人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(11)than,as和but作关系代词用法知识点总结整理
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关系代词as,but和than定语从句是大家非常熟悉的一种从句,在考试中可以说是无处不在。
说到定语从句的关系代词,大家肯定会异口同声地喊出“that”“which”“who”……今天我们要讲讲as、but和than这三个特殊的关系代词。
As、but和than通常都是以介词、连词等身份被大家所熟知,而它们居然可以摇身一变成为关系代词,在定语从句中做主语和宾语。
As最基本的用法是做连词“与……一样”表示同级的比较,介词“作为”。
下面是它特殊的用法,例句:1. He does not possess such qualifications as are necessary to be an actor.他并不具备一名演员应有的资格。
2. She bought the same skirt as I had bought last week so I need to talk to her about it so we don't wear them the same at the same time.她买的那条裙子和我上周买的一模一样,我要和她商量一下,免得“撞衫”。
上面两个例句中定语从句都使用了as作为关系代词,我们可以发现例句1中含有“such…as…”,例句2中含有“the same…as…”,由此可见,我们到底要不要使用as来做关系代词,可以根据句中是否出现了与as搭配的短语进行判断。
3. The murderer who had killed several people on the campus was finally arrested by the police, as was expected.如我们所愿,那个在校园杀害数人的杀人犯终于被警方逮捕。
该句中并未出现与as搭配的短语,此处的用法是as做关系代词指代前面整个句子,在定语从句中做主语。
But大家熟悉的but基本都是以转折连词的身份出现,但是它还兼职在做定语从句中的关系代词。
2021届人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(08)并列连词和连接性副词知识点总结整理基本连词基本的并列连词一共有3个:and、or和but.此种并列连词可以连接对等的单词、短语和句子。
单词:He and I enjoy singing.Is he happy or sad?短语:I came to see him and to tell him the truth.Does he work in Taipei or in Shanghai.句子:He works hard,and his father is proud of him.He doesn’t study hard, but his teacher likes him.基本连词衍生的其他连词And、or和but衍生的连词Andboth .. and .....两者都Oreither...or...要么..要么...neither..nor...既不..也不..ButNot only ... but also ..不..而且...not...but... .并不.而....使用这些衍生词要注意一下事项:①连接主语时,both…and …之后始终接复数动词,其余衍生连词连接主语时,动词要随最近的主语做单复数变化。
例1:Both he and I are happy about it.例2:Either he or I am wrong.例3:Neither you nor he is to blame.②both…and…/neither…nor…/not…but…等三组连词通常不连接句子,而not only…but also…可以用来连接句子,但not only引导的句子要采用倒装结构。
例:Not only can she sing, but she can also dance.(注意是第一分句倒,后面第二分句不倒)③not only…but also…中的also通常可以省略。
2021届人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(09)关系代词知识点总结整理关系词也起句子的连接作用,但种类繁多,特别整理分享给大家。
关系词总共有3种:关系代词。
关系代词主要有who,whom,which和that。
关系代词用来引导定语从句。
例1:He is a man who always means what he says例2:That’s the book which Ilike例3:He works hard,which is a fact that we all know在第1例中,who代替 a man ;例2中which代替the book;而在例3中,which代表he works hard,that代表a fact,相当于which。
①关系代词使用有2个原则A.关系代词前要有先行词(表人或事物的名词)B.关系代词在所引导的定语从句中要作主语、宾语和表语;否则关系单词前一定要有介词解说:例1.He is a good student who studies hard. Who在引导的定语从句中作主语,之前有先行词 a good student。
所以句子正确例2.He is a boy whom everyone loves. whom 在引导的定语从句中作宾语,之前有先行词 a boy。
所以句子正确例3.He is a man whom I enjoy working.这个句子正确吗?whom之前有先行词,满足第一原则;但是在定语从句中已经有主语I ,而working 为不及物动词变成的动名词,之后不能接宾语。
所以whom在句中既不能作主语也不能做宾语。
因此要加介词。
He is a man for whom I enjoy working (他是一个我很乐意为他工作的人)He is a man with whom I enjoy working. (他是一个我很乐意与他工作的人),这里可以把介词放到后面形成:He is a man whom I enjoy working with.介词置后可以省略关系代词形成:he is a man I enjoy working with.② which除了代替事物,还可以代替之前的句子,但要用逗号隔开。
t h a n引导定语从句As、but和than通常都是以介词、连词等身份被大家所熟知,而它们居然可以摇身一变成为关系代词,在定语从句中做主语和宾语。
As As最基本的用法是做连词“与……一样”表示同级的比较,介词“作为”。
下面是它特殊的用法,例句: 1. He does not possess such qualifications as are necessary to be an actor. 他并不具备一名演员应有的资格。
2. She bought the same skirt as I had bought last week so I need to talk to her about it so we don't wear them the same at the same time. 她买的那条裙子和我上周买的一模一样,我要和她商量一下,免得“撞衫”。
上面两个例句中定语从句都使用了as作为关系代词,我们可以发现例句1中含有“such…as…”,例句2中含有“the same…as…”,由此可见,我们到底要不要使用as来做关系代词,可以根据句中是否出现了与as搭配的短语进行判断。
