2019年雅思阅读：True False Not Given reading questions

雅思阅读题型分析与练习第一节True/False/Not Given(正误及无关判断题型)原文:Hurricanes have winds of at least 74 miles per hour.题目:Hurricanes are winds with the speed of up to 74 miles per hour.原文:The Mayans also showed their respect for hurricanes by building their major settlements away from the hurricane-prone coast-line.题目:The Mayans lost many of their major settlements because of hurricanes.原文：Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise.题目：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.【例】1原文：Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all Daybreak tours are subject to demand. Subject to availability, stand by tickets can be purchased from the driver.题目：Tickets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent.【例】2原文：Frogs are sometimes poisonous.题目：Frogs are usually poisonous.【例】3原文：But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized.题目：The Antwerp Games proved that winter sports were too specialized.【例】4原文：The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users.题目：The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.【例】1原文：Our computer club provides printer.题目：Our computer club provides color printer.【例】2原文：His aim was to bring together, once every four years, athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport.题目：Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics.【例】3原文：In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates and pockets.题目：There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past.Example:题目：The parents of top athletes have often been successful athletes themselves.文章：No one theory can explain improvements in performance, but the most important factor has been genetics. The athletes must choose his parents carefully. ……Example:题目：There was little improvement in athletic performance before the twentieth century.文章：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects…….【例】：原文: And the future? It is anticipated that, in the years to come, leisure spending will account for between a third to a half of all household spending, whilst it is difficult to give exact figures, the leisure industry will certainly experience a long period of sustained growth.题目: In future, people will pay less for the leisure facilities they use than they do today.【例】原文: Healthcare providers diagnose insomnia in several ways. One way is to categorize insomnia by how often it occurs. Another way is to identify the insomnia by what is causing the sleep deprivation. The two main types of insomnia have been described as Primary Insomnia and Secondary Insomnia. Primary Insomnia is a chronic condition with little apparent association with stress or a medical problem. The most common form of primary insomnia is psychophysiological insomnia. Secondary insomnia is caused by symptoms that accompany a medical condition such as anxiety, depression or pain.题目: Secondary insomnia is far more common than Primary insomnia.【例】：原文: Working hours are not expected to decrease, partly because the 24-hour society will need to be serviced; and secondly, because more people will be needed to keep the service/leisure industries running. In the coming decades, the pace of change will accelerate generating greater wealth at a faster rate than ever before. Surveys show that this is already happening in many parts of Europe. The south-east of England, for example, is now supposedly the richest area in the EEC. The ‘leisure pound’ is one of the driving forces behind this surge.题目: The 24-hour society will have a negative effect on people’s attitudes to work.【例】：原文: The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economic trends in the European Community show that Europe’s population is falli ng and getting older. The birth rate in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacement of the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted thatmore than one in four Europeans will be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-year period between 1983 and 1988 the Community’s female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% of all women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% of men.题目: The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a positive trend.【例】：原文: I would suggest that foxes pose a greater problem, yet there is no passionate public campaign to oust foxes, presumably because it is obvious we can never eliminate the millions of wild foxes in Australia. Yet the same common sense thinking is not applied to cats. It is thought instead that, if everyone would only spay their cats, string bells around their necks and keep them in at night, cats would no longer kill wildlife. But what of the millions of feral cats in our deserts and woodlands? They are the bigger problem, but they are no more controllable than foxes or cane toads.题目: The author believes that all wild foxes should be killed.【例】：原文: In the last 20 years, scientists have detected an increasing variety of toxic contaminants in the North, including pesticides from agriculture, chemicals and heavy metals from industry, and even radioactive fall-out from Chernobyl. These are substances that have invaded ecosystems virtually worldwide, but they are especially worrisome in the Arctic.题目: Industry in the Arctic has increased over the last 20 years.【例】：原文: Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one swallowed, snorted (such as cocaine powder) or even injected.题目: Snorted substances reach the brain faster than injected substances.【例】：原文: Nearly half the world’s population will ex perience critical water shortages by 2025, according to the United Nations (UN). Wars over access to water are a rising possibility in this century and the main conflicts in Africa during the next 25 years could be over this most precious of commodities, as countries fight for access to scarce resources.题目: Some African countries are currently at war over water resources.【例】：原文: Hydroelectric power is at present the earth’s chief renewable electricity source, generating 6% of global energy and about 15% of worldwide electricity. Hydroelectric power in Canada is plentiful and provides 60% of their electrical requirements. Usually regarded as an inexpensive and clean source of electricity, most big hydroelectric projects being planned today are facing a great deal of hostility from environmental groups and local people.题目: Canada uses the most hydroelectric power in the world today.练习：Exercise A Questions 1——9Do the statements below agree with the information in the sentence above them? WriteTRUE if the statement agrees with the information in the textFALSE if the statement contradicts the information in the textNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say whether the statement agrees with or contradicts the information in the text1.Many lecturers find their jobs very rewarding．A Many lecturers are well paid．B All lecturers get something positive from their work．C The majority of lecturers get satisfaction from their workputers are gaining in popularity，despite their cost．A Computers are getting cheaperB Computers are expensiveC Computers used to be more popular than they are now3.As a result of increasing affluence，an ever larger number of families now have two cars．A Most families nowadays have two carsB People are getting richer。

