高级英语第二册1、2、3、4、7课paraphrase答案

lesson 11. We're 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.lesson 21. The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

Lesson 11. We're elevated 23 feet. (para3)We're 23 feet above sea level.2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. (para 3) The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can batten down and ride it out. (para 4)We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. (para 9)Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! (para 10)Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems had been killed by water. (para 11)The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. (para17)As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Get us through this mess, will you? (para17)Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. (para 21) Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis had just one delayed reaction. (para 34)Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Lesson 21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelictbuilding-lot. (para2)The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on whicha building was going to be put up.2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard. (para3)They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lighting speed. (para9)Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews. (para10) Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. …every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury. (para10)Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para16)However, a white -skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para16)If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para17)No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poorslum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)．10. …for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil. (para17)life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.(para19)She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para21)People with brown skins are almost invisible．13．Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms,… (para23) The Senegalese soldiers were wearing ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies．14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para25)How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us? 15．Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.(para26)Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white N.C.Os. marching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．Lesson 31．And it is an activity only of human. (para1)And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings．(Animals and birds are not capable of conversation．) 2．Conversation is not for making a point. (para2)Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．3．In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. (para2)In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．4．Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. (para3)People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other's lives．5. …it could still go ignorantly on… (para6)The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．6．There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). (para9)These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we call their meat beef．7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. (para11)The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers．8．English had come royally into its own. (para13)The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. (para15)The phrase，the King's English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes．The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. (para15)There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．11. There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us.” (para18)There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，t he word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal．We mustn't regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself．12. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips andslides in conversation. (para18)Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard，formal English all the time in their conversation．Lesson 41. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe... (para2)Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.2. This much we pledge—and more. (para5)This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. (para6) United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (para9)We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.5. …our last best hope in an age wh ere the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace… (para10)The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.6. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run… (para10)We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.7. …before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction… (para11)Before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned orbrought about by an accident, takes place8. …yet both racing to alte r that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war… (para13)Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness,… (para14)So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness. 10. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.11. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. (para21)Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of ourdeeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love,… (para27)Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.Lesson 71. …boy and man, I had been through it often before. (para1)As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had often travelled through the region.2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation. (para1)But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3. … it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke. (para1) This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve theirlot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.4. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. (para3) The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5. They have taken as their model a brick set on end. (para3)The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.6. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. (para3)These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (para4)When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.8. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity. (para4)Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.9. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (para5)I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.10. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical. ( para5)They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked. When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.11. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. (para6)It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because theydid not know what beautiful houses were like.12. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly,… (para7)People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.13. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. (para7)These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.14. …they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it. (para8)They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.15. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. (para9) From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．最新文件仅供参考已改成word文本。

