2006年10月旅游英语选读试题

Lession 1 What is tourism?1.Four different perspectives of tourism(要考虑的四个不同方面)：The tourist / The business providingtourist goods and services / The goverment of the host community or area / The host community2.The importance of giving a definition of tourism(旅游定义的重要性)：Each of the many definitions thathave arisen is amied at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem,and the lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline.3.One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities tounderstand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted.4.WTO definitions(WTO 下的定义)1)The definitions of tourism(旅游)：Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and stayingin places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,business and other purposes.2)The definitions of international tourism(国际旅游)a)Inbound tourism(入境旅游):visits to a country by nonresidentsb)Outbound tourism（出境旅游）:visits by residents of a country to another country3)The definitions of internal tourism（境内旅游）:visits by residents of a country to their own country4)The definitions of domestic tourism（国内旅游）: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourismmarket of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)5)The definitions of national tourism（国家级旅游）: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(theresident market tourism market for travel agents and airlines)5.Tourism as defined by...(其他国家或地区定义)1)The United States(美国)：A tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at least 50miles(one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs,or any other purpose except to commute to work,whether he stays overnight or returns the same day.2)Canada（加拿大）:nonresident travelers, resident travelers, and other travelers.Both nonresidenttravelers and resident travelers include both same-day and business muters are included and are not distinguished from other same-day business travelers. Other travelers consist of immigrants, former residents, military personnel, and crews.3)The United Kingdom（英国）:It measures all trips away from home lasting one or night or more,takenby residents for holidays,visits to friends and relatives(nonholiday), or for business, conferences, and most other purposes.4)Australia（澳大利亚）:A person visiting a location at least 40 km from his usual place of residence, fora period of at least 24 hours and not exceeding twelve months.5)Chuna（中国）：The sum of all the phenomena and relations arising from the travel and temporary stayby people who have left home to go to other places to visit.Notes；Leisure time余暇 a study tour考察旅游 a wilderness park天然公园vital to对...至关重要the rail of a cruise sgip游船栏杆make a profit获得利润tax receipts税收收入the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入the sum total收入乘数august bodies权威机构...arriving at a consensus达到统一round trip往返旅行narrow operational definitions只限于实际操作的定义come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted做出一个能被普遍接受的定义Lession 2 Mass tourism and New tourism1.Modern tourism1)The Grand Tour（大旅游）:A tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but notexclusively for education and pleasure.2)The first package holiday built around air transport:This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, aRussian emigre educated at the London School of Economics.2.Mass tourism（大众旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:standardization and rigidity2)Four conditions（4个条件）:a)The holiday is standardized, rigidly packaged and inflexible.No part of the holiday couldbe altered except by paying higher prices.b)The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scaleeconomies as the driving force.c)The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.d)The holiday is consumed en mass, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms,culture, people or the environmens of tourist receiving destinations.3.New tourism（新旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:one of the key characteristic s of the new tourism is flexibility---flexibleconsumers, flexibile services and the flexibility of products to more with the market.2)Conditions（条件）:a)The holiday isflexible and can be purchased at prices that are competitive withmass-produced holidays.b)Production of travel and tourism-related services are not dominated by scale economiesalone.Tailor-made services will be produced while still takong advantages of scaleeconomies where they apply.c)Production is increasingly driven by the requirements of consumers.d)The holiday marketed to individuals with different needs, incomes, time constraints andtravel interests. Mass marketing is no longer the dominant paradigm.e)The holiday is consumed on a large scale by tourists who are more experienced travelers,more educated, more destinationoriented, more independent, more flexible and more‘green’f)Comsumers look at the enviroment and culture of the destinations they visit as a key partof the holiday ecperience.3)Five main impulses driving new tourism（5个推动力）:a)New consumersb)New technologiesc)New production practicesd)New management techniquese)Changes in the industry’s frame conditionsNotes:Harks back to可追溯到，开始于Low Countries低地国家package tours包价旅游Was equated with相等purchasing power购买力coupled with外加，加上Paid holidays带薪假日mass tourism大众旅游charter flights包机航班Vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合diagonal integration斜向联合Market segmentation市场细分airline oligopolies航线的寡头垄断takes hold固定下来，确立Customized cervices按要求提供的服务dominant paradigm主要形式geared to适应More green更有环保意识scale economics规模经济scope economics范围经济Tailor-made services特别服务项目at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港holds for适用于Take hold抓住spur on飞驰Lession 3 Tourism Organizations1.International Organizations（国际旅游）:1)World Tourism Organization---WTO 世界旅游组织，中国1983年10月加入It is the only organization that represents all national and official tourists interests.2)International Air Transport Association---IATA 国际航空运输协会，中国1999年加入It is the global organization for virtually all the international air carriers.3)International Civil Aviation Organization---ICAO 国际民航组织，1971年加入It is an organization of some 80 governments joined to promote civil aviation on a worldwide scale.2.Regional international Organizations（区域性国际组织）:1)Organization for Economic Cooperation Development---OECD 经济合作与发展组织2)Pacific Asia Travel Association---PATA 太平洋亚洲旅行协会，简称“太亚旅协”，中国已加入3.National Organization（国家组织）:1)The United States Travel and Tourism Administration美国旅行和旅游管理2)The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游局Notes:Access to能进入，能适用tourist operatprs旅游经营商police registration出境证明Frontier formalities边境手续air carriers航空公司baggage checks行李票Accreditation services审定工作contracting countries签约国in accordance with根据Apply to适用于be of use有用的eligible for合格，够资格concentrate on集中于Rank as排名second to仅次于engaged in从事于Lession 4 Defining the Person1.International travel1)The first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical Experts（统计专家委员会第一次提出的建议）The first recommendation made in 1963 by the Committee of Statistical Experts of the short-lived League of Nations. Their definition described an international tourist as anyone visting a country, other than that which is usual place of residence, for more than 24 hours.2)The modification made by the IUOTO（IUOTO的修改）：The International Union of Official Travel Organization(IUOTO) resurrected and modified the Committee’s definition in 1950 by including students on study tours as tourists and by specifying a new type of traveller called an international excurionist.3)Distinction between tourists and visitors drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel andTourism（1963联合国在罗马召开的国际旅游会议对游客和游客之间的区别）：It drew a distinction between tourists ,who stayed for more than 24 hours, and visiters, who stayed for less than 24 hours.4)The distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the ExpertStatistical Group（专家统计所建议的游客和游客或远足之间的区别）：They syggested that the distinction be made between tourists, who stayed overnight, and day visitors or Excursionists, who did not.5)Terms and associated definitions published by the WTO in 1981（1981年WTO公布的相关条款的定义）：International visiters are to be divided into international tourists and international excursionists:International tourists: visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.International excursionists: visitors who do not spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.2.Domestic travelWTO’s guidelines for the definition of demostic tourism（WTO对国内旅游定义的指导方针）：They urge national tourism organization to:a)Include both citizens and foreign nationals in their country as domestic travelers.b)Exclude travel associated with the pursuit of employment, such as commuting.c)Make a distinction between extended or permanent migration and short-term migration or travel.d)Make a further distinction between stays of more than 24 hours(or overnight) and less than 24 hours(ornot involving overnight stays).Notes:Evolved out of从...演变而来en route在途中transit travelers过境旅游者Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组in the capacity of以...的身份 a lay-over短暂停留Take up拿起be identical to与...相同impose on利用Lession 5Determining Fctors of Tourism1.objective conditions of tourism（客观条件）1)positive effects on demands（积极影响）: discretionary incomes/ inceased edycational standards/increased leisure time/ improved transport2)negative effeces on demands（消极影响）: life cycle of the family2.motivation of tourism（旅游动机）1)The role of marketing（市场营销中的作用）：It is the role of marketing to suggest objectives---cruises,flights, or vacations---to satisfy needs, an awareness of which has already been created.2)Maslow’s hierachy of needs model（马斯洛的需要层次模型）：a)Physiological---hunger, thrist, rest, activicyb)Safety---security, freedom from fear and anxietyc)Belonging and love---affection, giving and receiving loved)Esteem self esteem and esteem from otherse)Self-actualization---personal self-fulfillmentNotes:Net discretionary incomes可随意支配的净收入resultant promotion职位的提升indulge in尽情享受the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the mode of travel旅行方式dealers in dreams销售梦幻accomodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施need deficiencies需求不足opt for选择end objecttive最终目标lay out设计（城市、花园等）hierachy of needs model需要层次模型submit to服从，听任in light of看作the idea of prepotency优先原理be embodied in体现Lession 6 Types of Tourists and Their Needs1.Types of tourists(旅游者类型)：rest and relaxation/ cultural visits/ educational visits/ exotic andunusual holidays/ travel as a norm of behavior/ business travel/ other travelers for pleasure2.Business travel1)Five points which influence decisions for business（影响商务决策的5点）：a)Type of customer to be visitedb)Type of industry to be visitedc)Locations of customers/industryd)Timing and duration of visitse)Reason or need for visit2)Business travel in the United States（美国的商务旅游）:In the USA about 10 per cent of all trip involeup to thirty nights in a hotel.3)Business travel in Britain（英国商务旅游）:Britain, with an international or export-orientated businessactivity was in the upper end of these figures.Notes:in that在...方面the jargon of marketing营销学术语be dictated by取决于on offer出售，提供the support辅助服务cultural/educational visits文化/修学旅游be of prime importance最重要的exotic and unusual holidays猎奇旅游in character with与...本质上一致balanced by被...抵消all and sundry所有人，全部rare flora and fauna珍惜植物和动物local color地方色彩is ascribed to因为...造成的travel for travel’s sake为了旅游而旅游the foregoing前述各项the done thing合乎俗礼的事be addicted to沉溺于price inelastic无价格弹性appropriate for/to相称的be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务人员的需要提供服务Lession 7 Travel Agents（旅游代理）1.The role of travel agents1)Differences between the travel agent’s role and that of other retailers（旅行社和其他零售商的差异）：agents do not purchase a product for resale to their customers.2)Implications of these differences（差异影响）:a)The cost of setting up in business is comparatively small compared to that of other retailbusinessb)Agents are not seeking to dispose of products they have already purchased, so will thereforedisplay less brand loyalty towards a particular product or company3)The main role of the travel agent（主要角色）:to provide a convenient location for the purchase oftravel.4)Range of serives（服务范围）:not only on the basis of the commission each earns but alsodepending upon the demand in an area, the degree of specialisation of the agency and the preferences and marketing policies of the proprietor.2.Travel agency skills and competencies1)Factors in the agency’s sucess(成功因素):good management and good service.2)Functions of staff（职能）:a)Advising potential travellers on resorts, carriers, travel companies and travel facilitiesworld-wideb)Making reservations for all travel requirmentsc)Planning itineraries of all kinds, including complex muitistopover independent toursd)Accurately computing airline and other farese)Issuig travel tickets and vouchersf)Communicating by telephone and letter with travel principals and customersg)Maintaning accurate files on reservationsh)Maintaning and displaying stocks of travel brochuresi)Interceding with principals in the event of customer complaints3)Counter-staff skills（技能）:a)The ability to read timetables and other data sourcesb)To construct airline faresc)To write ticketsd)To have sufficient knowledge of their customers to be able to match customer needs with theproducts availablee)Can competenely operate computers, especially computer reservations systemsNotes:Travel principals旅游经营商travel retailers旅游零售商（代理商）ratail agencies零售旅行社Sales outles---distribution outlets销售网点vie with与...竞争air fares航空票价Decide against决定不... decide on/upon就某事做出决定source of revenue收入来源Brand loyaity对某一特定品牌的信赖target sales目标销售额return on sales销售回报Look to...(for)指望...，希望（从）...得到car hire小汽车出租word of mouth口碑Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传the local share of the market当场市场份额Potential travellers潜在的旅游者in the event of如果basic point-to-point air fares两地间基本航空运价Suffice to say that只要说..就够了back office and front office后台和前台hard wired硬接线Capital investment资本投资come to terms with接受to package their own tours组合自己的包价旅游Is ideally suited for非常适合stands in the way of阻挡take on带上dispose of处理set up成立Lession 8 The Tour Brochure(旅游宣传册)1.The inportant role of the brochure(重要角色):It is a vital marketing tool, being the main influence on thecustomer’s decision to buy.2.package tour brochure（包价旅游手册）：It can be described as falling to three categories---shell folders/umbrella brochures/ regular tour brochures.rmation required in the brochure（手册里的内容）a)The name of the firm respp\onsible for the inclusive tourb)The means of transport used, including, in the case of air transports, the name of the carrier(s), type andclass of aircraft used and whether scheduled or charter aurcraft are operatedc)Full details of destinations, itinerary and times of traveld)The duration of each tour(nimber of days/nights’ stay)e)Full description of the location and type of accomodation provided, including any mealsf)Whether services of a representative are available abroadg) A clear indication of the price for each tour, with any extras charged clearly shown on the same pageh)Exact details of special arrangementsi)Full conditions of booking, including details of cancellation conditionsj)Details of any optional or compulsory insurance coveragek)Details of documentation required for travel to the destinations featured, and any heslth hazards or inoculations recommended4.Ways of reducing wastage（减少浪费的方法）:By establishing standards against which to monitor theperformance of travel agents.Notes:Tour brochure旅游宣传册marketing tool市场营销工具design studio设计室publicity material宣传品intangible product无形产品advertising agency广告公司computer grahic packages计算机图形包in-house computer内部计算机lay out设计fall into分为，陷入（某状态）tailor-made预先安排的tour basing fares包价旅游票价run to多达long-haul and short-haul长途和短途house name公司名称games room游艺室insurance coverage保险范围running off印出invest in投资于cut down削减distribution to分发put on增加associate with与...联系在一起。