False
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ⅳ.阅读文章中为人们对某件事物的主观看法或感受， 题目中却转化为客观事实。
例1
原文 During those years, most local people believed that keeping butterflies could make a lot of money.
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Aim; object; objective; goal; aim at 目标 Purpose; motive; intention 目的 Hope; wish; desire; dream 愿望 Swear; pledge; vow; promise 誓言
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题目 The spectators, as well as participants, of the ancient Olympics, were male.
True
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例2： 原文 Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise [di`mais](死亡，终止). 题目 Biologist are unable to explain why frogs are dying.
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ⅳ. 在阅读文章中为人的目标、目的、愿望、誓言等 的内容，在题目中成为了现实。
如果在阅读文章中发现一件事情为某人的目标、愿望 或誓言，那么能确认的，仅仅是此人曾经梦想或发誓 要做这件事情，至于此人是否真的做成此事，文章中 没有给出相关信息，此事自然也无从确认。这种情况 下，如果题目中说此人的梦想或誓言已经成为现实， 则答案只能是Not Given。常见的表示目标、目的、 愿望、誓言的词语有：

2019年7月20日雅思阅读考试真题及答案最近的雅思考试难度越来越大，真题是大家主要参考的内容，那么7月20号的考试是怎样的呢？今天就跟着一起来看看2019年7月20日雅思阅读考试真题及答案。

P1 Solving an Arctic Mystery 北极科考船（2014.10.25旧题）文章主旨：对北极科考船失踪事件的调查。

包含判断7，填空6参考答案：判断1-4：1. TRUE2. NOT GIVEN3. FALSE4. FALSE5. NOT GIVEN6. FALSE7.TRUE填空8-13：8. geology9. sonar10. manufactured11.water12.engines13.stories参考原文：TORONTO （AP）- One of two British explorer ships that disappeared in the Arctic more 160 years ago has been found，Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced Tuesday. The HMS Erebus and HMS Terror were last seen in the late 1840s. Canada announced in 2008 that it would search for the ships ledby British Arctic explorer Sir John Franklin.Harper， speaking in Ottawa， said it remains unclear which ship has been found，but images show there＇s enough information to confirm it＇s one of the pair.Franklin and 128 hand-picked officers and men vanished on an expedition begun in 1845 to find the fabled Northwest Passage. Franklin＇s disappearance prompted one of history＇s largest and longest rescue searches， from 1848 to 1859， which resulted in the passage＇s discovery.The route runs from the Atlantic to the Pacific through the Arctic archipelago. European explorers sought the passage as a shorter route to Asia， but found it rendered inhospitable by ice and weather.＂This is truly a historic moment for Canada，＂ said Harper，who was beaming， uncharacteristically. ＂This has been a great Canadian story and mystery and the subject of scientists，historians，writers and singers so I think we really have an important day in mapping the history of our country.＂Harper＇s government began searching for Franklin＇s ships as it looked to assert Canada＇s sovereignty over the Northwest Passage，where melting Arctic ice has unlocked the very shipping route Franklin was after.The original search for the ships helped open up parts of the Canadian Arctic for discovery back in the 1850s. Harper said the ship was found Sunday using a remotely operated underwater vehicle. The discovery comes shortly after a team of archeologists found a tiny fragment from the Franklin expedition. Searchers discovered an iron fitting that once helped support a boat from one of the doomed expedition＇s ships in the King William Island search area.Franklin＇s vessels are among the most sought-after prizes in marine archaeology. Harper said the discovery would shed light on what happened to Franklin＇s crew.Tantalizing traces have been found over the years，including the bodies of three crewmen discovered in the 1980s.The bodies of two English seamen - John Hartnell， 25， and Royal Marine William Braine， 33 - were exhumed in 1986. An expedition uncovered the perfectly preserved remains of a petty officer， John Torrington， 20， in an ice-filled coffin in 1984.Experts believe the ships were lost in 1848 after they became locked in the ice near King William Island and that the crews abandoned them in a hopeless bid to reach safety.The search for an Arctic passage to Asia frustrated explorers for centuries，beginning with John Cabot＇s voyage in 1497. Eventually it became clear that a passage did exist， but was too far north for practical use. Cabot， the Italian-British explorer，died in 1498 while trying to find it and the shortcut eluded other famous explorers including Henry Hudson and Francis Drake. No sea crossing was successful until Roald Amundsen of Norway completed his trip from 1903-1906.P2 蜂王（英文标题待补充）文章主旨：待补充参考答案：待补充参考原文：待补充P3 Nature works for Nature Works™PLA新型塑料（2017.10.14旧题）文章主旨：对一种新型塑料的特性的介绍参考答案：判断27-30：27. B28. C29. F30. A填空（流程图）31-34：31. starch32. fermentation33. condensation34. polymer单选35-38：35. B36. C37. A38. D单选39-40：39. A40. C参考原文：AA dozen years ago，scientists at Cargill got the idea of converting lactic acid made from corn into plastic while examining possible new uses for materials produced from corn wet milling processes. In the past，several efforts had been made to develop plastics from lactic acid，but with limited success. Achieving this technological breakthrough didn’t come easily， but in time the efforts did succeed. A fermentation and distillation process using com was designed to create a polymersuitable for a broad variety