------ conversation ．soil ．Lesson 1 Lesson 2 11. She accepted her status as an 1．And it is an activity only of 1. The burying--ground is merely old woman, that is to say as a humans. a huge waste of hummocky earth, beast of burden.And it is a human unique activity ．like a derelict building-lot. She took it for granted that as an 2．Conversation is not for making The burying-ground is just a huge old woman she should work like ana point. piece of wasteland full of mounds animal ．Conversation is not to convince of earth, looking like a deserted 12.People with brown skins areothers ．construction land. next door to invisible.3．In fact, the best 2. All colonial empires are in People who have brown skins are conversationalists are those who reality founded upon that fact. almost invisible ．are prepared to be lose. All colonial empires are built by 13. Their splendid bodies wereIn fact, the best conversationalists exploiting the local people. hidden in reach-me-down khakiare those who are willing to be 3. They rise out of the earth, they uniforms...lose. sweat and starve for a few years, The soldiers wore second —hand 4.Bar friends are not deeply and then they sink back into the khaki uniforms which covered their involved in each other ’s lives. nameless mounds of the beautiful well —builtbodies ．Bar friends are not deeply graveyard. 14. How long beforethey turn concerned with each other ’s They are born. Then they work hard their guns in the other direction? private lives. without enough food for a few How long will it take for them to5....it could still go ignorantly years. Finally they die and are attack us?on... buried in the hills graves without 15. Every white man there hadThe conversation could go on any mark to identify them. this thought stowed somewhere without anybody knowing who was 4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at or other in his mind.right or wrong ． a prehistoric lathe, turning It is certain that every white man6. There are cattle in the field, chair-legs at lighting speed. realized this.but we sit down to beef. A carpenter sits crossing his legs at Lesson3These animals are called cattle in an old-fashioned lathe, making 1.And yet the same revolutionary English, when they are alive and round chair-legs very fast. belief for which our forebearsfeeding in the fields ；but when we 5. Instantly, from the dark holes fought is still at issue around thesit down at the table to eat, we call all round, there was a frenzied globe...their meat beef in French ．rush of Jews. And yet the same revolutionary7. The new ruling class had built a Immediately, Jews rushed out of belief which is the aim of ourcultural barrier against him by their dark hole-like rooms nearby ancestors is still in dispute around building their French against his in a frenzy madness. the world.own language . 6.every one of them looks on a 2. This much we pledge--andThe new ruling class had caused cigarette as a more or less more.the cultural contradictions impossible luxury. This much we promise to do and between the ruling class and native Every one of these Jews considers we promise to do more.English by regarding French the cigarette as a somewhat piece 3. United, there is little we cannot superior to English. of luxury which they can not do in a host of cooperative8.English had come royally into possibly afford. ventures.its own. 7. Still, a white skin is always If we are united, there is almost English had gained recognition by fairly conspicuous. nothing we can not do through athe King ．However, a white-skinned lot of cooperation.9．The phrase has always been European is easy to notice in a fair 4. But this peaceful revolution ofused a little pejoratively and even way. hope cannot become the prey of facetiously by the lower classes. 8. In a tropical landscape one ’s hostile powers.The phrase, the king ’s English has eye takes in everything except But this peaceful revolution which always been used disrespectfully the human being. can bring hope in a peaceful wayand made fun by the lower classes. Against the background of a can not fall victims to enemy10. The rebellion against a tropical landscape, people could country.cultural dominance is still there. notice everything but they cannot 5. .... Our last best hope in an age There is still opposition to cultural see local people. where the instruments of war monopoly. 9. No one would think of running have far outpaced the 11.There is always a great cheap trips to the Distressed instruments of pace... danger that“words will harden Areas The United Nations is our last andinto things for us ”No one would propose the cheap best hope in the era where meansWe tend to make the mistake that trips to the slums ．of launching war have farwe regard the things as they 10 ．...for nine-tenths of the surpassed means of keeping peace. represent. people the reality of life is an 6. ...to enlarge the area in which12. Even with the most educated endless, back-breaking struggle its writ may run...and the most literate, the King ’s to wring a little food out of an to increase the area where the UN ’English slips and slides in eroded soil. s written documents may be conversation. The real life of nine-tenths of the effective.Even the most educated and people is that there is no end to 7....before the dark powers ofliterated people will not always use their extremely hard work in order destruction unleashed by sciencethe formal English in their to get a little food from an eroded engulf all humanity in planned or---accidental self-destruction... sophistication... lived unconventional lives.before the evil atom weapon made In America at least,the youngpossible by science destroy all people were strongly inclined to Unit7human beings in a planned way or shirk their responsibilities. They 1. With a clamor of bells that setby accident. pretended to be worldly-wise, the swallows soaring, the Festiva 8...yet both racing to alter that drinking and behaving naughtily. l of Summer came to the city Om uncertain balance of terror that 5.Prohibition afforded the young elas.stays the hand of mankind ’s final the additional opportunity of The loud ringing of the bells, whic war... However both trying to making their pleasures illicit... h sent the frightened swallows flyi change that unstable balance of The young found greater pleasure ng high, marked the beginning of t weapons and this balance of in drinking because Prohibition, by he Festival of Summer in Omelas. weapons could prevent human making drinking unlawful,added a 2. ..Their high calls rising like the beings from launching their final sense of adventure. swallows ’crossing flights over t war. 6...our young men began to enlist he music and singsing.7. So let us begin anew, under foreign flags. The shouting of the children could remembering on both sides that Our young men joined the armies be heard clearly above the music a civility is not a sign of weakness.. . of foreign countries to fight in the nd singing like the calls of the swal So let us begin once again to war. lows flying by overhead.realize that politeness does not 7....they “wanted to get into the 3. ..Exercised their restive horses mean weakness. fun before the whole thing before the race.8. Let both sides seek to invoke turned belly up. ”The riders were putting the horsesthe wonders of science instead of The young wanted to take part in through some exercises because t its terrors. the glorious adventure before the he horses were eager to startI suggest both sides try to use whole ended. and stubbornly resisting the contr science to make wonders for 8...they had outgrown towns and ol of the riders.human beings rather than terrors. families.. . 4. Given a description such as thi 9. ...each generation of These young people could no s one tends to make certain assu Americans has been summoned longer adapt themselves to lives in mptions.to give testimony to its national their hometowns or their families. After reading the above descriptio loyalty. 9..the returning veteran also had n the reader is likely to assume cer There are Americans from every to face the sodden,Napoleonic tain things.generation who answer the call of cynicism of Versailles,the 5. This is the treason of artist: a r the country to prove their loyalty hypocritical do-goodism of efusal to admit the banality of evto the country. Prohibition... il and the terrible boredom of pai 10. With a good conscience our The returning veteran also had to n.only sure reward, with history the face the stupid cynicism of the An artist betrays his trust when he final judge of our deeds, let us go victorious allies in Versailles who does not admit that evil is nothing forth to lead the land we love... acted as cynically as Napoleon fresh nor novel and pain is very du Our certain reward is our good did,and to face Prohibition which ll and uninteresting.conscience and history will judge the lawmakers hypocritically 6. They were nature, intelligent,our deeds, therefore, let us try to assumed would do good to the passionate adults whose lives we be pioneers in building our people. re not wretched.beloved country. 10.Something in the They were fully developed and inte Unit5 tension-ridden youth of America lligent grown-up people full of inte 1.The slighted mention of the had to “give ”... nse feelings and they were not mis decade brings nostalgic (Under all this force and erable people.recollections to the pressure)something in the youth of 7. Perhaps it would be best if you middle-aged... America,who were already very imagined it as your own fancy biAt the very mention of this postwar tense ,had to break down. ds, assuming it will rise to the oc period ,middle-aged people begin 11 ....it was only natural that casion.to think about it longingly. hopeful young writers , their Perhaps it would be best if the rea 9.The rejection of Victorian minds and pens inflamed against der pictures Omelas to himself as gentility was , in any war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical ”his imagination tells him, assuming case ,inevitable . gentility, should flock to the his imagination will be equal to th In any case,an American could not traditional artistic center... e task.avoid casting aside middle-class It was only natural that hopeful 8. The faint insistent sweetness o respectability and affected young writers ,whose minds and f drooz may perfume the way of refinement. writings were full of violent anger the city.10.The war acted merely as a against war, Babbittry,and The faint but compelling sweet sce catalytic agent in this breakdown “Puritanical ”gentility,should nt of the drug drooz may fill the st of the Victorian social structure... come in largen numbers to live in reets of the city.The war only helped to speed up Greenwich Village, the traditional 9. Perhaps it was born defective, the breakdown of the Victorian artistic center. or perhaps it has become imbecil social structure. 12.Each town had its “fast ”set e through fear, malnutrition and 4...it was tempted ,in America at which prided itself on itself on its neglect.least, to escape its unconventionality... Perhaps the child was mentally ret responsibilities and retreat Each town was proud that it had a arded because it was born so or pe behind an air of naughty alcoholic group of wild ,reckless people,who rhaps it has become very foolish a------nd stupid because of fear, poor no before houses seems to wn special individualities.urishment and neglect. Englishness a communal 4. I do not think that could have11. Its habits are too uncouth for imbecility. made this reconciliation here.it to respond to humane treatm To regard cars and motorways as I don't think I could have acceptedent. more important than houses in America my Negro status withoThe habits of the child are so crud seems to Englishness a public ut feeling ashamed.e and uncultured that it will show stupidity. 5...it is easier to cut across socialno sign of improvement even if it i 8.I must add that while and occupational lines there thans treated kindly and tenderly. Englishness can still fight it is here.12. Their tears at the bitter injust on ,Admass could be winning. It is easier in Europe for people ofice dry when they begin to perce I must further say that while different social groups and occupaive the terrible justice of reality, Englishness can go on fighting, tions to intermingle and have sociand to accept it. there is a great possibility for al intercourse.They shed tears when they see ho Admass to win. 6. A man can be as proud of beinw terribly unjust they have been to 9.It must have some moral g a good waiter as of being a gothe child, but these tearsdry up w capital to draw upon,and soon it od actor, and in neither case feelhen they realize how just and fair t may be asking for an overdraft. threatened. In Europe a good wait hough terrible reality was. Englishness draws its strength from er and a good actor are equally pra reservoir of strong moral and oud of their social status and posit Unit8ethical principles ,and soon it may ion. They are not jealous of each o11.....below the noisy arguments , be asking for strength which this ther and do not live in fear oflosin the abuse and the quarrels , there reservoir of principles cannot g their position.is a reservoir of instinctive provide. 7. I was born in New York, but hafellow-feeling... 10 .They probably believe ,as I do , ve lived only in pockets of it.The English people may hotly that the Admass ”Good Life ”is a I was born in New York but have livargue and abuse and quarrel with fraud on all counts. ed only in some small areas of theeach other , but there still exists a There people probably believe ,as I city.lot of natural sympathetic feelings do,that the “Good Life ”promised 8. This reassessment, which canfor each other in their hearts. by Admass is false and dishonest in be very painful, is also very valua 12....at heart they would like to all respects. ble.take a whip to the whole idle 11...he will not even find much The reconsideration of the signific troublesome mob of them. satisfaction in this scrounging ance and importance of many thinWhat the wealthy employers would messy existence, which does gs that one had taken for granted ireally like to do is to whip all the nothing for a man ’s self-respect. n the past can be very painful, tho workers whom they regard as lazy He will not even find much ugh very valuable.and troublesome. satisfaction in this untidy and 9. On this acceptance, literally, th 13...there are not many of these disordered life where he manages e life of a writer depends.men , either on the board or the to live as a parasite by sponging on The life of a writer really depends oshop floor... people. This kind of life does not n his accepting the fact that no ma There are not many snarling shop help a person to build up any tter where he goes or what he doe stewards in the workshop,nor are self-respect. s he will always carry the marks ofthere many cruel wealthy 12.To them the House of his origins.employers on the board of Commons is a remote 10. American writers do not have directors. squabbling-shop. a fixed society to describe.14.It demands bigness ,and they These people consider the House American writers live in a mobile sare suspicious of bigness. of Commons as a place rather far ociety where nothing is fixed, so thThe contemporary world demands away from them where some ey do not have a fixed society to dthat everything should be done on people are always quarreling and escribe.a big scale and the English do not arguing over some small matters. 11..Every society is really governetrust bigness. 13...heavy hands can fall on the d by hidden laws, by unspoken b15.Against this , at least shoulders that have been ut profound assumptions on the superficially ,Englishness seems a shrugging away politics. part of the people.poor shadowy show... They were very wrong to ignore Every society is influenced and d At least on the surface ,when politics for they can now suddenly irected by hidden laws, and by Englishness is put against the and for no reason be arrested and many things deeply felt andpower and success of Admass , thrown into prison. taken for granted by the people, th Englishness seems to put up a Unit10 ough not openly spoken about.rather poor performance. 1. It is a complex fate to be an A16....while Englishness is not merican.hostile to change,it is deeply The fate of an American is complicsuspicious of change for change ’ated and hard to understand.s sake... 2...they were no more at home inEnglishness is not against change, Europe than I was.but it believes that changing just They were uneasy and uncomfortafor change ’s sake and not other ble in Europe as I was.useful purposes is very wrong and 3...we were both searching for oharmful. ur separate identities.17.To put cars and motorways They were all trying to find their o---。

