2020高考英语 30分钟专题突破精讲 语法填空
- 格式:doc
- 大小:131.00 KB
- 文档页数:8
专题六介词重难点分析介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。
不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语在句中可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
一、介词从结构上分类一览表介词的分类简单介词只有单独一个词的介词:after, at, on, in, during, since, till/until等(时间介词);across, over, through, past, near, to, above等(方位介词);by, for, down, from, of, off, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, up, with, about, against, along, among, around等复合介词由两个单一词合成的介词:into, inside, onto, outside, throughout, towards, upon, within, without等短语介词形容词、分词或副词+介词:according to, away from, down to, inside of, near to, opposite to, owing to 等连词+介词:as for, as to, because of等介词+介词(又称双重介词):from among, from behind, from under, till after等介词+名词+介词:by means of, in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to等名词+介词:thanks to由其他词类转用分词concerning 关于,considering 鉴于,including 包括,regarding 关于形容词或副词like 像,near 接近,opposite 在……对面,unlike 不像,round 围绕……,next 和……接邻连词than 比,but 除了……之外名词despite 不管、不顾二、主要介词的区别1. 表示时间的at, in, onat表示片刻的时间。
语法填空解题技巧一.题型解读考纲称高考英语课标全国卷语篇型语法填空题(共10小题,每小题15分,满分15分)为”英语知识运用第二节”,考纲的目标指示语为:阅读下面短文,在空自处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
语篇型语法填空题的命题目的主要在于考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语言知识的掌情况,着重考查考生的综合语育运用能力。
其“突出语篇、强调应用”的命题思路,不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则,也体了高中英语课程改革的教学理念二.命题特点1.语篇材料为短文式;短文体裁以记叙文、夹叙夹议文和说明文为主。
2.短文长度在200词左右。
3.选项所考词均属于常用词汇,无超纲词汇,以实词为主。
4.材料话题多为学生所熟知的、积极向上上的、有一定教育意义的、能够传递正能量的题材。
三、解题技巧1.通读全文,把据文章大意考生首先要做的就是通读全文,理解文章大意,为接下来的解题做好语义、语境上的准备。
因为语境决定了空格处要填的是什么意思的词、用什么词性的词、要进行怎样的语法变形等。
2.前题后,先易后难分类对待在对题目进行作答之前,要先对设空前后的内容进行详细地阅读,检查其中是否有提示词存在;而后判断所填词在句子中所充当的成分,如主语、谓语等;最后根据其所充当的句子成分,加之其所处句子的意思和上下文语境等,填入单词的正确形式或填入正确的单词。
例如,动词的现在分词或过去分词,形容词的比较或最高级级等。
做题日时先易后难,遇到一时填不上答案的空,先跳过去,等检查时再重点突破3.准确掌握设题特点,各个突破语法填空题主要有3种设题形式,掌握每一种形式的设题特点,就可以轻松答题(1)不给提示词的题目首先,分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词;然后,根据句意确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。
确定用哪类词可以通过以下方法①在简单句和并列句中,若句子缺主语或资语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)例: l can send a message to Jenny in England whenever I want to, and gets there almost in a second解析:and后面的句子缺少主语,故应填名词或代词:面又根据前半句可知,空格处指代的应是 a message,故此处需填代词让it②名前面若没有限定冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),很可能是填限定词例: It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help rice crop grow up quickly解析:空格后的名词rice前无限定词,故考虑限定词,分析句意可知,此处指的是short-tempered man的庄稼,故填代词his最恰当。
专题一冠词重难点分析冠词是一种虚词,没有词义,不能单独使用,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词主要分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。
历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。
下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行梳理总结。
一、冠词的位置考点示例1 such/what/many/rather/quite + a(n) +形容词+单数可数名词quite a small house, such a little boy2 how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容词+a(n) +单数可数名词so nice a girl3 both/all/half/twice/double + the+名词twice the size of the room4 half a(n)或a half+单数可数名词half an hour / a half hour二、不定冠词考点示例1 表示泛指,与any同义 A square has four sides. 正方形有四边。
2 表示数量“一”,与one同义,但其数的概念不如one强烈He will be back in a week. 一周后,他就会回来了。
3 表示一类人或东西,与the same同义Bird of a feather flock together. 物以类聚,人以群分。
4 表示“每一个”,与every, each, per同义I visit my father once a month. 我一个月见一次我爸爸。
5 表示“某一”,与a certain同义 A Mr. Smith is waiting to see you. 一位斯密斯先生在等着要见你。
6 表示“像……似的”,与like同义He is a Lei Feng in our class. 他是我们班上的雷锋。
7 用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一阵、一份或一场”等We had a heavy rain last night. 我们昨晚遇到了一场大雨。
