轮式军用车辆转向半径对车辙形成的影响(车辆工程专业英语翻译)

With the rapid development of automobile industry, there is comfort and vehicle vibration and noise control of more and more stringent requirements. According to relevant data shows that 70 percent of the city noise from the traffic noise, and traffic noise is mainly car noise. It is seriously polluting the urban environment, affecting people's life, work and health. So noise control is not only related to comfort, but also related to environmental protection. However, all also from the vibration noise, vibration can cause certain parts of the early fatigue damage, thereby reducing the service life of motor vehicles; excessive noise can damage hearing the driver will enable the rapid driver fatigue, thus driving security constitutes a grave threat. So noise control, is also related to motor vehicle durability and safety. Thus vibration, noise and comfort are the three closely related, it is necessary to reduce vibration, reduce noise, but also improve ride comfort, and ensure the product economy, vehicle noise control in the standard range.One type of noise arising from car noise are the main factors of air power, mechanical drive, the electromagnetic three parts. From the structure can be divided into the engine (ie, combustion noise), the chassis noise (ie, power train noise, all components connected with the noise), electrical equipment, noise (cooling fan noise, car noise generator), body noise (such as body structure, shape and attachment installation unreasonable noise). One of the engine noise accounted for more than half of motorvehicle noise, including noise and body intake noise (such as engine vibration, the rotational axis Valve, Jin, door switches, such as exhaust noise). Therefore the engine vibration, noise reduction has become a key automotive noise control.In addition, automobile tires at high speed, it will also cause more noise. This is because of the tire at the ground flows, the pattern is located in the air by ground tank and re-extrusion process caused by inhaling gas pump sound, as well as tread patterns with percussive sound of the road.2 noise requirements of regulations in Europe, from October 1996 onwards, the external bus 77dBA noise must be reduced to 74dBA, noise was reduced by half energy, the end of the century further reduced to 71dBA. Japan's laws and regulations, small car in the next decade to control noise standards at the following 76dBA. A number of domestic cities are also planning to traffic trunk lines in 2010 to control noise at the average of less than 70dBA. According to the domestic current data indicate that the domestic value of bus noise permit shall not exceed 82dBA, light trucks for 83.5dBA. This shows that our country in the vehicle noise control will have to make do.3 noise assessment noise evaluation mainly refers to the car, outside noise and vibration adaptive value. Evaluation methods can be divided intosubjective evaluation and objective evaluation. Subjective assessment of the impact of vehicle noise is a major factor in comfort, loudness and uncertainties, such as semantic differential method can be used for subjective evaluation. At an objective evaluation, can be used PCNM noise measuring device for measuring test analysis; addition simulation technology in the finite element method (FEM) and boundary element method (BEM) has been widely applied.4 noise control noise generation and dissemination in accordance with the mechanism of noise control technology can be put into the following three categories: First, the control of noise sources, are two routes of transmission of noise control, noise three recipients are protected. One of the control of noise sources are the most fundamental, the most direct measures, including noise reduction to reduce the exciting force and the engine parts of the exciting force response, which means transformation of acoustic source local oscillator. However, it is difficult to control noise sources when necessary in the route of transmission of noise to take measures, such as sound absorption, sound insulation, noise reduction, vibration and vibration isolation measures. Motor vehicles and vehicle vibration and noise reduction level of power, economy, reliability and strength, stiffness, quality, manufacturing costs and use are closely related.4.1 engine to reduce vibration and noise of the engine noise is the focus of automotive noise control. Engine vibration and noise are generated at source. Engine noise is from fuel combustion, valve bodies, gears and piston timing noise percussion synthesis.(1) ontology engine noiseLower engine noise will be ontological transformation of local oscillator sound sources, including methods such as finite element method analysis and design engines, selection of soft combustion process, improve the structure of the body stiffness, with the use of tight space, reduce noise cylinder cover. For example in the oil pan on an additional stiffener and diaphragm to improve the stiffness of oil pan to reduce vibration and noise. In addition, give the engine Tu damping material is an effective approach. Damping materials can kinetic energy into thermal energy. To deal with the principle of damping is a damping materials and components into its vibrational energy to consume. It has the following structure: Freedom damping layer structure, and spacing of freely damping layer structure, and constrained damping layer structure and spacing of constrained damping layer. It is clear that the adoption of a decrease of resonance amplitude and accelerated the decay of free vibration, reducing the various parts of the Chuan-Zhen capacity, an increase of parts at or above the critical frequency of vibration isolationcapacity.At present, some countries have designed an engine experts active vibration isolation system to reduce engine vibration, in order to achieve the purpose of noise reduction.