高中词形与词性变化总结
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高考英语词形词性变化(一)1.able adj.能→ ability n.能力2.across prep.横过→cross v.横过3.act v.表演|行动→action n.行动→active adj.积极的→activity n.活动4.advantage n.优点→disadvantage 反义词5.advice n.建议→advise v.建议6.agree v→disagree 反义词agreement n.同意→disagreement 反义词7.air n.空气→airline n.航空公司→airplane n.飞机→airport n.机场8.aloud adv.大声地→loud adj.大声的9.America n.美国→American(s) n.美国人10.angry adj.生气的→angrily adv.生气地11.appear v.出现→disappear v.消失12.art n.艺术→artist(s) n.艺术家 n.亚洲→Asian n.亚洲人14.asleep adj.睡着的→sleep v.睡觉15.Australia n.澳大利亚→Australian n.澳大利亚人(二)1.bad adj.坏的→worse 比较级→worst 最高级2.base n.基础→basic adj.基本的3.beauty n.美人→beautiful adj.美丽的4.behave v.行为→behavior n.行为5.beside prep.在…旁边→besides prep.除…外(还)6.birth n.出生→born 过去式→birthday n.生日7.bored adj.无聊的→boring adj.乏味的8.breath n.呼吸→breathe v.呼吸9.bright adj.明亮的→brightly adv.明亮地10.busy adj.忙碌的→business n.生意11.buy v.买→bought 过去式→bought过去分词(三)1.care v.关心→careful adj.小心的→careless adj.粗心的2.chair n.椅子→chairman n.主席3.chemistry n.化学→chemical adj.化学的4.choose v.选择→choice n.选择5.clear adj.清楚的→clearly adv.清楚地6.close adj.近的/v.关→closed adj.关着的7.cloud n.云→cloudy adj.多云的8.color n.颜色→colorful adj.多彩的fort v.安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的municate v.交流→communication n.交流11.cook n.厨师/v.煮→cooker n.炊具12.correct adj.正确的→correctly adv.正确地13.courage n.勇气→encourage v.鼓励→discourage v.阻止(四)1.day n.天→daily adj.日常的2.danger n.危险→dangerous adj.有危险的3.die v.死→died 死(过去式)→dead adj.死了的→dying adj. 快死了的→death n.死亡4.decide v.决定→decision n.决定5.develop v.发展→developed adj.发达的→developing adj.发展中的6.different adj.不同的→difference n.不同点7.difficult adj.难的→difficulty n.困难8.direct adj.直接的/v.指导→indirect adj.间接的→director n.导演→director n.方向9.discover v.发现→cover v.覆盖→discovery n.发现10.discuss v.讨论→discussion n.讨论11.draw v.画→drawer n.抽屉12.drive v.开车→driver n.司机(五)1.east n.东方/adj.东方的→eastern adj.东方的2.easy adj.容易的→easily adv.容易地cate v.教育→education n.教育4.eight num.八→eighteen num.十八→eighth num.第八→eighty num.八十5.electric adj.电动的→electricity n.电→electronic n.电子6.Europe n.欧洲→European adj.欧洲的7.excite v.使兴奋→excited adj.兴奋的→exciting adj.令人兴奋的8.express v.表达→expression n.表达→expressive adj.富有表现力的(六)1.fall v.落→fell 过去式→fallen 过去分词2.far adj.远的→farther 比较级→farthest 最高级3.farm n.农场→farmer n.农民4.fat adj.胖的→fatter 比较级5.feel v.感觉→feeling n.感觉6.five num.五→fifth num.第五→fifty num.五十7.fill v.填满→filled adj.充满的8.first num.第一→one num.一→once 一次9.fly v.飞→flight n.飞行/航班10.foreign adj.外国的→foreigner n.外国人11.friend n.朋友→friendly adj.友好的→friendship n.友谊12.fun n.兴趣→funny adj.有趣的(七)1.half n一半→halves n (复数)2.happy adj 高兴的→happily 高兴地→happiness n 幸福/快乐3.health n 健康→healthy adj 健康的4.hear v 听见→heard v (过去式)→ heard(过去式)5.heavy adj 重的→heavily adv 重地6.high adj 高的→height n 高度7.help v 帮助→helpful adj 有帮助的8.hero n 英雄→heroes (复数)9.hide v 隐藏→hide(过去式)→hidden(过去分词)10.he pron 他→him他(宾)→his他的→himself他自己11.hold v 举行→held 过去式→held过去分词12.home n 家→homeless adj.无家可归的13.hope v.n 希望→hopeful adj 有希望的→hopeless adj. 无望的14.hunger n 饥饿→hungry adj 饥饿的(八)1.ill adj 有病的→illness n 疾病2.important adj重要的→importance n重要性3.impossible adj 不可能的→possible adj 可能的4.invent v发明→inventor n 发明家→invention n发明物5.interest n 兴趣→interesting adj 有趣的→interested adj 感兴趣的6.introduce v 介绍→introduction n 介绍7.invite v 邀请→invitation n 邀请8.kind adj 善良的 n 种类→kindness n 善良9.knife n 小刀→knives (复数)10.know v 知道→knew 过去式→known 过去分词→knowledge n 知识(九)1. lay v 放置→laid过去式→laid过去分词2.lead.v领导→leader.n.领导人3.leaf.n.叶子→leaves. 复数4.little.adj.少→less比较级→least最高级5.lie.躺→lay过去式→lain过去分词6.live.v生活→life n.生活→lively adj.活泼的7.lose.v.丢失→lost过去式→lost过去分词8.love.v.爱→lovely adj.可爱的9.luck.n.运气→lucky adj.好运的→unlucky adj.不幸的→luckily adv.幸运地→unluckily adv.不幸地。
高中英语词性转换变化及其构词法。
一定程度扩充词汇一 . 转化:指由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词形式。
1. 名词转化为动词:book (n 书— v 预定);seat (n 座位— v 使就位;落座);water (n 水— v 浇水);shoulder (n 肩膀— v 负责任)2. 动词转化为名词:try (v 尝试— n 尝试);look (v 看— n 表情);swim (v 游泳— n 游泳);dream (v 做梦— n 梦)3. 形容词转化为动词:dirty (adj 脏的— v 弄脏);slow (adj 慢的— v 放慢;减慢);right (adj 正确的— v 纠正);dry (adj 干的— v 变干);free (adj 自由的— v 解放;使自由);wrong (adj 错误的— v 弄错;受委屈)4. 形容词转化为名词:dear (adj 昂贵的— n 喜欢的人/ 物);quiet (adj 寂静的— n 寂静);total (adj 全部的— n 总数)5. 其它词类的转化情况:Our classroom faces south. (south:n 南方;南面— adv 向南;朝南)6. 当英语词汇转化时,转化后的词的读音常有变化。
二 . 合成:指由两个或两个以上本身有独立含义的词合在一起组成一个有具体意义的新词的构词形式。
1. 合成形容词的常见构词形式:⑴数词+ 名词a five - year plan (五年计划);first-class products (一级品);second-hand goods (二手货);a four-word (四字成语)⑵数词+ 名词+ed a three - legged bench (三条腿的登子);a one - eyed camel (一只眼的骆驼)⑶数词+ 名词+ 形容词a 20-year-old lady (一位(一位20 岁的女士);a 1,000-metre-long bridge (一座1000 米长的桥)⑷名词+ 现在分词peace-loving (热爱和平的);meat-eating (食肉的);English-speaking (说英语的);history-making (创造历史的)⑸名词+ 过去分词heart-broken (伤心的);man-made (人造的);state-owned (国有的);water-covered (被水覆盖的)⑹形容词+ 名词+ed absent-minded (漫不经心的);blue-eyed (蓝眼睛的);good-tempered (好脾气的);kind-hearted (和善的)⑺形容词+ 现在分词bad-looking (相貌丑陋的);fine-sounding (动听的);easy-going (容易相处的)⑻形容词+ 名词short-term (短期的);part-time (兼职的);high-class (高级的);large-scale (大规模的)⑼副词+ 现在分词hard-working (努力工作的);far-reaching (深远的);ever-lasting (永恒的)⑽副词+ 过去分词well-developed (高度发达的);well-known (著名的);well-trained (训练有素的)⑾其他构词形式的合成形容词all-round (全面的);face-to-face (面对面的);thank-you (感谢的);out-of-date (过时的)2. 合成名词的常见构成形式:①名词+ 名词silkworm (蚕);footprint (脚印);newspaper (报纸);glasshouse (温室);bedroom (卧室)②名词+ 动名词handwriting (书法);sun-bathing (日光浴);sight-seeing (观光)③形容词+ 名词shorthand (速记);hotline (热线);blackboard (黑板)④动名词+ 名词waiting-room (候车室);sleeping-pill (安眠药);writing-desk (写字台);reading-room (阅览室)⑤动词+ 名词pickpocket (扒手);post office (邮局);playground (操场);break-water (防波堤)⑥动词+ 副词get-together (联欢会);break-through (突破);take-off (起飞);lookout (岗哨)⑦副词+ 动词downfall (垮台);overthrow (推翻);outbreak (爆发);income (收入;所得)⑧其他构成形式的合成名词well-being (福利);good-for-nothing (无用之人);by-product (副产品);touch-me-not (含羞草);self-improvement (自我完善);self-criticism (自我批评)注意:合成词如果出现复数形式时通常在其后加-s 或-es ,如by-products,reading-rooms,但应特别注意:passers-by,lookers-on 等词语是在其表达该词中心含义的词上加-s 或-es . 3. 合成动词及其他合成词类:overthrow (推翻);sleep-walk (梦游);undergo (经历);everything (一切);furthermore (而且);forever (永远);maybe (也许)三.派生:指由一个词根加上前缀和(或)后缀构成另一个词的构词形式。
高考词语知识点总结高中阶段是每个学生的关键时期,尤其是备战高考,词语的学习是基础之一。
为了帮助同学们更好地掌握高考相关的词语知识点,本文将对高考词语知识点进行总结。
一、词性转换词性转换是词语灵活运用的重要方面。
以“善良”为例,它既可以是形容词,也可以是名词。
在高考听力和阅读理解中,我们常常需要根据句子的需要将词性进行转换。
以下是一些常见的词性转换案例:1. 形容词-->名词:美丽(形容词)-->美丽(名词),幸福(形容词)-->幸福(名词)2. 名词-->形容词:中国(名词)-->中国的(形容词),孩子(名词)-->孩子们的(形容词)3. 动词-->形容词:激动(动词)-->激动的(形容词),感动(动词)-->感动的(形容词)二、词义辨析词义辨析是高考词汇题目的常见考点。
同学们需要通过上下文来判断词语的具体含义。
以下是一些常见的词义辨析案例:1. 善良和友善:善良一词强调个体的本性是善良的,而友善强调个体对他人友好和体贴。
2. 崇高和庄严:崇高一词描述的是人的思想、行为等具有极高的道德境界,庄严侧重于场合的庄重、肃穆。
3. 气质和性格:气质强调天生的,与生俱来的特定品质,性格指的是一个人长期形成的行为方式及其对外界环境的适应情况。
三、词语搭配词语搭配是高考考察的重要内容之一。
理解词语之间的搭配关系可以帮助我们准确、地道地使用词汇。
以下是一些常见的词语搭配案例:1. 白日梦:形容一个人白天做着空想、梦幻的事情,无法实现。
2. 手舞足蹈:形容非常高兴,兴奋到手舞足蹈的程度。
3. 春寒料峭:形容春天虽然已经到了,但仍然很冷。
四、词语辨析词语辨析是高考语法题中常见的考点之一。
以下是一些常见的词语辨析案例:1. 当代和现代:当代侧重指当前的;现代强调时代、发展阶段。
2. 适应和适合:适应强调主语主动调整自己以适应环境;适合强调客体与主体相适应。
3. 信任和相信:信任强调对人的信赖;相信侧重指对事物真实性的肯定。
高中各单元词性变化和词组总结Book 1 unit 11.upset adj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的;vt.使不安,使心烦→be upset about.../that...难过;不高兴;失望2.calm vt.&vi.(使)平静,(使)镇定;adj.平静的;镇静的,沉着的→calm(...) down (使)平静下来;(使)镇定下来3.series n.连续;系列→a series of一连串的;一系列;一套4.dusk n.黄昏;傍晚→at dusk在黄昏5.settle vi.安家;定居;停留;vt.使定居;安排;解决→settle down定居下来;(使某人)安静下来,平静下来6.suffer vt.&vi.遭受;忍受;经历→suffer from遭受;患病7.recover vi.&vt.痊愈;恢复;重新获得→recover from...从……中康复,恢复常态8.pack vi. & vt.捆扎;包装;打行李;n.小包;包裹→pack (sth.) up将(东西)装箱打包9.grateful adj.感激的;表示谢意的→be grateful to sb. for sth.因某事感激某人10.swap vt.交换→swap A for B把A换成B,用B替换A1.ignore vt.不理睬;忽视→ignorant adj.无知的,愚昧的;不了解的2.concern vt.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到;n.担心;关注;(利害)关系→concerned adj.担心的,忧虑的;感兴趣的;关注的→concerning prep.关于;涉及3.loose adj.松的;松开的→loosen vt.使放松;变松4.outdoors adv.在户外;在野外→outdoor adj.户外的,室外的5.entire adj.整个的;完全的;全部的→entirely adv.完全地;整个地;全然地6.power n.能力;力量;权力→powerful adj.有权势的;有影响力的7.dusty adj.积满灰尘的→dust n.灰尘,尘土8.teenager n.十几岁的青少年→teens n.[pl.]十几岁9.exactly adv.确实如此;正是;确切地→exact adj.准确的,精确的10.disagree vi.不同意→agree vi.同意11.tip n.提示;技巧;尖;尖端;小费→tip vt.倾斜;翻倒1.voyage n.航行;航海→journey n.(尤指长途)旅行;行程2.native adj.本国的;本地的;n.本国人;本地人→be native to 产于某地的,土生土长的,当地的3.base vt.以……为根据;n.基部;基础;基地→base...on/upon...以……为基础/根据;建立在……基础上4.latter adj.较后的;后半的;(两者中)后者的the latter后者5.command n. & vt.命令;指令;掌握→be at sb.’s command听候某人的吩咐,服从某人的支配6.request n. & vt.请求;要求→at sb.’s request按照某人的要求/请求7.recognize vt.辨认出;承认;公认→recognize sb./sth. as/to be ...承认某人/物是……1.official adj.官方的;正式的;公务的→office n.办公室;办公楼;办事处;政府部门;重要职位2.actually adv.事实上;实际上→actual adj.真实的;实际的3.gradual adj.逐渐的;逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地4.spelling n.拼写;拼法→spell vt.拼写5.identity n.本身;本体;身份→identify vt.确认;认出;鉴定6.fluent adj.流利的;流畅的→ fluently adv.流利地;流畅地7.frequent adj.频繁的;常见的→frequently adv.常常地;频繁地8.usage n.使用;用法;词语惯用法→use vt.使用→useful adj.有用的,有益的9.straight adv.直接;挺直;adj.直的;正直的;笔直的→straighten vt.(使)变直,变正10.block n.街区;块;木块;石块→block vt.堵塞,阻塞;妨碍;堵住1.journal n.日记;杂志;定期刊物→journalist n.记者2.prefer vt.更喜欢;选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)→prefer (sb.) to do sth.喜欢/愿意(某人)去做某事3.persuade vt.说服;劝说→persuade sb. to do sth./persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人去做某事4.graduate n.大学毕业生;vi.毕业→graduate from...