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必修3Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家2．system n．系统；体系；制度3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的4．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的5．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛7．unlike prep.不同；不像→dislike vt.不喜欢8．presence n．出席；到场；存在→present adj. & n. & v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予9．harmful adj.有害的；伤害的→harm n．危害，害处→harmless adj.无害的10．exist vi.存在，生存→existence n．存在，生存11．puzzle n．谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的12．gravity n．万有引力；重力13．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星14．climate n．气候15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船16．pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力17．float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物18．mass n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众●重点短语1．in time 及时；终于2．lay eggs 下蛋3．give birth to产生；分娩4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着5．prevent...from 阻止；制止6．block out挡住(光线)7．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋8．now that 既然9．break out突发；爆发10．watch out密切注视；当心；提防11．cool down 冷却12．as well as 也；还有……13．depend on依靠；依赖，取决于14．get close to 靠近●重点句型1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsⅠ.单项填空1．(2013·安徽皖南八校第三次联考)—Do you think I can pass the driving test?—________，I’m afraid.A．Of course B．You canC．Not a chance D．Not a little2．(2014·苏锡常镇四市二调)After________careful consideration，they finally decided that each child will be offered________university education.A．the；a B．/；anC．a；an D．/；a3．(2013·南京二模)The flood last month in the east was a real disaster，________19 people dead and 78 missing.A．to leave B．leftC．leaving D．having left4．(2014·厦门高三质检)The worker earned little money a month，so he had to________only fast noodles.A．exist on B．exist inC．lie in D．lie on5．(2014·河南豫北三校联考)________is well known to everyone，I should say，is that a man becomes learned by asking questions.A．Who B．ItC．As D．What6．(2014·东北三校第二次联考)It is shown that men have________as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics.A．twice as many serious accidentsB．serious accidents as twice manyC．twice serious accidents as manyD．serious accidents as many twice7．(2014·日照模拟)It’s really a small world！I________we would meet here.A．don’t think B．haven’t thoughtC．didn’t think D．won’t think8．(2014·日照模拟)The new traffic rules that took effect on January 1 are much stricter than________in the past.A．that B．thisC．it D．those9．(2014·石家庄质检)I admire Stephen Hawking greatly，whose________about black holes has a great effect on astronomy.A．theory B．practiceC．way D．method10．Has some bad thing happened to her？It’s________her to drink so much.A．like B．dislikeC．unlike D．alike11．(2014·海南琼海模拟)People hope that measures will be taken to________house prices rising.A．keep B．preventC．protect D．support12．(2014·宁波十校联考)—I am dead tired.I can’t walk farther，Tom.—________，John.You can do it.A．So what B．CongratulationsC．Cheer up D．Go ahead13．He doesn’t plan to go back to his home________he makes a fortune in Hong Kong.A．while B．sinceC．or D．until14. ________you like the portable personal computer so much，why not buy one?A．So that B．Now thatC．Even if D．In case15．Generally speaking，the Internet makes________possible for people to get the information they need quickly.A．them B．themselvesC．it D．thatⅡ.阅读理解A(2014·日照模拟)Human beings are the most intelligent of all animals because we are gifted with the ability to think and reason logically.Scientists and even common people with special intelligence have made a lot of inventions and contributions to modern lifestyle in the past.“Houses” have beenthe most popular area for discoveries and inventions in the past and even now.Many household items have been the result of inventions of people who desired better functioning of the existent products.Every individual has intelligence and if it is used properly for the right purpose it leads to invention of a new tool or device.Many new household inventions are made almost every day and there are specific companies，which particularly keep a record of all these inventions.A lot of inventions have been made recently in the household field.These products are patented (专利) and have trade mark licenses.The patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long.Vanity PC is a type of computer furniture that specifically hides all the computer wires and keeps a clean and good look.All the outdoor dust，mud and snow can be kept out of the house by installing (安装) the dirt drain (排水管) at the entrance of the door.Another important inventio n is the automatic toilet nightlight，in which a small light starts when the lid of the toilet seat is opened and closes as soon as the lid is closed.These are some of the new household inventions invented mostly by common people.Thus，a variety of new household items are invented every day，which helps in a better functioning of household chores and in a more useful manner.1．The first paragraph is intended to________.A．stress the importance of inventionsB．introduce the topic of the articleC．show the advantages of modern lifestyleD．tell the differences between human beings and animals2．According to the passage，people make house inventions to________.A．earn more money and gain awardsB．accumulate their wealthC．improve the present living conditionsD．meet the new demands of new science3．It can be inferred that the sliding cinch is used to________.A．prevent your shoulder from being overpressuredB．keep your shoulder safe and sound in an accident or an operation C．