of applications.BAs an agricultural based firm， Cargill had taken this product as far as it could by 1997. The company needed a partner with access to plastics markets and polymerization capabilities， and began discussions with The Dow Chemical Company. The next step was the formation of the joint venture that created Cargill Dow LLC. Cargill Dow’s product is the world’s first commercially available plastic made from annually renewable resources such as com：Nature Works™ PLA is a family of packaging polymers （carbon-based molecules）made from non-petroleum based resources.Ingeo is a family of polymers for fibers made in a similar manner.CBy applying their unique technology to the processing of natural plant sugars，Cargill Dow has created a more environmentally friendly material that reaches the consumer in clothes，cups，packaging and other products. While Cargill Dow is a stand-alone business，it continues to leverage the agricultural processing， manufacturing and polymer expertise of the two parent companies in order to bring the best possible products to market.DThe basic raw materials for PLA are carbon dioxide and water. Growing plants， like com take these building blocks from the atmosphere and the soil. They are combined in the plant to make carbohydrates （sucrose and starch） through a process driven by photosynthesis. The process for making Nature Works PLA begins when a renewable resource such as corn is milled，separating starch from the raw material. Unrefined dextrose， inturn， is processed from the starch.ECargill Dow turns the unrefined dextrose into lactic acid using a fermentation process similar to that used by beer and wine producers. This is the same lactic acid that is used as a food additive and is found in muscle tissue in the human body. Through a special condensation process，a lactide is formed. This lactide is purified through vacuum distillation and becomes a polymer （the base for NatureWorks PLA） that is ready for use through a solvent-free melt process. Development of this new technology allows the company to “harvest” the carbon that living plants remove from the air through photosynthesis. Carbon is stored in plant starches，which can be broken down into natural plant sugars. The carbon and other elements in these natural sugars are then used to make NatureWorks PLA.FNature Works PLA fits all disposal systems and is fully compostable in commercial composting facilities. With the proper infrastructure， products made from this polymer can be recycled back to a monomer and re-used as a polymer. Thus， at the end of its life cycle， a product made from Nature Works PLA can be broken down into its simplest parts so that no sign of it remains.GPLA is now actively competing with traditional materials in packaging and fiber applications throughout the world； based on the technology’s success and promise，Cargill Dow is quickly becoming a premier player in the polymers market. This new polymer now competes head-on with petroleum-based materials like polyester. A wide range of products that vary inmolecular weight and crystallinity can be produced，and the blend of physical properties of PLA makes it suited for a broad range of fiber and packaging applications. Fiber and non-woven applications include clothing，fiberfill，blankets and wipes. Packaging applications include packaging films and food and beverage containers.HAs Nature Works PLA polymers are more oil- and grease-resistant and provide a better flavor and aroma barrier than existing petroleum-based polymers，grocery retailers are increasingly using this packaging for their fresh foods. As companies begin to explore this family of polymers，more potential applications are being identified. For example，PLA possess two properties that are particularly useful for drape fabrics and window furnishings. Their resistance to ultraviolet light is particularly appealing as this reduces the amount of fading in such fabrics， and their refractive index is low， which means fabrics constructed from these polymers can be made with deep colors without requiring large amounts of dye. In addition， sportswear makers have been drawn to the product as it has an inherent ability to take moisture away from the skin and when blended with cotton and wool， the result is garments that are lighter and better at absorbing moisture.IPLA combines inexpensive large-scale fermentation with chemical processing to produce a value-added polymer product that improves the environment as well. The source material for PLA is a natural sugar found in plants such as com and using such renewable feedstock presents several environmental benefits. As an alternative to traditional petroleum-based polymers，theproduction of PLA uses 20%-50% less fossil fuel and releases a lower amount of greenhouse gasses than comparable petroleumbased plastic；carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is removed when the feedstock is grown and is returned to the earth when the polymer is degraded. Because the company is using raw materials that can be regenerated year after year， it is both cost competitive and environmentally responsible.。