1Jonny:Hey!I'm just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me?Peter:I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?Jonny:It seems easy,but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.Peter:OK. Don't laugh__1__ me. I may look funny.Jonny:Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches,naturally and__2__(soft).Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly,then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.Peter:I cannot control my body well. My legs become__3__(pain).Jonny:Keep __4__(hold)your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let__5__ stay in the air for seconds.Peter:I feel my legs shaking. I cannot do this any longer.Jonny:Be patient!T ai Chi__6__(call)“shadow boxing”in English. It asks you to act like water:to be flexible as well__7__ strong. In real competition,a T ai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The__8__(hard)you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit. He controls you!Peter:Unbelievable!Oh. . . ,__9__ you don't mind,I'll stop and take a deep__10__.1.解析:laugh at sb. “嘲笑某人”。
专题十三定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的重点。
除了在语法填空中会考到,在书面表达中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。
另外,在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。
常见考点:1. 指物时只用that或which的情况2. 介词+关系代词3. whose的用法及转换形式4. as与which的区别5. 指人时that与who的区别6. 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7. 定语从句的主谓一致问题一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰前面的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,在句中起定语(也就是形容词)的作用。
被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。
引导定语从句的词叫关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)或关系副词(where, when, why)。
如:The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词关系代词二、关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词和关系副词又称关系词,用来引导定语从句,代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。
其用法见下表:词例先行词充当成分例句关系代词who 人主语This is the doctor who saved my life. 这就是那个救了我生命的医生。
whom 人宾语She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you. 她就是那个我想告诉你的新学生。
that 人、物主语、宾语Football is a game that is liked by many people. 足球是一项许多人都喜爱的项目。
The man (that) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚碰到的那个人是我的朋友。
which 物主语、宾语Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请把桌上的那本书递给我。
突破2020-2022高考英语专题:语法填空和短文改错语法填空和短文改错都是高考英语中重要的试题,它们都能检查学生的英语基础掌握情况,尤其是语法知识的掌握情况。
本专题分为三讲:第一讲语法填空,第二讲短文改错,第三讲不可不知的20条语法规则;最后是专题专项集训。
第一讲语法填空语法填空重在语境中考查考生的综合语言运用能力。
它是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语文章中,在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上,挖去10个空所为,这10个空根据有无提示词可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种。
【了解命题规律】从近三年高考来看,语法填空的考点分布如下:一、有提示词类:设置7个小题低频考点,代词:0~1题。
一般给出人称代词的主格,要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
二、无提示词类:设置3个小题【掌握备考策略】一如何应对提示词为动词题【思维流程】二如何应对提示词为其他词题【思维流程】三如何应对纯空格题【思维流程】【即时训练】AAs the rain starts to pound on the windows,you may find your dog hiding under a low piece of furniture or in the corner of a dark room.It’s not unusual for a dog to attempt 1. (become)grounded during storms by seeking 2. lowest place in the house or some place near the house’s pipes.But why?As you might suspect,noise is one of the 3. (reason).Thunderstorms can frighten dogs with noise phobia,4. is a。
