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华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业电气工程科目名称电路科目代码834一、计算题（注：本大题共10小题，共126分）1、试用回路电流法求图1所示电路的电压u。
（12分）图1图22、电路节点编号如图2所示，请选择适合的参考节点，用节点电压法求解1V电压源的功率，并说明是提供还是消耗。
（15分）。
3、如图3所示电路，N R为不含独立源的线性纯电阻电路，其内部结构不详。
已知：当u s=1V，i s=1A时，u2=1V，当u s=10V，i s=2A时，u2=6V。
求当u s=4V，i s=10A时的电压u2。
（12分）图3图4共4页第1页4、图4所示电路中，开关合在位置1时已达稳定状态，0t =时开关由位置1合向位置2，用三要素法求0t ≥时的()L i t 。
(12分)5、图5所示的正弦稳态电路，已知电源的频率为f 时，电流表A 和A 1的读数分别为0和1A ，若电源的频率变为0.5f 而幅值不变，则电流表A 的读数为多少？(12分)图5图66、已知图6中对称三相电源的相电压为2200A U ︒=∠ ，220120BU ︒=∠- ，220120C U ︒=∠ ，L Z j =Ω，126Z j =+Ω，求1I ，2I ，3I 。
（15分）7、图7所示的电路中，1R =Ω，12L ω=Ω，232L ω=Ω，耦合因数1k =，132Cω=Ω。
求电流1I ，和电压2U 。
（12分）图7图88、已知图8所示二端口的Z 参数矩阵为10 8 5 10Z ⎡⎤=Ω⎢⎥⎣⎦求R 1、R 2、R 3、r 的值。
（12分）共4页第2页9、如图9所示电路原处于零状态。
0t =时刻，开关S 闭合，用运算法（拉普拉斯变换法）求()L i t ，(0)t >。
（12分）图9图1010、图10所示非线性电阻电路中，非线性电阻的伏安特性为32u i i =+，如果()0.1cos V s u t t ω= 时，试用小信号分析法求回路中的电流i 。
2017年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题2017年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)略Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section,all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence,then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Chronic high-dose intake of vitamin A has been shown to have____effects on bones.A.adverseB.prevalentC.instantD.purposeful32.Drinking more water is good for the rest of your body,helping to lubricate joints and___toxinsand impurities.A.screen outB.knock outC.flush outD.rule out33.Rheumatologist advises that those with ongoing aches and pains first seek medical helpto____the problem.A.affiliateB.alleviateC.aggravateD.accelerate34.Generally,vaccine makers_____the virus in fertilized chicken eggs in a process that can takefour to six months.A.penetrateB.designateC.generateD.exaggerate35.Danish research shows that the increase in obese people in Denmark is roughly____to theincrease of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.A.equivalentB.temporaryC.permanentD.relevant36.Ted was felled by a massive stroke that affected his balance and left him barely able tospeak____.A.bluntlyB.intelligiblyC.reluctantlyD.ironically37.In a technology-intensive enterprise,computers____all processes of the production andmanagement.A.dominateB.overwhelmC.substituteD.imitate38.Although most dreams apparently happen____,dream activity may be provoked by externalinfluences.A.homogeneouslyB.instantaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.simultaneously39.We are much quicker to respond,and we respond far too quickly by giving____to our anger.A.ventB.impulseC.temperD.offence40.By maintaining a strong family_____,they are also maintaining the infrastructure of society.A.biasB.honorC.estateD.bondSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.rm the manager if you are on medication that makes you drowsy.A.uneasyB.sleepyC.guiltyD.fiery42.Diabetes is one of the most prevalent and potentially dangerous diseases in the world.A.crucialB.virulentC.colossalD.widespread43.Likewise,soot and smoke from fire contain a multitude of carcinogens.A.a matter ofB.a body ofC.plenty ofD.sort of44.Many questions about estrogen’s effects remain to be elucidated,and investigations areseeking answers through ongoing laboratory and clinical studies.A.implicatedB.impliedC.illuminatedD.initiated45.A network chatting is a limp substitute for meeting friends over coffee.A.accomplishmentB.refreshmentplementD.replacement46.When patients spend extended periods in hospital,they tend to become overly dependent andlose interest in taking care of themselves.A.extremelyB.exclusivelyC.exactlyD.explicitly47.Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of trafficcongestion.A.AmelioratedB.aggregatedC.deterioratedD.duplicated48.It was reported that bacteria contaminated up to80%of domestic retail raw chicken in theUnited States.A.inflamedB.inflictedC.infectedD.infiltrated49.Researchers recently ran the numbers on gun violence in the United States and reported thatright-to-carry-gun laws do not inhibit violent crime.A.curbB.induceC.lessenD.impel50.Regardless of our uneasiness about stereotypes,numerous studies have shown clear differencebetween Chinese and western parenting.A.specificationsB.sensationsC.conventionsD.conservations PartⅢCloze(10%)Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.It was the kind of research that gave insight into how flu strains could mutate so quickly.The same branch of research concluded in2005that the1918flu started in birds before passing to humans.Parsing this animal-human51could provide clues to52the next potential super flu,whichalready has a name:H5N1,also known as avian flu or bird flu.This potential killer also has a number:59%.According to the WHO,nearly three-fifths of the people who53H5NI since2003died from the virus,which was first reported54humans in Hong Kong in1997before a more serious55occurred in Southeast Asia between2003and2004.