2019年10月26日雅思阅读考试真题及答案雅思的最新一期考试，在上周末进行，大家对自己的考试有信心吗？跟着店铺来一起看看2019年10月26日雅思阅读考试真题及答案。

Passage1：蝴蝶保护色Copy your neighbour参考答案：A THERE’S no animal that symbolises rainforest diversity quite as spectacularly as the tropical butterfly. Anyone lucky enough to see these creatures flitting between patches of sunlight cannot fail to be impressed by the variety of their patterns. But why do they display such colourful exuberance？Until recently， this was almost as pertinent a question as it had been when the 19th-century naturalists，armed only with butterfly nets and insatiable curiosity，battled through the rainforests. These early explorers soon realised that although some of the butterflies’ bright colours are there to attract a mate， others are warning signals. They send out a message to any predators：“Keep off，we’re poisonous.” And because wearing certain patterns affords protection， other species copy them. Biologists use the term “mimicry rings” for these clusters of impostors and their evolutionary idol.B But here’s the conundrum. “Classical mimicry theory says that only a single ring should be found in any one area，” explains George Beccaloni of the Natural History Museum，London. The idea is that in each locality there should be just the one pattern that best protects its wearers. Predators would quickly learn to avoid it and eventually all mimetic species in a region should converge upon it. “The fact that this is patently not the case has been one of the major problems in mimicryresearch，” says Beccaloni. In pursuit of a solution to the mystery of mimetic exuberance， Beccaloni set off for one of the megacentres for butterfly diversity， the point where the western edge of the Amazon basin meets the foothills of the Andes in Ecuador. “It’s exceptionally rich，but comparatively well collected，so I pretty much knew what was there，says Beccaloni.” The trick was to work out how all the butterflies were organised and how this related to mimicry.”C Working at the Jatun Sacha Biological Research Station on the banks of the Rio Napo， Beccaloni focused his attention on a group of butterflies called ithomiines. These distant relatives of Britain’s Camberwell Beauty are abundant throughout Cen tral and South America and the Caribbean. They are famous for their bright colours， toxic bodies and complex mimetic relationships. “They can comprise up to 85 per cent of the individuals in a mimicry ring and their patterns are mimicked not just by butterflies， but by other insects as diverse as damselflies and true bugs，” says Philip DeVries of the Milwaukee Public Museum’s Center for Biodiversity Studies.D Even though all ithomiines are poisonous，it is in their interests to evolve to look like one another because predators that learn to avoid one species will also avoid others that resemble it. This is known as Miillerian mimicry. Mimicry rings may also contain insects that are not toxic， but gain protection by looking likes a model species that is： an adaptation called Batesian mimicry. So strong is an experienced predator’s avoidance response that even quite inept resemblance gives some protection. “Often there will be a whole series of species that mimic， with varying degrees of verisimilitude， a focal or model species，” says John Turner from the University of Leeds.“The results of these deceptions are some of the most exquisite examples of evolution known to science.” In addition to colour，many mimics copy behaviours and even the flight pattern of their model species.E But why are there so many different mimicry rings？ One idea is that species flying at the same height in the forest canopy evolve to look like one another. “It had been suggested since the 1970s that mimicry complexes were stratified by flight height，” says DeVries. The idea is that wing colour patterns are camouflaged against the different patterns of light and shadow at each level in the canopy，providing a first line of defence against predators.” But the light patterns and wing pat terns don’t match very well，” he says. And observations show that the insects do not shift in height as the day progresses and the light patterns change. Worse still， according to DeVries， this theory doesn’t explain why the model species is flying at that particular height in the first place.F “When I first went out to Ecuador，I didn’t believe the flight height hypothesis and set out to test it，” says Beccaloni.”A few weeks with the collecting net convinced me otherwise. They really flew that way.” What he didn’t accept，however，was the explanation about light patterns. “I thought，if this idea really is true， and I can work out why， it could help explain why there are so many different warning patterns in any one place. Then we might finally understand how they could evolve in such a complex way.” The job was complicated by the sheer diversity of species involved at Jatun Sacha. Not only were there 56 ithomiine butterfly species divided among eight mimicry rings，there were also 69 other insect species，including 34 day-flying moths and a damselfly，all in a 200-hectare study area. Like many entomologists before him，Beccaloni used a large bag-like net to capture his prey. This allowed him to sample the 2.5 metres immediately above the forest floor. Unlike many previous workers， he kept very precise notes on exactly where he caught his specimens.G The attention to detail paid off. Beccaloni found that the mimicry rings were flying at two quite separate altitudes. “Their use of the forest was quite distinctive，” he recalls. “For example，most members of the clear-winged mimicry ring would fly close to the forest floor， while the majority of the 12 species in the tiger-winged ring fly high up.” Each mimicry ring had its own characteristic flight height.H However， this being practice rather than theory， things were a bit fuzzy. “They’d spend the majority of their time flying at a certain height. But they’d also spend a smaller proportion of their time flying at other heights，” Beccaloni admits. Species weren’t stacked rigidly like passenger jets waiting to land， but they did appear to have a preferred airspace in the forest. So far，so good，but he still hadn’t explained what causes the various groups of ithomiines and their chromatic consorts to fly in formations at these particular heights.I Then Beccaloni had a bright idea. “I started looking at the distribution of ithomiine larval food plants within the canopy，” he says. “For each one I’d record the height to which the host plant grew and the height above the ground at which the eggs or larvae were found. Once I got them back to the field station’s lab， it was just a matter of keeping them alive until they pupated and then hatched into adults which I could identify.”1-5. E、B、G 、F 、D6-E、TRUE、NOT GIVEN、FALSE、NOT GIVEN、TRUE12-13. D、BPassage2： CRS企业社会责任感参考答案：The moral appeal---arguing that companies have a duty to be good citizens and to “do the right thing” ---is prominent in the goal of Business for Social Responsibility，the leading nonprofit CSR business association in the United States.A An excellent definition was developed in the 1980s ‘‘ Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” The notion of license to operate derives from the fact that every company needs tacit or explicit permission from governments，communities， and numerous other stakeholders to do business. Finally， reputation is used by many companies to justify CSR initiatives on the grou nds that they will improve a company’s image， strengthen its brand，enliven morale， and even raise the Value of its stock.B To advance CSR， we must root it in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a corporation and society. To say broadly that business and society need each other might seem like a cliché， but it is also the basic truth that will pull companies out of the muddle that their current corporate-responsibility thinking has created. Successful corporations need a healthy society. Education，health care，and equal opportunity are essential to a productive workforce. Safe products and working conditions not only attract customers but lower the internal costs of accidents. Efficient utilization of land， water， energy， and other natural resources makes business more productive. Good government， the rule of Jaw， and property rights are essential for efficiency and innovation. Any business that pursues its endsat the expense of the society in which it operates will find its success to be illusory and ultimately temporary. At the same time，a health society needs successful companies. No social program can rival the business sector when it comes to creating the jobs，wealth，and innovation that improve standards of living and social conditions over time.C A company’s impact on society also changes over time，as social standards evolve and science progresses. Asbestos，now understood as a serious health risk， was thought to be safe in the early 1900s， given the scientific knowledge then available. Evidence of its risks gradually mounted for more than 50 years before any company was held liable for the harms it can cause. Many firms that failed to anticipate the consequences of this evolving body of research have been bankrupt by the results. No longer can companies be content to monitor