全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二)试题课程代码：00596Ⅰ.Reading Comprehension.(50 points,2points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. After each passage, there are five questions followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OnePlants and animals that have been studied carefully seem to have built-in clocks．These biological clocks，as they are called，usually are not quite exact in measuring time．However，they work pretty well because they are“ reset ”each day，when the sun comes up．Do pigeons use their biological clocks to help them find directions from the sun? We can keep pigeons in a room lit only by lamps．And we can program the lighting to produce artificial “days”，different from the day outside．After a while we have shifted their clocks．Now we take them far away from home and let them go on a sunny day．Most of them start out as if they know just which way to go，but choose a wrong direction．They have picked a direction that would be correct for the position of the sun and the time of day according to their shifted clocks．It is known and experimented that homing pigeons can tell directions by the sun．But what happens when the sky is darkly overcast by clouds and no one can see where the sun is? Then the pigeons still find their way home．The same experiment has been repeated many times on sunny days and the result was always the same．But on very overcast days clock-shifted pigeons are just as good as normal pigeons in starting out in the right directions．So it seems that pigeons also have some extra sense of direction to use when they cannot see the sun．Naturally，people have wondered whether pigeons might have a built-in compass－something that would tell them about the directions of the earth’s magnetic field．One way to test that idea would be to see if a pigeon’s sense of direction can be fooled by a magnet attached to its back．With a strong magnet close by，a compass can no longer tell direction．To test the idea，a group of ten pigeons had strong little magnet bars attached to their backs．Another group carried brass bars instead which were not magnetic．In a number of experiments，both groups were taken away from home and let go．On sunny days none of the magnet-pigeons was fooled．They were just as good as the brass-pigeons in starting out in the right direction toward home．On cloudy，overcast days，however，with no sun the brass-pigeons chose the right direction，but the magnet-pigeons were in trouble．They later started out in different directions and acted completely lost．Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One．11．Which of the following can best describe the organization of the passage?A．Questions are raised first and then experiments to answer them are cited．B．opinions are given first and then evidences against them ore quoted．C．Statements come first and examples supporting them follow．D．People’s long held belief s are cited first and exceptions come after．2．What can be inferred from the passage about biological clocks?A．They are used by all plants and animals to tell time．B．Pigeons’biological clocks are regulated every day with the sunrise．C．The built-in biological clocks cannot be changed．D．They gradually developed as pigeons grow mature．3．How can people shift pigeons’ biological clocks?A．By training them when they are young．B．By minor and harmless operations．C．By taking them really far away from home．D．By keeping them in artificial days．4．Whic h is true about pigeons’ finding directions?A．With a brass on back they can find directions sooner．B．They can find directions better than other birds．C．They use the earth’s magnetic field and the sun to find directions．D．They can find directions only to their home．5．What does the author want to say by citing the last experiment?A．On heavily cloudy days，pigeons that are not well trained do not fly.B．Pigeons use different sources to find directions on different weather.C．Magnetic field is an important source in helping pigeons to find directions.D．The little magnet bars make it easier for pigeons to find directions．Passage TwoIn some ways,yes—but the differences matter more．Just as human history has been shaped by the rise and fall of successive empires，the computer industry has, in the few decades of its existence，been dominated by one large company after another．During the mainframe era，IBM wore the crown．But it fumbled the transition to smaller machines in the personal-computer era，and the throne was usurped by Microsoft．Now，at the dawn of the new era of Internet services，Google is widely seen as the heir to the kingdom．As the upstart has matured into a powerful industry giant，the suggestion2that “Google is the new Microsoft”has become commonplace in computing circles．Is it true?The comparison is both a compliment and a reproach．It is a compliment because it implies that Google has now become the company that defines the environment in which other technology firms operate，just as IBM and Microsoft once did．As with Microsoft in its heyday，Google is the technology firm where the smartest geeks aspire to work；it embodies the technological zeitgeist；and it is a highly regarded company that has become a household name．But the comparison is also a reproach，because it highlights growing concern that Google is now too powerful for its own good，or that of the industry，or indeed that of the world at large．For many people，Google provides the front door to the Internet．For many online businesses,their position in its search ranking—the workings of which are a closely guarded secret—is a matter of life or death．Too much power is thus concentrated in Goo gle’s hands，say critics，including Microsoft’s Bi ll Gates．Microsoft and other big Internet firms，including eBay，Amazon and Yahoo，are now said to be negotiating various alliances in order to provide a counterweight to the new behemoth．Smaller firms feel even more vulnerable．As soon as Google says it is moving into a particular market，small fry in that market now dart for cover，unless they are lucky enough to be acquired by Google．Yet there are some crucial ways in which Google differs from Microsoft．For a start，it is a far more innovative company，and its use of small，flexible teams has so far allowed it to remain innovative even as it has grown．Microsoft，in contrast，has stagnated as a result of its size and dominance．It is least innovative in the markets in which it faces the least competition—operating systems，office software and web browsers—though it is，curiously，still capable of innovating in markets in which it has strong rivals(notably video gaming)．Try to avoid using Microsoft software for a day，particularly if you work in an office，and you will have difficulty；but surviving a day without Google is relatively easy．It has strong competitors in all the markets in which it operates：search，online advertising，mapping，software services，and so on．Large firms such as Yahoo，which previously farmed searches out to Google，have switched to other technologies．Goo gle’s market share in search has fallen from a high of around 80％to around 50％today．Perhaps the clearest evidence that Googl e’s continued dominance is not inevitable is the fate of Alta Vista，the former top dog in Internet search．Who remembers it today?Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two．6．The comparison made among IBM，Microsoft and Google suggests that_____.A．IBM is no longer an important firm in the computer industryB．Microsoft has always been dominant in the computer industryC．Google is gaining a dominant position in computing technologyD．it is not valid to make a comparison between the three firms7．Which of the following is NOT true about Google?3A．Google is widely known only in computing circles．B．Google is being criticized for being too powerful．C．Google is of vital importance to online businesses．D．Google is likely to eplace Microsoft in computer industry．8．Compared with Microsoft, ogle is said to be more_____.A．stagnate in technology B．inflexible in structureC．ambitious in development D．innovative in market9．Microsoft is facing challenges in_____.A．operating system B．office softwareC．web browsers D．video gaming10．Which is used as an example to predict the likely future of Goo gle’s Internet earch?A．Alta Vista．B．Yahoo．C．eBay．D．Amazon．Passage ThreeIt is such an odd relationship between people and pandas．We are so fond of them that when the Chinese government lent a pair to the San Diego Zoo for six months，the number of visitors increased sharply，and the zoo sold over half a million panda T-shirts．When a Panda was born in Tokyo Zoo in 1986，thousands of people phoned daily to hear a recording of the baby’s c ry．Although the reason we love pandas is not easy to explain，animal scientists offer some plausible theories．They suggest that parenting instincts are aroused by the common characteristics of babies：round faces and small jaws．Pandas，even in adulthood，display all of these interesting features．Until recently，however，it seemed nearly certain that this much-loved creature was destined to die out．Even now the giant panda numbers fewer than 1000 in a shrinking wilderness in one small area in China，an untimely end for the wo rld’s most beloved wild species may still be avoidable．“It’s easy to save the panda，”says George Schaller，the New York Zoological So ciety’s panda expert and a world renowned zoologist．“All it needs is bamboo and peace．”Wild life experts have recommended some basic steps to help．A detailed plan for the protection of panda has been drawn up by the Wildlife Fund，in cooperation with the Chinese Ministry of Forestry．The plan calls for a 70％increase in the panda preserve at a cost of $20，000，000 over five years．The plan was submitted to the Chinese government in August，1989．After more than a year of debating and delay，the National People’s Congress voted in favor of the bill to fund the plan．4Almost 100 pandas are kept in Chinese Zoos and at institutions in other countries，but during the past three decades fewer than 100 baby pandas have been born in China．And the majority of these have died young．Despite such unfavorable circumstance，the giant pandas prospects are better now than in the recent past．New insights into behavior，diet and physiology offer hope to protect and raise these animals more effectively．The most promising hope for panda’s future seems to be the increased efforts by Chinese government．They have established 13 panda reserves and announced plans for 14 more．A farm has been relocated away from a panda habitat, and some 60 families living in one reserve have been relocated，costing the government nearly $ 370，00．Public concern for the welfare of pandas has been heightened by stiff penalties for poaching—although it remains a serious problem．A few farmers have captured isolated pandas and released them back to larger habitats．Questions 11-15 are based on Passage Three．11．The passage mainly discusses_______．A．the mysterious life of pandasB．attentions towards panda protectionC．public liking for pandasD．the strange behaviors of pandas12．Pandas are much loved by people for all of the following reasons EXCEPT_______．A．their baby-like featuresB．their round faces and small jawsC．their attractive criesD．their inactivity13．Which of the following factors plays a NEGATIVE rol e to panda’s surviving?A．Public concern for panda’s welfa re has been heightened．B．Chinese government invested more money in panda protection．C．Proper protection measures were not taken in time．D．More reserves will be established in China．14．Which of the following plays a key role in panda protection?A．Animal behaviorists．B．Chinese government．C．American zoologists．D．The zoos which raise pandas．15．Pandas can be better protected today owing to______．A．a better understanding of the animalB．the increase in foreign funds5C．their increasing popularityD．the efforts of American scientistsPassage FourThat experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering．Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory．Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to 1ead to skilful performance on the piano，to recitation of a poem，and even to reading and understanding these words．So-called intelligent behavior demands memory，remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning．The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory．Typically，the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences．Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material．Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten；and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious．Yet，dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive．In this sense，the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals．Indeed，when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experien ce leads to serious anxiety，forgetting may produce relief．Nevertheless，an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection．In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible．aspects，it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade．Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time，since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out，providing clues for inferring duration．Without forgetting，adaptive ability would suffer，for example，learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be．Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion．This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species．Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting．In this view，continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output)．Indeed，there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned．Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance．Questions 16-20 are based on Passage Four.16. From the evolutionary point of view,_______.A．sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequencesB．forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptiveC．if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptiveD．forgetting is an indication of an individual’s adaptability617.According to the passage, if a person never forgot,_______.A．he would survive bestB．he would have a lot of troubleC．the evolution of memory would stopD．his ability to learn would be enhanced18.From the last paragraph we know that _______.A．forgetfulness is a response to learningB．memory is a compensation for forgettingC．the capacity of a memory storage system is limitedD．the memory storage system is balanced19.The tone of the passage can best be described as _______.A．humorous B．theoreticalC．exaggerative D．philosophical20.The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to _______.A．interpret the function of forgettingB．illustrate the process of adaptingC．explain the performance of memoryD．emphasize the importance of learningPassage FiveMany people believe that beavers are intelligent animals. After all, their dams are fine examples of engineering. The engineering feats of beavers are well known, but it will be useful to recall their main features.A pair of beavers will construct a dam across a river. The water held back by the dam overflows the bank on either side of the river, flooding the adjacent ground and forming a pond. At some point in the pond the beavers then build their home, which is called a lodge. This consists of a conical pile of branches and sticks of two to six feet in length held together with mud and stones, the top of which projects above the waterline. It serves as a shelter from the elements, a refuge from enemies and a base for food supplies to be drawn upon in winter.From an engineering point of view the lodge could hardly be improved．Not only does it contain a central chamber just above water level，but it also has one or more escape tunnels，well-insulated walls and a vertical chimney，which regulates the temperature inside and gives air-conditioning．It is altogether a cunning piece of construction，with all modern conveniences．It is，in fact，better protected against the effects of flooding than many human habitations．Trees are essential to beavers．They eat the bark on the upper branches，and in order to reach these they must fell the7trees．Tree-felling is a skilled job，as anyone who has felled even a sapling knows．But beavers fell more than saplings．A pair is said to be able to fell a tree four inches in diameter in 15 minutes．They do it by gnawing all round the trunk，as high up from the ground as they can reach．They often build platforms of mud and earth to enable them to cut through the tree where the trunk is narrower．The engineering skill of beavers is to a large extent a result of their ability to use their front paws as hands．A female will carry her young held under her chin with her front paws walking on her hind legs．A similar method is used by all beavers when transporting stones or mud，although they also carry such materials on their broad flat tails．The forepaws are also used for burrowing and for dragging heavier logs．It is easy，therefore，to see why people should tal k about the beaver’ s skill，cleverness and intelligence．However，the structur e of the beaver’s brain gives no indication that the animal is any more intelligent than other rodents．Any of its actions，which appear to be the result of a higher order of reasoning，can be shown to be due to instinct and are suspected of being the outcome of an inborn pattern of behavior．Questions 21-25 are based on Passage Five．21．The passage implies that beavers prefer to build their home in_____.A．deep water B．shallow waterC．rivers rather than pond D．1akes rather than rivers22．The word “ elements ” in Paragraph 2 means_____.A．natural habitations for animalsB．environment natural to an individualC．atmospheric forces as rain, wind or snowD．substances as earth, water, air and fire23．The sentence “F rom an engineering point of view the lodge could hardly be improved ”means___．A．the lodge was too poor to improveB．the lodge was left much to improveC．the lodge was nearly perfectD．it is easy to improve the lodge24．Beavers fell trees mainly to___．A．build dams B．build their lodgesC．gain food D．exercise their jaws25．Which of the following statements is best to describe beavers?A．They are clever animals and learn quickly．8B．They are more intelligent than other animals．C．Many of their skills are developed in late life．D．Many of their skills are inborn capabilities．Ⅱ．Vocabulary.(10 points, 1 point for each)Directions：Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below．The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is．Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet．Camps are either temporary，that is changed from day to day，or they are permanent and may be visited year after year，or they may be used for a few weeks at a time. Temporary camps are the ones we are considering，and these can be elaborate or very，very simple．I prefer the latter，and I am sure the boys will agree with me．During the autumn and when the weather is dry and the nights not too cool, the best way to camp is in the open，sleeping on beds of boughs，about a roaring fire，and with one blanket under and another over．Small dog tents，like the ones our soldiers carried in the Civil War, are cheap and very convenient. Each man carried a section，and two made a tent, into which two men crawled when it rained，but in dry weather they preferred to sleep in the open，even when it was freezing．Shelters of boughs，arranged in an A-formed fashion from a ridge pole make good temporary shelters and are first rate as wind breaks at night．A shack built of crossed logs requires some time to build and some skill to make，but it is not beyond the reach of any boy who has seen—and who has not—an old-fashioned log shanty．26.not lasting(Para.1)plicated (Para.1)28.making a loud sound (Para.2)29.bed covering (Para.2)30.moved with the body close to the ground (Para.3)31.held above other things (Para.3)32.terribly cold (Para.3)33.a long rounded piece of wood (Para.4)34.outside the limits (Para.5)35.a roughly-built house like a shack (Para.5)Ⅲ.Summarization.(20 points,2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase9or sentence. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.Paragraph OneHigh salaries in the electricity, telecommunications and other monopoly industries have drawn strong criticism in China, where the Gini coefficient, now stands at 0.46, exceeding the internationally recognized alarm level of 0.45. So China is considering cutting wages in monopoly industries to reduce the country’s widening income gap. A draft directive document has been worked out for this purpose.36.The need to n ____the income gap.Paragraph TwoThrough operating remote controls and TV sets, people can log onto the Internet, send and receive E-mails, order dishes, and transfer accounts. They can choose different watching angles and show supports to particular teams while watching televised football games. Of course these services are not free. Experts say pay-TV is a little different with digital TV, but both stand for the developing trend of China’s television industry.37.The e_____ of pay-TV.Paragraph ThreeThis new kind of website is known as a“weblog ”,or “ bolg ”.A weblog is an online journal, typically consisting of a personal diary or social and political commentary ,sometimes with replies from readers. Blogs have common elements:updated frequently(usually daily); informal; grouped by date with links to archives of older posts.38.The passage talks about w_____.Paragraph FourA fashionable word in English these days is YAHOO, a word popularized by the Internet search engine carrying the same name. The original“yahoos”were quite different. They were the nasty, brutish, short and subhuman savages described in the Gulliver’s Travels.Today they are die-hard fans of the home team of any sport or sport enthusiasts who can’t help loving the home team.39.How did the w____ yahoo come?Paragraph FiveOn your interview day, you should arrive at least half an hour earlier. Tell the secretary at the reception desk about your arranged interview as soon as you get there, and wait in the lounge just to relax. But while waiting, watch your posture. When your name is called, let your interviewer see a candidate full of confidence and ready for nothing else but the interview.40.T_____for interviewees.Paragraph Six10A BMW is designed to bring confidence and joy to every moment you spend behind the wheel. Over the vast blanket of hard-packed snow and ice during the winter months, to respond with lightning accuracy in each of these situations may be impossible for a human driver, but not for a BMW equipped with All Season Traction.41.Gua antee of s____ for BMW drivers.Paragraph Seven“There are few earthly things more beautiful than a university ,”wrote John Mansfield in his tribute to English universities—and his words are equally true today. He admired the splendid beauty of the university, he said, because it was “a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to know, where those who perceive truth may strive to make others see.”42.The paragraph is about the u____ education.Paragraph EightConsumers of electricity usually accept the fact that power cuts frequently occur during thunderstorms. If outages(电力中断)occur on a sunny day, consumers will blame the power company. However, most outages occur due to circumstances beyond the power company’s control. Animals with the ability to reach the top of power poles can knock out power of many houses.43.There are many c_____ for power failure.Paragraph NineA poll was taken recently surveying twelve hundred adults in the United States to find out what they considered important in their lives. Ninety-six percent said that having a good family life was important. Ninety-five percent said that using their mind and abilities was important, which marks a shift in the type of work from physical labor to mental skills. 44.People’s v_____ towards life.Paragraph TenSome people feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Many notice their anxiety but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some try to hide their nervousness; some become aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes.45.Different r____ to tension when flying.Ⅳ.Translation.(20 points, 4 points for each)Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.Only 100 years ago man lived in harmony with nature. There weren’t so many people then and their wants were fewer. Whatever wastes were produced could be absorbed by nature and were soon covered over.(46) Today this harmonious relationship is threatened by man’s lack of foresight and planning, and by his carelessness and greed. For man is slowly11poisoning his environment.Pollution is a “dirty”word. To pollute means to contaminate—to spoil something by introducing impurities which make it unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it, taste it, drink it ,and stumble through it.(47) We literally live in pollution, and, not surprisingly, it is beginning to threaten our health, our happiness, and our very civilization.Once we thought of pollution as meaning simply smog—the choking, stinging, dirty air that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is still the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several which attack the most basic life function.Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, killing the wildlife. By dumping sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have contaminated our drinking water. We are polluting the ocean, too, killing the fish and thereby depriving ourselves of an invaluable food supply.(48) Part of the problem is our exploding population. More and more people produce more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our “throw-away”technology. Each year Americans dispose of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper,25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is easier and cheaper to buy a new one and discard the old, even though 95% of its parts may still be functioning. Soon we will wear clothing made of paper:“Wear it once and throw it away,”will be the slogan of the fashion-conscious.(49)Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem? Fortunately, solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious.Take the problem of discarded cars, for instance. They are too bulky to ship as scrap to a steel mill. They must first be flattened. This is done in a giant compressor which can reduce a Cadillac to the size of a television set in a matter of minutes. Any leftover scrap metal is mixed with concrete and made into exceptionally strong bricks that are used in buildings and bridges.What about water pollution? More and more cities are building sewage-treatment plants.(50) Instead of being dumped into a nearby river or lake, sewage is sent through a system of underground pipes to agiant tank where the water is separated from the solid waste material. The solid material is converted into fertilizer. The sludge can also be made into bricks.12。