3. The murderer who had killed several people on the campus was finally arrested by the police, as was expected. 如我们所愿,那个在校园杀害数人的杀人犯终于被警方逮捕。
该句中并未出现与as搭配的短语,此处的用法是as做关系代词指代前面整个句子,在定语从句中做主语。
But大家熟悉的but基本都是以转折连词的身份出现,但是它还兼职在做定语从句中的关系代词。
例句: There is no man but errs. 没有任何人能够不犯错误。
句中的先行词是man,but自然就充当了关系代词的角色,但我们从句意中可以发现,but带有一层否定的意思,相当于“who not”。
定语从句中特殊关系代词as,than和but的用法话题:从句定语教育学习特殊关系代词的用法:关系词通常是用来引导定语从句的,但as,than和but这三个词却与which, who, that, where, when和why等典型的关系词不同。
三者本身具有常见的字面意义,前面有名词作先行词,但后面的定语从句却不像典型的定语从句。
这些既像连接词又像关系词的词,我们就姑且称它们为准关系词。
一、as作为准关系代词出现在the same ... as, such ... as, 和as ... as等结构中。
这时, as前面通常要有名词;as 后面的从句意义上不像是通常的定语从句;as需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
1. the same ... as1) as在从句中作主语She is the same person as came here last Sunday. 她就是上星期天来这儿的那个人。
2) as在从句中作宾语This is the same watch as I lost while I was doing the sightseeing in Shanghai three months ago. 这块表跟我三个月前在上海观光时丢失的那块一样。
3) as在从句中作be动词的表语China is not the same country as it used to be. 中国已今非昔比。
4) as在从句中作行为方式状语You should learn to do housework in the same way as your mother does it. 你应该学会像你母亲那样做家务活。
2. such ... as1) as在从句中作主语Let children read such books as tend to make them better and brighter. 让孩子看那些容易让他们变得更好更聪明的书。
第11讲特殊句式和主谓一致特殊句式[深化认知]一、倒装句(一)部分倒装1.将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。
这类词(组)有:never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。
Not until the press reported the pollution did people know why the water supply had been cut off.直到报纸报道污染情况,人们才知道水供给为什么会被切断。
2.“only+状语”置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。
(2013·全国卷Ⅱ单选)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.只有增加50%的医生,病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。
3.so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。
So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.他患病突然,全家人全然不知所措。
4.表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用倒装结构“so/ neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。
2024届高三英语高考一轮复习语法考点连词as知识点总结(讲义)高三英语教研室整理as与短语as的用法非常之多,但是可以分成两大类:与短语连用和与句子连用。
as + 短语——作为as + 句子——原因、正如、时间状语、伴随、转折(倒装标志)从上面的用法列表里可以看出,as和短语连用的概念非常直接,表示“作为”的含义,可以用来描述人物的身份地位或事物的性质功能。
人物的身份和地位I received it during the first June I faced as a widow to raise two teenage daughters alone.我在作为寡妇所面对的第一个六月收到了它,那时我要独自抚养两个女儿。
Days later, I got a job as a summer camp counselor.数天之后,我得到了一份工作,作为一名夏令营的辅导员。
I think I have a position for you as a teacher's assistant.我想我有一个职位给你,作为一名助教。
事物的性质和功能She brought a toy bear to me as a present and told me about her college life.她买了一个玩具熊给我当作礼物,并且给我讲述了她的大学生活。
With a pleasant smile, she told me Jimmy brought them to her as a "get-well gift".她面带微笑的告诉我Jimmy给她带来了这些作为“康复礼物”。
我们曾经见过许多和as在一起使用的动词,构成“v + as”这样的短语,其实as的作用是一模一样的。
My mom, acting as a peacemaker, would slowly enter and sit next to me on the bed.我的母亲,扮演一名调停者的角色,就会慢慢的走进我的房间并且坐在我的床边。
人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(30)主谓一致知识点总结整理2021届人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(30)主谓一致知识点总结整理主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。
一般情况下,主谓一致关系由语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近原则支配。
下面我们分别来学习3种原则下的特殊用法及种类:语法一致原则语法一致原则:即谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语是单数,谓语动词用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数。
例:Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
