(新课标)高考英语一轮讲义：必修3 unit 4 astronomy：the science of the stars(含答案)

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars

1．astronomy(n.) 天文学

2．system(n.) 系统；体系；制度

3．theory(n.) 学说；理论

4．atmosphere(n.) 大气层；气氛

5．fundamental(adj.) 基本的；基础的

6．thus(adv.) 因此；于是

7．puzzle(vt.& vi.) (使)迷惑；(使)为难

(n.) 谜；难题

8．gentle(adj.) 温和的；文雅的

9．crash(vi.& vt.) 碰撞；坠落

10．pull(n.& vt.) 拉(力)；拖；牵引力

11．float(vi.& vt.) (使)浮动；(使)漂浮

(n.) 漂浮物

12．violent(adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence(n.)暴力→violently(adv.)暴力地；猛烈地

13．unlike(prep.)不同；不像→like(vt.)喜欢；(prep.)相像的→likely(adj.)可能的

14．harmful(adj.)有害的→harm(n.& v．)伤害→harmless (adj.)无害的

15．exist(vi.)存在；生存→existence (n.)存在；生存

1．prevent...from... 阻止……

2．lay_eggs 下蛋

3．in_one’s_turn 轮到某人；接着

4．get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解

5．watch_out 密切注视；当心；提防

6．depend_on 依靠

7．in_time 及时，终于

8．give_birth_to 产生；分娩

9．cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋

10．now_that 既然

11．break_out 突发；爆发

1．What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its

surface.

更为重要的是，当地球冷却下来时水开始在地球表面出现了。

名师指津：what引导主语从句。

例句仿写：她告诉我，那个时候她需要的就是一些好运气。

What_was_needed at that time，she told me，was some good luck.

2．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

名师指津：whether...or not是否……

例句仿写：他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清楚。

It’s not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or_not.

3．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell

over.

而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

名师指津：“twice as＋形容词原级＋as”是倍数表达法之一。

例句仿写：仔细研究地图后，我发现这个村庄是那个村庄的两倍大。

I find this village is twice_as_large_as that one after studying the map carefully.

4．This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.

这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

名师指津：句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to develop。

例句仿写：这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开。

The two girls are so alike that strangers find_it_difficult_to_tell one from the other.

5．“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”

“天哪，”我大声说。“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”

名师指津：now that“由于；既然”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。

例句仿写：你既然得到了一个机会，不妨充分利用它。

Now_that_you’ve_got_a_chance，you might as well make full use of it.

exist vi.存在，生存

教材原句P26：They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.

它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。

(1) exist in...存在于……之中exist on...靠……为生there exists...某地有……；存在……

(2) come into existence产生；成立；开始存在in existence存在

①(牛津P697)They can’t exist_on_the money he’s earning.

他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。

②There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。

③As is known to us，China came_into_existence as an independent country in 1949.

众所周知，在1949年中国以一个独立的国家存在了。

harmful adj.有害的

(牛津P803)Experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth.专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。

(1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害

(2) do harm to sb.do sb.harm 对某人有害

(3)There is no harm in doing sth./It does no harm to do sth.

做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)

①Air pollution will get worse and this will be_harmful to people，for example，it can cause cancer.空气污染会加剧，而且这会对人们造成危害，例如，它可以引发癌症。

②(2018·陕西卷信息匹配)Pets are amusing and entertaining，but we are in a way doing animals harm

by making them live in a human environment.宠物好玩有趣，但我们从某种程度上让他们生活在人的环境是在伤害他们。

③As far as I’m concerned，there_is_no_harm in making an apology to him first.就我个人而言，先向他道歉没有什么坏处。

puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困；感到迷惑；n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜

(2018·江西阅读理解)But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really

puzzled him.但是他难以抑制自己的好奇心，并且这台新电脑确实让他很迷惑。

(1)puzzle sb.使某人为难

be puzzled by被……迷惑

puzzle about/over sth.苦苦思索；仔细琢磨 (2)be in a puzzle about sth.对某事迷惑不解

(3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的

puzzled adj.感到困惑的

①It_puzzles_scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.这些生物是如何在这样艰难的条件下存活的，这使科学家很疑惑。

②The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。

③Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。

pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力

(牛津P1604)The police car signalled to us to pull in.

警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。

pull down拆毁；摧毁

pull in(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠

pull out驶出；退出

pull through康复；痊愈

①No matter how much you feel the pull of the past，make a determined effort to look to the future.

不管对过去有多么留恋，你也要下定决心往前看。

②They are pulling_down those houses to make room for a new hotel.为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。

Ⅰ.用括号内词的适当形式填空

1．Everyone was a bit________(puzzle) by her sudden departure.

答案： puzzled

2．I consider that it is________(harm) for students to play computer games，though some of them

don’t think so.

答案： harmful

3．Some believe in the________(exist) of life on Mars，while others consider it as a myth.

答案： existence

4．It’s________(like) him to be late；he’s usually on time.