毕业于……→graduation n.毕业5.schedule n.时间表;进度表;vt.为某事安排时间→on schedule按时,如期→be scheduled to do sth.预计去做某事6.fond adj.喜爱的;慈爱的;宠爱的→be fo nd of喜爱;喜欢7.altitude n.海拔高度;高处→attidute n.态度;看法→latitude n.纬度8.pace vi.缓慢而行;踱步;n.一步;步调;速度→keep pace with sb./sth.与……步调一致,与……并驾齐驱9.midnight n.午夜;子夜→at midnight在午夜10.beneath prep.在……下面→图解如下1.disadvantage n.不利条件,不便之处→advantage n.有利条件;优势2.cycle vi.骑自行车→cycling n.骑自行车运动→cyclist n.骑自行车的人3.finally adv.最后;终于→final adj.最终的,最后的;n.决赛4.organize vt.组织;成立→organization n.组织,团体,机构5.determine vt.决定;确定;下定决心→determined adj.坚决的;有决心的6.boil vi.(液体)沸腾;(水)开→boiled adj.沸腾/开过的→boiling adj.正在沸腾的7.forecast n. & vt.预测,预报→forecaster n.预测者;天气预报员→(同义词) predict 8.insurance n.保险→insure vt.给……保险,投保9.wool n.羊毛;毛织品→woolen adj.毛织的,羊毛的10.reliable adj.可信赖的;可靠的→rely vi.依靠1.burst vi.(burst,burst)爆裂;爆发;n.突然破裂;爆发→burst into+n./burst out doing突然开始……2.event n.事件,大事;比赛项目→incident n.暴力事件;军事冲突→accident n.意外事故3.ruin n.[C]废墟;[U]毁灭;vt.毁灭;使破产→in ruins严重受损;破败不堪4.rescue n. & vt.援救;营救→come to one’s rescue挽救某人5.trap vt.使陷入困境;n.陷阱;困境→be trapped in...被困在……里/被……困住了;卡住,缠住6.bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏→bury sb./oneself in sth.(be buried in sth.)专心致志于某事,埋头于某事7.shelter n.掩蔽(处),避身处→seek shelter from...寻找躲避……的地方8.damage n. & vt.损失;损害→damages (pl.)损害赔偿金9.congratulation n.祝贺;(复数)贺词→congratulations!(用以向人祝贺)祝贺,恭喜→congratulate sb. for (doing) sth.祝贺某人某事10.outline n.要点;大纲;轮廓→headline n.报刊的大字标题→title n.标题;头衔;资格1.nation n.民族;国家;国民→national adj.国家的,民族的2.suffering n.苦难;痛苦→suffer vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦,受难,受折磨;vt.遭受,蒙受3.extreme adj.极度的;极端的→extremely adv.极其,极端,非常4.injure vt.损害;伤害;使受伤→injured adj.受伤的5.destroy vt.破坏;毁坏;消灭→destruction n.破坏;毁坏6.shock vt. & vi.使震惊;震动;n.震惊;打击;休克→shocked adj.感到震惊的7.electricity n.电;电学;电流→eletrician n.电工8.mine n.矿;矿山;矿井→miner n.矿工9.frighten vt.使惊吓;吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的;受恐吓的10.judge n.裁判员;法官;vt.断定;判断;判决→judgement n.判断力;识别力11.sincerely adv.真诚地;真挚地→sincere adj.真诚的;诚恳的,诚实的12.express vt.表示;表达;n.快车;速递1.quality n.质量;品质;性质→quantity n.数量2.active adj.积极的;活跃的→be active in...在……方面积极3.devote vt.献身;专心于→be devoted to 献身于;专心于→devoted adj.忠实的;深爱的4.principle n.法则;原则;原理→principal adj.最重要的,主要的;n.大学校长,学院院长5.vote vi. & vt.投票;选举n.选票;投票;表决→vote for/against sb./sth.投票赞成/反对某人/ 事6.equal adj.相等的;平等的→be equal to等于7.willing adj.乐意的;自愿的→be willing to do sth.乐意去做某事8.escape vi.逃脱;逃走;泄露→escape from...从……逃走9.reward n.报酬;奖金;vt.酬劳;奖赏→reward sb. for...因……奖励、奖赏某人10.opinion n.意见;看法;主张→in one’s opinion在某人看来1.mean adj.吝啬的;自私的;卑鄙的→meaningful adj.严肃的;重大的;意味深长的2.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的→generously adv.3.self n.自我;自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的;忘我的4.peaceful adj.和平的;平静的→peace n.和平,太平5.guidance n.指导;领导→guide vt.给某人领路,指引;指导6.legal adj.法律的;依照法律的→illegal adj.违法的7.hopeful adj.怀有希望的;有希望的→hopeless adj.没有希望的,无望的8.violence n.暴力,暴行→violent adj.暴力的,强暴的;激情的9.educate vt.教育;训练→educated adj.受过教育的;有教养的10.relative n.亲戚;亲属→related adj.相关的;有联系的11.terror n.恐怖;可怕的人→terrified adj.恐惧的,害怕的12.cruelty n.残忍;残酷→cruel adj.残忍的,残酷的1.design vt.设计;计划;构思;n.设计;图案;构思→be designed for...为……而设计/打算的→by design故意地;有计划地2.fancy adj.奇特的;异样的;vt.想象;设想;爱好→fancy doing sth.想要做某事3.decorate v.装饰,装修→decorate sth. with...用……装饰……4.belong vi.属于;为……的一员→belong to属于5.remove vt.移动;搬开→remove...from...从……移开,拿走……;从……机构开除……6.doubt n.疑惑;怀疑;vt.怀疑;不信→(there is) no doubt...……毫无疑问,无疑→without/ beyond doubt毫无疑问,的确7.trial n.审判;审讯;试验→on trial受审8.debate n. & vi.争论;辩论→under debate正在辩论中→debate about/on/upon sth.争论某事1.rare adj.稀罕的;珍贵的;稀有的→rarely adv.很少,不常2.valuable adj.贵重的,有价值的→value n.价值,值钱;vi.评价,估价3.survive vi.幸免,幸存;生还→survivor n.幸存者→survival n.幸存4.amaze vt.使吃惊;惊讶→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.(感到)惊讶的,吃惊的5.reception n.接待;接收;招待会→receive v.接受;招待;收听6.wooden adj.木制的→wood n.木头7.evidence n.根据;证据→evident adj.清楚的;显而易见的;显然的8.entrance n.入口→enter vt.进入9.informal adj.非正式的→formal adj.正式的1. take part in参加(活动)→join in/participate in 参加(动)→join sb./sth.加入某人/某组织2. stand for代表;象征→represent vt.代表(某个组织、团体)→ on behalf of代表(某个组织、团体)4. admit vt. & vi.承认;容许;接纳→admit to doing sth.承认(做过)某事5. as well 也→as well as除……之外;还6. replace vt.取代;替换→replace ...for...用……替换……7. charge n.主管;vt. & vi.控诉;收费→in charge of 主管→take charge of掌管→ charge sb.with sth.指控某人某事8.pain n.疼痛;痛苦→no pains,no gains不劳则无获9.one after another陆续地;一个接一个地→one by one一个接一个地10. deserve vt. & vi.应受;值得→deserve doing =deserve to be done 值得做……1. compete vi.比赛;竞争→competition n.竞争→competitor n.竞争者→competitive adj.竞争的2. physical adj.物理的;身体的→physically 身体地3. advertise vt. & vi.做广告→advertisement n.广告4. pain n.疼痛;痛苦→painful adj.痛苦的5. regular(adj.)规则的;定期的;常规的→regularly(adv.)定期地,有规律地→regulation(n.)规则;规章制度6. basis(n.)基础;根据→basic(adj.)基本的,基础的7. admit(vt.& vi.) 容许;承认;接纳→admission(n.)准入;准许8. responsible(adj.)有责任心的→responsibility(n.)责任;职责9. interview v. n. 面试, 面谈; 采访→interviewee被接见者; 被采访者→interviewer主持面试者; 采访者10. replace v. 代替, 取代→replacement n. 代替, 取代→replaceable adj. 可代替的;1.sum n.总数;算术题;金额→to sum up概括起来说2.solve vt.解决;解答→solution (to sth.)……的解决方法;……的答案3.total adj.总的;整个的;n.总数;合计→in total总共4.anyhow(=anyway) adv.无论如何;即使如此→somehow adv.不知为什么,不知怎么地;以某种方式5.goal n.目标;目的;球门;(进球)得分→set/pursue/achieve a goal设定/追求/达到目标6.download vt.下载→load vt.装载;输入,存储(数据、程序)7.signal v.发信号;n.信号→signal (to) sb. to do sth.示意某人去做某事8.character n.性格;特点→in/out of character符合/不符合某人性格9.technology n.科技;工艺→technique n.技能,技巧1.calculate vt.计算→calculation n.2.universal adj.普遍的;通用的;宇宙的→universally adv.全体地;一致地,共同地3.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的,易理解的;朴素的4.logical adj.合逻辑的;合情理的→logically adv.逻辑上;有条理地5.intelligence n.智力;智能;聪明→intelligent adj.智能的;聪明的6.reality n.真实;事实;现实→real adj.真实的;真正的;实际存在的→realize vt.实现;意识到7.personal adj.私人的;个人的;亲自的→personally adv.就个人而言;亲自8.finance n.金融;财经→finalcial adj.财政的;金融的9.type n.类型;vt. & vi.打字→typical adj.典型的,有代表性的10.electronic adj.电子的→electric adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的→electricity n.电;电能11.appearance n.外观;外貌;出现→appear vi.出现12.application n.应用;用途;申请→apply vt.申请;应用13.explore vt. & vi.探索;探测;探究→exploration n.探索;勘探;探究,研究1.wild adj.野生的;未开发的;荒凉的→wildlife n.野生动植物2.decrease vi. & vt.减少;(使)变小→on the decrease在减少3.loss n.损失;遗失;丧失→at a loss亏本;不知所措,困惑4.hunt vt. & vi.打猎;搜寻→hunt for搜寻;追踪5.respond vi.回答;响应;作出反应→respond to...对……作出反应→in response to作为对……的答复6.relief n.(痛苦/忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物→in relief如释重负,松了口气7.laughter n.笑,笑声→burst into laughter突然笑起来8.importance n.重要(性)→of (great) importance(很)重要的(作定语或表语)9.contain vt.包含;容纳;容忍→include vt.包括10.affect vt.影响;感动;感染;侵袭→effect n.影响;作用;效果→effort n.努力;艰难的尝试11.attention n.注意(力);关注→pay attention to 注意12.succeed vi.成功;vt.接替;继任→succeed in doing sth.成功地去做某事13.harm n. & vt.损害,危害→do harm to...对……有害1.protection n.保护→protect vt.2.reserve n.保护区;vt.预订,预约;保留,储备→reservation n.预订,预约3.distant adj.远的→distance n.距离4.mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;怜悯→merciful adj.仁慈的5.powerful adj.强大的,有力的→power n.权力;影响力6.appreciate vt.鉴赏;感激;意识到→appreciation n.欣赏;感激7.secure adj.安全的;可靠的→security n.安全8.employ vt.雇用;利用(时间、精力等)→employment n.雇用;工作;就业9.inspect vt.检查;视察→inspection n.10.fierce adj.凶猛的;猛烈的→fiercely adv.1.pretend vt.假装;假扮→pretend to have done sth.假装做了某事2.attach vt. & vi.系上;缚上;附加;连接→be attached to...依恋,爱慕;附属于;为……工作3.form vt.(使)组成;形成;构成;n.形式;表格→in the form of以……的形式4.passer-by n.过路人,行人→(pl.)ppassers-by5.earn vt.赚;挣得;获得→earn one’s living谋生6.extra adj.额外的;外加的→(同义词)additional7.cash n.现金→in cash用现金;有现钱→by cheque用支票支付8.addition n.加;增加;加法→in addition to除……之外(还……)9.brief adj.简要的;n.摘要→in brief/to be brief/briefly speaking简单地说,一言以蔽之10.devotion n.投入;热爱(to sb./sth.)→devote oneself/one’s life/time to...(=be devoted to...)献身于/专心于/致力于……1.musician n.音乐家→musical adj.音乐的;有音乐天赋的2.perform vt. & vi.表演;履行;执行→performance n.表演;演奏;表现,业绩3.humorous adj.幽默的→humor n.幽默4.attractive adj.吸引人的,有吸引力的→attraction n.[U]吸引;[C]吸引人的事物;景点5.confident adj.自信的;确信的→confidence n.信心,自信6.invitation n.邀请;招待→invite vt.7.sensitive adj.敏感的;易受伤害的;灵敏的8.painful adj.痛苦的;疼痛的→pain n.痛苦;疼痛1.starve vi. & vt.(使)饿死→starve to death饿死2.belief n.信任;信心;信仰→beyond belief令人难以置信3.trick n.诡计;恶作剧;窍门;vt.欺骗;诈骗→play a trick on搞恶作剧;诈骗;开玩笑→trick sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事4.admire vt.赞美;钦佩;羡慕→admire sb. for (doing) sth.因……钦佩/羡慕某人5.custom n.习惯;风俗→It is the custom to do sth.做某事是风俗6.worldwide adj.遍及全世界的,世界性的→nationwide adj.全国性的7.fool n.愚人;vt.愚弄,欺骗→fool sb. into doing sth.愚弄某人去做某事8.apologize vi.道歉→apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.因……向某人道歉(=make an to sb. for...)9.remind vt.提醒;使想起→remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事1.celebration n.庆祝,祝贺→celebrate v.庆祝,庆贺2.origin n.起源;由来;起因→original adj.原来的,起初的;原作的,真迹的3.religious adj.宗教上的;虔诚的→religion n.宗教(信仰)4.arrival n.到达;到达者→arrive (at/in...) vi.到达5.independence n.独立;自主→independent adj.独立的;自主的6.agriculture n.农业;农艺;农学→agricultural adj.农业的;农艺的7.energetic adj.充满活力的,精力充沛的;积极的→energy n.精力;活力8.permission n.许可;允许→permit vt.允许,准许9.sadness n.悲哀,悲伤→sad adj.悲伤的,难过的10.obvious adj.明显的,显而易见的→obviously adv.显然1.diet n.日常饮食;vi. 节食→on a diet节食2.balance vt. 平衡;权衡;n. 天平;平衡→off balance失去平衡→balanced adj. 平衡的3.lie n.谎言;vi. 说谎→lie in . . (原因、事实)在于……4.discount n.折扣→at a discount打折5.weakness n.缺点;弱点;虚弱→shortcoming n.缺点,短处(常用复数)6.consult vt. 