(2) intake noiseEngine intake noise is one of the main noise source, the Department of the engine noise of air power, with the engine speed increases to strengthen. Non-supercharged engine intake noise major components, including the cyclical pressure fluctuation noise, vortex noise, the cylinder of the Helmholtz resonance noise. Diesel engine supercharger intake noise mainly from the turbocharger compressor. Two stroke engine noise from the Roots pump. In this regard, the most effective method is the use of intake muffler. There is a resistive type muffler (absorption type), resistant muffler (expansion type, resonance type, interference-type and porous decentralized) and the composite muffler. To combine with the air filter (that is in the air filter on an additional resonance chamber and sound-absorbing material, for example, type R3238) has become the most effective intake muffler, muffler volume of more than 20dBA.4.2 Chassis Noise(1) Department of exhaust noiseDepartment of the chassis exhaust noise is the main noise sources, mainly from the exhaust pressure pulsation noise, air flow through the valve seat when issued by eddy current noise, because of boundary layer airflow disturbance caused by noise and exhaust Office jet noise composition. Designed to optimize the performance of a good muffler, to reduce car noise are one of the important means. Optimize design method has acoustic finite element method and acoustic boundary element method, but is still in its infancy. Muffler to avoid the transmission characteristics and vibration characteristics of coupled mufflers are designed to be focused on solving a problem. Secondly, to reduce exhaust noise and improve power is also a pair of contradictions, because to reduce exhaust noise and lower exhaust back pressure on the design of the exhaust pipe has a diameter of conflicting demands, the former requires a smaller diameter, which is opposite . In this regard, the use of parallel flow path of the dual function muffler, at reduced air pressure and reduce noise to be effective. In addition, the engine exhaust manifold to the muffler inlet pipe section, the use of flexible pipe vibration, noise reduction effect can be reduced to about 7dBA.(2) power train noisePowertrain noise from the vibration caused by变速齿轮meshing and rotating shaft vibration. General measures taken are: First, choose low-noise transmission, engine and gearbox are two and the main reducer,such as rear axle and chassis components for flexible rubber pad connections, so as to achieve the purpose of isolation; are three-axis rotational control balance degrees, to reduce torsional vibration.4.3 Electric equipment noise(1) cooling fan noiseCooling fan noise happened devices are subject to wind retaining ring, water pump, radiator and transmission, but the noise generated depends primarily on the chassis.(2) automobile generator noiseAutomotive generator noise depends on the effects of a variety of sources, these sources have magnet source, mechanical and air power source. Noise level depends on the generator magnetic structure and ventilation systems, as well as generators precision manufacturing and assembly.4.4 Body NoiseAs the speed increased, the body will be more and more noise, and air power are the main causes of noise. Therefore, the following programs to improve the body noise: First, to streamline the design of the body, achieve a smooth transition; two are in between the body and framecomponents to adopt a flexible connection; three interior is softened, such as Inner Mongolia at the roof and body skin the use of sound-absorbing material.In addition, the car at high speed when the tire is also a source of noise. Real vehicle Inerting line method has been measured: Tire Tread greater, then the greater the noise. In addition, the tire tread with the noise generated also have a great relationship, there is a reasonable choice of the pattern of steel cord for radial tires to reduce tire noise are an effective way. Materials for the tire, the use of more flexible and soft rubber with high, you can create a low-noise tires.4.5 Other measuresAutomobile noise control, except in the design on the use of optimization methods and optimization of selected components, it can also carry out active control of noise. This is based on sound muffler technology, the principle is: the use of electronic muffler system with the opposite phase of the acoustic noise, vibration so that the two cancel each other out in order to reduce the noise. This muffler device used extremely advanced electronic components, has excellent noise reduction effect can be used to reduce vehicle noise, engine noise, the engine could also be used to proactively support systems, to offset the engine vibration and noise中文翻译：与汽车工业的迅速发展,有舒适和车辆振动和噪声控制的越来越苛刻的要求。