旅游英语选读自考题-4(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence.1. Maintenance and provision of hotel services are the responsibilities of the ______ department ina hotel.A. food and beverageB. salesC. personnelD. engineering2. The experience of riding aboard the Orient Express was reintroduced in ______ after a complete restoration of the train had **pleted.A. 1995B. 1983C. 1970D. 19903. Most travel principals sell their products to consumers through the medium of ______, which have been in existence for more than a hundred years.A. potential travellersB. travel agentsC. businessmenD. salesmen4. Package tour brochures can be described as falling into the following three categories EXCEPT ______。

旅游英语选读自学考试试题(doc 10页)全国2007年10月高等教育自学考试旅游英语选读试题课程代码：00837请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Write all your answers on the Answer Sheet！I. Multiple Choice (l×20=20)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A. B. C. and D. Choosethe one that best completes the sentence.1. The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics convened by WTO in ______, ______, in 1991 reviewed, updated and expanded on the work of earlier international groups.A. Hanover, GermanyB. Ottawa, CanadaC. Madrid, SpainD. Osaka, Japan2. China has numerous temples, pagodas, statues, and cave carvings, ______ are associated with Buddhism, Daoismand Confucius.A. whoseB. whichoperators, foreign tour7. Increases in ______ and ______ are the main factors that give rise to tourism.A. travel marketing, travel agentsB. leisure time, warm weatherC. mode of travel, populationD. net discretionary incomes, improved educational standards8. The Pacific Asia Travel Association was founded ______ ______ to develop, promote and facilitate travel to and among the destination areas in and bordering the Pacific Ocean.A. in Hawaii, in 1951B. in Tokyo, in 1952C. in Soul, in 1955D. in HongKong, in19499. There are also a number of ______, and perhaps ______ effects on the tourist localities.A. more direct, more visibleB. most direct, most visibleC. less direct, less visibleD. least direct, least visible10. ______ and ______ have successfully expanded tourism without destroying their Environment.A. Australia, SwitzerlandB. Switzerland, AustriaC. Britain, SpainD. Spain, France11. The first task of a tour brochure is ______.A. to be attractive, truthful, accurate and easily comprehendedB. to reinforce an image of quality and reliabilityC. Both A and BD. to be quickly recognized by customers12. It has been said that more food and beverage repeat business has been lost by ______ than by poor food.A. poor serviceB. badly cooked foodC. badly designed menuD. poor interior design13. In the second half of the 20th century, travel ______ has become safe, comfortable, rapid and above all cheap.A. by waterB. by railwayC. by highwayD. by air14. ______ with a well-established transportation network, ______ effectively move its rapidly increasing numbers of international and domestic tourists.A. Only ... we canB. Only... can weC. As ... we shouldD. Once ... should we15. The automobile and the jet plane have radically affectedthe hospitality industry, ______travel patterns and ______ to the development of different types of hotels.A. change, leadB. changes, leadsC. changing, leadingD. changed, led16. Domestic tourism usually consists of ______ travel activities by citizens within their own country.A. businessB. leisureC. matureD. A and B17. Tourism contributes to both preservation and development of the world’s ______.A. cultural heritageB. cultural traditionC. scenic routeD. scenic wonder18. In the case of tourists interested in other cultures, ______ will determine the destination selected.A. the standard of accommodationB. the support servicesC. the location and availability of the cultural eventD. the sun-sea-sand set19. Today the successful general manager must be highly ______ person, capable of ______ a complex business enterprise.A. train, directB. trained, directingC. training, directedD. being trained, being directed20. In ______, ______ and ______, high-speed trains have been developed and are in operation.A. Britain, France, AustriaB. Germany, France, JapanC. Germany, Spain, JapanD. Britain, USA, AustraliaII. Reading Comprehension (2×10=20)Directions: Read the following passages and make your proper choice.(A)Traveling with children who are old enough to read, write, or play games need not be a problem. By taking along a supply of papers, pencils, or one of the excellent game books that are sold just for the purpose, the time can be made to fly. Verbal games, too, such as “Twenty Questions”, help to pass the hours.When traveling on public transportation, having games and diversions on hand is just as important, since it is unreasonable to expect children, especially small ones, to be able to sit still for long periods of time. It is up to you to keep watch over them, however, and not let them roam bythemselves or make excessive amounts of noise. Fellow passengers have paid for their travel tickets and even those who love children can learn to hate them quickly when trapped in a train or airplane with those who are ill-behaved.On ships there are usually activities of children. Although it is a break for parents to be able to send their children off to participate and have some time alone, you should still make sure that your children behave well. Children should not be permitted to race through corridors or to be unsupervised, no matter how much you enjoy relaxing in your desk chair without them nearby. It would be unfortunate if your children were the cause of other’s feelings that they were also traveling “with children”—— yours ——because of their interruption through constant noise, quarreling, or bad behavior.More and more frequently, children are sent to travel unaccompanied by an adult, whether to visit a relative, or to travel to grandparents. Many parents expect that a flight attendant or train steward will take care of their children when they send them off alone. This is an unreasonable expectation. Travel attendants have specific jobs to do, andthese do not include child care. For that reason each airline has established a minimum age for unaccompanied children. As long as that regulation is respected, there is no reason that children who are emotionally stable and unafraid should not travel by themselves. In my experience with our grandchildren, the airlines have done an excellent job of caring for them and the children have enjoyed it thoroughly. Of course, if it is not possible for a parent to accompany a very young child, then another adult should be hired as a traveling companion.21. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Traveling with a primary school child is not a problem.B. Adults find it easy to pass the time by doing the game such as “Twenty Questions”.C. Children find time fly by doing verbal games such as “Twenty Questions”.D. Game books help make the time pass quickly for young children.22. It is implied but not stated that ______.A. small children cannot be expected to be emotionally stablefor longB. parents find it harassing to take care of their own childrenC. small children always make much noiseD. few fellow passengers like traveling with children23. The italicized word “break”(Para. 3) most probably means “ ______ ”.A. accidentB. mistakeC. restD. pause24. Parents cannot depend on travel attendants to take care of their children because ______.A. they are not responsible for child careB. there is a minimum age for children who travel aloneC. their children are emotionally unstable and timidD. parents should always go with their children25. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. the author doesn’t like traveling with his childrenB. the a uthor doesn’t like traveling with other passengers’ childrenC. the author opposes the airlines’ minimum age for unaccompanied childrenD. the author prefers children’s unaccompanied trave l ifthey are old enough(B)With its almost six billion people, the world offers a fascinating variety of human shapes and colors. As humans spread throughout the world, their adaptations to diverse climate and other living conditions resulted in this fascinating variety of complexions, colors and shapes. Changes in the genetic structure added distinct characteristics to the peoples of the globe. In this sense the concept of race, a group with inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group, is a reality. Humans do indeed come in a variety of colors and shapes.In two senses, however, race is a myth, a fabrication of the human mind. The first fabrication is the idea that any one race is superior to another. All races have their geniuses —and their idiots. Like language, no race is superior to another. Adolf Hitler’s ideas were extreme. He believed that a superior race, called the Aryans, was responsible for the cultural achievements of Europe. They possessed the genetic stuff that made them inherently superior. Even many scientists of the time —not only Germany but throughout Europe and theUnited States —espoused the idea of racial superiority. Not surprisingly, they considered themselves members of the supposedly superior race!In addition to the myth of racial superiority, there is a second myth — that of the existence of a “pure” race. From the perspective of contemporary biology, humans show such a mixture of physical characteristics, that the “pure” races do not exist. Instead of falling into distinct types clearly separate from one another, human characteristics flow endlessly together. These minute gradations made arbitrary any attempt to draw definite lines.Large groupings of people, however, can be classified by blood type and gene frequencies. Yet even this arrangement does not uncover “race”. Rather, such classifications are so arbitrary that biologists and anthropologists can draw up listings showing any number of “race”. Ashley Montagu, a physical anthropologist, pointed out that some scientists have classified humans into only two “races”while others have found as many as two thousand. Montagu himself classified humans into forty “racial” groups.This is not meant to imply that the idea of race is a myth.That idea is definitely very much alive. It is firmly embedded in our culture, a social reality that we confront daily. Sociologist W. I. Thomas observed that “if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences”. The fact that no race is superior or that biologically we cannot even decide how people should be classified into races is not what counts. What makes a difference for social life, rather, is that people believe these ideas, for people act on beliefs, not facts. As a result, we always have people like Hitler. Most people, fortunately, do not believe in such extremes, yet most people also appear to be ethnocentric enough to believe, at least just a little, that their own race is superior to others. 26. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the diversification of human race resulted from ______.A. genetic inheritance and environmental influencesB. the differentiation of the inherited physical characteristicsC. humans' adaptations to diverse climate and other living conditionsD. genetic changes and distinct characteristics27. The italicized word “espoused” (Para. 2) probably means “______”.A. challengedB. questionedC. opposedD. supported28. Why is there no “pure” race according to the passage?A. Because people of different races often get married.B. Because people have different blood types.C. Because racial characteristics cover each other in part.D. Because there are so many races in the world.29. The author believes that any attempt at classifying races ______.A. is at best arbitraryB. is bound to be biasedC. tends to pick out one race as superiorD. takes culture into account30. The author concludes the passage by pointing out that ______.A. it is hardly possible to classify humans into racial groupsB. we should be on our guard against any idea of racial superiorityC. race is indeed a mystery to be explored and uncoveredD. it is not important how people should be classifiedIII. Cloze Test (0.5×20=10)Direction: Choose the one from the given A,B,C and D to complete the passage properly.Walt Disney World is indeed a Resort Park Complex with families in mind. 31 also goes without saying that a family 32 is an opportunity for families to relax and spend some “quality”33 together, but what about Mom and Dad? Here again the 34 thoughtful Disney people have 35 care of everything. Child care has never been more convenient and family 36 .On a recent trip 37 Disney World this Dad decided it was time to 38 our Disney Mom to a night out. Initially we felt a little 39 to leave our kids with 40 during our family vacation. In order to 41 our conscious, we decided to take our two 8 year 42 for a “visit”to the Cub Den before we abandoned them there 43 that night. The only problem we had during our visit was 44 them to leave. We were greeted by a Cast Member whose smile and friendly manner put everyone 45 ease. As we looked around the kids could not decide what they wanted to 46 first, the video games, toys, games or Disney Videos. We were also 47 that dinner would be provided and pizza was on the menu.48 the time approached to drop the kids off the only trouble we had was keeping up as we crossed the 49 on our way to the Cub Den. After signing them in we barely got a good-bye as they joined a group of kids who were seated on the floor 50 by a Disney Island animal caretaker and her special visitor.31. A. Which B. That C. It D. What32. A. trip B. vacation C. plan D. meet33. A. time B. experience C. hour D. night34. A. often B. forever C. never D. ever35. A. given B. taken C. made D. shown36. A. friendly B. friend C. friendliness D. friends37. A. for B. on C. at D. to38. A. invite B. treat C. have D. take39. A. willing B. excited C. reluctant D. sorry40. A. women B. strangers C. persons D. friends41. A. ease B. comfort C. persuade D. conquer42. A. older B. old C. oldest D. olds43. A. later B. late C. latest D. lately44. A. to get B. gotten C. getting D. got45. A. for B. in C. at D. with46. A. bring B. buy C. give D. explore47. A. asked B. informed C. tired D. noticed48. A. For B. Because C. As D. Though49. A. lorry B. lobby C. lodge D. laundry50. A. being entertained B. having entertained C. to be entertained D. to entertainIV. Fill in the blanks with the proper phrases given below. Make some changes if necessary.(1×10=10)Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases.account for contribute to engage in give rise to lay outlook to serve as step up set forth s trive to51. His absence ______ an excuse to get rid of him.52. Melting snow ______ the regular spring floods in this area.53. Research ______ to find ways of improving fuel economy.54. A magazine that is well ______ can easily attract reade rs’ attention.55. Their customers ______ them for expert product knowledge and objectivity in the advice they offer.56. He ______ be recognized as a pianist.57. Air pollution ______ respiratory diseases.58. The committee ______ their views in a report published today.59. The bad management of the company ______ the downturn of the business.60. In those days they were not free ______ patriotic activity. V. Phrase Translation (1×20=20)Part One: Translate the following phrases into English: 61.全食宿 ________________ 62.候补票价 ________________ 63.客房部主管 ________________ 64.离境税________________65.家庭手工业 ________________ 66.收集纪念品________________67.烹调艺术 ________________ 68.通货膨胀率________________69.第三产业 ________________ 70.销售网点________________Part Two: Translate the following phrases into Chinese 71. Cultural resources ________________ 72. Soil erosion ________________73. Ethnic minority groups ______________ 74.Non-commodity currency ____________75. Entrepreneurial ingenuity _________ 76. Publicity material ________________77. Clear customs ________________ 78. Transit traveler ________________79. Market segmentation ___________ 80. Host country ________________VI. Translate the following passages into Chinese. (20)81.Generally, WTO concentrate on the informed promotion of tourism, spreading an appreciation of tourism and its advantages and dangers and recommending positive measures like the creation of new facilities. The organization attempts to harmonize tourist polices among nations through formulating and applying principles of international tourism. As mentioned, WTO is instrumental in the representation of tourism in the United Nations and acts as the central authoritative voice for world tourismand the tourist, complementing the central authority and position of the national tourist organizations. Additionally, WTO concludes multilateral international instruments and supports their implementation, as well as the implementation of the appropriate existing instruments, and fosters settlement of international technical tourism disagreements.82.Buffets are a very popular way of entertaining, especially for large groups. They may be served as a luncheon or dinner. They may be formal or informal. Food may be served cold or warm. At a buffet many people can be served in a short time, Fewer waiters are necessary. The food is attractively arrange on a long table or side board. Guests take their plates and choose their food from a variety of dishes. Usually they sit at tables. But at informal buffets on the terrace or in a garden, people eat standing up. If they do this, they have to eat most foods with a fork or with their fingers.。