Lesson 11．And it is an activity only of humans.And it is a human unique activity．2．Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not to convince others．3．In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to be lose.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are willing to be lose.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.Bar friends are not deeply concerned with each other’s private lives.5....it could still go ignorantly on...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．6. There are cattle in the field, but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle in English, when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef in French．7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class had caused the cultural contradictions between the ruling class and native English by regar ding French superior to English.8.English had come royally into its own.English had gained recognition by the King．9．The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase, the king’s English has always been used disrespectfully and made fun by the lower classes.10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.There is still opposition to cultural monopoly.11. There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us”We tend to make the mistake that we regard the things as they represent.12. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. Even the most educated and literated people will not always use the for mal English in their conversation．Lesson 21. The burying--ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.The burying-ground is just a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth, looking like a deserted construction land.2.All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.All colonial empires are built by exploiting the local people.3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then they work hard without enough food for a few years. Finally they die and are buried in the hills graves without any mark to identify them.4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lighting speed.A carpenter sits crossing his legs at an old-fashioned lathe, making round chair-legs very fast.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews.Immediately, Jews rushed out of their dark hole-like rooms nearby in a frenzy madness.6.every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.Every one of these Jews considers the cigarette as a somewhat piece of luxury which they can not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.However, a white-skinned European is easy to notice in a fair way.8. In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human being.Against the background of a tropical landscape, people could notice everything but they cannot s ee local people.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed AreasNo one would propose the cheap trips to the slums．10．...for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.The real life of nine-tenths of the people is that there is no end to their ext remely hard work in order to get a little food from an eroded soil．11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she should work like an animal．12.People with brown skins are next door to invisible.People who have brown skins are almost invisible．13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms...The soldiers wore second—hand khaki uniforms which covered their beautiful well—built bodies．14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?How long will it take for them to attack us?15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.It is certain that every white man realized this.Lesson31.And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe... And yet the same revolutionary belief which is the aim of our ancestors is still in dispute around the world.2. This much we pledge--and more.This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.If we are united, there is almost nothing we can not do through a lot of cooperation.4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.But this peaceful revolution which can bring hope in a peaceful way can not fall victims to enemy country.5. .... Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of pace... The United Nations is our last and best hope in the era where means of launching war have far surpassed means of keeping peace.6. ...to enlarge the area in which its writ may run...to increase the area where the UN’s written documents may be effective.7....before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction...before the evil atom weapon made possible by science destroy all human beings in a planned way or by accident.8...yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war... However both trying to change that unstable balance of weapons and this balance of weapons could prevent human beings from launching their final war.9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness...So let us begin once again to realize that politeness does not mean weakness.10. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.I suggest both sides t ry to use science to make wonders for human beings rather than terrors.11. ...each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.There are Americans from every generation who answer the call of the country to prove their loyalty to the country.12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love...Our certain reward is our good conscience and history will judge our deeds, therefor e, let us t ry to be pioneers in building our beloved country.Unit41.A nice enough young fellow, you understand ,but nothing upstairs.He is a nice enough young fellow,you know , but he is empty-headed.2.Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.A passing fashion or craze ,in my opinion, shows a complete lack of reason.3.I should have known they‟d come back when the Charleston came back.I should have known that raccoon coats would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was pop ular in the 1920s,came back.4.“All the Big Men on Campus are wearing them. Where …ve you been?”All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you don’t know?5.My brain , that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is precision instrument, began to work at high speed.6.With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectly.Except for one thing(intelligence)Polly had all the other requirements.7.She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.8.In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.In fact, she went in the opposite direction,that is , she was not intelligent but rather stupid.9.“ In other words ,if you were out of the picture,the field would be open. Is that right?”If you were no longer involved with her, others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend.10.Back and forth his head swiveled , desire waxing, resolution waning.His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat and then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to abandon Polly became weaker.11.This loomed as a project of no small dimensions...To teach her to think seemed to be a rather big task.12.Admittedly it was not a prospect fraught with hope ,but I decided to give it one more try.One must admit the outcome did not look very hopeful, but I decided to try one more time.13.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear .14.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein , and my monster had me by the throat.I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but I turned out to be Frankenstein because Polly ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan.15.Frantically I fought back the tide of panic surging through me .Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic which was overwhelming me.Unit51.The slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged...At the very mention of this postwar period ,middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was , in any case ,inevitable .In any case,an American could not avoid casting aside middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure...The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4...it was tempted ,in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughtyalcoholic sophistication...In America at least,the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit...The young found greater pleasure in drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful,added a sense of adventure.6...our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7....they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up.”The young wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole ended.8...they had outgrown towns and families...These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their hometowns or their families.9..the returning veteran also had to face the sodden,Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles,the hypocriticaldo-goodism of Prohibition...The returning veteran also had to face the stupid cynicism of the victorious allies in Versailles who acted as cynicall y as Napoleon did,and to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”...(Under all this force and pressure)something in the youth of America,who were already very tense ,had to break down.11....it was only natural that hopeful young writers , their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center...It was only natural that hopeful young writers ,whose minds and writings were full of violent anger against war, Babbittry,and “Puritanical”gentility,should come in largen numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.12.Each town had its “fast”set which prided itself on itself on its unconventionality...Each town was proud that it had a group of wild ,reckless people,who lived unconventional lives.Uni t61. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste...Nowadays New Yorkers can‟t understand nor follow the taste of the American people and often disagree with American politics.2. New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends...New York is proud that it is a city that resists the prevailing fashion or styles of America and that it remains to be a place where people can escape uniformity.3. ...sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California...Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the live talk show of Johnny Carson now dominate the radio and TV programs in California.4. ... It is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction...New York is making attempts to regain its status as a city that attracts tourists .5. To win in New York is to be uneasy...Even when a person whins in New York ,he may well be anxious and fearful, for he is afraid of losing what he has gained in the coming fierce competition.6. Nature‟ pleasures are much qualified in New York.Since New York is a large and crowed city with a lot of tall buildings ,the chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited here.7. ...the city‟s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.At night, the lights of New York are so proudly bright that the sky seems to be darkened.8. But the purity of a bohemian dedication can be exaggerated.But the pure and wholehearted devotion to a bohemian lifestyle can be overstated.9. In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications headquarters, New York creates very few things but approves many things started by people in other parts of the country.10. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype...The television generation was continually and strongly affected by extravagant promotional advertising.11. ...those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines.Writers producing long serious novels also earn their living by writing articles for popular magazines.12. Boardway, which seemed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again. Boardway,which seemed to be giving up to the cheap ,gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas,now becomes flourishing and busy again.13. The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town.Those who failed in the struggle of life ,the down-and-outs ,do no hide themselves away in slums where other people cannot see them.14. The place constantly exasperates,at times exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but sometimes it also stimulates.Uni t71.With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The loud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.2. ..Their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and singsing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.3. ..Exercised their restive horses before the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to startand stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4. Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5. This is the treason of artist: a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and unin teresting.6. They were nature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable pe ople.7. Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion. Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagin ation will be equal to the task.8. The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the way of the city.The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.9. Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition and neglect. Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid b ecause of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.10. Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kin dly and tenderly.11. Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality, and to acce pt it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tearsdry up when they re alize how just and fair though terrible reality was.Uni t101. It is a complex fate to be an American.The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2...they were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3...we were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4. I do not think that could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5...it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercour se.6. A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened . In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealo us of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.7. I was born in New Y ork, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.8. This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past c an be very painful, though very valuable.9. On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will al ways carry the marks of his origins.10. American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe. 11..E very society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people.Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt andtaken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.。