现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。

这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气系统。

汽车车身是一个包含窗子、车门、一个发动机罩、一个行李箱盖的金属薄壳。

汽车车身为发动机、乘员和货物提供了保护。

汽车车身的设计还应该保证乘员的安全舒适。

车身的造型（款式）使得汽车看起来漂亮迷人、色彩斑斓、时尚前卫。

轿车车身为封闭式，轿车最多有4个车门，乘员通过车门进出。

另外车身的设计还应考虑行李和货物的存放。

传统的轿车都是硬顶车身。

活顶乘用车（敞篷车）的车顶是软顶，车身设计与普通轿车类似，但只有两个车门。

皮卡一般用来运载货物。

为能承载更大的总质量，皮卡的底盘部件和悬架比轿车更结实。

轻型货车一般是基于普通轿车设计的，或是重新设计使可用载货空间最大化。

用于运输货物的商用车车身必须满足具体要求，例如运输液体的油罐车、运输泥土或散装谷物的自卸车、运输一般货物的平板车或货车。

发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。

发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于热力发动机。

燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气体气压上升，从而产生能量，驱动与动力传动系相连接的轴旋转。

发动机的布置即发动机气缸的排列方式。

发动机缸体按直线排列的即直列式，这种布置使得发动机缸体结构简单。

汽车发动机一般为2~6缸，通常气缸是垂直放置的，但气缸数量的增加会导致缸体和曲轴的长度过大，解决问题的措施之一就是采用V型布置，这种布置方式可以使发动机缸体和曲轴长度尺寸更短，从而大大增加刚度。

前置发动机可以纵向布置，能够驱动前轮或后轮。

后置发动机布置在后轮后侧，发动机即可纵向布置又可横向布置，一般只能驱动后轮。

底盘总成是由作为汽车主要运行部分的各系统组成，包括动力传动系、转向系统、悬架和制动系统。

传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。

传动系包括离合器（对应机械变速器）或液力变矩器（对应液力自动变速器）、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。

现代的风洞不仅用来确定空气阻力及其系数，也用做声学探测。

对于乘用车日渐上升的噪声舒适性需求，这就要求优化和测试。

在一个所谓的气动-声学风洞中，挑战从而在于降低环境噪声水平到一个这样的水平，这个水平是对于车辆实际的噪声测量不能被风洞自己的服务噪声影响到一个很大的程度。

操作的声音已经被降低到60dB。

图2-40展现了慕尼黑宝马的风洞。

图2-40 宝马汽车公司的空气动力学风洞1-鼓风机2-热交换器3-偏转角落4-整流器5-屏幕6-管口7-转盘和组件规模8-滚筒试验台9-捕获喇叭口10-通路11-控制室12- 污染处理设备2.2.2空气阻力的组成除了已经提到过的理论上的阻力Ⅰ.压力阻力Ⅱ.摩擦阻力在车辆，这里还有Ⅲ.诱导阻力Ⅳ.内循环阻力上述构成了全部的阻力。

2.2.2.1压力和诱导阻力除了小的流动分离区域，车辆后端的分离区域的大小主要决定了压力阻力，如图2-41所示，对于相同的迎风面积，车身形状的不同导致空气流动方向的不同。

这主要由于在后端分离截面Aa的较大的差别。

图2-41 不同车身的空气分离截面车辆上小的分离区域所导致的小的真空区域需要被处理。

通过特别的影响车辆后端分离区域的方法，可获得小的真空度，从而得到较低的压力阻力。

车身尾端区域边界层的“提取”也会带来有效的阻力下降。

诱导阻力是车辆压力阻力的一部分。

空气压力在车辆高一点和低一点的面会有区别，这引起了交叉气流的发展（图2-42），而交叉气流是会形成两个大的纵向的漩涡并伴随有车顶的气流（图2-43）。

真空度过压图2-42 车身上的诱导气流图2-43 诱导气流所引起的纵向漩涡在它们的最接近处，这种漩涡导致了低压。

后部的“死水区”被扩大了，这因此导致了压力阻力的增加。

2.2.2.2摩擦阻力车辆表面阻力，在理论上叫做摩擦阻力，对于车身较长的车来说是有重要影响的，如公共汽车。

图2-44展现了一辆有高效的空气动力学车身形状的公共汽车的累积起来的阻力，其阻力可以由微不足道的车头部分的阻力，相对较高的车尾部分的阻力和基本由摩擦阻力构成的随着车长稳定增长的车身部分的阻力构成。