旅游英语选读考试试题阅读理解Passage 1Questions:1.What is the mn purpose of this passage?2.What are some of the famous attractions in Paris?3.When is the best time to visit Paris?4.What information does the passage provide abouttransportation in Paris?Passage:Paris, the capital city of France, is known for its rich history, art, and culture. It is a popular destination for tourists from all over the world.With its iconic landmarks and charming streets, Paris offers a unique experience to visitors.One of the most famous attractions in Paris is the Eiffel Tower. This towering structure is a symbol of the city and provides a panoramic view of Paris from its observation deck. Another popular landmark is the Louvre Museum, which houses thousands of art masterpieces, inclu ding Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. The Notre-Dame Cathedral, with its stunning gothic architecture, is another must-visit attraction in Paris.The best time to visit Paris is during the spring (April to June) or fall (September to November) when the weather is pleasant and the city is less crowded. However, Paris is beautiful year-round, and each season has its own charm.Transportation in Paris is well-developed, with an extensive metro network that covers the entire city. Tourists can easily get around usingthe metro, and it is a convenient and affordable mode of transportation. Besides the metro, Paris also has a bicycle-sharing system called Velib, which allows visitors to explore the city on two wheels.Passage 2Questions:1.What is the mn purpose of this passage?2.What are some popular tourist attractions in London?3.What is the significance of the Tower of London?4.How can tourists get around in London?Passage:London, the capital city of England, is a vibrant and diverse metropolis that offers something for everyone. It is a major tourist destination with numerous iconic landmarks and attractions.One of the most popular tourist attractions in London is the Buckingham Palace, which serves as the official residence of the British monarch. Visitors can witness the Changing of the Guard ceremony outside the palace, a traditional spectacle that attracts crowds of tourists.Another famous landmark is the Tower of London, a historic castle that has witnessed centuries of British history. The Tower of London is home to the Crown Jewels, a collection of precious gems and ceremonial objects that are a symbol of the British monarchy.London has a well-connected public transportation system, including the underground metro (known as the Tube) and buses. The Tube is the quickest way to get around the city, with numerous lines that cover all major attractions. Visitors can also explore London by taking a scenic boat ride on the River Thames or by renting a bicycle through the city’s bike-sharing program.完形填空Passage:Traveling overseas can be an exciting adventure, but it’s important to be prepared and knowledgeable about the local customs and etiquette. Here are a few tips to make your international travel experience more enjoyable:1.Research the destination: Before you travel, make sure toresearch the destination thoroughly. Learn about the local customs, traditions, and cultural practices. This will help you understand and respect the local culture.2.Learn basic phrases: It’s always helpful to learn a few bas icphrases in the local language. Simple greetings like。