(It has since spread to Africa and Europe.)Some researchers argue that those mortality numbers are exaggerated because WHO only56cases in which victims are sick enough to go to the hospitals for treatment.57,compare that to the worldwide mortality rate of the1918pandemic;it may have killed roughly50million people,but that was only10%of the number of people infected,according to a2006estimate.H5NI’s saving grace—and the only reason we’re not running around masked up in public right now—is that the strain doesn’t jump from birds to humans,or from humans to humans,easily. There have been just over600cases(and359deaths)since2003.But58its lethality,and the chance it could turn into something far more transmissible,one might expect H5NI research to be exploding,with labs59the virus’s molecular components to understand how it spreads between animals and60to humans,and hoping to discover a vaccine that could head off a pandemic.51.A.rejection B.interface plement D.contamination52.A.be stopped B.stopping C.being stopped D.having stopped53.A.mutated B.effected C.infected D.contracted54.A.in B.on C.with D.from55.A.trigger unch C.outbreak D.outcome56.A.counts B.amounts to C.accounts for D.accumulates57.A.Thereafter B.Thereby C.Furthermore D.Still58.A.given B.regarding C.in spite of D.speaking of59.A.parses B.parsed C.parsing D.to parse60.A.potently B.absolutely C.potentially D.importantlyPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part,there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question,there are four possible answers marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneIf you are reading this article,antibiotics have probably saved your life—and not once but several times.A rotten tooth,a knee operation,a brush with pneumonia;any number of minor infections that never turned nasty.You may not remember taking the pills,so unremarkable have these one-time wonder drugs become.Modern medicine relies on antibiotics—not just to cure diseases,but to augment the success of surgery,childbirth and cancer treatments.Yet now health authorities are warning,in uncharacteristically apocalyptic terms,that the era of antibiotics is about to end.In some ways,bacteria are continually evolving to resist the drugs.But in the past we’ve always developed new ones that killed them again.Not this time.Infections that once succumbed to everyday antibiotics now require last-resort drugs with unpleasant side effects.Others have become so difficult to treat that they kill some 25,000Europeans yearly.And some bacteria now resist every known antibiotic.Regular readers will know why:New Scientist has reported warnings about this for years.We have misused antibiotics appallingly,handing them out to humans like medicinal candy and feeding them to livestock by the tonne,mostly not for health reasons but to make meat cheaper.Now antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be found all over the world—not just in medical facilities,but everywhere from muddy puddles in India to the snows of Antarctica（南极洲）.How did we reach this point without viable successors to today’s increasingly ineffectual drugs? The answer lies not in evolution but economics.Over the past20years,nearly every major pharmaceutical company has abandoned panies must make money,and there isn’t much in short-term drugs that should be used sparingly.So researchers have discovered promising candidates,but can’t reach into the deep pockets needed to develop them.This can be fixed.As we report this week,regulatory agencies,worried medical bodies and Big Pharma are finally hatching ways to remedy this market failure.Delinking profits from the volume of drug sold(by adjusting patent rights,say,or offering prizes for innovation)has worked for other drugs,and should work for antibiotics—although there may be a worryingly long wait before they reach the market.One day,though,these will all to resistance too.Ultimately,we need,evolution-proof cures for bacterial infection:treatments that stop bacteria from causing disease,but don’t otherwise inconvenience the little blighters.When resisting drugs confers no selective advantage,drugs will stop breeding resistance.Researchers have a couple of candidates for such treatment.But they fear regulators will drag their feet over such radical approaches.That,too,can be fixed.We must not neglect development of the sustainable medicine we need,the way we have neglected simple antibiotic R&D.If we do,one day another top doctor will be telling us that the drugs no longer work—and there really will be no help on the way.61.In the first paragraph,the author is tying to_____.A.warn us against the rampant abuse of antibiotics everywhereB.suggest