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爱尔兰英⽂导游词爱尔兰英⽂介绍Republic of Ireland⽤英语介绍爱尔兰As far as tourist appeal goes, the small island of Ireland punches far above its own weight. The country is so packed with delights that visitors are often reduced to describing its charms in hyperbolic clichés: it is the greenest country, full of the friendliest people, all of whom would be geniuses if they weren't distracted by the lure of the pub.Ireland is indeed a green country - so much rainfall must have its benefits - and the people are justifiably renowned for their friendliness. As for the geniuses, well, the Irish will proudly point to their four Nobel Laureates for Literature and declare that the success rate is unmatched in any other country of its size, all the while ensuring that the sacred 'round' system (where everyone buys a drink for everyone else in turn) is strictly adhered to.Yet Ireland's charms run far deeper than the legendary craic of the pub or the accomplishments of a bunch of (mostly) dead writers. It has a remarkable history that is woven into virtually everything, from the prehistoric stone monuments of the Boyne Valley to the monuments honouring its fallen patriots, men and women who dared challenge the imperious might of its longtime occupier and contemporary friend, Britain.It has a vibrant and dynamic capital, Dublin, which has spearheaded a stunning period of economic growth that has seen the country transformed from rural backwater to the envy of Europe. As a result, the Irish have grown in worldliness that continues to propel them to greater heights of achievement. Even the thorniest issue of all - Northern Ireland - has seen a kind of resolution and Ireland looks to the future with untrammelled confidence.位于欧洲西部的爱尔兰岛南部。
![Ireland[原创!]英语国家概况.爱尔兰](https://uimg.taocdn.com/4c9741e4f111f18582d05a04.webp)
第十一章Part Two The Republic of Ireland爱尔兰共和国地理与历史 Geography and History不列颠群岛由两大岛屿和几百座小岛组成。
两大岛屿是大不列颠和爱尔兰岛。
爱尔兰也因其乡村绿荫而被称为绿宝石岛。
爱尔兰分为两个政治区域：北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国。
北爱尔兰是联合王国的一部分。
爱尔兰共和国是个独立国家。
The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Ireland is also called the Emerald Isle because ot its rich green countryside. Ireland is divided into two political units. They are Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Northern Island is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland (Eire) is an independent country.I.Geographical Features地理特征爱尔兰共和国的面积为70，282平方公里。
与北爱尔兰接壤的边界为434公里。
The Republic of Ireland covers an area of 70,282 sq.its land border with Northern Ireland is 434 km.首都是都柏林，The capital is Dublin.爱尔兰一直被比作盆地，内有海滨高地围起的石灰岩高原。
海洋性气候影响全国。
![Ireland[原创]英语国家概况.爱尔兰](https://uimg.taocdn.com/937bd06e5727a5e9856a618c.webp)
Chapter 12 Ireland TodayI. Political Structure 政治体制Ireland is a parliamentary republic and a unitary统一的s tate under the 1937 Constitution. The Constitution is theoretically 理论上applicable适用于to the whole of Ireland. Citizens of Northern Ireland are also considered citizens and can run for office 竞选in the South. The Republic of Ireland consists of 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland.根据1937年的宪法，爱尔兰是议会制共和国是中央集权国家。
理论上讲，此宪法适用于整个爱尔兰岛，北爱尔兰公民也被视为共和国公民，能够竞选南方的职位。
爱尔兰共和国由爱尔兰岛的32个郡中的26个郡组成。
1. Executive power 行政权suffrage 直接投票任期七年He sommons or dissolves the Oireachtas议会(Parliament); signs and promulgate s 颁布laws; appoints judges, the prime minister and other members of the cabinet;内阁and heads the defence forces.武装部队In addition, he has the right to refer提交certain bills to the Supreme Court for a decision on their constitutionality符合宪法and refer certain bills to the people by referendum. 全民公决The president is advised and assisted in his duties by the Council of State.国家委员会他召集或解散议会；签署和颁布法律；任命法官、首相和其他内阁成员；统率武装部队。
第十一章Part Two The Republic of Ireland爱尔兰共和国地理与历史 Geography and History不列颠群岛由两大岛屿和几百座小岛组成。
两大岛屿是大不列颠和爱尔兰岛。
爱尔兰也因其乡村绿荫而被称为绿宝石岛。
爱尔兰分为两个政治区域：北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国。
北爱尔兰是联合王国的一部分。
爱尔兰共和国是个独立国家。
The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Ireland is also called the Emerald Isle because ot its rich green countryside. Ireland is divided into two political units. They are Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Northern Island is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland (Eire) is an independent country.I.Geographical Features地理特征爱尔兰共和国的面积为70，282平方公里。