2006年中级导游考试外语试题（一）词汇翻译(请用所报考语种将下列词汇翻译成外文，填写在题后的横线上。

每小题1，5分，共45分。

)1.公平竞争2.交通堵塞3.贸易壁垒4.沙尘暴5.文化传播6.能源短缺7.一国两制8.禁忌9.救灾物资10.乱收费11.个人信贷量12.应变自如13.朝圣者14.健身房15.可持续发展16.主题公园17.温室效应18.开胃小菜19.出国热20.素食者21.佛龛22.圣旨23.志愿者24.金碧辉煌25.高科技产业26.拳头产品27，假货28.首付款29.临终关怀医院30.和谐社会2006年中级导游考试外语试题（二）段落翻译(用所报考语种将下列段落翻译成外文。

每小题5分，共25分。

)1.现在，中国的手机使用者已经超过2亿人，其中近60%是30岁以下的年轻人。

手机在中学生和大学生中已经相当普及，用手机发短信息最受他们的欢迎。

2.曲阜位于中国山东省的西南部。

公元前551年，伟大的思想家、教育家孔子诞生于此。

曲阜三孔(孔府、孔庙、孔林)于1994年被联合国教科文组织列入(世界遗产名录)。

3.按照中国的农历，每年有二十四个节气。

清明节是二十四节气之一，通常在公历的4月5日左右。

这是中国人缅怀先人的日子，人们在这天扫墓、祭祖。

现在，人们也在清明前后开展春游、植树活动。

4.“同一个世界，同一个梦想”成为北京2008年奥运会的主题口号。

这个口号体现了奥林匹克精神和价值观——团结、友谊、进步、和谐、参与和梦想，表达了全世界人民在奥林匹克精神的感召下追求人类美好未来的共同愿望。

5.元朝的杂剧表演艺术有着严格的程式，其表演连贯，一气呵成，两幕戏之间没有戏幕的起落。

杂剧包括末、旦和净三类角色。

每一类角色又根据其年龄和在剧中的重要性进一步细化为多种不同的角色。

杂剧的表演分唱和念两种。

2006年中级导游考试外语试题（三）旅游应用文写作(用所报考语种写作。

10分。

)请用所报考语种写一篇旅游商品介绍，推销您所在地区最具特色的旅游纪念品。

旅游英语选读试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the most common mode of transportation fortourists in the city?A. TrainB. BusC. TaxiD. Bicycle2. Which of the following is not included in a typical travel package?A. AccommodationB. TransportationC. FoodD. Personal expenses3. What does the abbreviation "B&B" stand for in the context of travel?A. Bed and BreakfastB. Bus and BoatC. Beach and BarD. Booking and Booking4. When planning a trip, which of the following should be considered first?A. BudgetB. DestinationC. ItineraryD. Accommodation5. What is the meaning of "check-in" at a hotel?A. To pay for the roomB. To reserve a roomC. To enter the roomD. To register for a room二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）6. The term "visa" refers to an official ________ granted bya country, allowing a foreigner to enter, leave, or stay fora certain period.7. A "tour guide" is a person who ________ tourists around a place of interest.8. When you arrive at an airport, you need to go through________ before entering the country.9. The phrase "round trip" means a journey that starts and ends at the same place, also known as a ________.10. If you want to book a flight, you can use the term "makea ________."三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）11. Explain the difference between a "group tour" and an "individual tour."12. What are the advantages of using public transportation while traveling?13. Describe the process of booking a hotel room online.14. What are some common phrases travelers might use when asking for directions?四、阅读理解（每题3分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage:Traveling has become an integral part of modern life. People travel for various reasons such as leisure, business, or education. When planning a trip, it's important to consider several factors including the destination, budget, and duration of the trip. Travel agencies can assist with organizing travel packages that include accommodations, transportation, and sometimes meals. However, travelers also have the option to plan their own itinerary and make individual arrangements.15. Why do people travel?16. What services can a travel agency provide?17. What is the purpose of a travel package?18. What is the difference between a travel agency's package and individual arrangements?五、写作题（共20分）19. Write a short essay on the importance of learning English for travelers. Your essay should be at least 200 words.答案：一、选择题1. B2. D3. A4. B5. D二、填空题6. document7. guides8. customs9. return ticket10. reservation三、简答题11. A "group tour" is where travelers join a pre-planned itinerary with a group of people, often with a tour guide. An "individual tour" allows for personal freedom to plan one's own trip, without the constraints of a group schedule.12. Public transportation is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and provides an opportunity to experience local culture.13. First, research and select a hotel. Then, visit thehotel's website or use a booking platform. Enter travel dates and personal information, choose room type, and confirm the booking.14. Some common phrases include "Where is the nearest subway station?", "Can you show me on the map?", and "How do I get to this address?"四、阅读理解15. People travel for leisure, business, or education.16. A travel agency can provide services such as organizing travel packages, accommodations, transportation, and sometimes meals.17. A travel package is a pre-arranged set of services offered by a travel agency to make traveling more convenientand often more cost-effective.18. A travel agency's package is pre-planned and includes set services, while individual arrangements allow for personal customization and flexibility.五、写作题[考生自行撰写，无固定答案]。

旅游英语选读自考题-5(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence.1. The golden age of the Grand Tour was the ______ century.A. 16thB. 17thC. 18thD. 19th2. The ______ is the most widely recognized organization in tourism today.A. World Tourism Organization (WTO)B. International Air Transport Association (IATA)C. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)D. Economic and Social Council of the UN (ECOSOC)3. The lack of ______ has hampered study of tourism as a discipline.A. descriptionB. uniform definitionsC. analysisD. prediction and control4. International visitors can be divided into ______.A. international tourists and international travelersB. international travelers and international excursionistsC. international transit travelers and international excursionistsD. international tourists and international excursionists5. The key to understanding tourist motivation is to see vacation travel as a satisfier of ______ and ______.A. tourists; travel agentsB. feelings; experiencesC. needs; wantsD. products; services6. Motivation theories indicate that an individual constantly tries to achieve a state of ______.A. stabilityB. satisfactionC. changeD. success7. "VFR" market refers to ______.A. vision, friendship and relationB. value, find and reevaluateC. vast, frank and relatedD. visit friends and relatives8. Tourists seeking rest and relaxation generally will require ______.A. good accommodation which they can affordB. close location of the resort to which they can easily getC. unspoiled terrain and spectacular sceneryD. the support services9. In 1828 the first railways were laid in ______.A. Austria and SwitzerlandB. France and SwitzerlandC. Britain and AustriaD. France and Austria10. The World Tourism Organization also provides technical help to developing countries, primarily through ______.A. the United StatesB. the United NationsC. the World Trade OrganizationD. the World Health Organization11. The following groups EXCEPT ______ participate in and are affected by tourism.A. the touristB. the business providersC. the host governmentD. the **munity12. According to WTO's definitions, domestic tourism refers to ______ .A. internal tourism plus inbound tourismB. internal tourism plus outbound tourismC. inbound tourism plus outbound tourismD. national tourism plus inbound tourism13. An international tourist is a visitor who spend ______ in the destination country.A. more than one nightB. not more than one nightC. at least one nightD. at least two nights14. During the 1920s and 1930s, ______ was one of the fastest growing segments of theinternational tourism industry.A. cruise tourismB. air tourismC. train tourismD. coach tourism15. It was in ______ that the first package holiday built around air transport was organized by Vladimir Raitz.A. 1862B. 1872C. 1950D. 1970Ⅱ.**prehensionDirections: Read the following passages and make your proper choices.(1)Australia is located in the southern hemisphere between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific. It is the oldest continent in the sense that it has altered relatively little since life appeared on earth. Thousands of years before the explorers Abel Tasman and James Cook sailed into the South Pacific, the aborigines had crossed the hand bridge from Asia formed by the Malay Archipelago and had spread throughout the mainland and Tasmania. When Capt. Arthur Philip of the British Royal Navy landed with the First Fleet at Botany in 1788, the event that marks the true beginning of modern Australia, there were probably not more than 300,000 Aborigines altogether.The most striking characteristics of the vast 3,000,000 square-mile landmass are its isolation, its low relief, and the aridity of its surface. Its isolation from other continents explains much of the strangeness of Australian plant and animal life; its low relief results from the long and extensive erosive action of the forces of wind, rain and the heat of the sun during the great periods of geological time when the continental mass was elevated well above sea level. A member of the Commonwealth of Nations, **monwealth of Australia is a prosperous, independent nation under one government. Like Canada and the United States, contemporary Australia is a political federation with a central government (the Commonwealth) and, six constituent states (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania) , each of which has its own government enjoying a limited sovereignty. There are also two internal territories: the Northern Territory was established as a self-governing territory in 1978, and the Australian Capital Territory, seat of the federal capital city Canberra, is administered directly by the Commonwealth, which also governs the external territories of Norfolk Island, Cocos Islands, Christmas Island, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Coral Sea Islands, and Heard and McDonald Islands and claims the Australian Antarctic Territory. The Cocos Islands was a non-self-governing territory until 1984 ,when it was integrated with Australia following an act of self determination approved by the Cocos Malay people.16. The true beginning of modern Australia took place in ______.A. 1788B. 1842C. 1978D. 198417. Which of the following became a self-governing territory most recently?A. Northern Territory.B. Cocos Islands.C. New South Wales.D. Tasmania.18. Where did the **e from?A. North America.B. South America.C. Africa.D. Asia.19. What type of climate does most of Australia have?A. Dry.B. Wet.C. Frigid.D. Jungle.20. What country colonized Australia?A. France.B. Germany.C. Great Britain.D. The United States.