第一课位于高尔夫港以西的帕斯克里斯琴镇几乎被夷为平地。

住在该镇那座豪华的黎赛留公寓度假的几位旅客组织了一次聚会，从他们所居的有利地位观赏飓风的壮观景象，结果像是有一个其大无比的拳头把公寓打得粉碎，26人因此丧生。

柯夏克家的屋顶一被掀走，约翰就高喊道：“快上楼一一到卧室里去!数数孩子。

”在倾盆大雨中，大人们围成一圈，让孩子们紧紧地挤在中间。

柯夏克老奶奶哀声切切地说道：“孩子们，咱们大家来唱支歌吧!”孩子们都吓呆了，根本没一点反应。

老奶奶独个儿唱了几句，然后她的声音就完全消失了。

客厅的壁炉和烟囱崩塌了下来。

弄得瓦砾横飞。

眼看他们栖身的那间卧室电有两面墙壁行将崩塌，约翰立即命令大伙：“进电视室去!”这是离开风头最远的一个房间。

约翰用手将妻子搂了一下。

詹妮丝心里明白了他的意思。

由于风雨和恐惧，她不住地发抖。

她一面拉过两个孩子紧贴在自己身边，一面默祷着：亲爱的上帝啊，赐给我力量，让我经受住必须经受的一切吧。

她心里怨恨这场飓风。

我们一定不会让它得胜。

柯夏克老爹心中窝着一团火，深为自己在飓风面前无能为力而感到懊丧。

也说不清为什么，他跑到一问卧室里去将一只杉木箱和一个双人床垫拖进了电视室。

就在这里，一面墙壁被风刮倒了，提灯也被吹灭。

另外又有一面墙壁在移动，在摇晃。

查理.希尔试图以身子撑住它，但结果墙还是朝他这边塌了下来，把他的背部也给砸伤了。

房子在颤动摇晃，已从地基上挪开了25英尺。

整个世界似乎都要分崩离析了。

“我们来把床垫竖起来!”约翰对父亲大声叫道。

“把它斜靠着挡挡风。

让孩子们躲到垫子下面去，我们可以用头和肩膀把垫子大一点的孩子趴在地板上，小一点的一层层地压在大的身上，大人们都弯下身子罩住他们。

地板倾斜了。

装着那一窝四只小猫的盒子从架上滑下来，一下子就在风中消失了。

斯普琪被从一个嵌板书柜顶上刮走而不见踪影了。

那只狗紧闭着双眼，缩成一团。

又一面墙壁倒塌了。

水拍打着倾斜的地板。

约翰抓住一扇还连在壁柜墙上的门，对他父亲大声叫道：“假若地板塌了，咱们就把孩子放到这块门板上面。

Lesson 21. But my father was deeply attracted to it precisely because of its unexplored, uncultivated natural state, and the challenge.2. As a little girl, l believed my father's words, and was genuinely afraid of the possible disaster --if we didn't hurry up, the day would catch us and terrible things might happen.3. ...Occasionally the law officers would make some effort without real earnest to investigate Watson and to bring him to court, but there seemed to be little concrete evidence to prove that he was responsible for certain illegal activities.4. The control Watson had over this section of Florida was much similar to the dishonest or illegal activities of the law-enforcing officials and governors which Florida witnessed in the 20th century.5. Before the family built their own house, they lived in a shabby cabin at Gopher Key, close to the merciless Walton. The author uses an understatement -not the most gracious of living quarters -to describe their shabby, temporary home.6. We had abundant food on the island, and even the meals enjoyed by King Richard, who was famous for his love of food, couldn't possibly compare with ours. The tone shows the content of the author with the adequate supply of food on the island.7. Although it was very hot outside in the sun, we were happy to be dismissed from my mother's sessions indoors. We would have to read and write with her every day no matter what the weather was like.Lesson 41. The impact of Mike's leaving on my life was beyond my imagination. I didn't expect that Mike's leaving would have such a tremendous power that it would change the meaning of my existence completely. All my thoughts were about loss of Mike.2. At that time, we were young mothers, and we were supposed to lead a terribly busy life full of confusion and bewilderment caused by giving birth to and raising babies. And our minds were supposed to be fully occupied by how to feed the babies and things like that. However, in the midst of all this we still felt the need to discuss some of the important thinkers of our time like Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and T. S. Eliot’s sophisticated work "The Cocktail Party".3. 1 would be frightened, and my fear was not caused by my neighbors' visibly hostile and violent way of life, but by a kind of formless and hidden emptiness and meaninglessness of human existence. What happened around me was totally irrelevant to me, and I feel very isolated and alienated.4. She did not ask me abut my new life, either out of subtle consideration for my feeling about this sensitive subject or out of disapproval of my new life style.5. 1t would be a morally low thing, an indecent thing to commit infidelity in the house of a friend.6. 1 knew that he was a person who had experienced the worst in life, the hardest experience a person might have to endure.7. They experienced the worst together and they knew what it was like and understood the meaning of that experience. Such an experience posed the gravest test to people. If they stood the test, their friendship or marriage would be strengthened, and a sacred bondage would be formed between them. But if they failed the test, their relationship would be broken and they would be driven apart.8. 1f they acted on love, they would take risks. They wouldn't do that or go further in their relationship, but they would rather let their love remain as a sweet trickle, which would flow on gently and permanently, and as an underground resource, which would never be fully tapped but would never go dry.Lesson 61. The raising of a pig is like a tragedy, because it always ends in the killing of the pig, and the set pattern一buying, raising and butchering一is strictly followed in most terms. The killing, deliberately planned and efficiently carried out, is the most serious type of murder, yet, whether pigs should be killed and meat served has never been questioned.2. A pig couldn't ask for any better living conditions; at least no pig has ever complained.3. . .. since a pig is, like a child, always hungry, the whole family would be worried when it refuses to eat.4. Fred was quite exited about the event. He was down at the pigpen all the time. Because of his swollen joints, he moved about unsteadily. His face set ap.art the grass along the fence as he moved about. He was like a doctor, with his Jong, drooping ears dangling like a stethoscope, and he scrabbled on the ground as if he were prescribing some medicine.5. When things were ready for the closing of the pig, Fred became even more excited. With short legs and a long body, it managed to get through the fence and acted as if it was taking charge of the medical treatment.6. . . . 0ur procession was a serious and efficient one. Fred, who acted as the pallbearer, walked unsteadily in the back, though he was not qualified for that function. The sorrow of losing a family member was shown clearly in his face. The autopsy of the body's inwards was done right at the side of the grave. The intestines at the pig were first thrown into the grave, so the pig could lie exactly on those things that caused his death.7. . . . 1f a pig dies before he is supposed to, it is a serious matter for the whole community to remember. The whole community would share the sadness for his death.8. The purpose of this essay is to show that l am sorry for what has happened to my pig, since 1 have failed to raise the pig and cannot provide a reason why it didn't grow the way other pigs have grown,9. The pig's grave in the woods doesn't have a tombstone, but whenever somebody wants to visit it, Fred will show the way. I know Fred and I will often visit it, separate or together, when we need to ponder over problems or when we are depressed. And these days will be like memorial days, with the only difference of not hoisting the national flag.Lesson 91. This is perhaps because they only have places of birth, but not places where they feel at home and which they identify themselves with. But these girls are strongly influenced by their hometown, and the influence stays with them forever even after they leave their hometown.2. The brown girls try hard to repress their emotions and passions. However, these natural human emotions cannot be wiped out totally. Sometimes they will emerge and burst out. And they will develop, become stronger and stay with them So whenever and wherever this funk bursts out, the brown girls will do their best to stifle it.3. 1f his needs were physical, she could meet them. She could make him comfortable and give him enough or even more than enough to satisfy his physical needs.4. Geraldine had seen black girls like Pecola at many places and many times in the past.5. 0n the one hand, they (girls like Pecola) were ignorant and uncomprehending. They did not ask question why their lives were so miserable. On the other hand, as they were poverty-stricken and practically had nothing, their eyes revealed their desire for anything that could make their lives easier.6. 1n the eyes of these girls one can see that they were in despair, without any hope for the future, and that their life was nothing but a waste.7. As the girls were growing into young women, they had never worn girdles to make their figure look slimmer, and thus more elegant; and when the boys grew up, they just began to wear their caps with the bills turned backward to indicate that they had become adults.Lesson 101.As Saint George is a hero, the patron of arms, symbolizing chivalry, his image often appears on banners,and his name is often mentioned in the speeches of politicians (politicians often pay lip service to him).Saint George is used as a symbolic figure for political purposes. But John Bull is the tradesman and he delivers the goods we need in our daily life while making money at the same time.2.The English public schools have four unique features. First, all boys live in boarding houses. Second, sportsand games are organized and compulsory as part of the school curricula. Third, older students have special duties to help control younger students while the latter must do jobs for the former. Lastly, great emphasis is placed on good form and team spirit. These features enable the public school students to have disproportionately great influence.3.Pay attention to my use of the word "bankrupt", a word related to business. This reveals my identity as amember of the commercial nation, who would be careful and sensible enough to avoid any risks of failing to pay their debts.4.But my friend expressed his views as a member of the Oriental countries. They are nourished by a traditionof great generosity and richness, which is different from the English tradition of middle-class prudence.5.In this aspect, true love is different from material things such as clay or even gold which can be divided andtaken away. Yet, if we share true love, it will never diminish.6.In the above anecdote, I have become an example of the Englishmen for the moment. That put me in a highposition which makes me dizzy and is unfamiliar to me. I will now come down from that height and return to my role as your commentator on the characteristics of the Englishman.7.The Englishman's nervous system acts promptly and feels slowly. The combination of the two qualities isuseful, and anyone who has this combination is mostly likely to be brave.8.As literature is based on national character, there must be in the English nature hidden resources of passionthat have produced the great romantic literature we see.9.That kind of criticism is just like Bernard Shaw's attacks. It is nothing new and I'm used to these tricks andjokes; they won't do any harm to me.10.The Englishmen think they have a tolerant and humorous attitude toward criticism. In fact it is not so,because their attitude is limited by uncomfortable laughter, which indicates that beneath the surface of their tolerant humorous attitude they are uneasy. When they try to be humorous and brush aside criticism, they would titter and guffaw. Such uncomfortable laughter is a sign of uneasiness.11.1I have already made all my opinions known to you. What is said is said, and being diplomatic cannotunsay what has been said.。