only the obvious social impacts of today. Without a careful process for identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow，firms may risk their very survival.D No business can solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost of doing so. Instead， each company must select issues that intersect with its particular business. Corporations are not responsible for all the world＇s problems， nor do they have the resources to solve them all. Each company can identify the particular set of societal problems that it is best equipped to help resolve and from which it can gain the greatest competitive benefit. Addressing social issues by creating shared value will lead to self-sustaining solutions that do not depend on private or government subsidies. When a well-run business applies its vast resources，expertise，and management talent to problems that it understands and in which it has a stake， it canhave a greater impact on social good than any other institution or philanthropic organization.E The best corporate citizenship initiatives involve far more than writing a check： they specify clear， measurable goals and track results over time. A good example is GE’s program to adopt underperforming public high schools near several of its major U.S. Facilities. The company contributes between $250，000 and $1 million over a five-year period to each school and makes in-kind donations as well GE managers and employees take an active role by working with school administrators to assess needs and mentor or tutor students. The graduation rate of these schools almost doubled during this time period. Effective corporate citizenship initiatives such as this one create goodwill and improve relations with local governments and other importan t constituencies. What’s more，GE’s employees feel great pride in their participation. Their effect is inherently limited though. No matter how beneficial the program is，it remains incidental to the company＇s business， and the direct effect on GE’s recrui ting and retention is modest.F Microsoft is a good example of a shared-value opportunity arising from investments in context. The shortage of information technology workers is a significant constraint on Microsoft’s growth，currently，there are more than 450，000 unfilled IT positions in the United States alone. Community colleges，representing 45% of all U.S. Undergraduates， could be a major solution. Microsoft recognizes，however，that community colleges face special challenges：IT curricula are not standardized， technology used in classrooms is often outdated，and there are no systematic professional development programs to keep faculty up to date. In addition to contributing money andproducts，Microsoft sent employee volunteers to colleges to assess needs，contribute to curriculum development，and create faculty development institutes. Note that in this case，volunteers and assigned staff were able to use their core professional skills to address a social need， a far cry from typical volunteer programs. Microsoft has achieved results that have benefited many communities while having a direct-and potentially significant-impact on the company.G At the heart of any strategy is a unique value proposition：a set of needs a company can meet for its chosen customers that others cannot. The most strategic CSR occurs when a company adds a social dimension to its value proposition， making social impact integral to the overall strategy Consider Whole Foods Market， whose value proposition is to sell organic， natural，and healthy food products to customers who are passionate about food and the environment. Whole Foods’ commitment to natural and environmentally friendly operating practices extends well beyond sourcing. Stores are constructed using a minimum of virgin raw materials. Recently，the company purchased renewable wind energy credits equal to 100% of its electricity use in all of its stores and facilities， the only Fortune 500 Company to offset its electricity consumption entirely. Spoiled produce and biodegradable waste are trucked to regional centers for composting. Whole Foods’ vehicles are being converted to run on biofuels. Even the cleaning products used in its stores are environmentally friendly. And through its philanthropy， the company has created the Animal Compassion Foundation to develop more natural and humane ways of raising farm animals. In short，nearly every aspect of the company’s value chain reinforces the social dimensions of its valueproposition， distinguishing Whole Foods from its competitors.V、 viii、 iv、 vii、 i、iii、 iiequal opportunity、internal costC、C、 A、 BPassage3：沙漠造雨参考答案：A. Sometimes ideas just pop up out of the blue. Or in Charlie Paton’s case，out of the rain. “I was in a bus in Morocco travelling through the desert，” he remembers. “It had been raining and the bus was full of hot， wet people. The windows steamed up and I went to sleep with a towel against the glass. When I woke， the thing was soaking wet. I had to wring it out. And it set me thinking. Why was it so wet？”B. The answer， of course， was condensation. Back home in London，a physicist friend，Philip Davies，explained that the glass，chilled by the rain outside，had cooled the hot humid air inside the bus below its dew point， causing droplets of water to form on the inside of the window. Intrigued， Paton-a lighting engineer by profession-started rigging up his own equipment. “I made my own solar stills. It occurred to me that you might be able to produce water in this way in the desert，simply by cooling the air. I wondered whether you could make enough to irrigate fields and grow crops.”C. Today， a decade on， his dream has taken shape as giant greenhouse on a desert island off Abu Dhabi in the Persian Gulf ---the first commercially viable Version of his “seawater greenh ouse”. Local scientists，working with Paton under a license from hiscompany Light Works， are watering the desert and growing vegetables in what is basically a giant dew-making machine thatproduces fresh water and cool air from sum and seawater. In awarding Paton first prize in a design competition two years ago，Marco Goldschmied，president of the Royal Institute of British Architects，called it “a truly original idea which has the potential to impact on the lives of millions of people living in coastal water-starved areas around the world.”seawater greenhouse as developed by Paton has three main both air-condition the greenhouse and provide water for front of the greenhouse faces into the prevailing wind so that hot dry air blows in through a front wall is made of perforated cardboard kept moist by a constant trickle of seawater pumped up from purpose is to cool and moisten the incoming desert cool moist air allows the plants to grow faster. And，crucially， because much less water evaporates from the leaves，the plants need much less moisture to grow than if they were being irrigated in the hot dry desert air outside the greenhouse.air-conditioning of the interior of the greenhouse is completed by the second feature：the roof. It has two layers：an outer layer of clear polyethylene and an inner coated layer that reflects infrared radiation. This combination ensures that visible light can steam through to the plants， maximizing the rate of plant growth through photosynthesis but at the same time heat from the infrared radiation is trapped in the space between the layer， sand kept away keep the air around the plants cool.F. At the lack of the greenhouse sits the third elements. This is the main water production ，the air hits a second moist cardboard wall that increases its humidity as it reaches the condenser，which finally collects from the hot humid air the moisture for irrigating the condenser is metal surface kept cool by still more seawater. It is the equivalent of the window onPaton’s Morcoccan s of pure distilled water form on the condenser and flow into a tank for irrigating the crops.Abu Dhai greenhouse more or less runs ors switch everything on when the sun rises and alter flows of air and seawater through the day in response to changes in temperature，humidity， and windless days，fans ensure a constant flow of air through the greenhouse. “Once it is tuned to the local environment，you don’t need anyone there for it to work” says Paton. “We can run the entire operation off one 13-amp plug， and in the future we could make it entirely independent of the grid，powered from a few solar panels.”ics point out that construction costs of around $4 a square foot are quite illustration， however， Paton presents that it can cool as efficiently as a 500-kilowatt air conditioner while using less than 3 kilowatts of electricity. Thus the plants need only an eighth of the Volume of water used by those grown conventionally. And so the effective cost of desalinated water in the greenhouse is only a quarter that of water from a standard desalinator， which is good economics. Beside it really suggests an environmentally - friendly way of providing air conditioning on a scale large enough to cool large greenhouses where crops can be grown despite the high outside temperatures.27-31：YES、NO、YES、NOT GIVEN、 NO32-36：hot dry air、moist、heat、condenser、pure distill water37-40：fans、solar panels、construction costs、environmentally-friendly。

