2012年中考英语考点知识21动词主谓一致
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中考英语复习:主谓一致和倒装句从单项选择到书面表达,都可能涉及到主谓一致的题,是中考试卷必考题目。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
主谓一致必须遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致,即主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式;若主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式。
就近一致原则也叫邻近原则,是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
倒装句因为与汉语语言习惯的不同和较多的句型结构而成为初中英语的难点,在中考试卷中也总有一定的比例,尤其在阅读理解和完形填空中对上下文的理解会有很大的影响,因此也是中考复习的重点。
语法一致原则谓语和主语通常从语法形式上取得一致,主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也为复数形式。
如:The boy is clever enough to study maths well.这个男孩够聪明,可以把数学学好。
Everybody in my class tries to do well in English.我们班每个人都努力学好英语。
下列情况谓语动词只能用单数:1)不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:Water is very important to the trees.水对树来说非常重要。
2)动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:To improve your English is the most important work.提高你的英语是最重要的工作。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
初中英语知识点归纳主谓一致主谓一致是英语语法中的重要知识点,它指的是句子中的主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。
主谓一致的正确运用可以使句子结构完整,表达清晰,下面将对初中英语主谓一致的相关知识进行归纳总结。
一、第一人称和第三人称的一致1. 当主语为单数第一人称(I)时,谓语动词要用第一人称的单数形式。
例:I am a student.(我是一个学生。
)2. 当主语为单数或复数的第三人称(he、she、it、they)时,谓语动词要用第三人称的单数形式。
例:She works in a hospital.(她在医院工作。
)They like playing football.(他们喜欢踢足球。
)二、主谓一致的特殊情况1. 当主语为复数形式时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
例:We are students.(我们是学生。
)They are teachers.(他们是老师。
)2. 当主语为不可数名词时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
例:Water is important for our health.(水对我们的健康很重要。
)Time flies.(时光飞逝。
)三、连接词和主谓一致当句子中出现连接词“or”、“nor”时,谓语动词要与最近的主语保持一致。
例:Tom or his friends are going to the party.(汤姆或者他的朋友们要去参加聚会。
)四、不定代词和主谓一致1. 当主语为不定代词“each”、“every”、“either”、“neither”、“everyone”、“somebody”等时,谓语动词要用第三人称的单数形式。
例:Each boy has his own dream.(每个男孩都有自己的梦想。
)Everybody loves the beautiful sunset.(每个人都喜爱美丽的日落。
)2. 当主语为不定代词“some”、“many”、“a lot of”、“most of”等时,谓语动词根据主语而定。
中考英语语法专项复习:主谓一致主谓一致的原则有三个:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
◆一语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词,复数主语要用复数谓语动词。
如:①My bike is under the tree.我的自行车在树下.②These books are old .这些书是旧的。
1。
and和bot h…and连接两个或三个名词、代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.①Mike and John are good friends 。
迈克和约翰是好朋友.②Both bread and milk are good for you 。
面包和牛奶对你都有好处.2. 主语后接with ,as well as ,including , besides ,except ,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的数由主语的单复数形式决定。
①He with his parents is working in the fields 。
他正和他的父母在地里干活.②She as well as other students likes playing computer games。
她和其他学生一样,也喜欢玩电脑游戏。
3. 当主语前有every 。
each 。
either。
neither修饰或each 。
either。
Neither 作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.如:①Every minute is important to us . 每分钟对我们都很重要。
②Each student has a book 。
每一个学生都有一本书。
③Each of the girls has a big apple in their hands 。
每一个女孩的手里都有一个苹果。
④Either answer is correct 。
两个答案都是正确的。
4. 不定代词either ,neither , each one , the other ,another ,anybody , anything , someone ,nobody , nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。
2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
(1)语法一致原则:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.(2)意义一致原则:主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。
主语为单数,谓语用单数;主语为复数,谓语用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.(3)就近一直原则:当主语有两个或两个以上时,谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。
并列主语的谓语一致1.And(1)两个单数名词用and连接,表示不同概念时,谓语用发复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.(2)两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个概念,或表示不可分割的整体时,谓语用单数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.(3)被every,each,many a,no等限定的单数名词由and连接时,谓语仍用单数,其中,后一个限定词可以省略。
every ……and ……every,each……and……each,no……and……no, many a……and……many a。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.(4)一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事,这种名词作主语,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。
Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.(5)由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数What he says and does do not agree.(言行不一致)What he says and does does not concern me.2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。
主谓一致和倒装句考点聚焦和精讲【中考主谓一致和倒装句考点聚焦】1、主谓一致(包括:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和邻(就)近一致原则);2、倒装句。
一主谓一致在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。
主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和邻(就)近一致原则。
1、语法一致的原则语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语也必须采用复数形式。
(1)主语是以下情况时,谓语动词用单数形式:不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等。
1.Coffee more popular in western countries. 咖啡在西方国家更流行。
2.The girl under the tree my friend. 在树下的女孩是我的朋友。
3.He to school early every morning. 他每天早上上学早4.To work hard necessary for a student. 对于学生来说努力学习是必要的。
5.Doing eye exercises good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
6.What he said not true. 他说的话是不对的。
【注意】what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况下用单数形式,但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词可以用复数形式。
What he left me are some old books. 他留给我的是一些旧书。
(2)主语是可数名词复数、复数代词,谓语动词用复数形式。
1.Some boys playing in the park. 一些男孩在公园里玩。
2.They been swimming for 2 hours. 他们已经游泳两个小时了。
主谓一致(2012中考学生版)【考点分析】主谓一致是历年中考的必考点之一,09广东、2011广东的单项选择均有出现。
主要考查内容涉及名词单复数、不可数名词作主语,不定代词、并列结构作主语,特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致。
命题形式主要有:单项选择、完型填空、看图填空等。
【知识回顾】1.Helen, along with her brothers, _________(have) gone abroad. (u5 p 21)2. Neither my mother nor my father ______(like) it, but I like it very much.(u5 p 21)3. The writer and speaker ______(give) a speech on in her hometown now. (u5 p 22)4. Most of the students in our class _________(be) for the plan. (u5 p 23)【一语中的】主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
包括三大原则:语法一致,意义一致以及就近一致原则。
【知识精讲】一.语法一致1.1)The baby _____(be) crying now.2)The stories in that book ____(be) interesting.3) There_______ (be) some milk in the glass.【规则1】主语是单数或不可数名词,谓语用单数。
复数名词做主语,谓语用复数形式。
2.1) Doing eye exercises regularly ________(be) good for your eyes.2) To eat ______(be) to live.3)When and where to build the new factory _______ yetA . is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not been decidedD. have not been decided.4)Where she has gone _________(be) not known yet.5)What we need _______(be) time but what they need _____good textbook.【规则2】主语是_______或_______或_______作主语时,谓语一般用_______。
“主谓一致”考点归纳“主谓一致”“主谓一致”一般应遵循以下三个原则:1、语法一致原则:即,主语为单数,谓语为单数;主语为复数,谓语为复数。
2、意义一致原则:意义一致原则:即,主语形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,此时谓语动词也应采用___数形式;主语形式上虽为复数,但如果把它当整体看待,谓语动词也应该用___数。
3、就近一致原则:即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近它的主语。
一、动词用单数:1、主语是抽象概念时:eg. Maths _____(be) a main subject in a middle school.Two and three ______ (make) five.2、主语是something, anything, nothing, everything, someone, anyone,everyone等不定代词时:eg. I wish everything ______ (go) well.Please wake me up when everything ___(be) ready, will you?3、时间、重量、金钱、长度、距离、价格等做主语时:eg. Ten minutes ______ (be) enough for me to work out the mathsproblem.4、each, neither, eithereg. There’re two pens on the desk. Neither of them ______ (be) mine.5、every 做定语时:Every child in the family _________ (give) a Christmas present yesterday.6、动词不定式、动名词、从句做主语时eg. 1). What he said _______(interest) us.2).To see ______(be) to believe. 3). Eating too bad foryour health.6、one and a half +复数名词做主语时:eg. One and a half apples is left on the table.二、动词用复数1、people, police等集体名词做主语时:eg. The Chinese people _____(have) the habit of drinking tea.The police ___________ (catch)the thief at the moment.2、某些形容词前面加the表示一类人,谓语动词用复数:eg. The old _________(be) taken good care of in our country.三、“There be”句型及含有短语“neither… nor, either… or,not only …butalso…”的句子,其谓语动词要符合“就近一致”原则.eg. Neither Tom nor I _______ (be) interested in playing volleyball.There _________(be) two pens and a pencil on the desk.= There ______(be) a pencil and two pens on the desk.Neither Tom nor his parents ____ (have) been to the Great Wall.Neither his parents nor Tom is at home. Tom和他的父母都不在家。