语法填空解题技巧卷名体裁考点名词/数词代词冠词介词、动词短语形容词、副词谓语动词非谓语动词并列连词、复合句及其他2019课标全国Ⅰ说明文 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 2018 说明文 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2017 说明文 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 2016 记叙文 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2015 记叙文 1 1 0 1 2 2 2 1 2014 议论文 1 0 1 4 1 1 2 合计7 3 4 5 13 9 12 7 2018课标全国Ⅱ说明文 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2017 说明文 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 0 2016 说明文 2 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 2015 说明文 1 0 1 1 2 1 3 1 2014 记叙文0 1 64 2 2 3 1 合计 6 2 4 5 10 8 10 52018课标全国Ⅲ记叙文 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2017 记叙文 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 2016 说明文 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 合计 4 1 2 3 3 5 7 5①语法填空是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空,考查根据上下文选择合适单词形式的能力。
②语法填空考查形式分为给出提示词和不给提示词两种(数量比一般为7:3)。
给出提示词主要是实词形式的转换,不给提示词主要是根据上下文填入合适虚词。
③语法填空挖空一般比较均匀,所挖的空不会影响学生对短文的整体理解。
④对形容词、副词,非谓语动词及并列句、复合句的考查已成为语篇型填空的热点。
⑤在未来高考语篇型填空中,对动词(谓语动词、非谓语动词)、形容词、副词、名词的考查仍会是考试热点;对于介词、动词短语、复合句的考查仍会是考试的难点。
教师说明:通过纵横填字谜的游戏告诉学生:语法填空和字谜类似,都是根据提供的线索来补充完整空格。
一、如何备考语法填空常见搭配+基本句型和句子成分有提示词 无提示词多阅读培养语篇理解能力二、阅读理解的解题方法习惯无提示词无提示词,只能在空白处填入1个单词,填入单词的词性为冠词、介词、连词、不定代词、助动词、情态动词(口诀:冠介连代助)。
专题十二句子种类重难点分析句子是具有一定的语法结构,表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。
高考重点要求考生:1.掌握陈述句的基本用法;2.掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的应答;3.掌握祈使句的构成及作用;4.掌握感叹句的用法和构成;5.分清简单句、并列句和复合句的类型。
考生对句子种类相关知识的掌握对提高书面表达的准确性也显得尤为重要。
一、句子种类分类句子种类例句按使用目的陈述句肯定句He is six years old. 他六岁了。
否定句She didn’t hear of you before. 她之前没听说过你。
疑问句一般Do they like skating? 他们喜欢溜冰吗?特殊How old is he? 他多大了?选择Is he six or seven years old? 他是六岁还是七岁?反意Mary can swim, can’t she? 玛丽会游泳,不是吗?祈使句Be quiet, boys. Don’t talk in class. 安静,孩子们。
不要在课堂上讲话。
感叹句How clever the boy is! / What a clever boy he is! 一个多么聪明的男孩啊!按结构简单句He often reads English in the morning. 他常常在早晨读英语。
Tom and Mike are American boys. 汤姆和迈克是美国人。
并列句(由并列连词or, and, but等或用分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起)You help him and he helps you. 你帮助他,他也帮助你。
The food was good, but he had little appetite. 饭菜很好吃,但他没什么胃口。
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
专题十四名词性从句重难点分析名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点,也是热点。
名词性从句相当于名词,可作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句(见下表)。
主语从句作主语,用that, whether, if, what(=the thing that)等连接词引导。
宾语从句作宾语,用that(可省略), whether(or not), if, what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。
表语从句用that(一般不省略), whether, what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。
同位语从句用that(常用在news, thought, idea, plan, suggestion, fact等词后),whether等连接词引导。
一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
如:Who will go is not important. 谁将去不是重要的。
1. it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句则是对句子每一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。
如:It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. (主语从句) 你没去看电影真是遗憾。
It is in the morning that the murder took place. (强调句)谋杀案发生的时间是在早晨。
2. 用it作形式主语的结构句型例句1 It is+名词+主语从句It is a fact that…事实是……/ It is an honor that…非常荣幸……/ It iscommon knowledge that………是常识2 It is+形容词+主语从句It is natural that………很自然/ It is strange that…奇怪的是……(此句型后面常接虚拟语气should+动词原形)3 It+不及物动词+主语从句It seems that…似乎……/ It happened that…碰巧……/ It appears that…似乎……4 It is/has been+过去分词+It is reported that…据报道……/ It has been proved that…据证实……/ It is主语从句said that…据说……/ It is believed that 据认为/一般人都认为……2. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况说明例句1 if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首Whether he will come or not in unknown. (正)If he will come or not is unknown. (误)2 It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前It is said that Jiang will visit our school next week. (正) Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (误)3 It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (正) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (误)4 It doesn’t matter how/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (正) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (误)5 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前Isn’t likely that it will rain in the evening? (正) Is that it will rain in the evening likely? (误)二、宾语从句宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
