动词ing做主语、宾语、定语、表语和宾补

年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语编稿老师林静【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语二. 知识精讲（一）动词的ing形式作表语1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。

Her duty is taking care of the babies.照看婴儿是她的职责。

Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋The film we saw last night is quite moving.我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。

（二）动词的ing形式作定语1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。

a walking stick手杖 reading room 阅览室 washing machine洗衣机2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。

Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running).没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。

The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。

The bridge _bu_i_lt_ last year is two kilometers long.
The bridge t_o_b_e_b_u_ilt next year will be two kilometers long.
V-ing与V-ed作定语的区别：
表示心理状态的动词：excite, interest, inspire, encourage, frighten, move, please, puzzle, surprise, tire, worry.
D. running; surprising
• I would have him _____ for me at the school gate.
A. wait B. waits C. waiting D. waited
3.V-ing 作主语：
1. Reading aloud is important in learning a foreign language.
V-ing被动式：being done
being done --表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，正在进行.
done --动作发生在谓语动词之前，完成了的动作 --动作发生在谓语动词之后，未来的动作用 to be done.
The bridge b_e_in_g b_u_ilt now is two kilometers long.
（2）有些动词既可接动名词又可 接不定式作宾语，意义上没有什
么区别。 如：begin, start, like, love, prefer
V-ing表示一般概念或经常性、习惯性的 动作；
to V 表示具体的一次性动作。
（3）某物作主语时，谓语动词 need, want, require等之后的宾语 用V-ing 的主动形式，或者用不定

E.g.The workers were kept working the whole night. (主语补足语)
1）位于感官动词后(see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，notice等)。
E.g.I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.我感到有人拍我的肩膀。
动词的-ing形式作表语，定语，宾语补足语
一、导入
分析例子导入：（2014四川）The managerwas satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.
A. having developedB. to develop C. developedD. develop
时态语态
主动
被动
一般时
doing
being done
完成时
having done
having been done
二、(1)动词-ing分为动名词和现在分词两类。
(2)动名词兼有动词和名词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
(3)现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。
2.动词-ing兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征时，可以作前置定语(具有动词、形容词的特征)，也可
以作后置定语(兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征)，表示正在进行的动作或某种状态，单个动词-ing作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之前；动词-ing短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
E.g.The girl standing there (=The girl who is standing there) is my classmate.

动词ing做宾补-表语-定语-状语及综合练习2高中英语语法动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find 等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。

We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。

I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。

I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。

2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。

用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。

He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。

(She was getting on the car.)He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。

(She got on the car and drove off.)Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗？(Someone is knocking at the door.)Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗？(Someone knocked at the door just now.)提示：如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。

动名词的形式
主动形式
一般式 doing having done
被动形式
being done having been done
完成式
1.动名词一般式doing表示的动作通常是一般性动 作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动 作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动 作。 例：Students sitting in this classroom are having an English contest.（主动，同时发生） The man planting trees in front of the building is our PE teacher.（主动，进行）
2.有些动词后既可跟 动名词 也可跟 不定式，意义 上没多大区别。如：like, dislike, love, prefer, start, begin, continue 等。 例： I don’t like watching TV.（指一般性行为） I like to play basketball tomorrow. （指一次的动作） 3.need,want,require,deserve+doing/to be done 主动形式表达被动意义。 例：The car needs repairing/to be repaired. 4.permit,allow,advise,forbid doing sth. sb. to do sth. 例:She doesn’t allow talking here. us to talk here.
例：He kept me waiting for an hour in the rain.
六、做状语
可充当时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果或让步 状语。逻辑主语为句子的主语，表主动，或者 进行。 例：When hearing the good news,the students were wild with joy.（时间状语） There being nothing to do, she went home.（原因状语）

二、-ing形式作表语 表抽象的，一般的行为，表主语的特征、性 质和内容。
常用来表特征性质作表语的Ving的有 interesting，surprising， exciting， astonishing, amusing, disappointing,
confusing, inspiring, moving, boring, encouraging, puzzling等
• 2. The film was really_____.We were greatly _____while seeing it.
• A. moving;moving • B. moved;moved • C. moving; moved • D. moved;moving
• 3. —Come on, please give me some
= a stick for walking
a reading room = a room for reading
•表用途
沸水： •boiling water 发展中国家：•a developing country （随风飘落的）叶子：•falling leaves
•表动作正在进行
洗衣机：•a washing machine 跳舞的女士：•a dancing woman
拐杖
•a walking stick
卧铺车
•a sleeping car
跳舞的女孩 •a dancing girl
发展中国家 •developing countries
飘落的叶子 •falling leaves
写字台 •a writing desk
舞厅
•a dancing hall
洗衣机 •a washing machine