a course of action to reduce antibiotic resistanceC.tell us a time race between humans and bacteriaD.remind us of the universal benefit of antibiotics62.The warning from health authorities implies that_____.A.the pre-antibiotic era will returnB.the antibiotic crisis is about to repeatC.the wonder drugs are a double-edged swordD.the development of new antibiotics is too slow63.The appalling misuse of antibiotics,according to the passage,_____.A.has developed resistant bacteria worldwideB.has been mainly practiced for health reasonsC.has been seldom reported as a warning in the worldD.has been particularly worsened in the developing countries64.The market failure refers to____.A.the inability to develop more powerful antibioticsB.the existing increasingly ineffectual drugs in the marketC.the poor management of the major pharmaceutical companiesD.the deprived investment in developing new classes of antibiotics65.During the presentation of the two solutions,the author carries a tone of_____.A.doubtB.urgencyC.indifferenceD.helplessness Passage TwoThis issue of Science contains announcements for more than100different Gorgon Research Conferences，on topics that range from atomic physics to developmental biology.The brainchild（某人的主意）of Neil Gordon of Johns Hopkins University,these week-long meetings are designed to promote intimate,informal discussions of frontier science.Often confined to fewer than125 attendees,they have traditionally been held in remote places with minimal distractions.Beginning in the early1960s,I attended the summer Nucleic Acids Gordon Conference in rural New Hampshire，sharing austere（简朴的）dorm facilities in a private boy’s school with randomly assigned roommates.As a beginning scientist,I found the question period after each talk especially fascinating,providing valuable insights into the personalities and ways of thinking of many senior scientists whom I had not encountered previously.Back then,there were no cellphones and no internet,and all of the speakers seemed to stay for the entire week.During the long,session-free afternoons,graduate students mingled freely with professors.Many lifelong friendships were begun, and—as Gordon intended—new scientific collaborations began.Leap forward to today,and every scientist can gain immediate access to a vast store of scientific thought and to millions of other scientists via the Internet.Why,nevertheless,do in-person scientific meetings remain so valuable for a life in science?Part of the answer is that science works best when there is a deep mutual trust and understanding between the collaborators,which is hard to develop from a distance.But most important is the critical role that face-to-face scientific meetings play in stimulating a random collision of ideas and approaches.The best science occurs when someone combines the knowledge gained by other scientists in non-obvious ways to create a new understanding of how the world works.A successful scientist needs to deeply believe,whatever the problem being tackled,that there is always a better way to approach that problem than the path currently being taken.The scientist is then constantly on the alert for new paths to take in his or her work,which is essential for makingbreakthroughs.Thus,as much as possible,scientific meetings should be designed to expose the attendees to ways of thinking and techniques that are different from the ones that they already know.66.Assembled at Gordon Research Conference are those who____.A.are physicists and biologistsB.just start doing their sciencesC.stay in the forefront of scienceD.are accomplished senior scientists67.Speaking of the summer Nucleic Acids Gordon Conference,the author thinks highly of____.A.the personalities of senior scientistsB.the question period after each talkC.the austere facilities aroundD.the week-long duration68.It can be inferred from the author that the value of the in-person scientific conference_____.A.does not change with timesB.can be explored online exclusivelyC.lies in exchanging the advances in lie scienceD.is questioned in establishing a vast store of ideas69.The author believes that the face-to-face scientific conferences can help the attendeesbetter_____.A.understand what making a breakthrough means to themB.expose themselves to novel ideas and new approachesC.foster the passion for doing scienceD.tackle the same problem in science70.What would the author most probably talk about in the following paragraphs?A.How to explore scientific collaborations.B.How to make scientific breakthroughs.C.How to design scientific meetings.D.How to think like a genius.Passage ThreeBack in1896,the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius realized that by burning coal we were adding carbon dioxide to the air,and that this would warm the Earth.But