高级英语第二册ParaphraseParaphraseLesson One1.We’re elevated 23 feet.-Our house has been raised by 23 feet in comparison with the past.2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.-The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3.We can batten down and ride it out.-We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out.-Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!6.The electrical systems had been killed by water.-The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.-As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.Get up through this mess, will You?-Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.-Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and the hervoice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.-Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension cause by the hurricane.Lesson Three11.And it is an activity only for humans.-And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation).12.Conversation is not for making a point.-Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.13.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.-In a fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.14.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.-People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed ore ngrossed in each other’s lives.15.…it could still go ignorantly on…-The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.16.There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf).-These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef. The words “beef”comes from the French word “boeuf.”17.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building theirFrench against his own language.-The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.18. English had come royally into its own.-The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.19. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by thelower -classes.20. The rebellion against cultural dominance is still there.-There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.21. There is always great danger that “word will harden into things for us.”-There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.22. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips andslides in conversation.-Even the most educated and literate people use non-standard, informal, colloquial English rather than standard, formal English in their conversation.Lesson Four23. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which ourforebears fought is still atissue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.-Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.24. This much we pledge—and more.-This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.25. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided,there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.-Bond together we can accomplish a lot of things in the variety of joint ventures.Divided, we can do nothing because we cannot deal with the strong threat in disagreement and split apart.26. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.-We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.27. Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced theinstruments of peace.-The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where theinstruments of war have far surpassed and exceeded theinstruments of peace. 28. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run…-29. …before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanityin planned or accidental self-destruction….-before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place.30. …yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand ofmankind’s final war.-Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind’s final war.31. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign ofweakness,…-So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.32. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.-Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the rightful things it can do. Let both sides try to use science to produce good and beneficial things for man instead of employing it to bring frightful destruction.33. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to itsnational loyalty.-Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country’s cause).34. With a good conscience our only sure reword, with history the final judge of ourdeeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.-With God’s blessing and help, let us start leading the country we love. Knowing that on earth we must do what God want us to do. Let history finally judge whether we have done our task well or not but our sure reward will be a good conscience, for we will have worked sincerely and do the best of our ability. Lesson Seven35. …boy and man, I had been through it often before.-As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had often traveled through the region.36. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.-But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.37. and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that itreduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.-The scene that we met the eye was terribly ugly and the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that it was unbearable. This dreadful scene (in a regionwhich produces through its industry the wealth to makeAmerican the richest and grandest nation) makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.38. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.-The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.39. They have taken as their model a brick set on end.-The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright.All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.40. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow,low-pitched roof.-These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.41. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past allhope or caring.-When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color ofa rotten egg.42. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.-Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time.Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.43. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.-I have given Westmoreland the highest award for uglinessafter having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying. I came to the conclusion that Westmoreland had the most loathsome towns and villages only after visiting and comparing many places not only in the United States but also in other countries and after constantly praying to God for guidance.44. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become masterpieces ofhorror.-They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked. When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 45. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces ofhorror.-It is hard to believe that people people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.46. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libidofor the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.-People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.47. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.-These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of its type of mind.48. …they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossiblepenthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.-They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.49. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.-From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth. Lesson Eight50. However primitive and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact ofproduction, he has risen above the animal kingdom; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces”.-To whatever degree primitive and simple his method of work may be, because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed to a much higher level than all the other animals; so man has been correctly and justifiably defined as the animal that makes and manufactures things.51. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independentbeing.-Work also sets man free from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.52. Whether we think of the beautiful paintings in the caves of Southern France, theornaments on weapons among primitive people, the statues and temples of Greece, the cathedrals of the Middle Ages, the chairs and tables made by skilled craftsmen, or the cultivation offlowers, trees or corn by peasants--all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.-Every kind of work (utilitarian and artistic), no matter when it was done or who did it, provides an example of man applying his intelligence and his skill to change nature creatively.53. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.-The worker finds pleasure in his work and through work he also develops his mind. Therefore, pleasure and work go together and so does the cultural development of the worker and his work.54. Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly asceticism,” an answerto man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.-Work became, according to Weber, the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that soothed those who felt alone and isolated because of this ascetic life.55. Work has become alienated from the working person.-Work has been separated from the worker and the worker is not interested in it at all. Instead, he feels estranged from it or hostile to it.56. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.-Work helps the worker to earn some money; except this it is not an activity with much significance.57. because a pay check is not enough to base one’s s elf-respect on.-because just earning some money is not enough for a worker to establish hisself-respect.58. …most industrial psychologists are mainly concernedwith the manipulation of theworker’s psyche.-Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the worker’s mind.59. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management,…-Better relations with the public will yield large profits to management.60. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to completepassivity and receptivity.-The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a mere “high-minded” cover for the real, vulgar appeal to idleness and submissiveness.61. …he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.-The businessman gets the knowledge that the quality of his product doesn’t match what it should be. Conscious of the deception involved, he despises the goods he produces.Lesson Ten62. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young.-At the very mention of the Twenties, middle-aged people begin to recall it longingly and young people become curious and begin to ask questions about it. 63. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.-Anyway, it was inevitable for American to discard Victorian gentility which upheld the middle-class respectability and affected refinement characteristic of Victorian England.64. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian socialstructure,…-The war only helped to speed up the collapse of the Victorian social structure. 65. But at the same time it was tempted, in American at least, to escape itsresponsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of Bohemian immorality.-But at the same time, in America at least, the young people are strongly disposed to escape their responsibilities. They pretend to be worldly-wise and disregard conventional standards of behavior, drinking and breaking the traditional morality naughtily.66. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making theirpleasures illicit,…-The young people found more pleasure in drinking because Prohibition made it a kind of adventure.67. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.-Our young men joined the foreign armies to fight in the war.68. …they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.-they wanted to take part in the adventure of war before it ended.69. …they had outgrown towns and families…-they could not adapt themselves to life in their hometowns and families anymore.70. … the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism ofVersailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition, andthe smug patriotism of the war profiteers.-the returning veterans also had to face the stupid cynicism shown by the victorious allies in Versailles who acted just like Napoleon once did. They had to face Prohibition through which the lawmakers hypocritically expected to do good to the people. And they also had to face the self-content patriotic air of the war profiteers.71. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…-Under this pressure something in the young people, who were already very tense, had to break down.72. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pensinflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…-After the war, it was only natural the promising young writers whose thoughts and writings extremely opposed war, Babbittry and “Puritanical” gentility, should come in great numbers to live in the Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.73. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…-Each town was proud that it had a group of wild unconventional people.。