咨询;请教;商量→refer to/consult a dictionary for sth. =look up sth. in a dictionary在词典中查阅……7.debt n.债,债务→in debt欠债8.glare vi. 怒目而视;n. 怒视→glare at怒视→stare at凝视→glance at瞥一眼;扫视9.spy vi. & vt. 窥视;秘密监视;n. 间谍→spy on 暗中监视,侦查10.sigh vi. & n.叹息,叹气→sign n.迹象;征兆;招牌;手势;vi. & vt. 签名,签字;打手势1.curiosity n.好奇心→curious adj. 好奇的2.hostess n.女主人;女主持人→host n.主人;节目主持人;主办国(城);vt. 主办;主持3.strength n.强项,长处;力量→strengthen vt. 巩固,加强4.digest vi. & vt. 消化;n. 摘要→digestion n.消化5.limit vt. 限制,限定;n. 界限;限度→limited adj. 有限的6.benefit n.利益,好处;vt. & vi. 有益于,有助于;受益→beneficial adj. 有利的;有用的,有益的7.combine vt. & vi. (使)联合;(使)结合→combination n.结合(体),联合(体)1. scene n. (戏剧)一场;现场;场面;景色→on the scene在现场2. wander vi. 漫游;漫步;漂泊→wonder vi. & vt. 想知道;不知道;迷惑3. permit vt. & vi. 许可;允许;n. 通行证;许可证;执照→permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事4. spot vt. 发现;认出;n. 斑点;污点;地点→on the spot当场;在现场;在原地5. seek vt. & vi. (sought,sought)寻找;探索→seek (for) sth. /sb. 寻找某物/人6. contrary n. 反面,对立面;adj. 相反的→on the contrary与此相反,正相反7. manner n. 礼貌;举止;方式→good/bad manners有/没礼貌8. genuine adj. 真的,非人造的;真诚的→artificial adj. 人工的,人造的;假的9. bow vi. & n. 鞠躬;弯腰→bow to sb. /sth. 向某人鞠躬;屈从于,屈服于……1. novel n. 小说;长篇故事;adj. 新奇的;异常的→novelist n. 小说家2. adventure n. 奇遇;冒险→adventurous adj. 爱冒险的;充满危险的3. fault n. 过错;缺点;故障→faulty adj. 有错误的;有缺点的4. account vi. & vt. 认为;说明;总共有;n. 说明;理由;计算;账目→accountant n.会计5. patience n. 耐性;忍耐→patient adj. 有耐心的;n. 病人6. unbelievable adj. 难以置信的→believale adj. 可相信的,可信任的7. rude adj. 粗鲁的,无礼的→rudeness n.1.theory n.学说;理论→in theory理论上;按理说2.atmosphere n.大气层;气氛;氛围→in a friendly atmosphere在友好的气氛中/环境中3.fundamental adj.基本的;基础的→be fundamental to是……的基础4.harmful adj.有害的→be harmful to对……有害5.pull n. & vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力→push n. & v.推,推动→press n. & v.按动;压力→draw n. & v.拖(动),拉(动)1.astronomy n.天文学→astronomer n.天文学家2.violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→violence n.暴力3.unlike prep.不同;不像→unlikely adj.未必的,不大可能的4.exist vi.存在;生存→exitence n.存在;生存;生活方式5.gentle adj.温和的;文雅的→gently adv.6.physicist n.物理学家→physician n.内科医生7.lessen v.减少;减轻→less adj.(little的比较级)少量的;adv.较少8.exhaust vt.用尽;耗尽;使筋疲力尽→exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的9.puzzle n.谜;难题;vt. & vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难→puzzled adj.困惑的,迷惑不解的→puzzleing adj.令人困惑的,令人费解的1.measure vi. & vt.测量,衡量,判定;n.计量单位;措施→take measures to do...采取措施去做……2.aboard prep. & adv.在船、飞机、火车或公共汽车上→abroad adv.在国外,到国外→board n.木板;甲板;董事会→broad adj.宽阔的;广泛的3.border n.边界;国界;边沿;vt. & vi.与……接壤;接近→on the border of...在……边界上;接近,临近;即将4.urban adj.城市的→rural adj.农村的5.approximately adv.接近;大约→(同义词)about,or so6.dawn n.黎明;破晓→at dawn黎明时刻1.surround vt. & vi.包围;围绕→surrounding adj.附近的,周围的→surroundings n.[pl.]环境2.slight adj.轻微的,微小的→slightly adv.→not…in the slightest一点也不3.mix vt. & vi.混合;调配→mixture n.混合(物)4.wealthy adj.富有的→wealthy n.财富5.distance n.距离;远方→distant adj.遥远的6.mist n.薄雾→misty adj.有薄雾的;模糊的7.tradition n.传统;风俗→traditional adj.传统的8.terrify vt.使恐怖;恐吓→terrified adj.恐惧的,受惊吓的9.pleased adj.高兴的,愉快的→pleasing adj.令人高兴的/满意的→please vt.使愉快;使满意→pleasure n.[U]高兴,快乐;[C]乐事10.impress vt.使印象深刻;使铭记→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的;感人的→impression n.印象;影响;效果1. campaign n.运动;战役;vi.作战;参加运动→launch/begin a campaign发起运动2. shade n.阴凉处(指阳光照不到的、光线不明的阴暗处) ;vt.遮住光线→shadow n.影子,阴影(指挡住光线所造成的轮廓清晰的影子)3. worthwhile adj.值得的,值得做的→It is worthwhile to do/doing...做……是值得的4. crowd n.人群;vt.挤满,使拥挤→crowd in(问题、想法)涌上(on, upon)5. support n. & vt.支持;拥护→in support of支持6. audience n.观众;听众;读者→viewer n.电视观众7. rate n.比率;速度→at a/the rate of...以……的速度8. emergency n.突发事件,紧急情况→in an emergency在紧急情况下9. deliver vt.递送;生小孩;接生;发表(演说等)→deliver sth. to sb.把某物递送给某人10. outspoken adj.直言的,坦诚的→be out spoken in sth.在……方面直率、坦诚1. inspire vt.鼓舞,激发,启示→inspiring adj.振奋人心的→inspired adj.受到启示的2. achievement n.成就;功绩→achieve vt.达到(目标、地位、标准);完成;成功3. connection n.连接;关系→connect vt.连接;接通4. organization n.组织,机构,团体→organize vt.组织,筹备5. behave vt. & vi.举动;(举止、行为)表现→behaviour n.行为,举止;习性6. observe vt.观察;观测;遵守→observation n.观察;观测;监视7. respect vt. & n.尊敬;敬意→respectable adj.体面的,得体的,值得尊敬的→respectful adj.表示敬意的,尊敬的8. argue vt. & vi.讨论,辩论,争论→arguement n.争论;争辩;争吵9. entertainment n.款待;娱乐→entertain vt.招待,款待;使快乐10. sickness n.疾病;恶心→sick adj.有病的;恶心的11. kindness n. 仁慈;好意→kind adj.仁慈的12. considerate adj.考虑周到的;体贴的→considerable adj.相当多/大/重要的→considering prep. & conj.考虑到,就…… 而言;鉴于→consideration n. 考虑;体谅13. modest adj.谦虚的;适度的→modesty n.谦虚;朴素1. struggle vi. & n.斗争;拼搏;努力→struggle for sth./to do sth.为……奋斗/努力去做……2. decade n.十年(期)→for the past/last five decades在过去的50年里3. rid vt.摆脱,除去→rid...of...摆脱,除去4. equip vt. & vi.配备,装备→equip...with...用……装备……5. regret vt. & n.遗憾;惋惜;后悔→regret doing sth.后悔做过某事→regret to do sth.遗憾地去做某事6. focus n.焦点,中心点;vt.集中;聚焦→focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于……7. reduce vt.减少→reduce sth. by/to减少了/到……8. summary n.总结;摘要;概要→in summary总的来说9. comment n.评论;议论;vt. & vi.作出评论;表达意见→make comments on sth.对某事作出评论→comment on/upon sth.对某事作出评论10. output n.产量;输出;vt.输出→put out扑灭;生产,制造;出版;公布1. sunburnt adj.晒黑的,晒伤的2. hunger n.饥饿;欲望;v. (使) 饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的3. disturbing adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的→disturbed adj.烦恼的;心神不安的→disturbe vt.打扰;弄乱,搞乱;使不安,使烦恼4. expand vt. & vi.使变大;伸展→expansion n.扩展/扩张/扩大;膨胀5. circulate vt. & vi.循环;流传→circulation n.循环;流通6. freedom n.自由,自主→free adj.自由的;有空的→freely adv.自由地;畅通地7. export vt. & vi.输出;出口→import v.输入;进口8. occupation n.工作;职业;占领→occupy vt.使用,占用;占据,占领9. confuse vt.使迷惑;使为难→confused adj.迷惑的,糊涂的→confusing adj.令人困惑的,难以理解的10. chemical adj.化学的,关于化学的→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.药剂师;药商;化学家11. production n.生产,制造→produce vt.生产,制造→product n.产品12. nutrition n.营养;滋养;食物→nutritous adj.有营养的,营养丰富的13.discovery n. 发现→discover vt. 发现1. content adj.满足的;满意的;vt.使满足/意→content sb./oneself ( with sth.) (用……)使某人/自己满足2. entertain vt. & vi.使欢乐;款待→entertain sb to...用……招待某3. worn adj.用坏的,用旧的;疲惫的→worn out adj.磨破的,穿旧的;疲惫不堪的4. failure n.失败;失败的人/事物→success n.成功;成功的人/事物5. overcome vt. & vi.(overcame,overcome)战胜;克服→(同义词)get over6. convince vt.使信服,使相信→convince sb./oneself of sth使某人相信……→convinced adj.相信的,信服的7. gesture n.姿态;手势;vi.做手势→gesture for/to sb.(to do sth. )向某人做手势(示意去做某事)8. slide vt. & vi.(slid,slid)(使)滑动,(使)滑行;n.滑动;幻灯片→slide into...溜进/滑进……里9. whisper n.耳语;低语;vt. & vi.低语,小声说→whisper to sb.低声对某人说→ inwhispers低声,耳语10. mess n.脏或乱的状态→in a mess杂乱不堪11. react vi.作出反应,回应→react to...对……作出反应→reaction n.1. humor n.幽默;滑稽→humorous adj.有幽默感的,滑稽有趣的2. performer n.表演者→perform vt.表演,演出;做,执行→performance n.表演;表现;业绩3. astonish vt.使惊诧→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的4. fortunate adj.幸运的→unfortunately adv.不幸地5. bored adj.厌烦的→boring adj.令人厌烦的6. throughout prep.遍及;贯穿;adv.到处;始终;全部7. direct vt. & vi.导演;指示;指挥;adj.直的;直接的;直率的→direction n.方向;[pl.]用法说明,操作指南8. particular adj.特殊的;特别的;n.细节;细目→particularly adv.特殊地;特别地9. occasion n. 时刻;场合→occasional adj.偶尔的;偶然的;临时的10. amuse vt.使发笑;使愉快→amused adj.逗乐的;觉得好笑的;愉悦的11. explanation n.解释;说明→explain vt.12. mountainous adj.多山的;山一般的→mountain n.山1. curious adj.好奇的→be curious about对……好奇2. approach vt. & vi.接近;靠近;走近n.接近;方法→approach to sth.……的方法/道路/通道3. defend vt.保护,保卫;辩解→defend...against...保卫……免受……的伤害4. dash vi.猛冲,突进→make a dash for向……猛冲,奔向……5. adult n.成年人;adj.成人的;成熟的→(同义词) grown-up6. likely adj.可能的→be likely to do很可能…;有希望…7. function n.作用;功能;职能;vi.起作用;运转→functional.功能的,有多种用途的8. ease n. 安逸;舒适;vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)→at (one’s) ease安适,不拘束,自在9. subjective adj.主观的→objective adj.客观的1. statement n.陈述,说明→state vt.陈述,说明;声明2. represent vt.代表,象征→representative n.代表;代表人物;adj.典型的,有代表性的3. association n.社团;联系;联想→associate vt.联想;联系;交往4. major adj.主要的→majority n.大多数,大部分5. misunderstand vt.误会→misunderstanding n.误会,误解6. truly adv.真实地;真诚地;真正地→true adj.真实的;真正的;正确的→(反义词)false adj.错误的;假的7. anger n.怒气,怒火→angry adj.发怒的,生气的1. theme n.题目;主题(曲)→theme music主题音乐2. whichever pron.无论哪一个;任何一个→wherever adv.& conj.无论在什么地方;各处3. swing n.秋千;摇摆;vt.& vi.(swung, swung)摇摆;摆动→in full swing在热烈进行中;处于兴盛阶段4. unique adj.独一无二的;仅有的→be unique to sb./sth.……是某人/事物独具的,特有的5. preserve vt.保存;保留;n.保护区→preserve sb./sth.from...保护某人/物不……6. minority n.少数;少数民族→majority n.大多数7. advance vt.& vi.前进;促进;提前;n.前进;进步→in advance提前8. admission n.允许进入;入场费;承认→admission to...准许加入/进入(某组织、机构等)1. central adj.中心的;中央的→centre n.中心,中央2. various adj.不同的;各种各样的→vary vi.相异,不同;变化,改变→variety n.不同种类;多样性3. amusement n.消遣;娱乐(活动)→amuse vt.逗笑/乐;(使)娱乐→amused adj.逗乐的,觉得好笑的4. attraction n.吸引;有吸引力的事物→attract vt.吸引5. tourism n.旅游业→tourist n.旅游者6. engine n.引擎,发动机→engineer n.工程师7. length n.长度;长→lengthen vt.使变长8. settler n.移民;殖民者→settle vt. & vi.定居;解决;殖民;停留;降落9. athletic adj.运动的→athlete n.运动员1.defeat vt.打败;战胜;使受挫;n.失败→defeat/beat+人/队击败、战胜某人/队2.expert adj.熟练的;经验或知识丰富的;n.专家;行家→be expert in sth.对……在行,在……方面是行家3.attend vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加→attend (on/upon) sb.伺侯,照顾某人→attend to sth./sb.致力于,专心于;处理4.cure n.治愈;痊愈;vt.治愈;治疗→cure sb.of...治好某人的病;矫正某人的不良行为5.challenge n.挑战;vt.向……挑战→challenge sb.to sth.向某人挑战某事6.absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使专心→be absorbed in...专心于……7.suspect vt.怀疑;认为;n.嫌疑犯;被怀疑者→suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人有罪8.contribute vt.& vi.捐献;贡献;捐助→contribute to...有助于,促使;是……原因之一;投稿9.positive adj.积极的;肯定的;确实的→negative adj.消极的;否定的10.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的→be enthusiastic about对……热情,热心11.cautious adj.小心的;谨慎的→be cautious about...对……小心、谨慎12.spin vi.& vt. (spun,spun)(使)旋转;纺(线/纱)1.characteristic n.特征;特性→character n.品质,性格;特点,特性;人物,角色;文字2.scientific adj.科学的→scientist n.科学家3.conclude vt.& vi.结束;推断出→conclusion n.结论;结束4.analyse vt.分析→analysis n.分析5.enquiry n.询问→enquire vt.询问,打听6.severe adj.严重的;剧烈的;严厉的→severely adv.7.foresee vt.(foresaw,foreseen)预见;预知8.pollute vt.污染;弄脏→pollution n.污染9.handle n.柄,把手;vt.处理;操纵10.announce vt.宣布;通告→amouncement n.通告,布告;宣布11.instruct vt.命令;指示;教导→instruction n.指示,命令;教导;(pl.)用法说明,操作指南→instructive adj.富有教益的12.construct vt.建设;修建→construction n.建设;建筑物13.movement n.移动;运动;动作→move v.移动;前进;进步;搬家/迁。