he mentioned the issue only in passing（顺便地），for his calculations suggested it would not become a problem for thousands of years.Others thought that the oceans would soak up any extra CO2,so there was nothing much to worry about.That this latter argument has persisted to this day in some quarters highlights our species’propensity（倾向）to underestimate the scale of our impact on the planet.Even the Earth’s vast oceans cannot suck up CO2as quickly as we can produce it,and we now know the stored CO2is acidifying the oceans,a problem in itself.Now a handful of researchers are warning that energy sources we normally think of as innocuous could affect the planet’s climate too.If we start to extract immense amounts of power from the wind,for instance,it will have an impact on how warmth and water move around the planet,and thus on temperatures and rainfall.Just to be clear,no one is suggesting we should stop building wind farms on the basis of this risk.Aside from the huge uncertainties about the climatic effects of extracting power from the wind,our present and near-term usage is far too tiny to make any difference.For the moment,any negative consequences on the climate are massively outweighed by the effects of pumping out even more CO2.That poses by far the greater environmental threat;weaning ourselves off fossil fuels should remain the priority.Even so,now it is the time to start thinking about the long-term effects of the alternative energy sources we are turning to.Those who have already started to look at these issues report weary, indifferent or even hostile reactions to their work.That’s understandable,but disappointing.These effects may be inconsequential,in which case all that will have been wasted is some research time that may well yield interesting insights anyway. Or they may turn out to be sharply negative,in which case the more notice we have,the better.It would be unfortunate to put it mildly,to spend countless trillions replacing fossil-fuel energy infrastructure（基础建设）only to discover that its successor（替代物）is also more damaging than it need be.These climatic effects may even be beneficial.The first,tentative models suggest that extracting large amounts of energy from high-altitude jet streams would cool the planet, counteracting the effects of rising greenhouse gases.It might even be possible to build an energy infrastructure that gives us a degree of control over the weather:turning off wind turbines here, capturing more of the sun’s energy there.We may also need to rethink our long-term research priorities.The sun is ultimately the only source of energy that doesn’t end up altering the planet’s energy balance.So the best bet might be invest heavily in improving solar technology and energy storage—rather than in efforts to harness, say,nuclear fusion.For the moment,all of this remains supposition（推测）.But our species has a tendency to myopia.We have nothing to lose,and everything to gain by taking the long view for a change.71.In the first two paragraphs,the author is trying to draw our attention to____.A.the escalating scale of the global warmingB.the division of scientists over the issue of global warmingC.reasons for us to worry about extra CO2for the oceansD.the human tendency to underestimate the harmful effects on the planet72.The author’s illustration of wind-power extraction reflects____.A.the priority of protecting the environmentB.the same human propensity as mentioned previouslyC.the best strategy of reducing the environmental threatD.the definite huge uncertainties about the climatic effects73.The author argues that it would be unfortunate to replace fossil fuels only to find out that____.A.the successors are also damagingB.the countless trillions spent are wastedC.the alternative energy sources don’t workD.the research invites indifferent or even hostile reactions74.According to the author,the best strategy is____.A.to counteract the effects of rising greenhouse gasesB.to develop a degree of control over the weatherC.to extract large amounts of energy from windD.to explore solar energy and its storage75.It can be concluded from the passage that we need to take the long view on____.A.human existence on the planetB.humanity’s energy suppliesC.our environmental threatsD.our tendency to myopiaPassage FourOptical illusions are like magic,thrilling us because of their capacity to reveal the fallibility of our senses But there’s more to them than that,according to Dr.Beau Lotto,who is wowing the scientific world with work that crosses the boundaries of art,neurology,natural history and philosophy.What they reveal,he says,is that the whole world is the creation of our brain.What we see, what we hear,feel and what we think we know is not a photographic reflection of the word,but an instantaneous unthinking calculation