车辆工程专业英语复习资料专业英语单词1.3-way catalyst 三元催化转化剂2.alternator 交流发电机3.Anti-lock brake system防抱死系统4.artic HGV=articulated HGV铰接式重型载货汽车5.articulated vehicle 铰接式车辆6.assembly 总成7.at right angle 成直角8.automatic transmission9.bearing 轴承10.bevel gear 锥齿轮11.bonnet 发动机盖12.bottom dead centre 下止点13.brake shoe 制动蹄14.bruise 撞伤，擦伤15.bulge 凸出，隆起16.bumper 保险杠17.caliper 制动钳18.camber 弯度，车轮外倾19.camshaft 凸轮轴20.canister 碳罐21.capacitor 电容器22.carbon monoxide 一氧化碳23.cargo 货物24.carriageway 车行道25.caster 主销后倾26.centrifugal 离心力27.charge 充电28.chassis 底盘29.clutch 离合器/doc/fd1965123.html,mercial vehicle 商用车辆31.conductor 导体32.console 托架33.coolant 冷却剂34.countershaft 中间轴35.crankshaft 曲轴36.crossply tyre 斜交轮胎37.cross-sectional 截面的，断面的38.curvature 弯曲，弧度39.cylinder 气缸，柱体40.dial 刻度盘41.diaphragm 膜片42.differential 差速器43.dioxide 二氧化物44.disc brake 盘式制动器45.disc 圆盘46.discharge 放电47.DoT=D ep ar tmen t o f Transportation运输部门48.drawbar 牵引杆49.driven member 从动件50.driving member 主动件51.driving wheel 驱动车轮52.drum brake 鼓式制动器53.drum 鼓，圆筒54.dummy 模型，假人55.dump truck 自卸载货汽车56.dynamometer 测功机57.electron 电子58.engine 发动机59.executive 经理60.exhaust valve 排气阀61.final drive 主传动，主减速器62.flexible joint 万向节63.fracture 折断，骨折64.gear sector 齿扇65.Hall effect 霍尔效应66.handbrake 手制动67.helmet 头盔，安全帽68.HGV=Heavy Goods Vehicle重型载货汽车69.horn 喇叭70.hydraulic system 液压系统71.hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物72.hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物73.ignition coil 点火线圈74.inflate 膨胀，加压75.injector 喷油器76.inlet valve 进气阀77.input shaft 输入轴78.instrument panel 仪表盘79.intersection 交叉口80.inversely proportional to与……成反比81.king pin 主销/doc/fd1965123.html,cerationn 划破，撕裂83.LCV=Light Commercial Vehicle轻型商用车辆84.LGV=Light Goods Vehicle轻型载货汽车85.logistics 后勤学，物流86.lubricant 润滑剂87.manifold 歧管，支管88.master cylinder 主缸89.metro 地下铁道90.monoxide 一氧化物91.moped 机动自行车92.mpg=miles per gallon 英里/加仑93.mph=miles per hour 英里/小时94.neutral steer 中性转向95.nose-to-tail collision 头尾相撞96.occupant 占有者，乘员97.off-centre 偏心的，不平衡的98.oil filter 机油滤清器99.oil pump 机油泵100.output shaft 输出轴101.oversteer 过度转向102.overtake 超车103.overturn 翻车104.oxide 氧化物105.oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物106.pattern tread 花纹胎面107.pessess 具有，拥有108.piston 活塞109.planet gear 行星齿轮110.pneumatic 气动的111.pollision 碰撞，冲突112.power steering 动力转向--113.pressure plate 压盘114.propellor shaft 传动轴115.PSV=Passenger Single Vehicle单体式客运车辆116.radial tyre 子午线轮胎117.rake pad 制动片118.recharge 再充电119.refrigerate 制冷120.resurgence 苏醒，复活121.ring gear 齿圈122.rocker 摇臂123.roller brake testes 滚筒制动试验台124.rotor转子125.shock absorber 减震器126.shoulder 路肩127.sill 底梁128.slave cylinder 辅助缸129.smooth tread 无纹胎面130.spark plug 火花塞131.speedometer 速度计，里程计132.sprain 扭伤133.starter 起动机134.stator 定子135.steering arm 转向臂，梯形臂136.steering assembly 转向总成137.steering axis inclination 主销内倾138.steering column 转向柱139.steering knuckle 转向节140.steering pump转向泵141.steering wheel 转向盘142.sulphide 硫化物143.sun gear 太阳轮144.suspension 悬架145.tachograph 转速表146.tanker 油罐汽车147.the moment of inertia 转动惯量148.the three way catalytic converter 三元催化转化器149.thermostat 恒温器，节温器150.throttle 节流阀151.tie rod 横拉杆152.toe-in 前束153.tolerance 公差154.top dead centre 上止点155.torque converter 变矩器156.torque convertor 变矩器157.torque 转矩，扭矩158.tractor 拖拉机，牵引车159.trailer 挂车，拖车160.transmission 传动系161.truck deck 行李舱盖162.turbine 涡轮（机）163.twin wheel 双轮胎164.understeer 不足转向165.universal joint 万向节166.vechicle dismantling 车辆分解167.vehicle tracking system车辆跟踪系统168.washer 洗涤器169.windscreen 风窗玻璃170.wiper 刮水器171.wormwheel蜗轮自动变速器--专业英语句子翻译1.Each wheel has a brake assembly, of either thedrum type or the disc type, hydraulically operated when the driver applies the foot brake pedal.每个车轮具有一个鼓式或盘式制动总成，当驾驶员踩脚制动踏板时，靠液力产生制动。

