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浅表、小器官超声诊断规范第一节甲状腺甲状腺位于颈前区，呈蝴蝶形，由两侧叶和峡部组成，部分有椎叶。
甲状腺的动脉有甲状腺上动脉和下动脉。
甲状腺上动脉来自颈外动脉起始部，甲状腺下动脉发自手部下动脉的甲状颈干，从下级的背侧进入。
甲状腺动脉的血流频谱，最大流速15-45cm/s,甲状腺的动脉是低阻力动脉，阻力指数在0.5到0.6。
甲状腺主要产生甲状腺激素T3和T4甲状腺激素（T3,、T4）。
T3、T4与甲状腺球蛋白结合，贮存在甲状腺滤泡的胶体中；经蛋白水解酶作用释放入血，血液中T3占10%,T4占90%,T3生理作用较T4高4〜5倍.甲状腺激素影响能量代谢和物质代谢。
增高时表现为甲亢：代谢增强，消瘦、多汗、心率快；减低时表现为甲低：代谢降低，水积蓄，粘液水肿。
一、适应证1、甲状腺肿大或萎缩。
2、鉴别甲状腺囊性或实性结节。
3、鉴别单发或多发结节。
4、协作临床鉴别良性与恶性结节二、检查方法1、仪器选用7.5〜10MHz的高频线阵探头，直接进行检查2、患者准备一般采用仰卧位,肩下垫枕,头部后仰,使颈部充分暴露。
个别病例一侧甲状腺明显肿大,仰卧位不能得到满意的声象图时,可采用颈部侧向健侧探查。
或采用侧卧位，躯体侧向健侧，可分别探测左、右甲状腺组织及其病变部位。
如检查颈侧方淋巴结时,头可偏向对侧,也可采取左侧或右侧卧位。
3、操作方法颈部两侧纵向扫查：显示甲状腺完整的上、下极，为最大长径，横向扫查：应从上至下逐渐移行，在甲状腺外侧缘显示颈总动脉和颈内静脉，横断面水平内侧为气管处测量甲状腺的左右径和前后径。
于正中横扫探查峡部。
正常参考值上下径40-55mm,横径20-25mm,前后径10-15mm,峡部的前后径＜4mm。
4、扫查切面与测量1右叶矢状切面（纵切面）测量上下径及前后径。
2右叶横切面（峡部水平）测量右叶横径。
3峡部横切面（包括左、右叶）测量峡部前后径。
4左叶矢状切面（纵切面）测量上下径及前后径。
5左叶横切面（峡部水平）测量左叶横径。
2023年11月 第9卷 第11期* 器材应用与技术研究 *不同超声频率探头对浅表软组织及小器官疾病的诊断价值研讨易怀红溧阳市人民医院超声科，江苏常州 213300摘要 目的 分析不同超声频率探头对浅表软组织及小器官疾病的诊断价值。
方法 随机选取2020年4月—2023年4月于溧阳市人民医院就诊的80例浅表软组织及小器官疾病患者作为研究对象，以组织病理学检查作为诊断的“金标准”，所有患者均分别进行高频率探头超声检查和低频率超声检查，对比两种频率探头超声检查结果。
结果 组织病理学检查结果显示，80例均为浅表软组织及小器官疾病患者；高频超声检查结果显示，共有78例浅表软组织及小器官疾病患者；低频超声检查结果显示，共有70例浅表软组织及小器官疾病患者。
组织病理学结果显示，浅表软组织疾病患者9例，男性外生殖器疾病患者21例，乳腺疾病患者32例，甲状腺疾病患者18例。
高频超声对浅表软组织疾病、男性外生殖器疾病的诊断符合率高于低频超声，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。
结论 高频超声诊断各类浅表组织及小器官疾病的准确性较高，安全性高。
关键词 浅表软组织；小器官；高频超声；低频超声；诊断价值中图分类号 R 445445..1 文献标志码 Adoi10.11966/j.issn.2095-994X.2023.09.11.15Discussion on the diagnostic value of different ultrasound frequency probes for su⁃perficial soft tissue and small organ diseasesYI HuaihongDepartment of Ultrasound, Liyang People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213300 ChinaAbstract Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of different ultrasound frequency probes for superficial soft tissue and small organ dis⁃eases. Methods 80 patients with superficial soft tissue and small organ diseases who visited Liyang People's Hospital from April 2020 to April 2023 were randomly selected as the research subjects. Histopathological examination was used as the "gold standard" for diagnosis. All pa⁃tients underwent high-frequency probe ultrasound examination and low-frequency probe ultrasound examination, and the results of the two frequency probe ultrasound examinations were compared. Results The histopathological examination results showed that all 80 cases were pa⁃tients with superficial soft tissue and small organ diseases. The results of high-frequency ultrasound examination showed a total of 78 patients with superficial soft tissue and small organ diseases. The results of low-frequency ultrasound examination showed a total of 70 patients with superficial soft tissue and small organ diseases. The histopathological examination results showed that there were 9 patients with superficial soft tissue diseases, 21 patients with male external genital diseases, 32 patients with breast diseases, and 18 patients with thyroid diseases. The diagnostic accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound for superficial soft tissue diseases and male external genital diseases was higher than that of low-frequency ultrasound, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion High frequency ultrasound has high accuracy and safety in diagnosing various superficial tissue and small organ diseases.Key words Superficial soft tissue; Small organs; High frequency ultrasound; Low frequency ultrasound; Diagnostic value收稿日期：2023-09-09；修回日期：2023-09-29作者简介：易怀红（1979-），女，本科，副主任医师，研究方向为超声相关研究。
