leaky ceilings(2) Ill-equipped gym2. Thesis:Working as a dishwasher in a restaurant was my worst job.a. Working conditions(1) Heat in kitchen(2) Noisy work areab. Hours(1) Ten-hour shifts(2) Hours changed every weekc. Pay(1) Minimum wage(2) No bonus for overtime3. Thesis: Joining an aerobics class has many benefits.a. Social benefits(1) Make new friends(2) Meet interesting instructorsb. Mental benefits(1) Reduces mental stress(2) Improves self-imagec. Physical benefits(1) Strengthens heart(2) Tones muscles4. Thesis: My favorite times in school were the days before holiday vacations.a. Lighter workload(1) Less work in class(2) Less homeworkb. Friendlier atmosphere(1) Teachers more relaxed(2) Students happy about vacationc. Special events(1) Pep rallies(2) Holiday concertsP102 Activity (Use Parallelism),Answers may vary slightly.1. The novelty store sells hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and fake insects.2. Many people share the same three great fears: being in high places, workingwith numbers, and making speeches.3. To decide on a career, people should think closely about their interests, hobbies,and skills.4. At the body shop, the car was sanded down to the bare metal, painted withprimer, and sprayed with red enamel.5. In order to become a dancer, Lola is taking lessons, working in amateur shows,and auditioning for professional companies.6. Juan’s last job offered security; his new job offers a better chance foradvancement.7. People in today’s world often try to avoid silence, whether on the job, in school,or at home.8. Because the dying woman was dignified and courageous, she won everyone’srespect.9. The politician trusted no one, rewarded loyalty, and depended only on his owninstincts.10.If we’re not careful, we’ll leave the next generation polluted air, contaminatedwater, and dying forests.P116Activity (Revise by Adding a Dependent Thought),Answers may vary.1. Because I had forgotten to lock the front door, I . . .2. When the bear turned over the rotten log, fat . . .3. After Kevin had sent away for a set of tools, he . . .4. Because some people are allergic to wool, they . . .5. Even though an older woman in my typing class can type almost one hundredwords a minute, she . . .P117 Activity (Revise by Beginning with a Special Opening Word or Phrase),1. Reluctantly, Shirley signed the repair contract.2. To improve their chances of promotion, the interns volunteered to workovertime.3. During the trial, the accused murderer grinned at the witnesses.4. Crowded with nervous pets, the vet’s office was noisy and confusing.5. Trying to find something worth watching, Barry flipped from channel tochannel.P119 Activity (Revise by Placing Adjectives or Verbs in a Series), 117–118 Answers may vary.1. The baby toddled across the rug, picked up a button, and put the button in hismouth.2. Brown, foul-tasting water dribbled out of the rusty metal tap.3. By 6 A.M., I had read the textbook chapter, taken notes on it, studied the notes,and drunk eight cups of coffee.4. The exterminator approached the large, papery wasps’ nests hanging under theold wooden eaves.5. Slim brown reeds bordered the stagnant green pond.P123 Review Test 1 (Using Parallelism),1. filled with suspense suspenseful 6. selling toys toy salesperson2. furniture for the office 7. food on the table putting food on the tableoffice furniture 8. to cram cramming3. my kitchen working in my kitchen 9. bags are put on them bagged (or:put into bags)4. preparing to prepare 10. with friendliness as well and his friendliness5. being kind kindnessP124 Review Test 2 (Using Parallelism),1. to buy buying 6. were whispering whispered2. shows on science science shows 7. to start starting3. porch furniture that was rotted 8. pay that is good good payrotting porch furniture 9. was putting put4. her shirt was torn a torn shirt 10. losing lost5. takingtake (or:climbing . . . taking)P148–150 Activity (Revising an Essay for Unity),―Playing on the Browns‖—Irrelevant sentences: 15, 24, 28―How to Con an Instructor‖—Irrelevant sentences: 11, 19, 24, 33Activity (Evaluating Essays for Support), 156–158―Formula for Happiness‖—Supporting details needed after sentences 7, 13, 16, 20, 21 ―Problems of a Foreign Student‖—Supporting details needed after sentences 12, 17, 24P152–155 Activity (Revising Essays for Coherence),―Noise Pollution‖1. sentence 6 5. sentence 192. canned music 6. rubble3. sentence 12 7. six times4. sentence 18 8. 4, 2, 3―Weight Loss‖1. sentence 8 5. sentence 162. sentence 9 6. fat3. sentence 12 7. four times4. my best friend’s family 8. 3。

Reference Keys to Exercises该答案适用于：《英语论文写作教程》操时尧柯军编著湖北科学技术出版社2013.5Chapter 1 General IntroductionI. Complete the blanks in the first two paragraphs with the correct forms of the given words, and work out the topic sentences for the next two paragraphs.Para 1: combination; Primary; firsthand; investigation; sources; Secondary; examples;Para 2: depend; productively; constitute; assimilating; persuasivelyPara 3: (of writing a research paper) will surely be beneficial to your future life whatever job you will take. OR: are not just academic skills, but also life skills in almost all professions.Para 4: increases your knowledge and understanding of a subject.II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1) 相比之下，一手研究（又称原创研究--- 黄国文；或实证研究--- 文秋芳）不同于二手研究（又称文献研究），它取源于第一手数据，如一组学习语言的学生；而文献研究则取源于第二手资料，如关于语言学习者的书籍。

P 14A.1. Whenever I go out these days I always take my raincoat.2. When they were on holiday, someone broke out into their house and stole some valuable paintings.3. Having fought for three hours, the firemen finally managed to put out the fire.4. We all have some faults, since nobody in this world is quite perfect.5. The train to Shanghai leaves at 21:35.6. Though it began to rain, the children went on playing outdoors.7. He was able to finish all his exercises before the class was over in spit or the interruption.8. Strangely, he avoided mentioning her name.B.1. One of her greatest joys in life is eating desserts, such as pudding, cake and ice cream.2. Because he had drunk too much, he had to leave the party early. His stomach was like a volcano that was ready to erupt.3. While sitting in the office, she realized she had lost her valuable ring. But she happily found it in the women’s room after work.4. My favorite teacher, our volleyball coach, who is a native of Indian, is moving to another city next year.5. After sitting for a long time in his office, I was asked by the doctor finally into the examining room.6. Wedging his way out of the dining hall, he discovered a terrible hall beyond imagination.7. The spreading of educational and cultural norm may affect the attitudes and sense of a nation.8. Nearly everyone knows the truth after our leader mentioned it at the conference.C.1. In 1934, an eight-minute Mickey Mouse movie was produced, so Walt Disney became a star.2. The worst time to be in the street in Cairo was after the midnight when the night-clubs were closing and everybody went home.3. When there was a power cut in the hospital, the surgeon had to cancel the operation because it was very dangerous to operate in dim light.4. George is an amicable person, who gets on well with everyone in the company.5. When Tom wanted to come back home, the telephone in the office began to ring.6. The energy radiated by sun goes into every direction, but only a small part of falls on the earth.7. When I slid my aching bones into the hot tub water, I realized that there was no soap, but I did not want to get out again.8. Because Bob’s furniture store, where I worked as a shop assistant, just went out of business, I have to look for another job.9. Since you are sent damaged goods, the store must replace the items and issue a full refund.10. I’m not going to eat in the school cafeteria any more because of the unbearable service, high price and monotonous food.。