2019年雅思听力真假题(True/False)的练习方法-精选word文档本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思听力真假题(True/False)的练习方法雅思听力真假题属于常考题型，很多同学都认为此类题型很简单，但从实际情况来看，往往得分率最低的就是此类题目，为此小编特收集整理雅思听力真假题练习方法，分享给大家，希望对大家有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。

通常真假题的选择是 True / False / Not mentioned 或 Accurate / Inaccurate / Not Given 请熟悉以下一些字句，不要因搞不清意思而答错问题- must - usually - certainly - can / may only - absolutely essential - can - should - necessary to - need to - should not - will - wont - unnecessary to - need not - it is optional - may - might - have to - sometimes - it is possible - yet - always - cannot - not required to - strictly prohibited - never - could - often - ought to - dont have to - but - however - an exception is - on the other hand - must not有时候，您认为最有把握听得出来的答案往往有错。

如您不小心听清楚的话，只差一两个字意思便会刚刚相反，有时候，讲者讲出来的跟答案完全一样，但要是您不留心还是会出错，请看以下例子：问题： The Macintosh computer network can only be used A I N by second and third year students .声带内容： The Macintosh computer network is reserved for second and third year students only ... 考生听到这里为止会认为答案是对的，但句子的后部是：... unless you are a first year student of the Graphic Design course . 因此作答时要小心，不要分神。

题型特点
2. 顺序原则
几乎所有的判断题都是严格遵守“顺序原则”的，也就 是说题目的顺序与文章的顺序是一致的。
3. 只考细节
判断题属于细节题，因此几乎不需要考生对上下文的理 解并进行推断，但不能根据自己的背景知识直接判断。 不是对文章大意的把握，而是找到与题目相关的原文， 根据原文的信息进行解题。
4. 同义转换
选择错误的情况
5. 原文提供多种可能而题目仅一种，多伴随绝对词。 原文是两个或多个情形（通常是两种情形）都可以，常 有both…and、and、or及also等词。题目是“必须”或 “只有”其中一个情况，常有must及only等词。例： 原文：Pubs are the venue for smaller modern bands, while the big-name popular music artists, both local and international, attract capacity audiences at the huge Entertainment Center in the heart of the city. 题目：The Entertainment Center is only for international popular music artists who attract large audiences.
选择错误的情况
6. 原文为某事物的理论或人们对某事物的主观感 觉，题目则强调是客观事实或已经被证明。 原文强调的是一种理论或主观感觉，常有feel, consider, theory 等词，而题目强调的是一种事 实，常有fact, prove 等词。例： 原文：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding cycles of frogs. 题目：It is a fact that frogs’ breeding cycles are upset by worldwide increases in temperature.

英语判断正误题
正误题型(True / false /not given)
该题型还涉及到：(not given / not mentioned)没有提到，有时还会出现下列提法accurate / inaccurat精确/不精确；supported / contradicted 一致/不一致。

correct / incorrect正确与不正确。

辨别正误题型属于难度较大的题型。

通常在阅读测试中的第三或第四部分出现。

在规定的时间内如不能完成某一组题，留出一分钟，用逻辑方法猜测答案做答。

这一方法在回答辨别正误(True; false; notgiven)题型时很有效。

逻辑猜题在IELTS测试中是答题的一个很关键的方法。

事实上由于时间的限制，很多题是通过此方法求出的。

雅思阅读辨别正误题答题步骤：
1. 详细阅读并理解答题指引部分，确定答题方式。

2. 确切理解问句的含义，严格按照文章本身意思理解和推断，不要想当然。

3. 找出问句中的关键词语。

4. 利用关键词语在文章中确定答案位置。

5. 仔细查看文章中关键词语所在句子中的含义。

必要时应查看关键词语所在句子前后句子的含义。

认真区分false和notgiven，false与原文相反、相冲突；not give则不相冲突，但未提及。

6.可利用语法、词法判断答案所在相关句子的肯定与否定含义。

雅思阅读判断题not given类型雅思阅读中的判断题有三种类型，分别是True/False/Not Given，Yes/No/Not Given和Matching，其中Not Given是最常见的一种类型。