英语二轮复习专题(二)词性及词形转换——名词,形容词,副词,动词其一:词性转换一·名词变形容词1名词+y (或双写最后一个字母+y, 或去掉e+y)anger 生气---angry hunger---hungry fog—foggy有雾的fur----furry 毛皮的guilt 罪恶---guilty 内疚的health---healthy luck---lucky cloud---cloudy wind—windy rain---rainy snow---snowy sun—sunny tourist------touristy 游客多的salt 盐-- salty 咸的shine---shiny 发亮的silk —silky 丝绸般的sleep---sleepy 昏昏欲睡的taste 口味------tasty 甜的,可口的2.名词+ edbalance –balanced spot 斑点,地点----spotted 有斑点的talent---talented 有天赋的organ组织---organized 有组织的3.名词+ ful/lessmeaning—meaningful/meaningless 有意义的;无意义的use---useless/ useful care—careful/ careless 小心的;粗心的help---helpful / helpless thank—thankful home—homeless 无家可归的colour---colourfulpain 疼痛---painful 痛苦的peace -- peaceful4.名词+ ableadjustable 可调整的comfort---comfortable舒服的knowledge---knowledgeable suit -----suitable 合适的5.名词+ ousenormous 巨大的danger—dangerousmystery 神秘-----mysterious 神秘的6.ce 变 tconfidence----confident difference---different importance---important7. al 结尾medicine 药----medical 医学的music---musical nature---natural 自然的person---personal (私人的) nation—national 国家education-educational有教育意义的tradition----traditional 传统的origin起源---original 原始的,独创的8.名词+ ly (这些都是ly结尾的形容词,不是副词)friend—friendly live---lively 活跃的,love—lovely 可爱的(注意:是adj,不是adv)9.+ en 结尾wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的*方位的词表达名词—形容词East—eastern东方的West—western西方的South—southern North---northernIn the west of China In the western part of China四大洲名词-----形容词Asia 亚洲–---- Asian Africa 非洲----- African Europe 欧洲----- European America 美洲-----American10. 其他energy精力---energetic fool 傻子—foolish 愚蠢的freedom 自由—free 空的,免费的height 高度—high illness 疾病--- ill love—loving 慈爱的death---dead pleasure---pleasant / pleasedpopularity 流行性—popularpride---proud scientist----scientific 科学的二·形容词变副词1.形容词+ lybright—brightly 明亮地casual—casually 随意地clear—clearly 清楚地complete—completely 完全correct---correctly 正确地final--finally fortunate—fortunately幸运地general—generally 一般来讲loud—loudly particular 特殊的,独特的—particularly polite—politely main------mainly 主要地2. 以le 结尾的去e + ycomfortable---comfortably gentle—gentlypossible---possibly simple ----simply 仅仅;只;简单地terrible---terribly3. 辅音字母+ y (变y为i+ly)easy—easily heavy—heavily happy--happily4.特殊good—well好地;well 身体健康的,水井*既是形容词又是副词(填空练习:在横线上填上例句中词汇的词性,如:adj; adv)early get up early ;____ an early train____late be late for class ;___ come late for school____ deep dive deep into the sea ;____ a deep hole_____ high jump high;______ a high mountain________ hard (坚硬的,刻苦的) a hard(意思是:___) question_____;a hard stone_______ ;work hard / study hard;___rain hard(意思______词性_____) long It takes too long ;_____It takes a long time_______far jump far ___My home is far from school _____ straight a straight line;_____go straight along here____ 三·动词变名词一、1.v+ ment 结尾achieve---achievement advertise--advertisement// advertising agree—(in )agreement apart------apartment 公寓amusement 娱乐argue---argument争吵commit奉献—commitment compliment 称赞,恭维develop---development disagree—disagreement2.V+ tion或ion 结尾attract吸引—attraction(s) conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争,比赛discuss—discussion 讨论educate-----education describe—description描写,描绘suggest-建议,暗示-suggestion solve解决-solution 解决方法 3.V+ ance 结尾appear—appearance 外,出现perform--performance 演出4.V+ ing 结尾bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束----ending 结尾,结局train 训练---training mean---meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语5.V+ 其他Beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐behave 行为,举止----behavior know---knowledge fly—flight 飞行heat 加热---heat 热量hit 撞击------hit 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞mix 混合-----mixture 混合物press 按,压—pressure 压力sit-----seat 座位succeed-- successtour 在-----旅游,在-----作巡回演出直接+地点,如:tour China ---tourism旅游/ tourist 游客其二·词形变化除了上述词性转换,一个单词的词形还可以通过以下方式来发生改变(顺便词性或词义也发生了变化):一·名词的单复数变形1.规则的可数名词的复数变化:1).一般情况加s :book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls2).以s 、sh 、ch 、x结尾的加es :class--- classes box----boxes match----matches3).辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为i加es:city---cities country----countries party----parties factory----factories 4).以o 结尾的词+es的只有以下词:heroes Negroes;tomatoes;potatoes5) .以f,fe 结尾的变f或fe为v +es :thief wife life knife wolf half leaf2. 不规则的变化1).man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese , child—children, mouse—mice, phenomenon---phenomena, crisis---crises; criterion---criteria 2).单复数相同: sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese , Swiss, craft, means, series, species3).以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化.a man servant—three men servants 但boy与girl不要变化a girl student---three girl students4) 合成词的单数变复数,一般在词尾加-s/-es,如有名词作为中心词,则加在该名词后。
高考英语常考词性变化二、名词转换为形容词(1)ful,less结尾的形容词;aim→aimless 无目标的beauty→beautiful 美丽的breath→breathless 上气不接下气的care→careful→careless 小心的/粗心的color→colorful→colorless 多彩的/无色的cheer→cheerful 高兴的doubt→doubtful→doubtless 可疑的,不确定的/无疑的end→endless 无休止的faith→faithful 忠实的fear→fearful 可怕的home→homeless 无家可归的harm→harmful→harmless 有害的/无害的hope→hopeful→hopeless 抱有希望的/无望的help→helpful→helpless 有帮助的,愿意帮忙的/无助的job→jobless 无工作的joy→joyful 高兴的meaning→meaningful 有意义的mind→mindless 不留神的,愚蠢的peace→peaceful 和平的pain→painful→painless 痛苦的/不痛的power→powerful→powerless 强有力的/无力的price→priceless 珍贵的,无价的speech→speechless 说不出话的self→selfless 无私的success→successful 成功的thank→thankful 感激的tire→tireless 不知疲倦的use→useful 有用的wire→wireless 无线的①[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Learning English as a second language can bea painful experience.把英语作为第二语言学习可能是一段痛苦的经历。
②[2017·北京高考]Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing where she was heading.简漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道往前走,不知道要去哪里。
高考高频词性、词形转换记忆清单一、动词的变化1. 动词名词1) v + -tion / -sion / -ion / -ation(注意不发音的e往往去掉!)admire – admiration钦佩赞赏admit – admission 承认adapt – adaptation 适应,改编apply – application 应用,申请appreciate–appreciation感激欣赏act – action 行动attract – attraction 吸引celebrate – celebration 庆祝congratulate–congratulation祝贺classify – classification分类combine – combination结合communicate-communication confuse – confusion consider-consideration 考虑construct – construction建设contribute – contribution贡献contradict – contradiction矛盾cooperate – cooperation合作create – creation创造物compete – competition竞争conclude – conclusion总结connect – connection连接/系consider – consideration考虑compete-competition竞争decorate – decoration装饰品determine –determination决心devote-devotion奉献,挚爱discuss – discussion讨论destroy-destruction毁灭decide – decision决定divide-division分歧;分开distribute – distribution分配edit – edition编辑erupt – eruption爆发expect – expectation期待extend -extension延伸,扩展explain – explanation解释exhibit – exhibitionexpress – expression表达explode-explosion爆炸graduate – graduation毕业hesitate – hesitation犹豫imagine – imaginationinfect – infection感染instruct – instruction教导introduce –introduction介绍引进inspire – inspiration激励灵感invite – invitation邀请impress – impressionisolate – isolation隔离illustrate-illustration阐明解释organize – organization组织occupy – occupation占领,职业operate – operation手术,操作pollute – pollution污染prepare – preparation准备protect – protection保护pronounce – pronunciation发音predict-prediction预测permit – permission允许possess – possession拥有,财产recommend–recommendationreflect – reflection反射,反思react – reaction反应regulate控制,管理,调节–regulation规章,管理relax – relaxation放松repeat – repetition重复reserve – reservation预订revise – revision复习回顾solve – solution解决方案suggest-suggestionsatisfy – satisfactionqualify-qualification资格starve – starvation挨饿transport – transportation运输transmit-transmission传播except-exception例外translate – translation翻译popularization推广普及宣传2) v + - ptionabsorb – absorption吸收,吸引consume -consumption消费消耗describe – description描述assume – assumption假设subscribe – subscription订阅prescribe-prescription处方receive – reception接待(处)3) v + -alapprove – approval同意批准refuse – refusal 拒绝rent租;租金-rental租;租金remove – removal消除dispose – disposal处理,安置,去掉renew – renewal更新,复兴survive – survival幸存arrive – arrival到达propose – proposal 提议bury-burial葬礼4) v + -ance / - ence /-ceappear – appearance出现,外表accept-acceptance接受tolerate----tolerance 容忍differ – difference不同depend – dependence依靠independence独立acquaint – acquaintance熟人exist – existence存在enter-entrance入口perform – performance表现/演prefer – preference偏爱refer – reference参考,查阅guide – guidance指导tolerate – tolerance忍耐,宽恕ignore – ignorance忽略,无知assist – assistance援助,帮助resist – resistance抵抗,阻力defend-defense防御,保卫offend-offence违法冒犯攻击annoy –annoyance恼怒,生气5) v+ -urepress – pressure压力expose – exposure暴露,接触fail – failure失败mix – mixture 混合物sign – signature 签名depart– departure离开,启程6) v + -ing(s)begin – beginning train – training训练spend – spending花销build – building paint – painting 油画,画greet – greeting问候feel-feelingend – ending结局cross -- crossing 十字路口furnish—furnishings家具陈设surround – surroundings环境set-setting背景,环境suffer – suffering痛苦hear – hearing听觉say-saying谚语save – savings积蓄belong–belongings所属物7) v + -mentassess – assessment评估assign分配委派-assignment任务作业attach – attachment系,附argue---argument (注意没有e)achieve---achievement 获得达到-amazement吃惊- astonishment吃惊appoint-appointment任命,约会amuse – amusement娱乐adjust-adjustment 调整; 适应advertise--advertisement 广告announce – announcement宣布arrange–arrangement安排,布局agree-(dis)agreement (不)同意develop-development发展培养形成disappoint–disappointment使失望embarrass – embarrassment使尴尬entertain – entertainment娱乐equip – equipment装备encourage-encouragement 鼓励employ-(un)employment 失业,就业excite – excitement使兴奋govern – government政府improve-----improvement提高改善manage—management管理设法move – movement移动行动require – requirement要求state – statement陈述settle – settlement定居,解决judge - judg(e)ment判断treat – treatment治疗punish – punishment惩罚commit-commitment奉献承诺8) v + -ybrave – bravery勇敢deliver – delivery投递discover – discovery发现rob – robbery抢劫injure - injury使受9) v / n + -agepack – package包裹(parcel)marry-marriage结婚use – usage使用short – shortage 短缺/ shortness不足,简略,短小store – storage储存pass-passage 通过cover –coverage覆盖,报道,够支付,包括10) v + -er / -or / -ar / -ee (……的人) / -ee (接受……的人)begin - beginneremploy – employer/employee interview采访;面试– interviewer/interviewee train –trainer/ traineerun - runnerswim - swimmerwin – winner赢家lose – loser输者manage-manager经理observe – observer观察者perform – performer表演者paint – painter画家lead-leader领导play - playertravel - travel(l)erorganize – organizer组织者support - supporterlaw-lawyer律师survive-survivor幸存者educate – educator教育者invent – inventor发明者visit – visitor游客,拜访者conduct-conductor指挥列车员govern – governor统治者edit – editor编辑operate – operator操作员act - actor/actress sail –sailor 水手 translate – translator 翻译 create – creator 创造者 compete – competitor 竞争者 instruct – instructor 教导员 direct 指挥–director 导演 sponsor 赞助v; 赞助者n monitor 监控v;监控器n aviator 飞行员lie 撒谎v.—liar 骗子 beg – beggar 乞丐 cook – cooker 炊具 laugh -laughter 笑声11) v./n. + -ant (……的人/者)contest (比赛n.) – contestant (参赛选手)participate – participant (参与者) account – accountant (会计) apply – applicant (申请人,候选人) assist – assistant (助理) immigrate 移民(v ) – immigrant 移民(人) consult 咨询 – consultant 顾问inhabit 居住/栖息于-inhabitant 居民/栖息动物 resident 居民 opponent 对手 nutrient 营养物disinfect 消毒-disinfectant 消毒剂 determine–determinant 决定因素serve 服务 – servant 仆人 / service 服务 pollute–pollutant 污染物12) 其他-complaint 抱怨,投serve -service 服务 choose -choice 选择 重量 high -height 高度 -belief 信念信仰 -relief 宽慰,放松 lose -loss 损失,丢失 respond -response 反应 unite 使团结,联合-union 联盟 behave -behavior 行为举止 tend -tendency 趋势 succeed -success 成功vary -variety 多样性,品种 analyze—analysis 分析 behave—behavior 举止 know—knowledge 知识 succeed -success 成功2. 动词 形容词 1) v./ n. + -iveact -(in)active (不)活跃的 attract -attractive 有吸引力的 appreciate -appreciative 感激的 protect -protective 保护性的 sense -sensitive 敏感的 sensible 明智的,合情理的 subject -subjective 主观的 effect -effective 有效的 product -productive 多产、高效的express -expressive 有表现力的 instruct -instructive 有教育性的 imagine -imaginative 有想象力的create -creative 有创意的 relate -relative 相对的 decide -decisive 决定性的果断的respect -respective 各自的分别的talk -talkative 健谈的mass -massive 大量的,大块的 offend -offensive 冒犯的无礼的攻击的construct -constructive 建设性的include -inclusive 包容的defend-defensive防御的,百般辩解的addict - addictive沉溺的conserve保护保存-conservative保守的,守旧的expense花销n - expensive昂贵的positive积极的,肯定的,阳性的negative消极的,否定的,阴性的representative代表性的a; 代表n passive被动的compete-competitive有竞争力的include-inclusive包容的aggress攻击-aggressive有攻击性的,激进的,积极进取的impress-impressive令人印象深刻的,令人赞叹的,雄伟壮丽的comprehend理解,包括- comprehensive全面的,综合性的,详尽的initiate发起倡导-initiative n.主动性,新举措,首创精神,倡议,提议2) v + -able / n + ible不去e加able的:knowledge-knowledgeable change-changeable notice-noticeable显著的去不发音的e加able的:note-notable显著的remark-remarkable显著的desire-desirable admire-admirable value-valuable 有价值的invaluable 宝贵的;极有用的believe-(un)believableachieve-achievablerely-reliable(改y为i)可信/依赖的reliant依赖的(dependent)be reliant on/upon…accept-acceptable可接受的adjust-adjustable可调节的avoid-avoidable可避免的port-portable可携带的comfort-(un)comfortablereason-reasonable合理的suit-suitable合适的understand-understandablehonor-honorable荣耀的enjoy-enjoyable令人愉快的inhabit-(un)inhabitable(不)宜居住的(不)可居住的fold - foldable可折叠的terror恐怖- terriblehorror恐怖- horribleresponse – responsibleincredible难以置信的bear-bearable可忍受的fashion-fashionable时尚的renew更新-renewable可更新的consider-considerable相当大的,相当多的,相当重要的,显要的considerate体贴的周到的favor-favorable有利的,赞同的-favorite最喜爱的dispose丢掉,安置,处理—disposable一次性的(用品)afford-affordable买得起的,承担得起的access-accessible可以接近、利用的avail –available可以利用的、买得到的forget-(un)forgettable (忘的separate-separable可分离的inseparable亲密无间的,不可分开的forgetful健忘的3) v + -ing令人…的/ -ed感到…的bore 使厌倦-boring -boredtire使厌倦、疲劳- tiring- tiredconfuse使迷惑–confusing- confusedpuzzle –puzzling -puzzledconvince使信服- convincing- convinced depress使沮丧-depressing –depressed frustrate使沮丧– frustrating- frustrated discourage使沮丧,阻止-discouraging –discourageddespair使绝望v / 绝望n –despairing-despaired annoy使生气-annoying-annoyedupset使心烦、苦恼、失望–upsetting - upsetscare – scaring / scary - scaredembarrass使尴尬- embarrassing -embarrassed disappoint –disappointing- disappointed excite- exciting- excitedthrill 使兴奋、激动v / 兴奋、激动–thrilling-thrilledchallenge- challenging- challengedrelax使放松- relaxing- relaxedrefreshing-refreshedencourage-encouraging-encouraged受到鼓舞的surprise- surprising -surprisedtouch使感动-touching – touchedworry –worrying – worriedinspire启发,激励- inspiring –inspiredsatisfy - satisfactory / satisfying - satisfied amuse – amusing - amusedconcern – concerning –concerned关心/担心的move使感动– moving – moved please使高兴满意-pleasing / pleasant – pleased absorb吸收,理解,吸引,使全神贯注– absorbing 吸引人的– absorbed被吸引的,聚精会神的4) v + - ingcare - caring 关心他人的,乐于助人的remain剩下- remaining剩下的(left)dare敢- daring勇敢的,大胆的surround- surrounding周边的strike – striking 惹人瞩目的,显著的,惊人的reward- rewarding有回报的die –dying奄奄一息的freeze-freezing极冷的;极冷地live – living有生命的shine – shining闪亮的,出类拔萃的/shiny闪亮的promise-promising 有前途的demand要求-demanding (工作)要求高的,需要技能的5) v + -edaccustom- accustomed适应的balance- balanced平衡的bury- buried聚精会神的experience–experienced有经验的learn- learned博学的devote–devoted忠诚的,挚爱的,全心全意的dedicate- dedicatedcommit -committeduse-used用过的,旧的,二手的abandoned被抛弃的complicate –complicated复杂的furnish配备家具v(furniture 家具n)-furnished配有家具的limit- limited有限的organize- organized有组织的relate- related相关的unite- united团结的determine- determinedheat- heated热烈的gift天赋–gifted有天赋的talent- talentedage –aged上年纪的inform- informed有知识的,了解的injure- injured受伤的marry- married使感动已婚的oppose- opposed反对的disable –disabled残疾的advance- advanced先进的relieve- relieved宽慰的放松的grieve- grieved悲痛的light – lighted点燃的crowd-crowded拥挤的distinguish-distinguished著名的二、名词的变化1. 名词形容词1) n/ v /+ -oushumor- humorous幽默的danger -dangerouscourage –courageous勇敢的anxiety –anxious焦虑的,急切的curiosity –curious好奇的caution- cautious谨慎的vary- various各种各样的continue- continuous连续的adventure- adventurous ambition –ambitious雄心壮志的envy- envious (jealous)羡慕的mystery –mysterious神秘的religion –religious宗教的poison毒药;下毒v–poisonous有毒的mountain –mountainous多山的suspicion-suspicious怀疑的precious珍贵的ridiculous荒唐的glory –glorious光荣的harmony – (in)harmonious(不)和谐的previous以前的delicious可口的variety- various各种各样的fame名声-famous著名的advantage-advantageous有利的ambiguous模棱两可的,含糊的conscious有意识的luxury-luxurious奢侈的2) n + - fulcolor- colorful peace- peaceful use- useful doubt- doubtful delight –delightful令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的stress –stressful有压力的stressed感到有压力的care -carefulharm- harmfulsuccess -successfulhelp -helpfuljoy- joyfulhope – hopeful wonder- wonderful power – powerful thought-thoughtful 周到的,深思的,周密的pain-painful痛苦的thank-thankful (grateful)beauty-beautifulsorrow-sorrowful悲伤的mourn-mournful悲痛的fear-fearful可怕的plenty -plentiful丰富的awful糟糕的极坏的3) n. + less(反义形容词)limit- limitless无限的help- helpless无助的无能为力的hope-hopeless绝望的没有希望的use –useless无用的fruit- fruitless无成效的worth-worthless无价值的price- priceless无价的heart –heartless无情冷酷的stain- stainless无瑕的care- careless粗心的end –endless无休止的harm- harmless无害的wire- wireless无线的home- homelessfault –faultless无过失的meaning –meaningless无意义的speech –speechless无语的match-matchless无与伦比的job-jobless失业的fear-fearless大胆的rest-restless不平静、安宁的tire-tireless不知疲倦的aim-aimless无目的的base-baseless无根据的brain-brainless无头脑的breath-breathless气喘吁吁的count-countless数不尽的regard-regardless不管不顾的shameless不知羞耻的sleepless无眠的selfless无私的doubtless无疑的nevertheless然而4) n + -icdrama- dramatic戏剧性的,急剧的,引人注目的energy –energetic有活力的dynamic动态的,有活力的science- scientifichistory- historicclass- classic经典的enthusiasm- enthusiasticroman -romanticart-artistic艺术的sympathy- sympathetic有同情心的economy-economic经济的optimism乐观(主义)-optimisticpessimism悲观(主义)-pessimisticacademy-academic学术的specific明确的具体的fantastic极好的,奇异的authentic真实的5) n + -lyfriend-friendly 友好的environmentally-friendly环保的skin-friendly亲肤的mother-motherly love- lovelybrother-brotherlyweek-weeklyhour-hourlyday-dailyyear-yearlymonth-monthlydeadly致命的man-manly有男子气概的6) n + -y -形容词ease-easy容易的轻松的frost-frosty有霜的greed-greedy贪婪的mess-messy乱七八糟的salt-salty咸的smell-smelly有强烈(难闻)的气味的taste-tasty美味的guilt-guilty内疚的,有罪的shine-shiny闪亮的fun-funny滑稽的sun-sunnysnow-snowysilk-silky丝绸般的fog-foggymist-misty薄雾的rain-rainyhill-hilly多小山的wind-windydust-dusty有灰尘的wealth-wealthy有钱的health-healthy健康的sleep-sleepy困乏的luck-luckymud-muddy泥泞的dirt-dirty 脏的noise-noisy嘈杂的ice-icy 冰的heart - hearty欢快的由衷的thirst-thirsty口渴的anger-angryhunger-hungryprice-pricey a. 