help you practice your shoulder more often and reduce shoulder painsD．cover your shoulder and make it stronger to resist the outside strike4．Common people can also make good inventions because________.A．wisdom and inspiration sometimes come from everyday lifeB．some inventions are easy to be made and can be mastered by them C．they have a strong desire to do something for science research D．success is often connected with hardship and bitter experience of common people5．The passage mainly talks about________.A．the correct use of household facilitiesB．different ideas about household inventionsC．the history of household inventionsD．household inventions and their influenceB(2014·高三年级适应性考试)Moving to a new neighborhood，town，state，or even country can be a pretty scary experience.All you know is that things will be different and chances are you won’t know the kids at your new school.The experiences that go with moving make many kids feel nervous and worried.This is perfectly normal but don’t let these emotions overrun your thoughts！You will soon get used to your surroundings and find new friends at your new school.Leaving old friends and familiar places behind can bedifficult.However，as you begin the moving process，keep in mind that saying goodbye to your old house，school，and friends does not mean that you have to forget them or that your farewell is permanent！If you’re moving to a new state or even a different country and won’t see your friends for a long nme，don’t despair.Make sure to ask everyone for their address so you can write them letters.Also，thanks to the Internet，it is very easy to stay in touch through email or instant messaging technologies.With your parent’s permission，you can even create a blog or web page to chronicle all of your new experiences.Include your thoughts，tales of your new adventures，even pictures of new friends，your new house，and new town.Your old friends will love seeing what you are busy with.Many schools have an orientation program where a student already established at the school shows a new student around for their first week.This can help you to find your way around the school and to makenew friends faster.While moving is tough on kids of any age，high school counselor Karen Turner says moves can be particularly difficult for teens.“I think moving during adolescents is an extremely stressful experience，especially if you are into your junior high or senior year.Students tend to have established a very strong peer network during that period in their lives.Often this has more influence on them even than their families in some cases，and when they are torn from that there’s often resentment (怨气)．” However，Turner adds that while moving isn’t easy，there are things that your parents and the school can do to help you cope with the change.6．Who are the intended readers of the passage?A．Education experts. B．School teachers.C．Parents. D．Students.7．Which of the following is mainly suggested in Paragraph 3?A．Staying in contact with old friends.B．Expressing yourself when it is possible.C．Forming good habits at school.D．Keeping positive about your new school.8．According to the passage，an orientation program________.A．helps local students in many waysB．is organized by new studentsC．offers help to new studentsD．focuses on all the students at school9．According to the passage，Karen Turner may agree that________.A．many parents seem to care little about their childrenB．teens can easily be attached to their friendsC．parents should communicate with the school teachersD．teens tend to behave rudely in a new school10．If this passage continues，what would the author further discuss?A．What a new school is like.B．why parents move with their children.C．How parents and the school can help the children.D．How children can express their anxiety.Ⅲ.书面表达很快你们可能就要进入大学了，现在上大学的费用对于每个中国家庭来说几乎都是一笔不小的开支。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of thestars虔诚的7．react v．反应→ reaction n．反应；回应阅读单词1．fundamental adj.基本的；基础的2．chain n．链子；连锁；锁链3．dissolve vt.& vi.溶解；解散4．multiply vi.& vt.乘；增加5.gravity n．万有引力；重力6．extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的7．solar adj.太阳的；日光的8．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星9.spaceship n．宇宙飞船10．mammal n．哺乳动物11．lessen vi.&vt.减少；减轻12．weightlessly adv.失重地(2017·浙江卷)Mac heard a large vehicle behind him.He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.停车[短语多维应用]高频短语1．in time及时；终于2．prevent...from阻止；制止3．now that既然4．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋5．lay eggs下蛋6．give birth to产生；分娩[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)Now ①that we all understand that thehaze is harmful to our health，weshould take effective measures toprevent it ②from getting from bad toworse.No matter what happens，we mustcheer ③up and try to reduce thepollution.If we keep on，we'll succeed④in time.7．in one's turn轮到某人8．watch out for密切注意；当心；提防9．depend on依靠；取决于10．break out突发；爆发11．block out挡住(光线)[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)A fire broke⑤out in the building lastnight.Luckily，the firefightersarrived in time and put out thefire.We were warned to watch out ⑥for electricity and gas when cooking(1)be harmful to对……有害harmless adj.无害的(2)cause/do harm to ...对……造成伤害/有害(3)there is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处the harmful effects of tobacco烟草的害处be harmful to children's teeth对儿童的牙齿有害[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(广东卷)Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.②(2019·浙江卷)However, no praise from parents also does harm to their selfconfidence.③He may not be able to help but there's no harm in asking(ask) him.[链接写作]——一句多译有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。