V-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语一V-ing形式作表语1. 动名词作表语表示抽象的、经常性、一般的行为，可与主语互换位置。

现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。

One of his bad habits is smoking while having dinner.Smoking while having dinner is one of his bad habit．The film we saw last night is quite moving. （现在分词）我们昨晚看的电影十分动人。

注：不定式(to do)亦可作表语，但不定式侧重某次具体的动作。

Her job is ___nursing______ (nurse) patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is ___to look after___________ (look after) her granny.2.使人产生某种情绪或感觉的使动词，如disappoint, amuse, astonish, interest, frighten, puzzle, surprise, move, excite, bore, confuse等，V-ing表示“令人…的”, 而V-ed表示“(人)感到…的”。

I don’t think her joke is amusing at all.I am not amused at her joke at all.The film we saw last night was very moving.We were moved at the film we saw lat night.二V-ing形式作定语动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词本身的动作；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。

2.在动词短语give up, put off, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to, object to, devote oneself to, insist on,feel like等之后用动名词作宾语。
1.The thief was lucky that he just missed being caught 抓到catch) ___________( applying ourselves to 2.It is time we got down to _________________ (用心学习apply) study. you/your giving me (你给我give) so 3.I appreciated _______________ much of your time. 4.we are looking forward to his/him getting rid of smoking __________________________ (他戒烟rid). cooperating with him 同他合作 5.I can't imagine ______________________( cooperate). 6.The doctor suggested the patient's _____________ being operated on at once.(operate)
Finish the sentences below.
is useless / no use 没用) learning 1.It ___________________( without thinking . It is no good(不好) staying up too late. 2. ___________ It is worthwhile 值得) having a try at it. 3. _______________( It is a waste of time (浪费时间) 4. ____________________ playing computers games. It’s not much fun (没什么意思) going 5. _________________ to a party on your own.

His hobby is collecting stamps.

他的爱好是收集邮票。

The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令人困惑。
三、动词-ing形式作宾语

1、作动词的宾语。
（常接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助 记忆：）









② -ing 分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也 相当于一个定语从句。如：
Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁？


They lived in a house facing south. = They lived in a house that faces the street.
He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.
他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。
四、-ing分词作定语：

①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如： reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室 a sleeping child一个酣睡的孩子 the exciting news令人振奋的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. 2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如： I won’t have you doing that. This set me thinking. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

4.At this moment he noticed Robert coming in. 被动句：
Robert was noticed coming in (by him)at... (2)常接动词v-ing做宾语补足语的动词还有使役 动词have,keep,get,leave等。
1.I'll have you speaking English in five months.
二、动词v-ing的时态和语态，以teach为例。
语态 主动语态 时态
被动语态
一般式
teaching
being taught
完成式
having taught having been taught
否定式
not teaching/not having taught
1.一般式的用法 一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示 的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生。 I enjoy learning English. 我喜欢学英语。 My wife hates smoking. 我妻子憎恨抽烟。 I saw them playing under a big tree. 看见他们正在大树下玩。（同时） Hearing the bad news,Mary burst into tears.(几乎同时发生）
5.He grew more and more popular as his charming character,the little tramp,became known throughout the world.(P18L13) (_定_____语） 6.He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. (P18L17) (__定____语） 7.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining?(P18L20) (__宾__补___语） 8.The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!(P18L30) (__表____语）

作主语 动词的 -ing形式是动词的⼀种⾮谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，包括 -ing分词和 -ing动名词。