1.2 发动机发动机作为动力装置。

最常见的内燃机通过燃烧发动机气缸里的液体燃料而获得能量。

内燃机有两种类型：汽油机（又称为点燃式发动机）和柴油机（又称为压燃式发动机）。

两种类型均称为热力发动机。

燃烧燃料产生的热量使汽缸里气体的气压增加并提供能量通过传动轴连接到传动系统。

发动机气缸的排列方式称为发动机配置。

直列式发动机的汽缸呈一列布置。

这个设计创造了一个简单的发动机缸体铸造。

在车辆应用中，汽缸数一般是2-6缸，汽缸中心线与水平面垂直。

当汽缸数增多时，发动机尺寸和曲轴就成为一个问题。

解决这个问题的办法就是采用V形（汽缸呈两列布置，且两列气缸之间夹角为V形）发动机。

这个设计使发动机尺寸和曲轴都变得更短且更坚硬。

前置发动机纵向安装，既可前轮驱动也可后轮驱动。

后置发动机是将发动机安装在后轮后面。

发动机可横置或纵置，一般情况下为后轮驱动1.3.3 悬架系统的功能是隔离、缓减路面冲击和振动,避免传递到车身,影响乘客和货物的舒适性和安全性另外不论路面如何悬架系统都应保持轮胎和路面的接触1.3.4鼓式制动器有鼓附在轮毂、制动时的制动蹄通过扩大里面的鼓来制动。

在盘式制动器上连着轮毂的制动器被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间，所有汽车都必须配备两套独立的制动系统，即行车制动和紧急制动。

2.2.2 气缸套气缸套用于发动机缸体提供活塞和活塞环的耐磨材料。

那块可由一种铁，易于铸造而作出的套筒使用另一种就是能够更好地起到磨损作用，还有两种主要类型的套筒：干，湿（图2 - 5 ）。

干套可以被抛弃，或压成一个新的块或用于严重磨损或损坏而无法轻易被钢瓶翻新得的套筒。

这是一个在其在缸体孔压适合。

它的墙壁是两毫米厚。

它的外表面，是符合其全长块接触。

它与顶块冲洗和面漆难以看到。

一旦到位，干袖子成为缸体的永久部分。

用湿的套筒。

外表面是周围的汽缸水套的一部分。

这就是所谓湿缸，因为它有对其外表面的冷却液。

这有助于加快热套和冷却水之间的转移。

套筒顶部密封，以防止冷却液泄漏2.3.2活塞总成活塞是四个运动周期中一个重要部分,很多活塞都是从铝中提炼出来研制而成的.活塞,通过连杆传递能量来压缩点燃混合气体. 这些能力转化为曲柄的动能.这样,圆形的钢圈装入汽缸,用活塞环来密封整个燃烧室.这个称为活塞环。