高级英语2第三版课后paraphrase原文与答案清晰版conversation．Lesson 1 Lesson 21 ．And it is an activity only of 1. The burying--ground is merelyhumans. a huge waste of hummocky earth,And it is a human unique activity ．like a derelict building-lot.2 ．Conversation is not for making The burying-ground is just a hugeapoint . piece of wasteland full of moundsConversation is not to convince of earth, looking like a desertedothers ．construction land.3 ．In fact, the best 2. All colonial empires are inconversationalists are those who reality founded upon that fact.are prepared to be lose. All colonial empires are built byIn fact, the best conversationalists exploiting the local people.are those who are willing to be 3. They rise out of the earth, theylose. sweat and starve for a few years,4.Bar friends are not deeply and then they sink back into theinvolved in each other ’ slives. nameless mounds of theBar friends are notdeeply graveyard.concerned with eachother ’s They are born. Then they work hardprivate lives. without enough food for a few5....it could still go ignorantly years. Finally they die and areon... buried in the hills graves withoutThe conversationcould go on any mark to identify them.without anybody knowing who was 4. A carpenter sits crosslegged atright or wrong ．a prehistoric lathe, turning6. There are cattle in the field, chair-legs at lighting speed.but we sit down to beef. A carpenter sits crossing his legs at These animals are called cattle in an old-fashioned lathe, makingEnglish, when they are alive and round chair-legs very fast.feeding in thefields ；but when we 5. Instantly, from thedark holessit down at the table toeat, we callalfrtheir meat beef inFrench ．ru7. The new ruling class hadbuilt aImoucultural barrieragainst him bythnebuilding their French against hisinmaownlanguage .6.onThe new ruling class had causedcilethe cultural contradictionsimlubetween the ruling class and nativeEvcoEnglish by regarding Frenchthsosuperior toEnglish.of8.English had come royally intopoafitsown.7.alEnglish had gained recognition byfacotheKing ．Ho9 ． The phrase has always beenEuinused a little pejoratively and even wa facetiously by the lower classes.8.onThe phrase, theking’s Englishhaseyalways been used disrespectfullythbeand made fun by the lower classes.Aga10. The rebellionagainst atrcocultural dominance is still there.nocaThere is still oppositionto culturalsepemonopoly.9.ru11.There is always agreatchDidanger“words willharden Arinto things forus ”NochWe tend to make the mistakethattrslwe regard the thingsas they10threpresent. people the reality of life is an12. Even with the most educated endless, back-breaking struggleand the mostliterate, the King ’ s to wring a little food out of anEnglish slips andslides in eroded soil.conversati on. The real life of nine-tenths of theEven the most educated and people is that there is no end toliterated people will not always use their extremely hard work in orderthe formal English in their to get a little food froman erodedsoil ．11.She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as abeast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she should work like an animal ．12.People with brown skins are next door to invisible.People who have brown skins are almost invisible ．13.Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms...The soldiers wore second—handkhaki uniforms which covered theirbeautiful well —built bodies ．14.How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? How long will it takefor them to attack us?15.Every white manthere had this thoughtstowed somewhereor other in his mind.It is certain thatevery white manrealized this.Lesson31.And yet the samerevolutionary belieffor which our forebearsfought is still atissue around theglobe...And yet the samerevolutionary beliefwhich is the aim of ourancestors is still indispute around the world.2.This much wepledge--and more.This much we promise todo and we promise to domore.3.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.If we are united, there is almostnothing we can not do through a lot of cooperation.4. But this peaceful revolution ofhope cannot become the prey ofhostile powers.But this peaceful revolution whichcan bring hope in a peaceful way can not fall victims to enemycountry.5. .... Our last best hope in an agewhere the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of pace...The United Nations is our last andbest hope in the era where means of launching war have far surpassed means of keeping peace.6. ...to enlarge the area in whichits writ may run...to increase the area where the UN ’s written documents may be effective.7....before the dark powers ofdestruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned oraccidental self-destruction... before the evil atomweapon made possible by science destroy allhuman beings in aplanned way or byaccident.8...yet both racing toalter that uncertainbalance of terror thatstays the hand of mankind ’s final war... However both trying to change thatunstable balance of weapons and this balance of weaponscould prevent humanbeings from launchingtheir final war.9.So let us begin anew, remembering on bothsides thatcivility is not a sign of weakness.. . So let us begin onceagain to realize that politeness does notmean weakness.10.Let both sidesseek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.I suggest both sides tryto use science to make wonders for human beingsrather than terrors.11. ...each generationof Americans has been summoned to givetestimony to itsnational loyalty.There are Americans fromevery generation whoanswer the call of thecountry to prove theirloyalty to the country.12.With a goodconscience our only sure reward, with history thefinal judge of our deeds, let us go forth tolead the land welove...Our certain reward isour good conscienceand history will judgeour deeds, therefore, let us try to be pioneers in building our beloved country. Unit51.The slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections tothe middle-aged...At the very mention of this postwarperiod ,middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejectionof Victoriangentility was ,in anycase ,inevitable .In any case,an American could not avoid casting aside middle-class respectability and affected refinement. 3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agentin this breakdown of the Victorian socialstructure...The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victoriansocial structure. 4...it wastempted ,in Americaat least, to escapeits responsibilitiesand retreatbehind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication...In America atleast,the young people were strongly inclinedto shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibitionafforded the youngthe additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit...The young found greater pleasure in drinking because Prohibition, bymaking drinking unlawful,added a senseof adventure.6...our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight inthe war.7....they “wanted to get into thefun before the whole thing turned belly up. ”The young wanted to take part in theglorious adventure before the whole ended.8...they had outgrown towns and families.. . These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their hometowns ortheir families.9..the returningveteran also had toface thesodden,Napoleonic cynicism ofVersailles,thehypocritical do-goodismof Prohibition...The returning veteranalso had to face thestupid cynicism of thevictorious allies inVersailles who acted ascynically as Napoleondid,and to faceProhibition which thelawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10.Something in thetension-ridden youth ofAmerica had to“give ”...(Under all this force and pressure)something in the youth of America,who were already very tense ,had to break down.11....it was only naturalthat hopeful young writers , their minds andpens inflamed againstwar, Babbittry, and“Puritanical”gentility, shouldflock to thetraditional artistic center...It was only natural thathopeful youngwriters ,whose minds andwritings were full ofviolent anger against war, Babbittry,and“ Puritanical ”gentility,should come inlargen numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artisticcenter.12.Each town had its “fast ”set which prided itself on itself on its unconventionality... Each town was proud that it had a group ofwild ,recklesspeople,wholived unconventional lives.Unit71.With a clamor ofbells that set theswallows soaring, theFestiva l of Summercame to the city Omelas.The loud ringing of thebells, whic h sent thefrightened swallows flying high, marked thebeginning of t heFestival of Summer inOmelas.2...Their high callsrising like the swallows ’crossing flights over the music and singsing. The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music a nd singing like the calls of the swal lows flying by overhead.3. ..Exercised their restive horses before the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because t he horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the contr olof the riders.4.Given a description such as thi s one tends to make certain assu mptions.After reading the above descriptio n the reader is likely to assume cer tain things.5.This is the treasonof artist: a r efusalto admit the banalityof evil and the terribleboredom of pai n.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very du ll and uninteresting.6.They were nature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives we renot wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of inte nse feelings and they were not mis erable people.7. Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bi ds, assuming it will rise to the oc casion.Perhaps it would be best if the rea der pictures Omelas to himself as hisimagination tells him, assuming his imaginationwill be equal to th e task.8.The faint insistent sweetness o f drooz may perfume the way ofthe city.The faint but compelling sweet sce nt of the drug drooz may fill the st reets of the city.9.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear,malnutrition and neglect. Perhaps the child was mentally ret arded becauseit was born so or pe rhapsit has become very foolish and stupid because offear, poor no urishmentand neglect.10. Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatm ent.The habits of the childare so crud e anduncultured that it willshow no sign ofimprovement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.11.Their tears atthe bitter injust icedry when they begin to perce ive the terrible justice of reality, andto accept it.They shed tears when they see ho w terribly unjust they have been tothe child, but these tearsdry up w hen they realize how just andfair t hough terrible reality was.Unit81.....below the noisy arguments ,the abuse and thequarrels , there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling...The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other ,but there still exists alot of natural sympathetic feelings for each other in their hearts.2....at heart they would like totake a whip to thewhole idletroublesome mob of them. What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whipall the workers whom they regard as lazy and troublesome.3...there are notmany of these men , either on the boardor the shop floor... There are not many snarling shop stewards in the workshop,nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of directors.4.It demandsbigness ,and theyare suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything should be done on a big scale and the English do not trust bigness.5.Against this , atleastsuperficially ,Englishness seems a poorshadowy show...At least on thesurface ,whenEnglishness is putagainst the powerand success ofAdmass , Englishnessseems to put up arather poorperformance.6....while Englishness isnothostile to change,itis deeply suspiciousof change for changes sake...Englishness is not againstchange,but it believes thatchanging justfor chan ge ’ s sake andnot otheruseful purposes is verywrong andharmful.7.To put cars and motorwaysbefore houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility. To regard cars andmotorways as moreimportant than housesseems to Englishness apublic stupidity.8.I must add that while Englishness can still fighton ,Admass could bewinning. I must furthersay that whileEnglishness can go onfighting, there is agreat possibility forAdmass to win.9.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,andsoon it may be asking foran overdraft. Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moraland ethical principles ,and soon it may be asking for strength which thisreservoir of principlescannot provide.10 .They probably believe ,as I do ,that the Admass ”Good Life ”is a fraud on all counts.There people probablybelieve ,as I do,that the“ Good Life ”promised by Admass is false and dishonestin all respects.11...he will not evenfind much satisfactionin this scrounging messy existence, which doesnothing for a man ’s self-respect.He will not even find much satisfaction in this untidyand disordered life wherehe manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.12.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people considerthe House of Commons asa place rather far away from them where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matters.13...heavy hands canfall on the shouldersthat have been shrugging away politics.They were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrestedand thrown into prison. Unit101. It is a complex fateto be an A merican.The fate of an American is complic’ated and hard to understand.2...they were no moreat home in Europe thanI was.They were uneasy anduncomforta ble in Europeas I was.3...we were bothsearching for o urseparate identities.They were all trying to findtheir o wn special individualities.4.I do not thinkthat could have madethis reconciliationhere.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status witho ut feeling ashamed.5...it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupa tions to intermingle and have soci al intercourse.6. A man can be asproud of bein g a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feelthreatened. In Europe a good wait er and a good actor are equally pr oudof their social status and posit ion. They are not jealous of each o ther and do not live in fear oflosing their position.7. I was born in NewYork, but ha ve livedonly in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have liv ed only in some small areas of the city.8.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valua ble.The reconsideration of the signific ance and importance of many thin gs that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, tho ugh very valuable.9.On this acceptance, literally, th e life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends o n his accepting the fact that no ma tter where he goes or what he doe s he will always carry the marks of his origins.10.American writers do nothavea fixed society todescribe. American writerslive in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.11..Every society is really governed by hidden laws, byunspoken b ut profound assumptions on thepart of the people.Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and b y many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, th ough not openly spoken about.。

高英第二册部分修辞整理及课后paraphrase答案高英2--修辞汇总Lesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailinga short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette.-----transferred epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marchingsouthward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symbolism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —--elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —-synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor3. … th at suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus. ----metaphor4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor5. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not aconcern.--—metaphor6. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor8. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽9. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts a nd feelings. -----simile10. … we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. ----11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. ----12. We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. ----13. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile14. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy15. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile16. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration17. When E.M.F orster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meeta power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis,regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and pl ace, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.----antithesis对句10. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe… ------11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…----12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis13. … to assist free men and free governmen ts in casting off the chains of poverty.---repetition14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle ofsuspicion…-----metaphor15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis16.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to thisendeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.-----extended metaphor18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphorWith a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis2. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet3. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye.----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives5. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of theendless mills.—litotes or understatement6. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-— ridicule （讽刺）7. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)8. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor9.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)10. …, and so they have the most loathsome (丑陋的) towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye (人世间). ---- hyperbole11. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony;sarcasm12. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor13. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor14. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony15. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion16. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuityof Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony17. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony18. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor19. …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the si de of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon (帕特农神庙) would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. ---ironyLesson101 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgicrecollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of thedeliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the bravedenunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about thenaughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting‖sheik‖,and the moral and stylisticvagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet 2 Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longerisolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached aninternational stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult forour young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victoriansocial structure,and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violentenergies which,aftertheshooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to thedestruction of an obsolescent nineteenthcentury society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence ofGermany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by thestrenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by thewar and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceivingVictorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had‖made the world safe for de mocracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds andpens inflam ed against war,Babbittry,and‖Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout htmorality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Y ounger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playingwith marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood andChateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to showthe way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf toeverything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do thi ngsbetter.‖—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche练习答案Lesson Two MarrakechParaphrase1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

Pub Talk and the King's English 课后练习题I. Write short notes on： Carlyle, and Lamb.Suggested Reference Books[SRB］1. The Oxford Companion to English Literature2. Any standard book on the history of English literature3。

Encyclopaedia BritannicaIII. Questions on appreciation：1. In what way is “pub talk”connected with “the King's English”? Is the title of the piece well-chosen？2. Point out the literary and historical allusions used in this piece and comment on their use.3。

What is the func tion of para 5? Is the change from "pub talk" to "the King’s English” too abrupt?4。

Do the simple idiomatic expressions like ”to be on the rocks， out of bed on the wrong side, etc。

，” go well with the copious literary and historical allusions the writer uses? Give your reasons。