2020年高考英语语法填空原文.译文.长难句解析及答案详解第一部分:语法填空原文和译文China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The umiiainied Chang 匕・4 probe (探[则器)-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 6Itouched_ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin・ Landing on the moon's far side is _62extremely_ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon'sbody blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _63where_ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64interes(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)z more so 65than_ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instnunents onboard Chang^e-466to find一(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, " Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, " because it _67means_ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68is construeted_ (construct) " Data about the moon^s composition, such as how69much_ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _70it‘ s_ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的)base are practical. 中国已经成为首个让飞行器在月球背而着陆的国家。
第八题语法填空Newly-developed robotic arms by Chinese researchers 1 (show)at a sci-tech exhibition on Tuesday in east China's Anhui Province. The robotic arms, developed by researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC), have advance grasping abilities compared 2 those on the market. They can complete flexible movements including 3 (pick) up pieces of paper, bowls, soft tofu and cakes and placing them in certain places accurately. With the arms, robots can grasp and place different objects 4 (steady) after judging the shape and size of the item.The current robotic arms in China can hardly conduct such complex movements, 5 imported robotic arms with such functions are very expensive."The new robotic arms cost no more than 1 , 000 yuan , " said Chen Xiaoping , 6 ( direct ) of the Robotics Laboratory at USTC, adding that this gives them an advantage for much 7 (wide) application.According to Chen , the arms 8 ( be ) first installed on " Kejia " , 9 home service robot developed by USTC, and are expected 10 (use) in more fields such as the elderly care services and logistics in the future.【答案】本文是一篇新闻报道,简要介绍了中国机械手研究所取得的成就。
第一题语法填空(一)Scientists have known for years that people who exercise tend to live longer than those who do not . Perhaps one of the best things we can do for our bodies is to 1 (simple) take a walk .Some people might think that walking is not intense(剧烈的) enough 2 (offer) any health benefits . They may say that playing sports or running hard would be much better because they tend to use more energy.Walking also has many 3 (hide) benefits, which we are just starting to understand. One of the best things about walking is that it can strengthen our heart s .Walking will pump blood faster and give our circulatory system(血液循环系统)a workout. This also helps to control blood 4 (press). As a result, we can lower 5 chance of having a stroke by up to 27 percent.Even a short 30-minute walk 6 3 kilometers per hour can burn 75 calories for a person who 7 ( weigh ) 60 kilograms . A daily walking routine can be a good part of an overall weight loss plan. Studies show that about 75 percent of people who try to lose weight by 8 (jog)will give up within six months. Walking causes the brain to release endorphins(内啡肽)throughout the body, 9 helps to lighten our mood. They also make us feel 10 (relax) ,more alert and happier. Walking is an excellent way to reduce stress and anger.1.【答案】simply【解析】考查副词。