as to what is the most useful way of seeing the world.It’s a best guess based on the past experience of the individual,a long evolutionary past that has shaped the structure of our brains.The world is literally shaped by our pasts.Dr.Lotto,40,an American who is a reader in neuroscience at University College London,has set out to prove it in stunning visual illusions,sculptures and installations,which have been included in art-science exhibitions.He explains his complex ideas from the starting point of visual illusions,which far from revealing how fragile our senses are show how remarkably robust they are at providing a picture of the world that serves a purpose to us.For centuries,artists and scientists have noted that a grey dot looks lighter against a dark background than being against a light background.The conventional belief was that it was because of some way the brain and eye is intrinsically wired.But Dr.Lotto believes it’s a learnt response;in other words,we see the world not as it is but as it is useful to us.“Context is everything,because our brains have evolved to constantly re-define normality,”says Dr.Lotto.“What we see is defined by our own experiences of the past,but also by what the human race has experienced through its history.”This is illustrated by the fact that different cultures and communities have different viewpoints of the world,conditioned over generations.For example,Japanese people have a famous inability to distinguish between the“R”and the“L”sound.This arises because in Japanese the sounds are totally interchangeable.“Differentiating between them has never been useful,so the brain has never learnt to do it.It’s not just that Japanese people find it hard to tell the difference.They literally cannot hear the difference.”Dr.Lotto’s experiments are grounding more and more hypotheses in hard science.“Yes,mywork is idea-driven,”he says.“But lots of research,such as MRI brain scanning,is technique-driven.I don’t believe you can understand the brain by taking it out of its natural environment and looking at it in a laboratory.You have to look at what it evolved to do,and look at it in relationship to its ecology.”76.What does the word“them”in the first paragraph refer to?A.Human senses.B.The fallibility of senses.C.Revealing capacity.D.Optical illusions.77.According to the passage,what is known about Dr.Beau Lotto?A.Though he is a neuroscientist,he has shocked the scientific world with his extensiveresearch in art,neurology,natural history and philosophy.B.Dr.Lotto is a professor at University College Landon who is specialized in a number ofdisciplines such as art,neurology,natural history and philosophy.C.Dr.Lotto has been attempting to exhibit his creative productions in art-science exhibitionsin the hope of proving his idea on optical illusions.D.Dr.Lotto has set out to create visual illusions,sculptures and installations which wellcombined the knowledge of art,neurology,natural history and philosophy.78.Which of the following statements can be inferred from Dr.Lotto’s study?A.People should believe their brains rather than their eyes as the world,to a great measure,iscreated and shaped by human brain.B.People should never believe their senses for what they see,hear,feel,and the truth may becontrary to the photographic image of the world.C.People should never believe their eyes for what they see are only accidental and temporaryforms of the world,which varies in accordance with contexts.D.People should be aware that their eyes can play tricks on them as what they see is actuallycreated by their brains which are shaped by their past experiences.79.According to Dr.Lotto,what is the reason for the fact that a grey dot looks lighter against adark background than being against a light background?A.It is a fact that the dot emerged to be lighter against a dark background than being against alight one.B.Human senses are remarkably robust at providing a picture of the world that serves apurpose to us through what they have learnt from past experiences.C.It is because of some way the brain and eye is intrinsically wired.D.Because the context in which the little dot placed has changed to be lighter.80.Which of the following statements is true about the research in neuroscience?A.Investigation on the brain involves scrutinizing a network in which both environment andthe brain itself function together.B.Both idea-driven and technique-driven are popular research methods in research study inneuroscience.C.People cannot carry out research study on brain in laboratory where it is isolated fromhuman body.D.Brain can be investigated in isolation with other faculties and organs as long as the researchis carried out in proper natural context.Passage FiveThe biggest thing in operating rooms these days is a million-dollar,multi-armed