中考英语专题复习之主谓一致和倒装句一、主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1.语法一致原则指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
a.单数名词、不定式、动名词、不定代词、从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;b.主语后接with,along with,as well as,including,besides,like,except,but等短语时,谓语动词的单复数只与介词前的名词有关。
c.常以复数形式出现的名词(shoes,clothes,glasses,gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数,但这些名词前被a pair of修饰时,谓语动词需用单数。
d.a number of+名词复数(许多),作主语,谓语用复数;the number of+名词复数(…的数量),作主语,谓语用单数。
e.the +形容词,表示一类人,作主语,谓语用复数;f.a lot of,lots of,plenty of+名词,分数/百分数+of+名词作主语,谓语动词与后面的名词保持一致;g.在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语,其谓语动词与先行词保持一致;h.在倒装句中,谓语动词应与其后的主语保持一致;i.不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
j.and或both…and…连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
k.单数名词,不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词作主语,谓语用复数形式。
2.意义一致原则指谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
a.police,people等作主语时,谓语动词用复数;b.news,physics,maths以及以s结尾的书名、国名作主语时,谓语用单数;c.由and连接的两个名词作主语,指同一概念时,谓语用单数. The doctor and writer is very famous.d.书名、报纸名、国家等复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数;e.one and a half后接名词复数作主语时,谓语用单数;One and a half cakes is a good meal for him.f.表度量、价格、时间、长度的复数名词作主语时,通常被看做一个整体,谓语用单数。
中考英语知识点梳理主谓一致讲解主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
在英语中,主谓一致是非常重要的语法规则,它能够帮助我们正确地表达句子的语法结构和意思。
下面是关于中考英语主谓一致的知识点梳理。
1.一般情况下,主谓一致是指主语是单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;主语是复数时,谓语动词要用原形。
例:- He plays basketball every day.(他每天都打篮球。
)- They play basketball every day.(他们每天都打篮球。
)2. 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要加上-s或-es。
例:- She likes reading.(她喜欢阅读。
)- He goes to school by bus.(他坐公交车去学校。
)3. 当主语是以-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o结尾的名词时,谓语动词要加上-es。
例:- The bus stops here.(公交车在这里停。
)- Tom watches TV every evening.(汤姆每天晚上看电视。
)4. 当主语是以辅音字母+y结尾的名词时,谓语动词要变成以-ies结尾。
例:- The baby cries all night.(婴儿整晚哭。
)- The puppies play in the garden.(小狗在花园里玩。
)5.当主语是以元音字母+y结尾的名词时,谓语动词要加上-s。
例:- The toy is on the bed.(玩具在床上。
)- The boy stays at home.(男孩待在家里。
)6.当主语是由两个或多个名词作并列主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
例:- Tom and his friends are going to the park.(汤姆和他的朋友们要去公园。
)- My father and mother are doctors.(我的爸爸和妈妈是医生。
中考英语语法丨主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则的含义:谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则:(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Both he and I are right.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。
例如:The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
2012年中考英语考点21动词主谓一致有关动词的重点:只有动词才能作谓语。
动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词等。
(一)联系动词:be,become(成为),turn(变颜色),grow(变天气),look,smell,taste,sound(good√,well×),seem,feel。
(二)有关use的词组:①used to do过去常常作,be used to doing 习惯于。
1. ---My aunt goes to climb mount Gu every Sunday.---Oh !But she________hate climbing mountain.A. used toB. use toC. uses toD. is used to2. Lilei is used to getting early.注意:used to do 的否定式为used not to do 或didn’t use to疑问式为:Did sb use to? 或used sb…?②人+use sth for doing = 人+use sth to do 用某物做…其被动形式为:物+be used to do = 物+be used for doingPeople use stone for building houses = People use stone to build houses.Stone is used for building houses = Stone is used to build houses.(三)can’t表示“不可能”即否定性推测。