昂贵的7) n+-ate -形容词fortune-(un)fortunate passion-passionate有激情的consider-considerate 体贴的考虑周到的affection 喜爱钟爱-affectionate深情的8) n+-al -形容词benefit-beneficialindustry工业,行业;勤奋-industrial工业的-industrious勤奋的commerce-commercial finance-financial金融的face-facialrace-racialsociety-socialoffice-officialinfluence-influential有影响力的confidential机密的agriculture-agricultural农业的convention-conventional传统的因循守旧的society-social社会的culture-cultural文化的environment-environmentalnation-national国家的origin-original最初的原始的professor-professional专业的season-seasonal季节的logic-logical有逻辑的tradition-traditional传统的physics-physical物理、身体、物质的accident-accidental意外的globe-global全球的magic-magical魔法的type-typical典型的,通常的nature-natural自然的本质的spirit-spiritual精神的centre-central中央的person-personal个人的私人的crime-criminal犯罪的;罪犯chemistry-chemical化学的;化学物质individual个人的;个体music-musical音乐的;音乐剧education-educational教育的condition条件-conditional有条件的finance-financial金融的财政的occasion-occasional偶尔的class等级-classical经典的9) -ce 结尾的名词-t 结尾的形容词confidence-confident自信的difference-different evidence-evident显而易见的independence-independent patience-patient耐心的convenience-convenient方便的absent-absence缺席present-presence在场silence-silent沉默的violence-violent暴力的猛烈的significance-significant重要的,重大的,影响深远的,显著的importance-importantignorance-ignorant忽视、无知的Intelligence-intelligent智慧的distance-distant遥远的,冷漠的resistance抵制抵抗阻力-resistant抵制的absence-absent缺席的abundance-abundant丰富的resilience弹力/复原力-resilient有弹性的/有复原力的tolerance-tolerant容忍忍耐difference-different10) -ency 结尾的名词-ent 结尾的形容词fluency流利-fluent流利的frequency-frequent流利的efficiency效率-efficient高效的urgency紧急情况-urgent紧急的emergency紧急情况-emergent新出现的accuracy准确性-accurateprivacy-private私人的11) n +ed 形容词balance-balanced平衡的talent-talented有天赋的gift-gifted有天赋的organize-organized有组织的crowd-crowded拥挤的12)方位名词变形容词east-eastern 东方的west-western西方的south-southern南方的north-northern北方的13) 其他变化child-childish幼稚的孩子气的fool-foolish self-selfish自私的variety-various pride-proudwool-woolen羊毛的wood-wooden木质的silk-silken如丝一般的2. 名词名词1) n+ -ician(…家、师)music-musicianphysics-physician内科医生magic-magician魔术师politics-politician政治家diet-dietician 营养师library-librarian图书管理员surgery –surgeon外科医生2) n+ - ist(...家,...者)biology-biologist生物学家piano-pianist钢琴家journal-journalist记者physics-physicist物理学家psychology-psychologist心理学家art-artistscience-scientistcycle-cyclist骑行者type-typist打字员reception-receptionist接待员social-socialist tour-tourist游客ecologist生态学家special-specialist专家chemistry-chemist化学家3) -ology结尾的名词(...学)biology生物学ecology生态学geography地理psychology心理学archaeology考古学sociology社会学二、形容词的变化1. 形容词名词1) adj. + -tyelectric-electricity电equal-equality平等major-majority多数minor-minority少数popular-popularity流行real-reality现实secure-security安全safe-safety安全similar-similarity相似处cruel-cruelty残忍diverse-diversity多样化necessary-necessity必需品possible-possibilitycurious-curiosity好奇poor-poverty贫穷responsible-responsibility责任hospitable-hospitality殷勤好客generous-generosity慷慨modest-modesty谦虚honest-honesty诚实difficult – difficulty困难social – society社会flexible –flexibility灵活,韧性personal-personality个性able-ability 能力/disability残疾prosperous-prosperity繁荣昌盛dignity尊严,高位, 高职property财产;特性vitality活力,生存力sincere-sincerity真诚royal-royalty王族;版权税stable-stability稳定,持久public-publicity宣传公布2) adj. / v + - thdeep – depth深度grow-growth生长、成长long-length长度wide – width宽度strong-strength力气warm-warmth温暖true – truth真相,事实young-youth青春breathe-breath呼吸bathe-bath沐浴3) adj. + nessaware- awareness意识conscious-consciousness意识dark – darknesscareless-carelessness homeless-homelessness eager-eagerness渴望happy-happinesskind –kindnesslonely-lonelinessrude –rudeness粗鲁sad-sadnesssick-sicknesstired-tiredness疲劳厌倦ill-illnesswilling-willingness愿意weak-weakness(un)selfish-(un)selfishness(无私)自私tough-toughness坚强friendly-friendliness友好nervous-nervousness紧张4) adj. /n + domfree-freedom自由bore-boredom厌倦/无聊wise-wisdom智慧king-kingdom王国5) adj. + smsocial-socialism社会主义optimistic-optimism乐观(主义),乐观主义者pessimistic-pessimism悲观(主义),悲观主义者6) 以t结尾的形容词,变t为cyefficient-efficiency 效率accurate—accuracy精确(性)urgent—urgency紧急情况2.以ly结尾的形容词costly昂贵的deadly致命的monthly每月的yearly/annual每年的weekly每周的orderly有次序的lovely可爱的friendly有好的2. 形容词动词1)adj. / n. + -enbright – brighten使变亮、鲜艳sad –sadden使伤心broad -broaden拓宽wide –widen拓宽fright -frighten 使害怕dark-darken使变暗(消极)light - lighten 减轻,使变亮deep –deepen加深,加剧,恶化hard – harden使变硬(坚固、坚定、强硬)soft-soften使变软(温和、轻柔)strong – strengthen加强long – lengthen加长short -shorten 缩短loose -loosen使变松,松开,放宽tight- tighten 使变紧(僵硬),绷紧quick - quicken 使变快,加快sharp – sharpen使锋利、增强、改进ripe - ripen 使成熟weak –weaken削弱,动摇,使虚弱worse -worsen 恶化,加剧less-lessen 使减少、降低2) en- +adj./nlarge- enlargerich - enrichsure –ensureable - enable courage –encourage danger – endangerforce -enforce 强制实行,强制实施rage - enrage 激怒gulf海湾- engulf 包围;吞没;淹没title -entitle 题名; 使享有...的权利3)adj / n+ ize / iseapology –apologizesocial – socialize社会化popular-popularize普及推广public-publicize宣传,使公开character-characterize成为..的特征minimum-minimize最小化maximum-maximize最大化standard -standardize标准化real - realize 实现special – specialize专门研究/从事专攻organization - organize 组织modern –modernize使现代化symbol -symbolize 象征,代表recognition – recognize识别,意识到,认可,表扬emphasis – emphasize强调analysis – analyse /analyze分析ideal理想的-idealize理想化global- globalize全球化critical –criticize批评4) adj. + fysimple-simplify简单化pure纯洁/净的-purify净化identity身份/特性-indentify 识别intense强烈/剧烈的-intensify加剧,增强quality质量-qualify使具有资格(qualification资格)ample充足的-amplify放大(音量),增强class类别-classify分类mode方式做法模式-modify修改改造修饰beauty /beautify美化satisfaction-satisfy使满意clarity清楚清晰clarify澄清阐明desert- desertify沙漠化3. 形容词副词1)一般加-lybad-badly糟糕地,非常neat-neatly整洁、齐地main-mainly主要地most-mostly主要地,大部分,多半,通常intentional-intentionally故意地exact-exactly确切地;恰好slight-slightly略微,稍微hurry-hurriedly匆忙地thorough-thoroughly彻底地excited-excitedly兴奋地interesting-interestingly有趣的是surprising-surprisingly令人吃惊的是increasing-increasingly越来越多地2) 以不发音的e结尾的*一般直接加lysafe-safelycomplete-completely fortunate-fortunately extreme-extremely极度地respective-respectively各自地,分别地relative-relatively相对地accurate-accurately精确地absolute-absolutely完全地,绝对地;当然*free-freely自由地,无阻碍地*两个特别的:去e加lytrue-truly whole-wholly3) 以l结尾的*一般加lyreal-really normal-normally annual-annually一年一度地natural-naturally final-finally gradual-gradually official-officially正式地actual-actuallyphysical-physicallymental-mentallySuccessful - successfully*两个特别的:加yfull- fully充分地dull-dully木然地4)以辅音字母加le结尾的,去e加y(重点记忆!)所有以able结尾的,如:enjoyable-enjoyably unbelievable-unbelievably remarkable-remarkably honorable-honorably (im)possible-(im)possiblyprobable-probablyterrible-terribly可怕地,非常horrible-horriblygentle-gently温和、柔地simple-simplyincredible-incredibly难以置信地5)以辅音字母加y结尾的,改y为i, 加lyhappy-happily easy-easily hungry-hungrily angry-angrilylazy-lazily(un)lucky-(un)luckilyHearty-heartily由衷地;十分noisy-noisily6)以ic结尾的,加allyscientific-scientifically systematic-systematically系统地basic-basically基本地,大体的economic-economically enthusiastic-enthusiastically logic-logically逻辑上地energetic-energetically精力充沛地dramatic-dramatically显著地automatic-automatically自动地sympathetic-sympathetically同情地academic-academically在学术上specific-specifically 明确、具体地authentic真实的逼真的-authenticallyfantastic极好的,(数量)极大的,奇异的-fantastically四、常见的前缀1.否定前缀dis-agree-disagree 不同意appear-disappear 消失appoint-disappoint 使失望approve-disapprove 不赞成comfort-discomfort 使不舒适cover-discover 发现like-dislike 不喜欢order-disorder无秩序的dissatisfied不满意的disadvantage缺点honest-dishonest不诚实的obey-disobey违反,不服从disuse废弃,不用disable残疾的disability残疾comfort-discomfort不适qualify (使)具备资格disqualify 取消资格im-patient-impatient 不耐心的polite-impolite 没礼貌的possible-impossible 不可能的practical-impractical 不实用的proper-improper 不合适的mature-immature不成熟的improper不合适的imperfect不完美的moral-immoral不道德的un-able-unable 无能的aware-unaware 无意识的believable-unbelievable certain-uncertain不确定的clear-unclear 不清楚的comfortable-uncomfortable common-uncommon 不常有的conscious-unconscious 无知觉的fair-unfair 不公平的forgettable-unforgettable fortunate-unfortunatefit-unfit 不合适的friendly-unfriendlyhappy-unhappyknown-unknown 无名的likely-unlikely 不可能的lucky-unluckynecessary-unnecessaryhealthy-unhealthy不健康的pleasant-unpleasant 不愉快的lock锁-unlock开锁easy-uneasy不安的fold折叠-unfold打开load装载-unload卸载unforgettable难忘的earth-unearth出土freeze-unfreeze解冻known著名的-unknown未知的safe-unsafe不安全的fortunate-unfortunate不幸的important-unimportantcondition-unconditional无条件的usual-unusual 不寻常的willing-unwilling 不情愿的doubted-undoubted无疑的employment-unemployment失业undoubtedly毋庸置疑mis-understand-misunderstand误解use-misuse 误用;滥用lead-mislead 误导trust-mistrust 不信任calculate计算-miscalculate误算fortune-misfortune不幸in-correct-incorrect不正确的ability-inability无能capable-incapable无能力的complete-incomplete不完全的accurate-inaccurate不精确的active-inactive不活跃的human-inhuman不人道的separable-inseparable不可分的justice-injustice不公正formal-informal非正式的visible-invisible不可见的incomparable不可比的expensive-inexpensiveperfection -imperfection不完美experienced-inexperiencedactive-inactive不活跃的accurate-inaccurate不精确的complete-incomplete不完整的intolerant无法忍受的appropriate-inappropriate不合适的infect感染-disinfect消毒accessible-inaccessible不可利用、得到的)il-legal-illegal非法的logical逻辑的-illogical ir-regular-irregular不规则的resistible-irresistible无抵抗力的responsible- irresponsible不负责的replaceable-irreplaceable不可替代的ab-normal-abnormal不正常的present-absent缺席的non-non-existence不存在non-stop直达的nonsense胡说八道anti-(防…,反…, 抗…)anti-shock抗震的anti-cancer抗癌的anti-viral抗病毒的anti-lock防抱死的(刹车装置)anti-noise抗噪的anti-aging防衰老的antioxidant抗氧化剂antibody抗体antifreeze防冻剂2.