枕木sleeper轨枕crossing平交道口multiple unti动车组high-speed railways高速铁路maglev磁力悬浮火车centrifugal force 离心力emergency brake handle 紧急制动手柄metro地铁light rail轻轨铁路commuter train通勤车tanker罐车operation 运转操作infrastructure下部构造platform站台EMU电力牵引动车组DMU内燃牵引动车组cushioning减震缓冲electricity-air control 电空控制antiskid防滑装置bolster枕rotational resistance回转阻hunting蛇行narrow-gauge窄轨bolster springs摇枕弹簧damper减震器阻尼器longitudinalanti-yawing dampers纵向抗蛇行减震器disc brakes 盘形制动traction transfer device 牵引装置wheel tread brakes踏面制动tread gradient踏面斜self-steering自导向Vehicle Suspension车辆悬挂cushion system缓冲装置vertical movement垂向振动primary suspension一系悬挂装secondary suspension 二系悬挂装置车钩coupler摇枕bolster乘务员crew轴箱axlebox棚车boxcar封闭车housing car保温refrigerator car牲畜车stock car漏斗车hopper罐车tank car集装箱container车体carboy复合车combine car邮政车railway post office圆顶车dome转向架bogie瞭望车observation car缓冲器draft gear行李车baggage car卧铺车sleeping car旁承side bearer制动缸brake cylinder侧梁side beams横梁cross beamscrosstie敞车gondola 英译汉1.The basic design of apassenger car hasn”t changed muchsince the middle of the 19thcentury,but there are severaldifferent passenger car types inservice around the world.2.自19世纪中期以来，客车的基本设计没有发生多大改变，但仍有不同形式的客车在全世界范围内使用。

Research on vehicle Control technology Using Four- wheelIndependent Steering SystemCHEN Si-zhong, SHU Jin,YANG LinJournal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2006 ,15(1) :22~26对使用四轮独立转向系统的整车控制技术的研究陈思忠，舒进，杨林北京理工大学学报（英文版），2006,15（1）:22~26对使用四轮独立转向系统的整车控制技术的研究陈思忠舒进杨林机械与车辆工程学院北京理工大学北京100086中国摘要：通过有效和独立的后轮控制来提高车辆的操控稳定性的技术已经提出。

首先，简要介绍配置四轮独立转向原型车。

然后详细地制定对四轮独立转向系统的电子控制器的整体设计。

四轮独立转向系统是在对质心零侧偏角控制策略的研究下得到的，它的建立是为了推断出分离的后轮转向角度的方程。

根据这些方程，对四轮独立转向车辆性能的仿真分析完成后，显示四轮独立转向车辆在低速的条件下可操作性大大提高，并且在高速条件下操纵稳定性增强。

最后，四轮独立转向车辆路试验证了模拟的正确性，表明了与传统的四轮的转向车辆相比，四轮独立转向不仅提高了车辆运动平稳性，也降低了转向阻力，减轻磨损轮胎。

关键词：四轮独立转向系统控制策略四轮转向系统中国图书馆分类号：U 270文件编码：A文章编号：1004-0579（2006）01-0022-05 最近几年，人们对四轮转向技术下的车辆操作稳定性研究产生了浓厚兴趣。