高三英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars精品同步练习新人教版必修3 Ⅰ.多项选择1．Stay away from Lynch.He’s a liar.You’ll be cheated if you don’t __________.A．break out B．watch outC．take off D．set off解析：选B。
句意：离林奇远点。
他是个骗子。
你要是不小心会被骗的。
watch out注意，当心，符合句意。
break out突发，爆发；take off起飞；set off出发，动身。
2．The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly__________.A．atmosphere B．stateC．situation D．phenomenon解析：选A。
句意：两国高层领导人之间的会谈在友好的气氛中举行。
atmosphere气氛；state状态；situation处境；phenomenon现象。
由句意可知A项正确。
3．The woman’s illness __________ all the doctors in this hospital；they couldn’t find the cause.A．prevented B．puzzledC．exhausted D．consulted解析：选B。
句意：那位妇女的病难倒了医院的所有医生，他们找不出病因。
puzzle(使)迷惑，(使)为难。
prevent阻止；exhaust用尽，耗尽；consult咨询，请教。
4．There was a __________ quarrel between the husband and the wife；after that the wife left home and never came back.A．sensitive B．seriousC．violent D．strict解析：选C。
领兑市安插阳光实验学校Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsⅠ. 完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
He came across her at a party.She was outstanding；many boys were after her，but nobody paid any __1__to him.After the party，he invited her for coffee.She was surprised.In order not to __2__rude，she went along.As they sat in a nice coffee shop，he was too __3__to say anything.Suddenly，he asked the waiter.“Could you please __4__me some salt？I’d like to put it in my coffee.”The girl stared at him.He turned red，but when the salt came，he put it in his coffee and drank.__5__，she asked.“Why salt with coffee？”he __6__，“When I was a little boy.I lived near the sea，I liked playing in the sea...I could feel its taste salty，like salty coffee.Now every time I drink it，I think of my __7__and my hometown.I miss it and my parents，who are still there.”She was deeply __8__.A man who can realize that he’s homesick，must love his home and __9__about his family.He must he __10__.She talked too，about her faraway hometown，her childhood，her __11__.That was the start of their love story.They continued to date each other.She found that he met allher__12__ .He was tolerate，kind，warm and careful.And to think she would have missed the __13__if not for the salty coffee!So they married and lived happily together.Every time she made coffee for him，she put in some salt，the __14__he liked it.After 40 years，he __15__away and left her a letter which said：“My dearest，please forgive my lifelong lie.Remember the first time we dated？I was so nervous I asked for salt instead of sugar.If I could live a second time，I hope we can be together again，even if it means that I have to drink salty coffee for the rest of my life.”【解题导语】本文讲的是男士撒了一个善意的谎言而赢得了一位美丽姑娘的芳心的故事。
高考英语一轮复习 Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars基础梳理训练新人教版必修31．____________ n. 天文学→____________ n．宇航员→____________ n．天文学家2．____________ n. 系统；体系；制度→____________ adj.成体系的；有条理的3．____________ n. 宗教；宗教信仰→____________ adj.宗教的；虔诚的4．____________ n. 学说；理论→____________ adj.理论的；理论上的5．____________ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→____________ adv.强烈地；猛烈地；激烈地→____________ n．暴力；暴力行为6．____________adj. 有害的→____________ n．伤害；损害；危害→____________ vt. 伤害；损害；危害→____________ adj.无害的7．____________ vi. 存在；生存→____________ n．存在；生存；生活(方式)8．____________ n．谜；难题→____________ vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难9．____________ n．生物学→____________ n. 生物学家10．____________ n．物理学家→____________ n．物理学→ ____________ adj.物理的；物理学的11．____________ vi. & vt. 碰撞；坠落12．____________ n. 拉力；牵引力→____________ vt.拉；拖；牵引13．____________ vi. & vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮→____________ n．漂浮物1．Do you think our education ____________(制度) needs improving?2．The discussion has become more and more ____________ (激烈的)．3．Without practice there would be no ____________(理论)．4．They can't ____________(生存) on the money he's making.5．The smell of new bread ____________(漂浮) up from the kitchen.6．Eating too many desserts can be ____________ (有害的) to one's teeth.7．“What happened？” John's mother asked him in a ____________ (温和的) voice.8．His face wore a ____________ (困惑的，迷惑的)expression.9．Most of the evidence had been destroyed.____________ (因此，于是) it was almost impossible to prove him guilty.10．The plane ____________ (坠毁) into the mountain.1．solar ____________ 太阳系2．____________ time 及时；终于3．____________ eggs 下蛋4．give birth ____________ 产生；分娩5．____________ one's turn 轮到某人；接着6．____________ dioxide 二氧化碳7．prevent ...______阻止；制止8．block ____________挡住(光线)9．cheer ____________感到高兴；感到振奋10．____________ that 既然11．break____________ 突发；爆发12．watch ____________密切注视；当心；提防1．They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which ____________ ____________ ____________ the earth's atmosphere.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of thestarsⅠ.单句语法填空1．(2017·高考)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.答案：whoever whoever “无论谁〞，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。
2．My relationship with the actors is fundamental ________my work as a director.答案：to be fundamental to ... “……是……的根底〞。
3．I can say that it is the ________(violence) film that I have ever seen.答案：most violent 由“that I have ever seen〞可知，此处应用形容词最高级。
4．His last paintings are perhaps the most ________(puzzle), which even the artists can't make sense of.答案：puzzling 此处形容词puzzling “令人困惑的〞作表语，描述主语paintings 的本质特征。
5．________exists a good way to solve the problem in geography.答案：There There exists ... “存在……；有……〞。
6．As secondhand smoking is ________(harm) and dange rous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.答案：harmful 此处形容词harmful “有害的〞作表语。