(2)The Great Wall of China is the longest structure ever built. Its length is about 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers), and it was erected entirely by hand. The wall crosses northern China between the east coast and north-central China.Over the centuries, various rulers built walls to protect their northern border against invaders. Some of the walls stood on or near the site of the Great Wall. Most of what is now called the Great Wall dates from the Ming dynasty(1368-1644). Parts of the Great Wall have crumbled through the years. However, much of it remains, and some sections have been restored. The main part of the wall is about 2,150 miles(3,460 kilometers)long. Additional branches make up the rest of its length.One of the highest sections of the Great Wall, on Mount Badaling, near Beijing, rises to about 35 feet(11 meters)high. This section is about 25 feet(7.6 meters)wide at its base and nearly 20 feet(6 meters) at the top. Watchtowers stand about 100 to 200 yards(91 to 180 meters)apart along the wall. The towers, about 40 feet (12 meters) high, once served as lookout posts.Written records indicate that the Chinese built walls along their borders as early as the 600's B.C. Emperor Shi Huangdi of the Qin dynasty (221-206 B. C. )is traditionally regarded as the first ruler to conceive of, and build, a Great Wall. Most of the Qin wall was north of the present-day wall. Shi Huangdi had the wall built by connecting new walls with older ones. Building continued during later dynasties, including the Han (202 B. C. - 220 A.D. ) and the Sui (581 - 618 ).By the time the Ming dynasty began in 1368, much of the wall had fallen into ruin. In response to the growing threat of a Mongol invasion, the Ming government began building a major wall in the late 1400's. This wall included most of what remains today. Like earlier ones, it protected China from minor attacks but provided little defense against a major invasion.Through the centuries, much of the Great Wall again collapsed. However, the Chinese have done restoration work since 1949. The wall no longer serves the purpose of defense, but it attracts many visitors. Tourists from around the **e to see the wall. Historians study writing and objects found in fortifications and tombs along the structure. Scientists study earthquakes by examining parts of the wall that have been affected by these earth movements.21. The earliest wall in China was built probably around ______.A. the 600'sB.C. B. the 210's B. C.C. the 210's A.D. D. the 1300's A. D.22. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The Chinese started building their borders in the seventh centuryB.C.B. Emperor Shi Huangdi of the Qin dynasty was the first to conceive of a Great Wall.C. Most of the Qin wall was to the north of what is now called the Great Wall.D. The building of the present-day wall lasted for hundreds of years.23. The purpose of building walls was ______ .A. to attract touristsB. to have earthquake researchC. to protect the border against invasionD. to demonstrate the power of the ruler24. The ______ dynasty seemed to have made the greatest contribution to the building of the Great Wall.A. QinB. HanC. SuiD. Ming25. The wall played a(n) ______ role in defense against a major invasion.A. importantB. minorC. historicalD. successfulⅢ.ClozeDirections: Choose the one from the given A, B, C and D to complete the passage properly.Local government is established (26) the purpose of representing **munity interests. Many tourism researchers maintain **munity support for proposed tourism developments is a key ingredient for its future success. **munities with different approaches (27) local wishes are Cairns and Byron Bay. Byron Bay residents were surveyed by their local council to **munity attitudes (28) tourism development. The majority wanted to live (29) a town promoted natural coastal environment and low-rise streetscapes (30) its tourism attraction. The town has been very successful in doing just that, much to the chagrin of Club Med, who wanted to develop a resort in the area. Cairns, on the other (31) , had to handle local protesters when a new resort was pro posed for Trinity Inlet. (32) the plan was subsequently turned (33) , and the developer awarded millions in compensation for expenses incurred in feasibility studies and architectural briefs, **munity remains on guard (34) similar proposals.Local government varies from state to state, but generally derives its powers (35) state acts of parliament and its funding from a mixture of local rates levied (36) properties in a shire and state government funds. In some instances additional funding in the front of **munity project grants is **ing from the Federal Government.Local government controls the development of the local area and can grunt or withhold planning permission, building applications anti amendments to usage of local land dependent (37) the local planning regulations. The regulations routinely cover matters (38) as permitted height of buildings, materials, and landscaping requirements.Local councils also provide roads, recreation, refuse services, museums, car-parks and swimmingpools. In (39) , local authorities very often actively promote tourism through a local tourism information centre, tourism officer or committee. They might also be (40) for control and management of reserves and public camping grounds, the development and operation of recreational and cultural facilities and the stewardship of local historic places.26. A. toB. for C. inD. on27. A. about B. of C. toD. in28. A. ofB. with C. for D. towards29. A. off B. by C. on D. in30. A. asB. for C. toD. from31. A. face B. hand C. side D. view32. A. So B. Because C. Although D. And33. A. down B. on C. off D. against34. A. for B. against C. to D. off35. A. from B. of C. off D. to36. A. onB. in C. for D. to37. A. by B. withC. on D. to38. A. such B. so C. for D. to39. A. additive B. additionalC. add D. addition40. A. response B. responsible C. responsiveD. responsibilityⅣ.Phrasal verbsDirections: Fill in the blanks with the proper phrasal verbs given below. Make some changes if necessary.evolve out of be ascribed to be vital to give way to contribute toset forth be addicted to submit to be e come up with41. He thinks this dictionary ______ great ______ to him.42. He ______ a new idea for increasing sales.43. Modern tourism, as a new form of economy ______ the development of world economy to a large extent.44. The education of young people ______ the future of our country.45. The Prime Minister ______ the aims of his government in a television broadcast.46. According to Darwin, Man ______ lower forms of life.47. As winter ______ spring, the days begin to lengthen.48. He refused to ______ himself ______ his boss' control.49. She ______ soap operas on TV.50. His success ______ simply ______ hard work.Ⅴ.Phrase translationPart OneDirections: Translate the following into Chinese.51. police registration52. wilderness park53. paid holidays54. dealers in dreams55. the life cycle of the family56. horizontal integration57. price inelastic58. round trip59. cultural visits60. expert statistical groupPart TwoDirections: Translate the following into English.61. 更具环保意识62. 外汇收入63. 过境旅游者64. 需求不足65. 边境手续66. 珍稀植物和动物67. 行李票68. 审定工作69. 旅行方式70. 斜向联合Ⅵ.Passage translationDirections: Translate the following passages into Chinese.71. The saddest aspect of mass tourism has been brought recently to the attention of the public: it seems that the great number of visitors is destroying the treasures that they enjoy most. Under millions of feet, ancient stones wear out, ancient floors break down. Parts of the palace of Versailles may have to be closed to the public in order to preserve them, and some European caves, famous for their thirty-thousand-year-old paintings, have already been closed because the paintings were damaged by human respiration. There **e a time when only specialists in art, history, or archaeology will be allowed near the treasures of the past. Perhaps we'd better hurry to see them; perhaps we'd better take a tour soon.72. Professional travelers are similar to business travelers in many ways, although this type of travel is more elastic than business travel. Professional travel is built around the meeting and convention markets. These markets have grown as transportation, especially by air, has become more available and affordable. As professional travel continues to grow, new and expanded meeting and convention facilities have been developed to satisfy this increasing demand. Along with this growth, new management challenges have arisen to serve this specialized market. Some of the key market segments for meeting participants or attendees are associations, businesses, exhibitions and trade shows, religious organizations, political parties, and governments.。