随着深一步的研究，四轮转向的问题变得越来越多的突出。

因为车辆转弯数学模型的推论往往是以自行车模型作为基础，这样就导致了两后轮转向角在转向时是相同的。

即使后轮转向制动器仅仅用于驱动一个拉杆联动，然而此联动的设计都是相当困难的，因为车辆瞬态转向中心引起后轮转向角连续变化。

所以，四轮独立转向系统是一个优秀的方法，他将运动平稳和四轮转向技术的优势结合起来。

Unit 1 Autom‎o bile‎Basic‎sspare‎wheel‎备胎lubri‎c ate 润滑（名词是lu‎b rica‎t ion）gearb‎o x 变速箱frame‎车架trans‎m issi‎o n 变速器hood 发动机罩（=bonne‎t）→ deckl‎i d = trunk‎l id 行李箱盖chass‎i s ['ʃæsi] 底盘crank‎s haft‎曲轴carbu‎r etor‎[,kɑːbj‎ʊ'retə] 化油器spark‎plug 火花塞clutc‎h离合器drive‎s haft‎传动轴drive‎train‎传动链petro‎l eum [pə'trolɪ‎əm] 石油propa‎n e 丙烷gasoh‎o l 酒精混合燃‎料Unit 2 Bodie‎sbrack‎e t 支架labyr‎i nth ['læbər‎ɪnθ]迷宫cross‎-membe‎r横梁inter‎p osit‎i on 干涉steer‎i ng wheel‎方向盘three‎-box car 三厢车hinge‎铰链bumpe‎r保险杠winds‎h ield‎挡风玻璃winds‎h ield‎wiper‎雨刮器inter‎i or trim 内饰instr‎u ment‎panel‎= dashb‎o ard 仪表盘safet‎y belt 安全带unibo‎d y 承载式车身‎rubbe‎r bush 橡胶衬套vibra‎t ion 振动ancil‎l ary 辅助的stres‎s应力fende‎r翼子板curb weigh‎t整备质量intak‎e duct 进气道fatig‎u e 疲劳demis‎t除雾louds‎p eake‎r扬声器Unit 3 Engin‎e ssproc‎k et 链齿轮cylin‎d er 汽缸conne‎c ting‎rod 连杆valve‎气门camsh‎a ft 凸轮轴lifte‎r挺杆rocke‎r arm 摇臂valve‎train‎配气机构Unit 4 Fuel Syste‎m clamp‎夹具fuel rail 油轨intak‎e manif‎o ld 进气歧管exhau‎s t manif‎o ld 排气歧管throt‎t le 节气门squir‎t喷射hotho‎u se 温室Unit 5 Elect‎r ic Syste‎m circu‎i t 电路coil 线圈ignit‎i on 点火alter‎n ator‎发电机ammet‎e r 安培计volta‎g e regul‎a tor 稳压器insul‎a tion‎绝缘distr‎i buto‎r分电器trans‎i stor‎晶体管fuse 保险relay‎继电器headl‎i ghts‎大灯dome light‎顶灯fog lamp 雾灯dash 仪表板halog‎e n 卤素filam‎e nt 灯丝LED（Light‎Emitt‎i ng Diode‎s）发光二极管‎Unit 6 Cooli‎n g and Lubri‎c atin‎g Syste‎m s wear 磨损conta‎m inat‎i on 污染coola‎n t 冷却液radia‎t or 散热器therm‎o stat‎节温器grill‎格栅，进风口centr‎i fuga‎l force‎离心力centr‎i peta‎l force‎向心力boili‎n g point‎沸点overf‎l ow tube 溢流管wax 蜡oil filte‎r机油滤清器‎oil pan 油底壳oil galle‎r ies 油孔seali‎n g 密封nozzl‎e喷嘴meshi‎n g gear 啮合齿轮beari‎n g 轴承horse‎p ower‎马力Unit 7 Exhau‎s t and Emiss‎i on Contr‎o l Syste‎m heade‎r pipe 集气管three‎-way catal‎y tic conve‎r ter 三元催化转‎化器catal‎y st 催化剂muffl‎e r 消音器hange‎r挂钩heat shiel‎d隔热板heavy‎-duty 耐用的，重负荷的fume 烟hydro‎c arbo‎n碳氢化合物‎evapo‎r ate 蒸发（名词后缀是‎-ion）addit‎i ve 添加剂coupl‎i ng 连接器gaske‎t垫圈odorl‎e ss 无味的posit‎i ve crank‎c ase venti‎l atio‎n曲轴箱强制‎通风grove‎沟槽oil dipst‎i ck 油尺vacuu‎m valve‎真空阀charc‎o al canis‎t er 活性炭阀idle speed‎怠速EGR（Exhau‎s t Gas Recir‎c ulat‎i on）废气再循环‎plati‎n um 铂palla‎d ium 钯rhodi‎u m 铑ceram‎i c 陶瓷的honey‎c omb 蜂窝状Unit 8 Suspe‎n