与北爱尔兰接壤的边界为434公里。
The Republic of Ireland covers an area of 70,282 sq.its land border with Northern Ireland is 434 km.首都是都柏林，The capital is Dublin.爱尔兰一直被比作盆地，内有海滨高地围起的石灰岩高原。
海洋性气候影响全国。
IrelandIreland is a European country, its capital is Dublin, and the population of Ireland is about 4.2million, the national flower is White clover. Its climate including: mild climate humid and typical temperate oceanic climate.Ireland is an island, it lies at northwestern Europe, it is about 70282KM ². It is a green country. The whole land is surrounded by small hills. Irish longest river is River Shannon, and other Rivers and more short. The land was divided into two parts by River Life, the southern area and the northern one.From AD5, Ireland has ever been invaded by Dane, Norman, and British. The longest reign, the most cruel exploitation and oppression, the history of Ireland were the most affected British colonist invasion. But,Strong and brave Irish people never succumbs to British rule, they try every means to fight for national independence. Southern Ireland 26 County independent, but Northern Ireland 6 counties were still British rule. Real estate bubble is Ireland's debt crisis the initiator of evil. With the real estate bubble burst, coupled with the impact of the international financial tsunami, Ireland's 5 bigbanks are on the verge of bankruptcy. The Irish government shortly before that, due to salvage their five big banks may be the highest cost 50000000000 Euros, is expected in 2010 fiscal deficit rose to gross domestic product ( GDP ) 32%, public debt will account for 100% of GDP. The real estate industry abducted bank, bank and kidnapped government, it is the sovereign debt crisis behind the simple logic.Ireland have many outstanding scientists, such as George Bernard Shaw (In 1925 the Nobel Prize for Literature), William Butler Yeats (In 1923the Nobel Prize for Literature),Samuel Beckett (In 1969 the Nobel Prize for Literature), Seamus Heaney (In 1995 the Nobel Prize for Literature).Music in Irish culture occupies an important position, the Irish harp is typical of the traditional musical instruments, and its shape was chosen as patriotic emblem logo, that music in Ireland occupies the extremely important position. So here are also many famous bands, such as U2, Westlife,The Cranberries and many others. Irish writers are imaginative as well, such as Jonathan Swift and James Joyce.Irish culture is very unique. It originated from the Celt culture, mainly by literature, music, dance and traditional sports. Irish Men’s traditional costume is dress.Ireland is loyal to love; you can get married but not allowed to divorce here.The Catholic is Irish mainly religion.Ireland is a tourist attraction.In winter, wind and rain are frequent. June is the best tourist season, the rain is less and the temperature is maintained at 15℃.Ireland has two kind of special wine is worthwhile to taste, one of them is a 700 historical Irish whiskey ( Irish Whiskey ) and another one is single taste sweet crown the Baileys Irish Cream ( Baileys ).Ireland's traditional diet is very similar to the British.Family eating is simple, including potato, vegetable, and beef. Bread is the staple food of the Irish.The people in Ireland are simple and honest. If you want to be free, and only enjoy yourself, I think you can have a visit to Ireland.。
爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒爱尔兰曾经孕育了古凯尔特文明。
罗马帝国灭亡后，爱尔兰教会甚至一度能够和正统的罗马教会分庭抗礼( “圣诞树”这个习俗实际上就是来自于凯尔特教会)。
从16-17世纪开始，英格兰的诸个王朝就开始征服爱尔兰。
资产阶级革命后，克伦威尔派兵镇压爱尔兰人起义，大量屠杀信仰天主教的当地居民。
1801年，爱尔兰正式并入了联合王国的一部分。
在英国统治下，一方面爱尔兰始终没有如英格兰那样发展起工业；另一方面，随着大量移民的涌入，人口激增和土地兼并成为主要的问题。
大部分地主都居住在英格兰，高达人口8成的小农大部分是天主教徒。
他们为了养活自己，不得不大量种植土豆，导致爱尔兰的农作物高度单一。
这些都为后来的大饥荒埋下了伏笔。
从1845年开始，一种名为“晚疫病”的瘟疫席卷了爱尔兰，导致了大部分土豆腐烂。
7年间，爱尔兰人口减少了1/4，逃亡海外者高达100万人。
这场空前的饥荒于是又被称为“马铃薯饥荒”(Irish Potato Famine)。
这场灾难对爱尔兰的影响实在过于深远，以至于爱尔兰史的研究都被分成“饥荒前”和“饥荒后”两个时段。
印欧语系（Indo-European family），世界上分布区域最广的语系，使用者几乎遍及整个欧洲、美洲、澳洲，还有亚洲和非洲的部分地区。
印欧语系包括约443种（SIL统计）语言和方言。
而以某一种印欧语言为自己母语的人，加起来有15亿以上。
伦敦当地下层阶级的口音是非常土的，比较有名的是东伦敦地区的Cockney口音，也就是《两杆大烟枪》里面经常出现的（口音最重的是那父子俩）。
一般来说受到教育的人不会说这种口音。
他们说的是比较纯正的Received Pronunciation，比如托尼·布莱尔在国会发表演讲时的口音，又比如BBC的播音员的口音。
但是随着时代发展，这种观点也在受到非常强的挑战。
因为Cockney口音在影视作品中的经常出现，尤其是在动作片当中表现人物的硬朗，这种口音逐渐被英语国家的人熟悉，甚至有的时候受到相当的追捧，几乎到了凡是动作片都用Cockney的地步。