在Not Given题型中，题目所提到的信息在原文中既没有明确的支持也没有明确的否定，被认为是无法确定的（Not Given）。

在回答这类题目时，阅读理解是非常重要的。

首先，仔细阅读题目，确保理解题目要求。

然后，找到题目中的关键词，这些词通常是题目中的实体名词或者专有名词。

接下来，利用这些关键词找到原文中涉及到的相关信息。

最后，判断这些信息是否能够确定与题目相符或者相反，如果没有明确的支持或者否定，就选择Not Given。

以下是一个示例的Not Given题目：题目：Research indicates that urban dwellers are more likely to suffer from respiratory diseases.原文：Studies have shown that air pollution is a major cause of respiratory diseases in urban areas.解析：题目中提到了urban dwellers（城市居民）和respiratory diseases（呼吸道疾病），原文中也涉及到了相关信息，即air pollution（空气污染）是城市地区呼吸道疾病的主要原因。

然而，原文没有提到urban dwellers是否更有可能患上呼吸道疾病，因此无法确定答案，选择Not Given。

通过理解题目要求，找到关键词，寻找相关信息，判断是否能够确定与题目相符或者相反，就能够准确回答Not Given题目。

雅思阅读基础
第三节
判断题（TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN）
题型特点： 1.考查对文章细节的把握 2.在文章中为正序分布 3.题目要求的书写形式会不一致 4.三种答案一般都会存在

考点词
考点词分类： 1.是非判断考点词：位于题干的表语或谓语上 2.表示绝对范围和程度的考点词：only, most, all,最高级 形式,always, anyone, never… 3.比较关系考点词：对比和类比，比较双方是定位词， 考点词是比较的内容 4.数字，时间考点词 5.因果关系考点词：结果为定位词，原因为考点词

Homework
源自剑3 test1 P2、P3, test2 P1、P3, test3 P1、P2、P3, test4 P1、 P2 剑4 test1 P1, test2 P1、P2, test3 P1, test4 P1、P2、P3 剑5 test1 P1、P2、P3, test2 P1、P2、P3, test3 P1、P2、P3, test4 P1、P2、P3 剑6 test1 P2, test2 P1、P3, test3 P1、P2、P3, test4 P1、P2 剑7 test1 P2、P3, test2 P1、P2、P3, test3 P1、P3 ,test4 P1、 P2 剑8 test1 P2, test2 P1, test3 P1、P2、P3, test4 P1、P2、P3

判断题（TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN）
如何区分FALSE和NOT GIVEN？ 3.NOT GIVEN所遵循的的几个原则和技巧： 1）题目中的定位词文章中根本没有提到 2）原文重现了题干的定位词，但是没有考点词 e.g.原文：The material collected includes great technical series-for instance, of textile from Bolivia, Indonesia and areas of West Africa. 题目：The textile collections of the department of ethnography is the largest in the world.

雅思阅读Ture/False/Not given(判断题解题技巧)1. 题型要求题目是若干个陈述句，要求根据原文所给的信息，判断每个陈述句是对(Ture)、错(False)、还是未提及(Not Given)。

这种题型的难度在于，在对和错之外还有第三种状态：未提及。

很多同学难以区分“错”和“未提及”。

实际上，这种题型本身有一定的缺陷，即不严密。

有些题目很难自圆其说，比如6道题中，可能会有1-2题英语老师也解释不清，在实际考试中，他们也可能将它们做错。

但大多数题目还是有规律可循的，同学们应认真阅读下面讲的方法和规律，争取做对大多数的题目。

这种题型，A类考试每次考1-2组，共5-10题左右。

G类考试一般考3组，20题左右，最多的一次超过30题。

所以，G类考生更应重视此种题型。

2. 解题步骤STEP 1：定位，找出题目在原文中的出处。

(1)找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。

(2)从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其它关键词，在原文中找出与题目相关的一句或几句话。

(3)仔细阅读这一句话或几句话，根据第二大步中的原则和规律，确定正确答案。

(4)要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。

第一题的答案应在文章的前部，第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。

这个规律也有助于大家确定答案的位置。

STEP 2：判断，根据下列原则和规律，确定正确答案。

1. True第一种情况：题目是原文的同义表达。

通常用同义词或同义结构。

例 1：原文：Few are more than five years old.译文：很少有超过五年的。

题目：Most are less than five years old.译文：大多数都小于五年。

解释：题目与原文是同义结构，所以答案应为True。

第二种情况：题目是根据原文中的几句话做出推断或归纳。

不推断不行，但有时有些同学会走入另一个极端，即自行推理或过度推理。

例 1：原文：Compare our admission inclusive fare and see how much you save. Cheapest is not the best and value formoney is guaranteed. If you compare our bargain Daybreak fares, beware--------most of our competitorsdo not offer an all inclusive fare.译文：比较我们包含的费用会看到你省了很多钱。

