2020年高考英语一轮复习讲义 第1部分 必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars

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Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars

[单词 拼写应用]

核心单词

1．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛

2．solar adj.太阳的；日光的

3．thus adv.因此；于是

4．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的

5．climate n．气候

6．crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落

7．pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力

8．float vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮

n．漂浮物

9．system n．系统；体系；制度

10．theory n．学说；理论

[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．A truck went out of control and crashed (crash) into the back of a bus.

2．He found something floating (float) on the lake，which frightened him.

3．However，he was the gentlest (gentle) man I have ever known.

4．When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled (pull) up a chair.

5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)We are looking at the benefits of systems (system) which

control their speed as a way of preventing that.

拓展单词

1．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的

2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地 2 3．like vt.喜欢 prep.像→dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌→likely adj.可能的→unlike

prep.与……不同；不像

4．harm n．& vt.伤害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的

5．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存

6．puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n．谜；难题→puzzled adj.感到困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的

7．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的

8．biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家

9．react v．反应→reaction n．反应；回应

[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．There was a puzzled look on the little girl's face because a puzzling problem

puzzled her.(puzzle)

2．Last night we had a discussion，which became more and more violent．Finally

we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever

happens.(violent)

3．Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health，but it

is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it

up.(harm)

4．He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects

others' religious freedom.(religion)

5．Unlike me，my younger brother，a tall and strong young man，likes playing

basketball very much.It is likely that he will become a Yao Ming in the future.(like)

阅读词汇

1．fundamental adj.基本的；基础的

2．chain n．链子；连锁；锁链

3．acid n．酸

4．multiply v．乘；增加

5．gravity n．万有引力；重力

6．exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽

7．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星 3 8．spaceship n．宇宙飞船

9．astronomy n．天文学

10．carbon n．碳

拓展联想

1.un-前缀高频形容词集锦

①unlike不像的

②unfair 不公平的

③unimportant 不重要的

④unusual 不寻常的

⑤unhappy 不幸福的

⑥unfortunate 不幸运的

⑦unnecessary不需要的

2.以-ful 结尾的形容词

①harmful 有害的

②useful 有用的

③helpful 有帮助的

④powerful 强大的

⑤careful 小心的

⑥forgetful健忘的

⑦sorrowful悲伤的

3.后缀-ist名词荟萃

①biologist生物学家

②tourist 旅游者；游客

③physicist 物理学家

④scientist 科学家

⑤psychologist 心理学家

⑥specialist专家

⑦artist艺术家

熟词生义

你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗？ 4 1．(2017·浙江卷)Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it

as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now. 停车

2．As we know，Japan，made up of a chain of islands that lie off the coast of

Asia，is a country where natural disasters occur frequently.

一系列；一连串

3．Small businesses are finding it hard to survive in the present economic

climate. 环境

[短语 多维应用]

高

频

短

语 1.in_time及时；终于

2．prevent_...from 阻止；制止

3．now_that 既然

4．cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋

5．lay_eggs 下蛋

6．give_birth_to 产生；分娩 [语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空。

①Now_that we all understand that the

haze is harmful to our health，we

should take effective measures to ②prevent it ③from getting from bad to

worse.No matter what happens，we

must ④cheer_up and try to reduce the

pollution.If we keep on，we'll succeed

⑤in_time.

高

频

短

语 7.in_one's_turn 轮到某人

8．watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防

9．depend_on 依靠；取决于

10．break_out 突发；爆发

11．block_out 挡住(光线)

12．get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解

13．at_midnight 在午夜 [语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空。

A fire ⑥broke_out in the building last

night.Luckily，the firefighters arrived

in time and put out the fire.We were

warned to ⑦watch_out_for electricity

and gas when cooking our

meals.Thanks to the firefighters' help，we were not injured.They are the men

that we can ⑧depend_on when we are

in trouble.

5 拓

展

联

想 1．表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃

①watch out (for)

小心；当心

②look out 当心

③take care 小心 ④be careful 小心

2．“v....from”表“阻止，禁止”短语

①discourage sb.from

doing sth. ②stop/prevent sb.from

doing sth.

③ban sb.from doing sth.

④keep sb.from doing

sth.

[句式 结构仿写]

教材原句背诵 句式仿写应用

1.whether...or not 是否……。

The earth became so violent that it

was not clear whether the shape

would last or not. 他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清楚。

It's not clear whether they are able to

arrive at an agreement through

communication or_not.

2.make it ＋adj.＋to do sth.。

This produced a chain reaction，which

made it possible for life to develop. 我精通英语，这使我更容易找到一份好工作。

I have a good command of English，which

makes_it_easier_for_me_to_find a good

job.

3.倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as。

But when I tried to step forward，I

found I was carried twice as far as on

the earth and fell over. 我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信我这次能成功。