其他常用前缀micro- (微的)microscope显微镜microwave微波microprocessor微型处理器super- (超级的,极好的)superman超人superior较高的,优越的;上司supermarket超市supernatural超自然的superhero超级英雄superstar超级明星supervise监督,监视trans- (移动,转移)transplant移植transact办理,执行transfer转移transform改变,改造transition过渡translation翻译,转变transmit /transmission传送,传达,传播transparent透明的transport运输(工具)v.transportation 交通n.bi- (双的)bicycle biannual一年两次的bilingual双语的bio- (生物的)biology生物学biologist生物学家biochemistry生物化学biography传记tri- (三)triangle三角形tricycle三轮车triathlon铁人三项semi- (半)semicircle半圆semifinal半决赛multi-(多)multiple多个的,成倍增加,繁殖multicultural多元文化的multimedia多媒体multichannel多渠道multimode多模态multifunction多功能multinational跨国的multiform多形式的tele- (远距离)telegraph/telegram电报telescope望远镜telecommunication远程通讯teleconference电讯会议de-(除去;使分离、减少、降低)degrade使降级decode解码desalt除去盐分devalue贬值deforest砍伐森林deice除冰inter-(相互)international国际的interact互动interactioninteractive互动的interfere干涉interval间隔/隙,中场休息auto- (自动的)automate 使自动化automated自动化的automatic自动的automobile汽车,机动车autonomy自治/主autonomous自治/主的autograph亲笔(签名)autobiography自传re-(重新,再)rewrite重写review复习,回顾recycle再循环reveal揭示,展示retell重述rebuild重建remarry再婚reunite重聚pre-(在前)preview预习pre-school学前post- (在后)post-war战后post-graduate研究生sub-(在下面)subway地铁submarine潜水艇subconscious潜意识sub-company子公司subdivide再分subtropical 亚热带subtitle小标题subspecies亚种群sub- region分区over- (过度,过分;在…之上,凌驾;越过)overwork过度劳累overestimate高估over-speed超速overtake超过,压倒overwhelm压倒,淹没overlook俯视,忽视overcoat外套overnight过夜的;一夜间overage超龄的overcrowded过度拥挤overreact反应过度under- (在…底下;不够,不足)underestimate低估underline下划线underdeveloped不发达的,发育不良的underwear内衣en-使之enjoy enable使能够encourage鼓励endanger使危险enlarge扩大enrich 使丰富eco-生态的ecology生态(学)ecologist生态学家ecological生态的ecosystem生态系统mini-小,少a-在…之上;向…;在…状态minibus微型车miniskirt超短裙asleep alive awake aloud。
高考英语词性转换知识点精编版1.名词转动词名词转动词的方法一般有以下几种:1) 加-ing:常见的词性转换方式就是将名词加上-ing后即可转换为动词,表示正在进行的动作或状态。
例如:truth(名词,真理)→truth-ing(动词,查找真相)2) 加-ize或-ify:有些名词在转换为动词时需要添加-ize或-ify 后缀。
例如:apology(名词,道歉)→apologize(动词,道歉);beauty(名词,美丽)→beautify(动词,美化)3) 加-ize变化:有些名词转动词时直接加-ize后缀。
例如:organize(名词,组织)→organize(动词,组织)2.形容词转副词形容词转副词的方法一般有以下几种:1) 加-ly:常见的词性转换方式就是将形容词加上-ly后即可转换为副词。
例如:quick(形容词,快的)→quickly(副词,快速地)2) 不加后缀:有些形容词可以直接转换为副词,不需要添加后缀。
例如:fast(形容词,快的)→fast(副词,快速地)3.动词转名词动词转名词的方法一般有以下几种:1) 加-ing:常见的词性转换方式就是将动词加上-ing后即可转换为名词,表示该动作的状态或结果。
例如:paint(动词,绘画)→painting(名词,绘画)2) 加-er:有些动词转换为名词时需要添加-er后缀,表示该动词的展现者或从事者。
例如:teach(动词,教)→teacher(名词,教师)3) 加-ion或-ment:有些动词转换为名词时需要添加-ion或-ment后缀。
例如:inform(动词,通知)→information(名词,信息)4.形容词转名词形容词转名词的方法一般有以下几种:1) 加-ness:常见的词性转换方式就是将形容词加上-ness后即可转换为名词,表示该形容词的性质或状态。
例如:kind(形容词,友善的)→kindness(名词,友善)2) 不加后缀:有些形容词可以直接转换为名词,不需要添加后缀。
高考词汇词性变化规律(1):名词类变化1. 以后缀-ce结尾的名词后缀变为以-ent后缀结尾的形容词confidence→confident 自信的difference→different 不同的evidence 证据→evident 明显的independence→independent独立的intelligence智力→intelligent聪明的patience→patient 有耐心的silence→silent 沉默的violence→violent 暴力的2. 以后缀-ency结尾的名词变为以-ent 后缀结尾的形容词emergency →emergent 紧急的fluency →fluent 流利的;流畅的frequency 频率→frequent 频繁的efficiency→efficient 有效率的3. 名词+-y 后缀变为形容词anger→angry 生气的cloud→cloudy 多云的dirt→dirty 脏的dust→dusty 布满尘土的ease→easy 容易的;安易的fog→foggy 有雾的frost→frosty 结霜的;严寒的greed→greedy 贪吃的;贪婪的guilt→guilty 内疚的;有罪的health→healthy 健康的hunger→hungry 饥饿的ice→icy 结冰的mess→messy 杂乱的mist→misty 有雾的noise→noisy 吵闹的;嘈杂的salt→salty 咸的sleep→sleepy 困的snow→snowy 有雪的storm→stormy 暴风雨的sun→sunny 晴朗的taste→tasty 可口的;好吃的thirst→thirsty 渴的;渴望的wealth→wealthy 富有的wind→windy 有风的4. 名词+-ly 后缀变形容词year→yearly 每年的brother→brotherly 兄弟般的day→daily 每天的friend→friendly 友好的month→monthly 每月的quarter→quarterly 每季的week→weekly 每周的5. 名词+-al 后缀变为形容词agriculture→agricultural 农业的benefit→beneficial 有益的commerce→commercial 商业的2 convention→conventional 传统的culture→cultural 文化的environment→environmental 环境的face→facial 表面的music→musical 音乐的nation→national 国家的nature→natural 自然的;天然的office→official 官方的origin→original 原来的profession→professional 专业的season→seasonal 季节的;季节性的society→social 社会的tradition→traditional 传统的6. 名词+-ous 后辍变为形容词adventure→adventurous 冒险的danger→dangerous 危险的humour→humorous 幽默的mountain→mountainous 多山的poison→poisonous 有毒的7. 动词+-er 后缀变为指物的名词cooker 炊具1counter 柜台drawer 抽屉receiver 听筒;话筒speaker 扬声器typewriter 打字机8. 名词加后缀-ician 表示人electrician n.电工magician n.魔术师musician n.音乐家physician n.内科医生politician n.政治家technician n.技术员9. 以-ist 后缀结尾的名词,表示人,...家,...者art→artist 艺术家biology→biologist 生物学家journal→journalist 新闻工作者;记者physics→physicist 物理学家piano→pianist 钢琴家psychology→psychologist 心理学家science→scientist 科学家social→socialist 社会主义者special→specialist 专家tour→tourist 游客10. 以后缀-ology结尾的名词,表示...学archaeology 考古学biology 生物学ecology 生态学geology 地质学psychology 心理学sociology 社会学technology 技术;工艺11. 名词+-ic 后缀结尾,变为形容词drama→dramatic 戏剧(性)的energy→energetic 精力充沛的enthusiasm→enthusiastic 热情的romance→romantic 浪漫的science→scientific 科学的sympathy→sympathetic 同情的12. 名词+-hood 后缀变为名词adult→adulthood 成年boy→boyhood 少年时代brother→brotherhood 手足之情child→childhood 童年man→manhood 男子气概neighbour→neighbourhood邻里;街坊13. 名词+-ship 后缀结尾,变为抽象名词championship 冠头军衔friendship 友谊hardship 困苦;苦难leadership 领导地位;领导才能membership 成员资格relationship 关系scholarship 奖学金高考词汇词性变化规律(2):动词类变化1.动词+后缀-y变为名词deliver→delivery 运送discover→discovery 发现recover→recovery 康复;恢复2.动词+后缀-ing 变为名词begin→beginning开始;开端build→building建筑(物)cross→crossing十字路口end→ending 结局;结尾engine→engineering 工程feel→feeling 感觉hear→hearing 听力market→marketing促销meet →meeting 会议paint→painting 绘画;油画2spend→spending 花销suffer→suffering 苦难train→training 训练;培养3. 动词+后缀-ment变为名词acquire→acquirement n. 取得accomplish→accomplishment 成就achieve→achievement 成就adjust→adjustment 调整;调节amuse→amusement 愉快;快乐;消遣announce→announcement宣告;述说appoint→appointment约会;预约;任命argue→argument 争论arrange→arrangement 安排assess→assessment 评估assign→assignment 分配;任务astonish→astonishment 惊讶develop→development 发展disappoint→disappointment 失望embarrass→embarrassment 尴尬employ→employment 雇用enjoy→enjoyment 享受;欢乐entertain→entertainment 款待;娱乐equip→equipment 设备establish→establishment 建立govern→government 统治;政府improve→improvement 提高judge→judgement 判断move→movement 运动;移动punish→punishment 惩罚settle→settlement 定居;解决state→statement 陈述;说明4. 动词+后缀-ive变为形容词act→active 积极的attract→attractive 吸引人的cooperate→cooperative 合作的impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的protect→protective 保护的relate→relative 相关的sense→sensitive 敏感的object→objective 客观的negative 消极的passive 被动的positive 积极的subjective 主观的5.动词+后缀-able变为形容词accept→acceptable 可接受的adjust→adjustable 可调节的admire→admirable 令人钦佩的afford→affordable 负担得起的change→changeable 易变的comfort→comfortable 舒服的consider→considerable 重要的;相当大的desire→desirable 值得做的;可取的enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的favour→favourable 赞成的;有利的forget→forgettable 健忘的honour→honourable 可敬的;光荣的reach→reachable 可获得的;可达到的reason→reasonable 合理的rely→reliable 可靠的;可信赖的remark→remarkable 不平凡的suit→suitable 合适的understand→understandable可理解的value→valuable 宝贵的6.动词+后缀-ed变为形容词absorb→absorbed专心的;聚精会神的accustom→accustomed 习惯的balance→balanced 平衡的bury→buried 专心的complicate→complicated 复杂的determine→determine坚定的;有决心的devote→devoted 忠实的experience→experienced 有经验的learn→learned 博学的limit→limited 有限的organize→organized 有组织的suppose→supposed 应该的3relate→related 相关的skill→skilled 熟练的unite→united 联合的;统一的7.动词+后缀-ing/+-ed变为形容词amuse→amusing 好笑的;有趣的→amused 愉快的astonish→astonishing 令人惊讶的→astonished 感到惊讶的bore→boring 令人厌烦的→bored 厌烦的confuse→confusing 令人迷惑的→confused 感到迷惑的convince→convincing 令人信服的→convinced 坚信不移的depress→depressing 令人沮丧的→depressed 沮丧的disappoint→disappointed 失望的→disappointing 令人失望的disturb→disturbing 令人不安的;→disturbed 扰乱的;精神失常的embarrass→embarrassing 令人尴的→embarrassed尴尬的excite→exciting 令人兴奋的→excited 兴奋的frighten→frightening 令人害怕的→frightened 害怕的relax→relaxing 使人放松的→relaxed 轻松的satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的→satisfied 对……满意的shock→shocking 令人震惊的→shocked 震惊的surprise→surprising 令人吃惊的→surprised 吃惊的tire→tiring 令人疲劳的→tired 疲劳的8. 动词+后缀-tion变为名词accelerate→acceleration 加速accumulate→accumulation 积累adapt→adaptation 适应;改编addict→addiction 沉溺;嗜好admire→admiration 羡慕advocate→advocation 拥护apply→application 申请appreciate→appreciation 感激;欣赏assume→assumption 假定;设想celebrate→celebration 庆祝classify→classification 分类;归类combine→combination 联合congratulate→congratulation 祝贺construct→construction 建筑物consume→consumption 消费contradict→contradiction 反驳contribute→contribution 贡献cooperate→cooperation 合作correct→correction 改正;纠正create→creation 创造;创建declare→declaration 宣言;公告decorate→decoration 装饰decorate→decoration 装饰determine→determination 决心digest→digestion 消化elect→election 竞选;选举erupt→eruption 火山爆发evaluate→evaluation 评估exhibit→exhibition 展览;展览会expect→expectation 期望;期待fascinate→fascination 魅力;入迷graduate→graduation 毕业graduate→graduation 毕业hesitate→hesitation 犹豫;踌躇imagine→imagination 想象immigrate→immigration 迁移;移居indicate→indication 指示;暗示infect→infection 传染interrupt→interruption 中断object→objection 反对occupy→occupation 占领;占据organize→organization 组织pollute→pollution 污染predict→prediction 预言prepare→preparation 准备protect→protection 保护4recommend→recommendation 推荐;介绍reflect→reflection 思考;反映regulate→regulation 规则;规章reject→rejection 拒绝;抛弃relax→relaxation 放松satisfy→satisfaction 满意;满足starve→starvation 挨饿;饿死substitute→substitution 代替;取代translate→translation 翻译transport→transportation 交通9.