5. Does the writer reveal his political inclination in this piece of writing? How？IV。

Lesson 11. We're elevated 23 feet. (para3)We're 23 feet above sea level.2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. (para 3) The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can batten down and ride it out. (para 4)We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. (para 9)Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! (para 10)Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems had been killed by water. (para 11)The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. (para17)As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Get us through this mess, will you? (para17)Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. (para 21) Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis had just one delayed reaction. (para 34)Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Lesson 21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelictbuilding-lot. (para2)The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on whicha building was going to be put up.2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard. (para3)They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lighting speed. (para9)Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews. (para10) Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. …every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury. (para10)Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para16)However, a white -skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para16)If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para17)No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poorslum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)．10. …for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil. (para17)life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.(para19)She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para21)People with brown skins are almost invisible．13．Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms,… (para23) The Senegalese soldiers were wearing ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies．14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para25)How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us? 15．Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.(para26)Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white N.C.Os. marching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．Lesson 31．And it is an activity only of human. (para1)And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings．(Animals and birds are not capable of conversation．) 2．Conversation is not for making a point. (para2)Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．3．In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. (para2)In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．4．Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. (para3)People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other's lives．5. …it could still go ignorantly on… (para6)The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．6．There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). (para9)These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we call their meat beef．7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. (para11)The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers．8．English had come royally into its own. (para13)The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. (para15)The phrase，the King's English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes．The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. (para15)There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．11. There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us.” (para18)There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，t he word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal．We mustn't regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself．12. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips andslides in conversation. (para18)Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard，formal English all the time in their conversation．Lesson 41. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe... (para2)Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.2. This much we pledge—and more. (para5)This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. (para6) United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (para9)We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.5. …our last best hope in an age wh ere the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace… (para10)The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.6. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run… (para10)We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.7. …before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction… (para11)Before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned orbrought about by an accident, takes place8. …yet both racing to alte r that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war… (para13)Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness,… (para14)So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness. 10. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.11. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. (para21)Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of ourdeeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love,… (para27)Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.Lesson 71. …boy and man, I had been through it often before. (para1)As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had often travelled through the region.2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation. (para1)But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3. … it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke. (para1) This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve theirlot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.4. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. (para3) The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5. They have taken as their model a brick set on end. (para3)The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.6. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. (para3)These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (para4)When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.8. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity. (para4)Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.9. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (para5)I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.10. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical. ( para5)They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked. When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.11. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. (para6)It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because theydid not know what beautiful houses were like.12. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly,… (para7)People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.13. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. (para7)These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.14. …they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it. (para8)They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.15. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. (para9) From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．。

The Future of the EnglishParaphrase1.The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.2. What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.3. There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).4. The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5. At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.6. Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.7. To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~8. I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9. Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10. These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.12. These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.13. If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.TranslationA1.他们甚至比自己想象中的英国人还要不同，倒是同他们自己感觉中的英国人差不多。

高级英语2课后习题paraphrase和translation部分答案说课材料高级英语2课后习题p a r a p h r a s e和t r a n s l a t i o n部分答案Paraphrase & TranslationLesson 11.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.2.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him bybuilding their French against his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rules. 3.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and evenfacetiously by the lower classes.The phrase, the King’s English, has always been used disparagingly and joking by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people. 4....that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all atonce there was a focus.Then suddenly a magical transformation took place and there was a f ocal subject to talk about.1.There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by anupper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken.”每当上流社会想给“规范英语”指定一些条条框框时，总会遭到来自下层人名的抵制。

ParaphraseLesson One1.We’re elevated 23 feet.-Our house has been raised by 23 feet in comparison with the past.2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.-The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3.We can batten down and ride it out.-We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out.-Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!6.The electrical systems had been killed by water.-The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.-As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.Get up through this mess, will You?-Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.-Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and the her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.-Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension cause by the hurricane.Lesson Three11.And it is an activity only for humans.-And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation).12.Conversation is not for making a point.-Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.13.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.-In a fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.14.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.-People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives.15.…it could still go ignorantly on…-The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.16.There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf).-These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef. The words “beef”comes from the French word “boeuf.”17.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building theirFrench against his own language.-The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.18. English had come royally into its own.-The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.19. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by thelower -classes.20. The rebellion against cultural dominance is still there.-There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.21. There is always great danger that “word will harden into things for us.”-There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.22. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips andslides in conversation.-Even the most educated and literate people use non-standard, informal, colloquial English rather than standard, formal English in their conversation.Lesson Four23. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still atissue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.-Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.24. This much we pledge—and more.-This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.25. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided,there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.-Bond together we can accomplish a lot of things in the variety of joint ventures.Divided, we can do nothing because we cannot deal with the strong threat in disagreement and split apart.26. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.-We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.27. Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced theinstruments of peace.-The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where theinstruments of war have far surpassed and exceeded the instruments of peace. 28. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run…-29. …before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanityin planned or accidental self-destruction….-before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place.30. …yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand ofmankind’s final war.-Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind’s final war.31. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign ofweakness,…-So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.32. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.-Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the rightful things it can do. Let both sides try to use science to produce good and beneficial things for man instead of employing it to bring frightful destruction.33. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to itsnational loyalty.-Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country’s cause).34. With a good conscience our only sure reword, with history the final judge of ourdeeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.-With God’s blessing and help, let us start leading the country we love. Knowing that on earth we must do what God want us to do. Let history finally judge whether we have done our task well or not but our sure reward will be a good conscience, for we will have worked sincerely and do the best of our ability. Lesson Seven35. …boy and man, I had been through it often before.-As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had often traveled through the region.36. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.-But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.37. and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that itreduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.-The scene that we met the eye was terribly ugly and the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that it was unbearable. This dreadful scene (in a regionwhich produces through its industry the wealth to make American the richest and grandest nation) makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.38. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.-The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.39. They have taken as their model a brick set on end.-The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright.All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.40. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow,low-pitched roof.-These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.41. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past allhope or caring.-When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color ofa rotten egg.42. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.-Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time.Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.43. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.-I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying. I came to the conclusion that Westmoreland had the most loathsome towns and villages only after visiting and comparing many places not only in the United States but also in other countries and after constantly praying to God for guidance.44. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become masterpieces ofhorror.-They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked. When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 45. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces ofhorror.-It is hard to believe that people people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.46. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libidofor the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.-People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.47. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.-These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of its type of mind.48. …they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossiblepenthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.-They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.49. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.-From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth. Lesson Eight50. However primitive and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact ofproduction, he has risen above the animal kingdom; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces”.-To whatever degree primitive and simple his method of work may be, because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed to a much higher level than all the other animals; so man has been correctly and justifiably defined as the animal that makes and manufactures things.51. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independentbeing.-Work also sets man free from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.52. Whether we think of the beautiful paintings in the caves of Southern France, theornaments on weapons among primitive people, the statues and temples of Greece, the cathedrals of the Middle Ages, the chairs and tables made by skilled craftsmen, or the cultivation of flowers, trees or corn by peasants--all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.-Every kind of work (utilitarian and artistic), no matter when it was done or who did it, provides an example of man applying his intelligence and his skill to change nature creatively.53. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.-The worker finds pleasure in his work and through work he also develops his mind. Therefore, pleasure and work go together and so does the cultural development of the worker and his work.54. Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly asceticism,” an answerto man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.-Work became, according to Weber, the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that soothed those who felt alone and isolated because of this ascetic life.55. Work has become alienated from the working person.-Work has been separated from the worker and the worker is not interested in it at all. Instead, he feels estranged from it or hostile to it.56. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.-Work helps the worker to earn some money; except this it is not an activity with much significance.57. because a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.-because just earning some money is not enough for a worker to establish hisself-respect.58. …most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of theworker’s psyche.-Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the worker’s mind.59. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management,…-Better relations with the public will yield large profits to management.60. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to completepassivity and receptivity.-The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a mere “high-minded” cover for the real, vulgar appeal to idleness and submissiveness.61. …he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.-The businessman gets the knowledge that the quality of his product doesn’t match what it should be. Conscious of the deception involved, he despises the goods he produces.Lesson Ten62. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young.-At the very mention of the Twenties, middle-aged people begin to recall it longingly and young people become curious and begin to ask questions about it. 63. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.-Anyway, it was inevitable for American to discard Victorian gentility which upheld the middle-class respectability and affected refinement characteristic of Victorian England.64. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian socialstructure,…-The war only helped to speed up the collapse of the Victorian social structure. 65. But at the same time it was tempted, in American at least, to escape itsresponsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of Bohemian immorality.-But at the same time, in America at least, the young people are strongly disposed to escape their responsibilities. They pretend to be worldly-wise and disregard conventional standards of behavior, drinking and breaking the traditional morality naughtily.66. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making theirpleasures illicit,…-The young people found more pleasure in drinking because Prohibition made it a kind of adventure.67. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.-Our young men joined the foreign armies to fight in the war.68. …they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.-they wanted to take part in the adventure of war before it ended.69. …they had outgrown towns and families…-they could not adapt themselves to life in their hometowns and families anymore.70. … the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism ofVersailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition, and the smug patriotism of the war profiteers.-the returning veterans also had to face the stupid cynicism shown by the victorious allies in Versailles who acted just like Napoleon once did. They had to face Prohibition through which the lawmakers hypocritically expected to do good to the people. And they also had to face the self-content patriotic air of the war profiteers.71. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…-Under this pressure something in the young people, who were already very tense, had to break down.72. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pensinflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…-After the war, it was only natural the promising young writers whose thoughts and writings extremely opposed war, Babbittry and “Puritanical” gentility, should come in great numbers to live in the Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.73. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…-Each town was proud that it had a group of wild unconventional people.。