sion‎Syste‎m, Steer‎i ng Syste‎m and Brake‎Syste‎m passe‎n ger cars/vehic‎l es 乘用车comme‎r cial‎cars/vehic‎l es 商用车bump 路面凸起align‎m ent 校准steer‎i ng knuck‎l e 转向节swive‎l旋转sprin‎g弹簧（sprit‎e雪碧）ball joint‎球型接头shock‎absor‎b er = dampe‎r减震器bounc‎e谈起bushi‎n g 衬套non-indep‎e nden‎t suspe‎n sion‎非独立悬架‎recir‎c ulat‎i ng call steer‎i ng syste‎m s 循环球式转‎向器rack-and-pinio‎n steer‎i ng syste‎m s 齿轮齿条式‎转向器lorry‎货车（也有卡车的‎意思）worm gear 涡轮蜗杆机‎构steer‎i ng linka‎g e 转向连杆steer‎i ng colum‎n柱pitma‎n arm 转向摇臂track‎rod 转向横拉杆‎idler‎arm 随动臂sleev‎e衬套maste‎r cylin‎d er 制动主缸lever‎杠杆brake‎boost‎e r 制动助力器‎engin‎e compa‎r tmen‎t发动机舱housi‎n g 外壳，壳体malfu‎n ctio‎n故障，失灵cable‎线缆calip‎e r 卡钳brake‎pads 摩擦片hub 轮毂squee‎z e 压缩brake‎shoe 制动蹄Unit 9 Drive‎Train‎s and Axles‎drive‎axles‎驱动桥MT（Manua‎l Trans‎m issi‎o n）手动变速器‎AT（Autom‎a tic Trans‎m issi‎o n）自动变速器‎CVT（Conti‎n uous‎l y Varia‎b le Trans‎m issi‎o n）无级变速器‎stati‎o nary‎静态的relea‎s e beari‎n g 分离轴承clutc‎h fork 离合器拨叉‎press‎u re plate‎压盘tensi‎o n 张力hydra‎u lic circu‎i t 液压回路throw‎-out beari‎n g = relea‎s e beari‎n g 分离轴承torqu‎e conve‎r ter 液力变矩器‎frict‎i on 摩擦synch‎r oniz‎e r 同步器shift‎linka‎g e 换挡连杆机‎构stato‎r导轮plane‎t gears‎行星齿轮plane‎t gear carri‎e r 行星架ring gear 齿圈slip yoke 滑动叉diffe‎r enti‎a l 差速器axle housi‎n g 桥壳unspr‎u ng weigh‎t簧下质量sprun‎g weigh‎t簧上质量Unit 10 Safet‎y, Secur‎i ty and Navig‎a tion‎Syste‎m s occup‎a nt = passe‎n ger乘‎员buckl‎e安全带插扣‎impac‎t碰撞regul‎a tory‎法规nylon‎尼龙stiff‎n ess 刚度abras‎i on 磨损kinet‎i c 运动学的inert‎i a 惯性trigg‎e r 触发器resis‎t er 电阻GPS（Globa‎l Posit‎i onin‎g Syste‎m）全球定位系‎统补充：assem‎b ly line装‎配线stabi‎l izer‎bar横向‎稳定杆cylin‎d er block‎气缸体cast iron/alumi‎n ium 铸铁/铝turbo‎c harg‎e涡轮增压super‎c harg‎e机械增压exhau‎s t pipe 排气管displ‎a ceme‎n t排量compr‎e ssio‎n ratio‎压缩比valve‎overl‎a p 气门重叠thrus‎t washe‎r止推垫圈ducti‎l e iron 球墨铸铁const‎a nt veloc‎i ty joint‎等速万向节‎SUV（Sport‎Utili‎t y Vehic‎l e）运动型多功‎能车常见品牌：Toyot‎a丰田Honda‎本田Nissa‎n日产Mazda‎马自达Lexus‎雷克萨斯Suzuk‎i铃木Mitsu‎b ishi‎三菱Gener‎a l Motor‎s通用Cadil‎l ac 凯迪拉克Linco‎l n 林肯Ford 福特Chrys‎l er 克莱斯勒Corve‎t te 克尔维特Merce‎d es [mə'sidi:z] Benz梅‎赛德斯-奔驰Volks‎w agen‎大众Audi 奥迪Rolls‎Royce‎劳斯莱斯Bentl‎e y 宾利Ferra‎r i 法拉利Maser‎a ti 玛莎拉蒂Aston‎Marti‎n阿斯顿马丁‎Jagua‎r捷豹Porsc‎h e 保时捷Lambo‎r ghin‎i兰博基尼Koeni‎g segg‎柯尼塞格Bugat‎t i 布加迪Pagan‎i帕加尼Alfa Romeo‎阿尔法罗密‎欧Volvo‎沃尔沃Lotus‎莲花Renau‎l t 雷诺Hyund‎a i 现代Peuge‎o t 标志Opel 欧宝Fiat 菲亚特Skoda‎斯柯达Citro‎e n 雪铁龙Dodge‎道奇。