mustn’t禁止、不可能;must“一定”表示肯定性推测;must引起的问句,其否定回答为needn’t.1. The man _______be Li Lei.Li Lei has gone to Beijing.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. may notD. needn’t2. A lot of cars are coming and going. You_______go across the street.A. needn’tB. may notC. mustn’tD. must3. Must I return the book tomorrow morning? No, you_______. You_______keep it for three days.A. mustn’t, mayB. mustn’t, mustC. needn’t, canD. needn’t, may4. ---Look! The man at the gate _______be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning. ---No, it be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now.A. must, can’tB. must, mustn’tC. can, can’tD. can, mustn’t(四)及物动词与介词搭配:give, show, pass, lend+物+to+ sb = give(…)sb sthmake, sing, buy+物+for+ sb = make(sing, buy)sb sth(五)及物动词+副词结构, 构成的动词短语的宾语是人称代词时,把代词放中间get (it) back,put (it) on,take (it) off,turn (it) on,pick (it) up,try (it) on,look (it) up,wake (me) up,put (it) up.1. Smoking is bad for your health. You’d better_______.A. give up itB. give it upC. take out itD. take it out基础知识:情态动词(一)can:①表能力“能,会”;②表推测“可能”;③表允许“可以”。
1. --- you pass me a pen? I’d like to write down the phone number. ---Sure, Here it is.A. CanB. NeedC. MightD. Must(二)could:can的过去式,表过去的能力。
但could本身也可作情态动词,表委婉请求。
(三)may:①允许“可以”;②表推测“可能”。
1. I swim when I was ten years old.2. John go there with as tonight, but he is not very sure about it.A. mustB. canC. willD. may(四)must:①主观看法“必须”;②推测“一定”。
(五)need:①情态动词:need+动原②实义动词:need to do③need doing=need to be done1. You worry about me. It’s nothing serious.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. won’t(六)情态动词的被动态:情态动词+be+过分(七)may be 和maybe ①maybe用于句首,可能;②may be可能是1. If you eat bad food, you ill. A. may be B. can’t be C. must D. maybe练习1. ---May we play football in the street?---No, you . It’s dangerous.A. canB. mustn’tC. mayD. may not2. The man in the office be Mr. Black because he went home just now.A. mustn’tB. may notC. can’tD. needn’t3. The old man was quite weak after the accident. So he .A. must be take care ofB. must take care ofC. must be looked after4. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish into the river.A. needn’t be thrownB. mustn’t be thrownC. can’t throwD. may not throw5. ---Hurry up, please!---It’s quite early, you worry about the time.A. mustn’tB. may notC. needn’tD. can’t6. ---There’s somebody at the door. Who it be?---No, it be him. It’s just seven o’clock. It’s too early.A. may, can’tB. will, won’tC. may, mustn’t7. ---Excuse me, could I borrow some money from you?---Of course you .A. couldB. canC. mustD. need8. The flower every day, or they’ll die.A. must waterB. can be wateredC. should waterD. must be watered9. ---What did your PE teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting.---He said that I better. A. can do B. am C. will do D. could do10. ---Where’s Lucy?---I’m not sure. She in the library.A. maybeB. mustC. may beD. will be主谓一致即谓语动词的数与主语的单复数一致:(一)One,every one,each one,any one,each,either,nine of+复数+单谓。
Every one of the students is studying hard. Neither of the girls is able to answer it.1. Neither of the two brothers with their parents.A. liveB. are livingC. like to liveD. lives2. of the boys in Class4 is playing games.A. AllB. EachC. The both(二)不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语用单数To teach is to learn. Playing with fire is dangerous.1. Palying baseball Dale’s favourite sport.A. isB. areC. were(三)主语后跟含有with. except. together. with. as well as等短语时, 单复数应根据主语而定,而不受这些短语的影响。
1. Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began.A. areB. isC. wereD. was(四)主语为people. Police. cattle(家禽)poultry(家畜)等时,谓语用复数。
The police are looking for the missing child. Most people think so.(五)主语为复数而意义为单数,谓语用单数:①news,works(作品,工作),physics,politic政治,mathematics数学,谓语用单数;②trousers, Shoes, glasses为主语时, 谓语用复数,当前面有a pair of修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。
1. I think physics ________maths.A. is so useful asB. are more useful asC. are as useful asD. is much more useful than(六)表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语做主语时,即使其中的名词为复数名词,谓语动词也应用单数形式:Three years has already passed quickly.Fifty yuan is enough.(七)由every,some,any,no构成的复合不定式代词做主语时,谓语用单数。