动词+后缀-ure变为名词press→pressure 压力please→pleasure 乐事;快乐expose→exposure 暴露;揭发fail→failure 失败mix→mixture 混合物10.动词+后缀-sion变为名词admit→admission 容许;承认permit→permission 允许impress→impression 印象express→expression 表情;表达revise→revision 复习possess→possession 拥有conclude→conclusion 结论confuse→confusion 困惑;混淆decide→decision 决定11.动词/形容词+后缀-ance变为名词guide→guidance 指导tolerate→tolerance 宽容ignore→ignorance 无知;愚昧appear→appearance 出现important→importance 重要(性) elegant→elegance 优雅大方assist→assistance 援助resist→resistance 抵抗guide→guidance 指导annoy→annoyance 恼怒高考词汇词性变化规律(3)形容词类变化1. 形容词+后缀-ity变为名词electric→electricity 电;电流;电学equal→equality 平等major→majority 大多数popular→popularity 受欢迎;流行real→reality 现实secure→security 安全similar→similarity 相似点2. 以后缀-ity结尾的高频名词cruelty 残忍diversity 多样性necessity 必需品;需要possibility 可能性security 安全similarity 相似(性)3. 形容词+后缀-en变为动词bright→brighten 使愉快;使明亮broad→broaden 加宽;拓宽dark→darken 使变暗deep→deepen 加深;使变深fright→frighten (使)惊吓hard→harden 使变硬light→lighten 使变轻long→lengthen 加长loose→loosen (使)变松;放松;松开quick→quicken 加快ripe→ripen 变成熟;使成熟sharp→sharpen 磨快;使锋利short→shorten 变短;缩短soft→soften 使变软strong→strengthen 加强weak→weaken 使变弱wide→widen 加宽;拓宽4. 形容词+后缀-th 变为名词deep→depth深;深处5grow→growth成长long→length长;长度strong→strength力量true→truth真理warm→warmth温暖wide→width宽度5. 形容词+后缀-ness变为名词aware→awareness 意识careless→carelessness 粗心大意conscious→consciousness 知觉dark→darkness 黑暗eager→eagerness 渴望happy→happiness 幸福;高兴kind→kindness 仁慈;好意lonely→loneliness 孤独rude→rudeness 粗鲁sad→sadness 悲哀;悲伤sick→sickness 疾病weak→weakness 弱点;虚弱willing→willingness 愿意6. 以后缀-ious 结尾的形容词ambitious 有雄心的;野心勃勃的cautious 小心的;谨慎的conscious 有意识的envious 忌妒的;猜忌的mysterious 神秘的religious 宗教上的;虔诚的7. 以后缀-ical结尾的形容词economical 经济的;节约的electrical 与电有关的historical 与历史有关的logical 逻辑的magical 神奇的;像变魔术似的musical 音乐的;悦耳的political 政治的8. 形容词+后缀-ly变为副词fluent→fluently 流利地frequent→frequently 频繁地;经常地actual→actually 实际上entire→entirely 完全;全部地gradual→gradually 逐渐地fortunate→fortunately 幸运地final→finally 最后extreme→extremely 极其词性变化规律(4):反义词词性变化之反义词1.动词→前缀dis-+动词agree→dis agree 不同意appear→dis appear 消失appoint→dis appoint 使失望approve→dis approve 反对;不赞成comfort→dis comfort 使不舒适cover→dis cover 发现like→dis like 不喜欢2.形容词→前缀in- +形容词accurate→in accurate 不精确的adequate→in adequate 不充分的appropriate→in appropriate不合适的expensive→in expensive便宜的experienced→in experienced 经验不足的3.形容词→前缀im-+形容词patient→im patient 不耐心的polite→im polite 没礼貌的possible→im possible 不可能的practical→im practical 不实用的proper→im proper 不合适的4.形容词→前缀un- +形容词变able→un able 不能的aware→un aware 不知道的believable→un believable不可相信的certain→un certain 不确定的clear→un clear 不清楚的comfortable→un comfortabl不舒服的6common→un common 不常有的conscious→un conscious 失去知觉的fair→un fair 不公平的forgettable→un forgettable 难忘的fortunate→un fortunate 不幸的fit→un fit 不合适的friendly→un friendly 不友好的happy→un happy 不高兴的;不幸福的known→un known 无名的likely→un likely 不可能的lucky→un lucky 不幸的necessary→un necessary 不必要的pleasant→un pleasant 不愉快的fortunate→un fortunate 不幸的important→un important 不重要的usual→un usual 不寻常的willing→un willing 不情愿的5.名词→名词+后缀-less 构成的形容词aim→aim less无目的的care→care less粗心大意的count→count less无数的doubt→doubt less无疑的end→end less无尽的harm→harm less无害的help→help less无助的home→home less无家可归的hope→hope less无希望的job→job less 失业的limit→limit less无限的rest→rest less不安的use→use less无用的6.动词→前缀mis-+动词构成的动词take→mis take 误会understand→mis understand 误解use→mis use 误用;滥用lead→mis lead 误导trust→mis trust 不信任高考词汇词性变化规律(5):其他变化类型归纳1. 使动用法“前缀en-+形容词/名词”变为动词,表示“使...”rich→enrich 使充实able→enable 使能够large→enlarge 使扩大sure→ensure 确保;担保danger→endanger 使……遭遇危险title→entitle 给……起题目/命名courage→encourage 鼓励2. 含前缀fore-的单词,表示“前,提前”forecast vt. 预报;预测foresee vt. 预见;预料;预知foreword n. 前言forehead n. 额头forearm n. 前臂forehead n. 额头forearm n. 前臂forecast vt. 预报foresee vt. 预见;预知foreword n. 前言foretell v. 预言;预示3. 加后缀-ward表示方位词,表示“向...”southward 向南northward 向北eastward 向东westward 向西upward 向上backward 向后4. 以后缀-ify 结尾的动词simple→simplify 简化beauty→beautify 美化pure→purify 净化identity→identify 鉴定;识别出7class→classify 分类5. re-前缀+动词变为动词,表示“再;又”cycle→recycle 再利用;回收利用use→reuse 重新使用build→rebuild 重建write→rewrite 重写tell→retell 复述6. 男女有别steward 乘务员;服务员stewardess 女乘务员waiter 男服务员waitress 女服务员actor 男演员actress 女演员host 男主人hostess 女主人7. 现在分词/过去分词用作介词或连词assume→assuming 假设;假定(连词)include→including 包含;包括(介词)suppose→supposing 假设;假如(连词)provide→provided/providing 假设;如果consider→considering 鉴于;考虑到(连词)concern→concerning 关于(介词)give→given考虑到(介词)8。
高考词汇词性变化规律:动词类变化词性变化之动词类1.动词+后缀-y变为名词deliver —delivery 运送discover —discovery 发现recover — recovery 康复;恢复2.动词+后缀-ing变为名词begin —beginning 开始;开端build —building 建筑〔物〕cross—crossing 十字路口end—ending 结局;结尾engine —engineering 工程feel—feeling 感觉hear—hearing 听力market — marketing 促销meet —meeting 会议paint —painting 绘画;油画spend—spending 花销suffer—suffering 苦难train—training 练习;培养3.动词+后缀-ment变为名词acquire —acquirement n.取得accomplish —accomplishment 成就achieve —achievement 成就adjust —adjustment 调整;调节amuse—amusement 愉快;快乐;消遣announce —announcement 宣告;述说appoint —appointment 约会;预约;任命argue—argument 争论arrange —arrangement 安排assess —assessment 评估assign —assignment 分配;任务astonish —astonishment 惊讶develop —development 开展disappoint —disappointment 失望embarrass —embarrassment 为难employ —employment 雇用enjoy—enjoyment 享受;欢乐entertain —entertainment 款待;娱乐equip—equipment 设备establish —establishment 建立govern —government 统治;政府improve —improvement 提升judge—judgement 判断move - movement 运动;移动punish -punishment 惩罚settle-settlement 定居;解决state-statement 陈述;说明4.动词+后缀-ive变为形容词act-active 积极的attract -attractive 吸引人的cooperate -cooperative 合作的impress -impressive给人印象深刻的protect - protective 保护的relate -relative 相关的sense-sensitive 敏感的object-objective 客观的negative消极的passive被动的positive积极的subjective 主观的5.动词+后缀-able变为形容词accept —acceptable 可接受的adjust —adjustable 可调节的admire —admirable 令人钦佩的afford —affordable 负担得起的change —changeable 易变的comfort —comfortable 舒服的consider —considerable 重要的;相当大的desire—desirable值得做的;可取的enjoy—enjoyable令人愉快的favour—favourable赞成的;有利的forget —forgettable 健忘的honour — honourable 可敬的;荣耀的reach — reachable可获得的;可到达的reason —reasonable 合理的rely—reliable可靠的;可信赖的remark — remarkable 不平凡的suit—suitable 适宜的understand —understandable 可理解的value —valuable 珍贵的6.动词+后缀-ed变为形容词absorb—absorbed专心的;聚精会神的accustom —accustomed 习惯的balance —balanced 平衡的bury—buried 专心的complicate —complicated 复杂的determine —determined 坚决的;有决心的devote —devoted 忠实的experience —experienced 有经验的learn—learned 博学的limit—limited 有限的organize —organized 有组织的suppose —supposed 应该的relate —related 相关的skill—skilled 熟练的unite—united联合的;统一的7.动词+后缀-ing/ + -ed变为形容词amuse—amusing好笑的;有趣的—amused愉快的astonish —astonishing 令人惊讶的—astonished 感到惊讶的bore — boring 令人厌烦的—bored 厌烦的confuse —confusing 令人迷惑的—confused 感到迷惑的convince —convincing 令人信服的—convinced 坚信不移的depress —depressing 令人沮丧的—depressed 沮丧的disappoint —disappointed 失望的—disappointing 令人失望的disturb—disturbing 令人不安的;引起烦恼的—disturbed 扰乱的;精神失常的embarrass —embarrassing 令人为难的一embarrassed 为难的excite—exciting 令人兴奋的—excited 兴奋的frighten —frightening 令人害怕的—frightened 害怕的relax — relaxing使人放松的—relaxed轻松的satisfy—satisfying 令人满意的—satisfied 对满意的shock—shocking 令人震惊的—shocked 震惊的surprise —surprising 令人吃惊的—surprised 吃惊的tire—tiring令人疲劳的—tired疲劳的8.动词+后缀-tion变为名词accelerate —acceleration 加速accumulate —accumulation 积累adapt—adaptation 适应;改编addict—addiction 沉溺;嗜好admire —admiration 羡慕advocate —advocation 拥护apply—application 申请appreciate —appreciation 感谢;欣赏assume —assumption 假定;设想celebrate —celebration 庆祝classify—classification 分类;归类combine —combination 联合congratulate —congratulation 祝贺construct —construction 建筑物consume —consumption 消费contradict —contradiction 反驳contribute —contribution 奉献cooperate —cooperation 合作correct —correction 改正;纠正create—creation 创造;创立declare —declaration 宣言;公告decorate —decoration 装饰decorate —decoration 装饰determine —determination 决心digest —digestion 消化elect—election 竞选;选举erupt—eruption 火山爆发evaluate —evaluation 评估exhibit—exhibition 展览;展览会expect —expectation 期望;期待fascinate —fascination 魅力;入迷graduate —graduation 毕业graduate —graduation 毕业hesitate —hesitation 犹豫;踌躇imagine —imagination 想象immigrate —immigration 迁移;移居indicate —indication 指示;暗示infect—infection 传染interrupt —interruption 中断object—objection 反对occupy —occupation 占领;占据organize —organization 组织pollute —pollution 污染predict —prediction 预言prepare —preparation 准备protect — protection 保护recommend —recommendation 推荐;介绍reflect—reflection 思考;反映regulate —regulation 规那么;规章reject — rejection 拒绝;抛弃relax — relaxation 放松satisfy —satisfaction 满意;满足starve—starvation 挨饿;饿死substitute —substitution 代替;取代translate —translation 译transport —transportation 交通9.动词+后缀-ure变为名词press — pressure 压力please—pleasure 乐事;快乐expose —exposure 暴露;揭发fail—failure 失败mix—mixture 混合物10.动词+后缀-sion变为名词admit—admission 容许;成认permit — permission 允许impress —impression 印象express —expression 表情;表达revise —revision 复习possess —possession 拥有conclude —conclusion 结论confuse —confusion 困惑;混淆decide —decision 决定11.动词/形容词+后缀-ance变为名词guide—guidance 指导tolerate —tolerance 宽容ignore—ignorance 无知;愚昧appear—appearance 出现important —importance 重要〔性〕elegant —elegance 优雅大方assist —assistance 援助resist— resistance 反抗guide—guidance 指导annoy—annoyance 恼怒10。