张汉熙版《高级英语》第二册 lesson 1 课后练习答案习题全解I.Las Vegas. Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegas's economy, Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U. S. army. In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. (from The New Columbia Encyclopedia )Ⅱ.以下内容需要回复才能看到1. He didn' t think his family was in any real danger, His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a few feet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed educational toys and supplies.3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty water was sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.4. At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity.5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane.6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm.Ⅲ.1.This piece of narration is organized as follows. .introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict-man versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story.3. John Koshak, Jr. , is the protagonist in the story.4. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.5. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.6. The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing a series of actions in the order of their occurrence.7. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.8. I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,because the hurricane passed, the main characters survived, and the story could come to a natural end.9. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.Ⅳ.1. We' re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Ⅴ.See the translation of the text.Ⅵ.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end ofe by;(American English) pay a visit4.blow in：burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out(a light，fire，generator。

《高级英语》第二册paraphrase整理2014第一课Pub talk and king’s English1.And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings. (Animals and birds are not capable of conversation.)2.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view.3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives.5.It could still go ignorantly on.The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat. We call their meat beef.7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their Frenchagainst his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English madeit difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8.English had come royally into its own.The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by thelower classed.The phrase, the Kin g’s English, has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.10.Te rebellion against a cultural dominance is still here.There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11.Ther e is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us.”There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，the word “dog” is a symbol representi ng a kind of animal. We mustn’t regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself.12.Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips andslides in conversation.Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard, formal English all the time in their conversation.第三课Inaugural address1.And yet the same revolutionary beliet for which our forebears fought is still at issuearound the globe.Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.2.This much we pledge---and more.This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.4.Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced theinstruments of peace.The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.5.To enlarge the area in which its writ may run.We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.6.Before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity inplanned or accidental self-destruction.Before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place7.Yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror thatstays the hand ofmankind’s final war.Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.8.So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign ofweakness.So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.9.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.Each generation of American has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love.Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.第四课Love is a fallacy1. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs.He is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed.2. Fad, I submit, are the very negation of reason.A passing fashion or craze, in my opinion, shows a complete lack of reason.3. I should have known they’d come back when the Charleston came back.I should have known that raccoon coats would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s, came back.4.‘All the big men on campus are wearing them. Where have you been?’All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come u don't know?5. My brain,, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at high speed. 6. With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectly.Except for one thing (intelligence) Polly had all the other requirements.7. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack. She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.8. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.In fact, she went in the opposite direction, that is，she was not intelligent but rather stupid.9. In other words, if you were out the picture, the field would be open. Is that riht?If u were no longer involved with her, others would be free to compete to get her asa girlfriend.10. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat and then looking away from the coat).Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to abandon Polly became weaker.11.To teach her to think seemed to be a rather big task.12. Admittedly it was nota prospect fraught with hope, but I decided to give it one more try.One must admit the outcome did not look very hopeful，butI decided to try one more time.13. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear第五课The sad young man1. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged…At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian socialstructure…The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4. …it wa s tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholicsophistication…In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit…The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6. …Our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7. …they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”The young people wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole war ended.8.…they had outgrown towns and families…These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9. …the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition.The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do-good to the people.10. something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to”give”…(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.11. …it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12. each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality…Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.第六课Loving and hating New York1. Nowad ays New Yorkers can’t understand nor follow the taste of the American people and often disagree with American politics1.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste…2. New York is proud that it is a city that resist the prevailing fashion or styles of America and that it remains to be a place where people can escape uniformity.2.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste…3. …sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California…Situation comedies made in Hollywood anti the live talk show of Johnny Carson now dominate the radio and TV programs in California4 …it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction…New York is making attempts to regain its status as a city that attracts tourists.5 To win in New York is to be uneasy…Even when a person wins in New York, he may well be anxious and fearful, for he is afraid of losing what he has gainedin the coming fierce competition.6. Nature’s pleasures are much qualified i n New York .Since New York is a large and crowded city with a lot of tall buildings, the chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited here.7. …the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.At night, the lights of New York are so proudly bright that the sky seems to be darkened.8. But the purity of a bohemian dedication can be exaggerated.But the pure and wholehearted devotion to a bohemian lifestyle can be overstated 9. In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications headquarters, New York creates very few things but approves many things started by people in other parts of the country.10. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype…The television generation was continually and strongly affected by extravagant promotional advertising11. …those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines.Writers producing long serious novels also earn their living by writing articles for popular magazines.12. Broadway, which seemed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.Broadway, which seemed to be giving up to the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, now becomes flourishing and busy again.13. The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else onthe wrong side of town. Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, do no hide themselves away in slums where other people can't see them14. The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but sometimes it also stimulates_。

高级英语第二册-张汉熙版-7-14课课后答案paraphrase-有对照第七课aA 1…boy and man, I had been through it often before.As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region.2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appaling desolation.But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3….it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly,saddening joke.4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills.The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.6.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.These brick-like houses were made of shabby,thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills ittakes on the color of a rotten egg.8.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.9.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.10.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retroapect, become almost diabolical.They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 11.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.12.on certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly…People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Chris- tian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.13.they meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.14….they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.15.out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．第八课1….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom…Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.2.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being.Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.3…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason an d skill.All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill.4.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing.5.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticiam,”an answer to man’s sense of aloneness andisolation.Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading this kind of ascetic life.6.Work has become alienated from the working person.In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.7. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or pur pose. 8…a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.9…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche,Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.10.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits if it has better relations with the public.11.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity.The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more "high-minded" cover for what is really a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.12….he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.第九课1.with a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The 1oud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.2…their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and the singing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.3…exercised their restive hoeses befor the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4.Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5.These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopian.The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.6.This is the treason of the artist:a refusal to admit thebanality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.7.They were mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.8.Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination will be equal to the task.9.The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city.The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.10.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, and neglect.Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.11.Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.12.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality,and to accept it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize howjust and fair though terrible reality was.第十课1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle aged.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian slcial structure,…The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4…it was tempted, in America at least, to escap e its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication…In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,…The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6…our young men began to enlist u nder foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7…they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.8….they had outgrown towns and families…These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9…the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical dogoodism of Prohibition,…The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already v ery tense, had to break down. 11…it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12.Each town had its”fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.第十一课1…below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive-feeling…The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.2…at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.3….there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor,…There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).4.It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5.Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show…At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.6….while Englishness is not hostile to chan ge, it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake,…Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.7.To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility.To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~8.I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning.I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting,there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9.It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10.They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts.These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11.They can be found, too-though not in largenumbers because the breed is duing out- among crusty High Tories who avoid the City and directors’ fees.They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.12….they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy.They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.13…he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man’s self-respect. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.14.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling andarguing over some small matter.15….heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away polotics.If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.第十二课1.It is a complex fate to be an American…The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2…they were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3.We were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5.Europe can be very crippling too…Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.6…it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse.7.A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of beinga good actor, and in neither case feel threatened.In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.8.I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.9.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.10.On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.11.American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.12.Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumpti ons on the part of the people…Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.第十四课1.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste…Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.2.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends,…New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America.3…sitcomes cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airwaves from California.Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California.4. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.5.To win in New York is to be uneasy…A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).6.nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York.The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7…the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.8.But the purity of a bihemian dedication can be exaggerated.But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9.In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10.The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype,…The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertising.11…those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves in the magazines.Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12.Broadway, which seemed to be succuming to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.13…he prefers the unhealthy haale and the vitality of urban life.(If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.14.The defeated are not hidden away aomewhere else on the wrong side of town.Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't see them.15.The place constantly exasperates, st times exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.。

IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywherea great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette asa piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for thetourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

Pub Talk and the King's English 课后练习题I. Write short notes on： Carlyle, and Lamb.Suggested Reference Books[SRB］1. The Oxford Companion to English Literature2. Any standard book on the history of English literature3。

Encyclopaedia BritannicaIII. Questions on appreciation：1. In what way is “pub talk”connected with “the King's English”? Is the title of the piece well-chosen？2. Point out the literary and historical allusions used in this piece and comment on their use.3。

What is the func tion of para 5? Is the change from "pub talk" to "the King’s English” too abrupt?4。

Do the simple idiomatic expressions like ”to be on the rocks， out of bed on the wrong side, etc。

，” go well with the copious literary and historical allusions the writer uses? Give your reasons。

5. Does the writer reveal his political inclination in this piece of writing? How？IV。