旅游英语自考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the correct way to ask for directions in English?A. Where is the toilet?B. How can I get to the nearest bank?C. Could you tell me the way to the museum?D. All of the above答案：D2. What does the phrase "check in" mean when you are traveling?A. To book a hotel roomB. To register at the hotel receptionC. To leave your luggage at the hotelD. To pay for the hotel room答案：B3. If you want to ask for a non-smoking room, which of the following phrases would you use?A. I'd like a smoking room.B. I'd like a non-smoking room.C. I need a room with a balcony.D. I prefer a room with a view.答案：B4. What does "I'd like to book a flight" mean?A. You want to reserve a seat on a plane.B. You want to cancel a flight.C. You want to check the flight status.D. You want to buy a plane ticket.答案：A5. Which of the following is the correct way to say "I need to exchange money"?A. I need to change money.B. I want to change my money.C. I need to exchange my currency.D. All of the above.答案：D6. If you want to know the time of the next train to London, which question would you ask?A. What time is the next train to London?B. When is the next train to London?C. Can you tell me the time of the next train to London?D. All of the above.答案：D7. What is the meaning of "I'd like to check out"?A. You want to pay your bill.B. You want to leave the hotel.C. You want to book another room.D. You want to have breakfast.答案：B8. Which of the following is the correct way to ask for a discount?A. Can I have a discount?B. Do you offer any discounts?C. Can I get a cheaper price?D. All of the above.答案：D9. What does "I'm looking for a restaurant" mean?A. You want to find a place to eat.B. You want to find a place to sleep.C. You want to find a place to shop.D. You want to find a place to work.答案：A10. If you want to know the cost of a taxi ride, which phrase would you use?A. How much is a taxi?B. How much does a taxi cost?C. Can you tell me the price of a taxi?D. All of the above.答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. When you are at the airport and need to find your gate,you can ask the staff, "Excuse me, where is my _______?"答案：gate2. If you want to ask for a menu at a restaurant, you can say, "Could I have the _______, please?"答案：menu3. To ask for the Wi-Fi password at a hotel, you can say, "What is the _______ for the Wi-Fi?"答案：password4. When you are checking out of a hotel and want to pay witha credit card, you can say, "I'd like to pay with my_______."答案：credit card5. If you want to know the time of the next bus, you can ask, "What time is the _______ bus to the city center?"答案：next6. When you are booking a tour, you can ask, "How much is the _______ for this tour?"答案：price7. If you need to ask for a wake-up call at a hotel, you can say, "Could you please give me a _______ at 7 am?"答案：wake-up call8. When you are at a train station and want to know the platform number, you can ask, "Excuse me, which platform isthe train to _______?"答案：[destination]9. If you need to ask for a taxi, you can say, "Can you call me a _______, please?"答案：taxi10. When you are at a restaurant and want to ask for the bill, you can say, "Could I have the _______, please?"答案：bill三、阅读理解（每题5分，共30分）阅读以下短文，并回答问题。