专题五形容词和副词+比较等级重难点分析形容词和副词的比较等级是英语高考语法填空的常考点,命题形式一般是用所给词语的适当形式填空;若是需要填more, most或fewer, less, least时,可能也会不给出原级。
系动词后接形容词作表语和一些常用副词(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考的热点之一。
一、形容词和副词在句中的作用1.形容词在句中通常作定语、表语和补语。
如:English is a useful language.英语是一门有用的语言。
(作定语)English is useful.英语很有用。
(作表语)I find English useful.我觉得英语很有用。
(作补语)2.副词在句中作做状语,修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语,或者整个句子。
如:He walked quickly in order to get there on time.他为了按时到达那里,走得很快。
(修饰动词walked)He walked very quickly.他走得很快。
Obviously, I believe we can win it. 显然,我相信我能够赢得胜利。
二、形容词和副词的比较等级1. 形容词副词的规则变化。
(1) 一般在词尾直接加er或est。
如:long—longer—longest。
(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的,在词尾直接加r或st。
如:nice—nicer—nicest。
(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变为i,再加er或est。
如:heavy—heavier—heaviest。
(4) 以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读音节,双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加er或est。
如:big—bigger—biggest。
(5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级。
如:slowly—more slowly—most slowly;beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful。
专题八非谓语动词重难点分析动词分两种:一、谓语动词;二、非谓语动词。
非谓语动词是高考的重点,几乎是每年的必考点。
追踪这几年高考英语可以发现,主要考查了非谓语动词的一般用法和含义,但是题目的设计注重了情景化,结构较为复杂,考生应予以重视,并下大力气掌握非谓语动词的用法。
一、非谓语动词的分类、构成与功能一览表非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定时to do,to be doing,to have done,to have beendoingto be done,to have beendone在to、动名词、分词前+not/neverfor sb. to dosth.具有名词、副词和形容词的作用,在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语、状语、宾补(在let, make, see, feel, notice等动词后作宾补时不带to)分词现在分词doing,having donebeing done,having beendone具有副词、形容词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、状语、宾补(常用在see, find, feel,keep, get, have等动词之后) 过去分词done动名词doing,having donebeing done,having beendonesb.’s doing具有名词的作用,在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语二、作宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式作宾语的动词或短语hope, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happenwould like, take steps/measures/actions, make up one’s mind, try one’s best, make efforts to只接动名词作宾mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, avoid, risk, resist, consider语的动词或短语feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth,be busy, pay attention to, stick to, adapt to两者都可以意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)need, want, allow, require (接动名词主动形式是表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)意义相反stop to do 停止做手中的事,去做另外一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do (指动作尚未发生);remember/forget/regret doing (指动作已经发生)go on to do (接着做另外一件事)go on doing (接着做同一件事)try to do (设法;努力去做)try doing (试着做)mean to do (打算做;企图做)mean doing (意思是;意味着)can’t help (to) do (不能帮忙做) can’t help doing 忍不住/禁不住要做三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别类别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want,wish, encourage (接带to的不定式) 主谓关系;强调动作将发生或已经完成I expect them to win thegame.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let,make, observe, listen to (接不带to的不定式)I heard him call meseveral times.现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have,feel, observe, catch (即:感官动词和使役动词)主谓关系;强调动作正在进行,尚未完成I found her listening tothe radio.过去分词动宾关系;动作已经完成,多强调状态We found the villagegreatly changed.四、现在分词和过去分词的用法对比分类项目现在分词过去分词例句意义表示主动意义表示被动意义I can hear him singing.I can hear the song sung in English.动作所表示的动作一般在进行中所表示的动作已完成China is a developing country while America is adeveloped one.语义意思为“令人……”意思为“感到……”It is an exciting match, so we are excited.五、特别提示1. 关于不定式(1) 不定式作介词宾语时,如前面有实义动词do(各种形式),则不定式不带to;否则不能省略to。