可以在句⼦中⽤作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。

1.⼀般形式 Seeing is believing. 眼见为信。

Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘⽕车到杭州要16个⼩时。

2.通常为了避免句⼦主语过于冗长，⽤it作形式主语。

如： It‘s nice talking with you. 和你谈话很⾼兴。

It‘s no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没⽤。

3.“There + be + no + -ing”结构，此结构的意义相当于“It‘s impossible + 不定式”。

如： There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。

作表语 动词 -ing可⽤来作表语。

如： This food smells inviting. 这种⾷物⾹味怡⼈。

My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。

Their job is cleaning the window. 他们的⼯作是打扫窗⼦。

作宾语 1.动词-ing形式可以⽤作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。

I warned her against driving fast. Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 2.有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的⾮限定性动词时只能是-ing分词，常见的这类动词有：admit， acknowledge，advise， appreciate， avoid， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， excuse， escape， fancy， finish， forgive， face， endure， involve， give up， imagine， mention， mind， miss， pardon， practise， require， resent， resist， suggest， recall， resist， understand等。

词法：非谓语动词之动词的－ing形式动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。

具有名词、代词、形容词、副词的特征，同时还具有动词的某些特征，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、主补、定语和状语。

1.动词的-ing形式的时态与语态动词的-ing形式保留着动词的若干特征，又具有形容词、副词的特征，有时态和语态变化。

其时态和语态的形式如下所示：①主动语态的一般式：doing被动语态的一般式：being done其否定形式是在doing之前加上not②主动语态的完成式：having done被动语态的完成式：having been done其否定形式是在doing之前加上not（1）一般式①表示泛指时间－ing形式的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作。

I hate talking with such boastful people .Being careless is not a good habit , whatever you do .②表示与谓语同时发生的动作－ing形式的一般式可表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。

The children surrouded the teacher , listening attentively to her story .Following the guide , we were walking into the deep virgin forest .③表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作对于某些动词，我们常用－ing形式的一般式表示完成，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎已经成为一种习惯。

Excuse me for being late .I don't remember ever meeting you somewhere .Thank you for giving us so much help last time we were in Queens（纽约皇后区）.④表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作Most doctors strongly insist on giving up smoking and taking plenty of exercises .（2）完成式－ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

句子成分主语宾语表语定语补语状语动名词主语宾语表语定语表语定语主语的补语宾语的补语状语动名词和现在分词在句中都可充当表语和定语两者都充当表语时的区别方法
动词-ing 形式
●动词-ing形式分类：动名词和现在分词 ●动名词和现在分词的区别
●动名词在句子中的作用：作主语、宾语、 表语、定语
●现在分词在句中的作用：作表语、定语、 补语、状语
微风中轻轻摇曳。
二、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1.1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放 在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的 主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一 种状态。如：When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance.
●动词-ing形式分类：动名词和现在分词
▲动名词
1、Singing is our hobby. (作主语) 2、We don't allow falling asleep in class. (作动词的宾语)
3、Thanks for your understanding.
4、My job is teaching English. ▲现在分词 1.The students are surprised at the news.
那老板让工人整夜地工作。
2）当主句转换为被动结构时, 原 来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便
转换为主语补足语。如：
They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying.
这个结果很令人满意。
They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。 We mustn’t keep them waiting. = They mustn’t be kept waiting. 千万不能让他们等。

动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份（一）一、动词-ing形式做主语1、现在分词做主语表示事物化、抽象化的概念。

强调：现在分词做主语时谓语一律用单数。

Eg: Talking is an art.Eg: Tearning English well is not easy.2、it做形式主语的情况It’s no good/use doing sth.做``````是没有用的It’s useful/useless doing 做``````是有/没有用的There is no `````````doing sth.Eg: It is no use crying after knowing the result.Eg: It is no good playing games.二、动词-ing形式做表语动词-ing形式做表语，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。

1、句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词/抽象的习惯性动作。

（主语和表语的位置可以互换）Eg: My hobby is playing games is my hobby.Eg: One of his bad habits is speaking loudly. -----------Speaking loudly is one of his bad habits.Eg: Your task is studying hard is your task.与现在进行时的区别：He is flying.(现在进行时，就不能转换成----------Flying is he)2、表示主语的某种性质或状态，描述主语的特征，相当于形容词，故不能与主语互换。

系动词：be动词、感官动词、get/become等。

Eg: This film is interesting.Eg: Today’s weather is nice.Eg: The song sounds good.(主语一般为物：moving\ surprising\promising有希望的)三、动词-ing形式做宾语1、作动词的宾语某些动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式。