一、考题解析P1 新闻消息是如何传播的P2 栅栏P3 美国工作压力二、名师点评1. 本次考试难度偏低。

2. 整体分析：涉及三篇人文社科类文章本场考试可能让很多小伙伴对我们的阅读放心了心，毕竟相比我们12号那场考试，整体难度降了下来，但是，倒是雅思听力上了热搜榜。

让很多小朋友叫苦不迭。

这三篇阅读总体来说难度低的很善良，有一篇还是之前考过的原题。

题型也是大家熟悉的几大题型搭配。

总之就是只要你用心准备，在前一个阶段把该刷的题目都刷了，该背的词汇都背了，基本是没有什么问题的。

3.主要题型：涉及判断题、填空题、配对题、heading、选择等。

4.文章分析：第一篇文章主要讲关于信息传递的内容；第二篇文章讲述栅栏的作用有关内容；第三篇介绍关于就业的相关内容5.部分答案及参考文章：Passage 1：题材：人文社科类题目：新闻消息是如何传播的文章难度：三颗星文章：待补充参考答案：1. letters2. legal3. religious4. distribution5. songs6. journalists7. advertising8. FALSE9. TRUE10. NOT GIVEN11. TRUE12. FALSE13. FALSE可以参考剑桥雅思真题：C9 T3 P3 （Information Theory—The Big Idea）Passage 2：题材：人文社科类题目：栅栏文章难度：三颗星文章：待补充题型：heading 7题+填空题 4题+选择 2题可以参考剑桥雅思真题：C12 T8 P1 （The History of Glass）Passage 3：题材：人文社科题目：美国工作压力文章难度：三颗星参考答案和文章待补充可以参考剑桥雅思真题：C8 T3 P3 （HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK）三、考试预测1. 2019年9月的考试基本已经接近了尾声，通过这几场的考试来看，目前题目的整体难度一直是趋向于稳定，没有出现大段大段配对题的情况，所以总体来说对大家是非常友善的。

2019年雅思阅读是非判断题的涵义-word范文模板本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读是非判断题的涵义判断题是雅思阅读考试中最经典、最常见、也是难度颇大的一类题型。

很多考生面对这一类题都有心理上的恐惧。

除了偶尔会有定位困难的问题之外，让考生最头疼的问题是即使能够准确定位，也经常会在判断上出错，以致功亏一篑。

这里最大的一个症结是许多考生未能充分理解 TRUE ， FALSE ， NOT GIVEN 这三个判断词的内在涵义及其区别，尤其在 FALSE 和 NOT GIVEN 的不同点上很多人只是一知半解。

笔者在这篇文章中主要就这三个词涵义上的差别谈一下浅见。

首先，我们来看 TRUE 的涵义。

题目选 TRUE 的情况一般不难判断。

当题目和原文对应的信息表述一致时，此题即判断为 TRUE 。

这里所谓的表述一致有两个层面的判断：一、主题信息要对等;二、句中关于主题信息的论述和说明也要一致。

因为任何英语句子，其句义无非就是两个方面：主题以及对主题的说明，所以只要这两点符合，即可判断为 TRUE ，试举一例说明：题目： In the past , Australians had a higher opinion of doctors than they do today .原文： The high standing of professionals , including doctors , has been eroded as a consequence .定位完成后先看主题信息的对应，题目中医生在原文中能找到对应，而澳大利亚人虽然原文中没有对应，但从前句的信息来判断，原文的范围确实是在澳大利亚。

主题信息对应上了，接着就看两者对主题的论述是否一致了。

题目说过去人们对医生有更高的评价，言下之意也就是说现在的评价下降了，而原文中的 has been eroded 正是此意，两者完全匹配，所以选 TRUE 。

True False Not Given；Yes No Not Given说明作者自己的观点、主张——赞成、反对或没有表明态度——或确认对文章内容的理解——正确、错误、或是没有答案。

True False Not Given题型注重考察事实，Yes No Not Given题型注重考察观点。

这一点也在提醒考生，不能够把两者混为一谈，因此在答题纸上该写什么写什么，千万不能够写错。

在这种题型的翻译过程中，要牢记下面三大前提：●不要逐字翻译●不要钻牛角尖●不要用过于专业的背景知识解题步骤：步骤一：在浏览三篇文章的时候，大致扫视一下True False Not Given题目的数量，以便确定下面要采用的解题策略。

尤其要注意标出那些带有时间、数字、大写字母的题目，这些题目是回到文章中定位其他题目的向导。

步骤二：当开始解答True False Not Given题目时，先从刚才标注的题目下手，确定其在文章中的位置，然后再定位其它题目。

因为在雅思阅读考试中，True False NotGiven题目出题时一般遵循这样两大原则：●一段一个按顺序●每题都有对应点我们可以把容易定位的题目作为参照物，以此大致找出不好定位的题目的位置。

步骤三：细读每道题目的题干，准确翻译，并且与文章中对应的词语进行比较、判断解题。

看起来简单的第三步，做起来恰恰是最难的。

下面从三个方面来讲应该按照什么样的标准来判断一道题目到底是True，False，Not Given。

True的标尺●同义词替换型文章中句型结构是A+B+C，而题目变成A’+B’+C’，即用同义词替换掉原文中的一些关键字，一般这样的题目应该选T。

例如：原文：The problem is that such socialist political agendas are extremely expensive to implement and maintain…题目：Policies in support of the concept of awelfare society are costly.题目以Policies替换原文中的socialist political agendas，用costly替换原文中的expensive，其它的成分基本没有变化，这是一个典型的替换型T。