语法填空专题精讲语法填空专题-----有提示词精讲考点一:动词★在语法填空中,动词首先都要注意区分谓与非谓;突破点1:若是谓语,则考虑时态和语态,还有语气,并注意主谓一致;突破点2:若是非谓,则考虑主动还是被动,进行还是完成,以及固定搭配(如“be+done+介词”,除了by,该固搭表状态,不表被动)!突破点3:及物动词要带宾语,如无宾,则被动!及物动词不用介词!突破点4:注意一些接双宾语的动词突破点5:另外,注意主谓之间有插入语的情况,如定从、非谓和介短等,导致主谓不能被快速识别,解题时圈出插入语,主谓即现。
考点二名词★在语法填空中,名词首先都要注意区分可数与不可数;若是可数,则考虑复数形式或限定词(指冠词或形代等),还有所有格;若是不可数,则考虑限定词;不可数名词前不用冠词,也没有复数形式(除非是抽象名词具体化的情况)注意固定搭配!考点三:形容词/副词★在语法填空中,都要注意区分形容词和副词;若是形容词,则考虑形容词是否要变为副词,否则,考生需要考虑形容词或副词的级别或反义词;另外,注意某些本身既可以作形容词又可以作副词的单词(如:hard, late);注意形容词和副词的各种变化形式(含构词法)!警惕少数以-ly结尾的形容词,如:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、motherly、timely 、costly等。
语法填空专题-----无提示词精讲一、冠词备选答案:a/an/the注意事项:特指与泛指;语境与固定搭配;若是泛指,则用a, 碰到以元音字母开头并发元音音素的单词,则用an 。
二、介词备选答案:常见的介词有23个:in,on,at,to, for,of, off,from,as作为,with有,without没有,about关于,between在……之间,among在……当中,after,through,across,since自从,like像,into,than, besides,except注意事项:本义;语境与固定搭配三、代词备选答案:见人称代词表,注意不定代词注意事项:分清人与物;单与复;男与女四、连词备选答案:并列连词:and, but, so, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, both…and…,从属连词:三大从句连词(熟记并活用)1、定语从句:关系代词that 作句子成分:主、宾、表关系代词:指人who, whom, whose, as(正如)(介词+ whom)指物that, which, whose, as (正如)(介词+ which)关系副词:when where why (注意:其前需有对应的先行词!)2、名词性从句:连词:that 没有任何意义, 不作句子成分, 只起连接作用;if/whether 有“是否” 之意;连接代词:指人who, whom, whose, whoever, whomever指物which, whose, whichever, what, whatever连接副词:when, where, why,how, however, whenever, wherever(注意:how, however后面可接形容词)3、状语从句when(当……时),while(在……期间),once(一旦),if(如果),unless(除非),than(比),before,after,where,until/till,as(随着,一边……一边……),since (自从,从句用一般过去式时,主句用现在完成时。
2020山东英语高考语法填空解析语法填空是英语高考中一种常见的题型,它主要考查学生的语法和词汇知识,包括词性转换、词义辨析、固定搭配等。
在2020年的山东英语高考中,语法填空题目的难度和形式都有所变化,下面我们就来一起看看这些变化以及如何应对。
首先,我们要了解,语法填空部分主要考查的是学生的词汇和语法知识。
在2020年的山东英语高考中,这一部分的题目形式有所变化。
原来的题目通常会给出句子的一部分,让学生根据语法规则填空,而今年的题目则更多地考查了学生对词汇的掌握情况,例如一些固定搭配和常用习语的使用。
其次,对于词性转换的考查也更加频繁。
这需要学生在理解句子的基础上,根据需要转换词性,并保证句子的语法正确。
例如,在今年的高考中,就有题目要求学生对形容词进行转译,变成了副词。
再次,对于固定搭配和常用习语的考查也更加深入。
这就需要学生不仅知道单词的基本含义和用法,还要了解它们在固定搭配和常用习语中的用法。
例如,“be fond of”这个短语在今年的高考中就作为一个填空题出现,考查的就是学生的固定搭配掌握情况。
那么,如何应对这样的题目呢?首先,学生需要加强词汇的学习,不仅要记住单词的含义和用法,还要注意单词之间的词性转换和固定搭配的区别。
其次,学生需要加强对语法的理解,尤其是时态、语态、语气等重要语法点。
再次,学生需要多做题,通过大量的练习来熟悉题目的形式和考查重点。
最后,对于句子结构的理解也是非常重要的。
学生需要理解句子的基本结构,知道主语、谓语、宾语、状语等句子成分的位置和作用。
这样在填空的时候才能更加准确。
总的来说,对于语法填空这一题型,学生需要注重词汇和语法的积累和学习,多做题来熟悉题目的形式和考查重点。
只要学生能够做到这些,就一定能够在高考中取得好成绩。
以上就是关于2020年山东英语高考语法填空解析的内容,希望对大家有所帮助。
祝你学习愉快,考试成功!。
2014高考英语30分钟专题突破精讲:语法填空完形填空题型解读与技法点拨[高考示例]Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all!It speaks __36__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __37__ than we realize. In fact, nonverbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really __38__.And body language is particularly __39__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed, what is called body language is so __40__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__41__, different societies treat the __42__ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having __43__ contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with __44__. People from Latin American countries, __45__, touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in __46__, it may look like a Latino is __47__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving __48__. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep __49__ — which the Latino wil l in return regard as __50__.Clearly, a great deal is going on when people __51__.And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from __52__ cultures, there's a strong possibi lity of __53__. But whatever the situation, the best __54__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __55__.B.louderC.harder D.further37.A.sounds B.invitationsC.feelings D.messages38.A.hope B.receiveC.discover D.mean39.A.immediate B.misleadingC.important D.difficult40.A.well B.farC.much D.long41.A.For example B.ThusC.However D.In short42.A.trade B.distanceC.connections D.greetings43.A.eye B.verbalC.bodily D.telephone44.A.strangers B.rel ativesC.neighbours D.enemies45.A.in other words B.on the other handC.in a similar way D.by all means46.A.trouble B.conversationC.silence D.experiment47.A.disturbing B.helpingC.guiding D.following48.A.closer B.fasterC.in D.away49.A.stepping forward B.going onC.backing away D.coming out50.A.weakness B.carelessnessC.friendliness D.coldness51.A.talk B.travelC.laugh D.think52.A.different B.EuropeanC.Latino D.rich53.A.curiosity B.excitementC.misunderstanding D.nervousness54.A.chance B.timeC.result D.advice55.A.noticed B.treatedC.respected D.pleased一、题型解读——完形填空五大考查方向高考完形填空不仅考查考生是否熟悉课标所规定的词汇、语法结构、常见的词与词之间的搭配,还考查考生的分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力。
综合而言,完形填空主要测试考生以下5个方面的能力。
(一)上下文语义理解完形填空首先从语篇的角度综合测试考生对文章的理解能力,需要考生在充分理解上下文的基础上填入一个符合上下文语境的词,从而使文章意思完整。
上下文语义理解题在完形填空题中比重最大。
考生在做完形填空题时,切忌只见树木,不见森林,抛开语篇孤立地看句子的做题方法是绝对不可取的。
[示例] (2012·新课标全国卷37题)Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks__36__than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __37__ than we realize.37.A.sounds B.invitationsC.feelings D.messages[解析] 选D 本段第一句表明身势语(body language)是所有语言中最有力量的语言,故我们的身体发送的“信息”比我们意识到的更多。
(二)句际关系除了理解文中各个句子的含义,完形填空还要求考生能够把握前后句子之间的逻辑关系,并根据前后的逻辑关系选择正确的关联词或过渡词,从而使上下文形成合理的衔接。
[示例] (2012·新课标全国卷41题)And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__41__, different societies treat the __42__ between people differently.41.A.For example B.ThusC.However D.In short[解析] 选 A 前面说误会因此发生,后文是一个实例,所以这里承上启下,用for example。
(三)语法结构语法结构分析题在每年的完形填空中所占的比重较小,主要集中于考查定语从句、状语从句、倒装句、比较句或并列平行结构等语法项目,选项常设置为这些语法结构的结构连词。
[示例] (2012·全国卷Ⅱ21题)Around twenty years ago I was living in York.__21__ I had a lot of experience and a Master's degree, I could not find satisfying work.21.A.As B.ThoughC.If D.When[解析] 选B 考查状语从句中的连词。
句意:尽管我有许多经验和硕士学位,但还是不能找到满意的工作。
though在句中引导让步状语从句;as引导让步状语从句时需要使用部分倒装;if引导条件状语从句;when引导时间状语从句。
(四)固定搭配虽然考查词语的固定搭配在完形填空题中所占比重较小,但也是考查重点之一,主要包括动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语等习惯性搭配及英语中一些常用的固定句式。
[示例] (2012·福建卷54题)If we can allow our children to be themselves without prejudice, they'll build friendships with people, regardless of race or religion, who will be __54__ their side through thick and thin.54.A.from B.byC.with D.against[解析] 选B 考查固定搭配。
by one's side through thick and thin“和某人同甘共苦;共同支持”。
(五)词语辨析英语中有很多近义或形近的易混词语,有些词语在意义上十分相近,但在用法上却存在细微区别;有的词语词形上十分相近,词义却大相径庭;动词搭配不同的介词或副词,意义差别很大,考生尤需熟悉常用动词短语。
完形填空题中常会涉及到这些近义、形近词的辨析与辨认(包括动词短语的辨析),这就要求考生不但要能够充分理解上下文,还要对这些近义或形近词有比较扎实的掌握。
[示例](2012·辽宁卷38题)My hearing was damaged by the __38__ of farm equipment ...38.A.sound B.ala rmC.noise D.voice[解析] 选C 考查近义词辨析。
句意:我的听力受到了农场设备噪音的损害。
sound“声音;响声”;alarm“警报;警报器”;noise“噪音”;voice“声音”。
二、技法点拨——完形填空七大解题技巧解答完形填空题的关键在于能否准确理解上下文中的“照应”关系,迅速排除干扰选项,而要想做到这一点,掌握一定的技巧和方法是十分必要的。