Her job is teaching French. 她的工作是教法语。
A large amount of damage was done in a short time. 短期内造成大量损害。
1、主语是不可数名词、动名词、不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数.Smoking is not a good habit. 吸烟是个坏习惯T o study in the United States is my greatest desire. 去米国学习是我最大的愿望What I said is true. 我说的是真的2、由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一人或物的时候,谓语动词用单数The singer and songwriter is dead. 这个歌手兼作曲家死了The science and technology plays an important part in China. 科学与技术在我国扮演着举足轻重的地位“War and Peace”is the best book I have ever read. 《战争与和平》是我读过最好的书。
注意:如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用主语要用单数名词。
Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.Each minute and second is valuable to us.3、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数;主语是负数,谓语动词则用复数Jack with his family wants to go to China. 杰克和他的家人想去中国。
2021届人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(11)than,as和but作关系代词用法知识点总结整理
than, as, but作准关系代词的用法
关系代词通常是用来引导定语从句的,than, as和but除了做
基本连词外还可以作准关系代词,但是与which,who,that等关系
代词不同,than, as和but引导的定语从句与典型的定语从句不太
相像,因此称它们为准关系代词。
Than,as,but作准关系代词条件是:前面必须有先行词(名词)
例:
I have more money than you do (我比你有钱)
He has as much money as I do (他和我的钱一样多)
There is nothing but he knows(没有什么他不知道的)
我们分别进行详细说明:
1.Than 作准关系代词的用法
Than 之前若有名词,则than = than + the + 前面的名词+ 关系代词(who, whom, which),因此可以将than 视为关系代词。
Than 作准关系代词通常出现在more …than,less…than, fewer…than等结构中,且在从句中可以充当主语,宾语和be动
词后得表语。
例1. I have more money than is needed.(than作从句的
主语)
= I have more money than the money which is needed (我现有的钱比所需要的多)
例2. I have more money than h e needs(than作从句的宾语)
I have more money than the money which he needs
(我现有的钱比他所需要的多)
例3. heis a better student than you(are ).(than 作从句的表语)
2.As 作准关系代词的用法
as之前若有名词,则as = as + the + 前面的名词+ 关系代词(who, whom, which),因此可以将as 可视为关系代词,并在所引导的从句中作主语,宾语和be动词之后的表语。
但只用于下列短语中:
as作为准关系代词只能用于下列短语:
1. Such+n. + as...
例: I don't like such a man as tells lies(as作从句的主语) 我不喜欢说谎的人
2. The same+ n. + as...
例: I have the same book as you bought yesterday(as作从句的宾语)
我有一-本书和你昨天买的-样
3. As+ adj. +n. + as...
例1: he is as diligent a man as ever lived(as作从句的主语) 他是有史以来最勤奋的人
例2: he is as good a man as John (as 作从句的表语)
他是个和约翰一样好的人
注意:
①such + n. 之后不可用like(像)加以修饰。
Such a man like him is bad. (错)
Such a man as him is bad.(对)
②as 可替代主句。
单独使用as时,as也可以作关系代词,等于which,用来代替整个主句。
He is nice, which is known to us
= he is nice , as is known to us(他人很好,我们都知道)
③as引导的从句可置于主句的前后,而which引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
例. He is nice, as we all know= as we all know, he is nice
④只能与单数可数名词使用的结构。
只能与单数可数名词使用的结构:
1.So .. that如...以至于......
例:he is so good a boy that I like him
2.As ... ...as 和.....样地.....
例: he is as handsome a man as Peter (is)
3.Too .. to ...太......而不....
例:heistoooldamantodoit
4.how...多么地
例: how great a man he is
3.But 作为准关系代词的用法。
But 作为准关系代词时,只用于“no + n.”之后,此时but 等于who(whom, which )…not.
即there is no + 名词+ who(whom, which, that)…not
= there is no + 名词+ but……
注意:
定语从句中有be 动词保留be动词
例:there is no one who is not interested in it.
= there is no one but is interested in it(没有人不对他感兴趣)
定语从句中有助动词(can,will,may,should…)保留该助动词。
There is nothing that he can not do
=There is nothing but he can do(没有什么事是他做不来的)
定语从句中有do,does和did等助动词时,先去掉助动词,再依时态人称将之后的动词还原。
There is no book which he doesn’t like to read
= There is no book but he likes to read.。