robot named da Vinci,used in nearly400,000surgeries nationwide last year—triple the number just four years earlier.But now the high-tech helper is under scrutiny over reports of problems,including several deaths that may be linked with it and the high cost of using the robotic system.There also have been a few disturbing,freak incidents:a robotic hand that wouldn’t let go of tissue grasped during surgery and a robotic arm hit-ting a patient in the face as she lay on the operating table.Is it time to curb the robot enthusiasm?Some doctors say yes,concerned that the“wow”factor and heavy marketing have boosted use. They argue that there is not enough robust research showing that robotic surgery is at least as good or better than conventional surgeries.Many U.S.hospitals promote robotic surgery in patient brochures,online and even on highway billboards.Their aim is partly to attract business that helps pay for the costly robot.The da Vinci is used for operations that include removing prostates,gallbladders and wombs, repairing heart valves,shrinking stomachs and transplanting organs.Its use has increased worldwide, but the system is most popular in the United States.For surgeons,who control the robot while sitting at a computer screen rather than standing over the patient,these operations can be less tiring.Plus robot hands don’t shake.Advocates say patients sometimes have less bleeding and often are sent home sooner than with conventional laparoscopic surgeries and operations involving large incisions.But the Food and Drug Administration is looking into a spike in reported problems during robotic surgeries.Earlier this year,the FDA began a survey of surgeons using the robotic system. The agency conducts such surveys of devices routinely,but FDA spokeswoman Synim Rivers said the reason for it now“is the increase in number of reports received”about da Vinci.Reports filed since early last year include at least five deaths.Whether there truly are more problems recently is uncertain.Rivers said she couldn’t quantify the increase and that it may simply reflect more awareness among doctors and hospitals about the need to report problems.Doctors aren’t required to report such things;device makers and hospitals are.Company spokesman Geoff Curtis said Intuitive Surgical has physician-educators and other trainers who teach surgeons how to use the robot.But they don’t train them how to do specific procedures robotically,he said,and that it’s up to hospitals and surgeons to decide“if and when a surgeon is ready to perform robotic cases.”A2010New England Journal of Medicine essay by a doctor and a health policy analyst said surgeons must do at least150procedures to become adept at using the robotic system.But there is no expert consensus on how much training is needed.New Jersey banker Alexis Grattan did a lot of online research before her gallbladder was removed last month at Hackensack University Medical Center.She said the surgeon’s many years of experience with robotic operations was an important factor.She also had heard that the surgeon was among the first to do the robotic operation with just one small incision in the belly button,instead of four cuts in conventional keyhole surgery.81.Why did FDA begin to scrutinize da Vinci?A.The number used in operation has been tripled.B.It is too expensive.C.It is reported to have frequent mechanical breakdown.wsuits increase with death case reports.82.According to some doctors,which of the following is NOT the reason to curb the enthusiasmfor da Vinci?A.The high cost causes unreasonable marketing.B.It is not as good as traditional surgeries.C.It needs more statistics to prove its value.D.It is necessary for doctors to consider some problems.83.What does FDA spokeswoman Synim Rivers mean?A.Doctors and hospitals should be responsible for those problems.B.It is doctors that think da Vinci robots are problematic.C.There are so many problems reports that FDA has to do an enquiry.D.FDA hasn’t finished the previous enquiry about the surgeons who used robots.84.What is correct about training according to the Geoff Curtis?A.A lack of sufficient training on the part of surgeons.B.A lack of sufficient training an the part of company.C.Doctors and hospitals are not sufficiently trained on specific procedures.D.Doctors and hospitals are not sufficiently trained on how to use robots.85.What is the best title for this passage?A.Four Hands Better than Two?B.Too Good to Be TrueC.Smart RobotsD.Who Is the Killer?Passage SixIn a poor,inland,gang-infested part of Los Angeles,there is a clinic for people with type1 diabetes.As part of the country health care system,it serves persons who have fallen through all other safety-net options,the poorest of the poor.Although type2diabetes is rampant in this part of。
中外建筑史一名称解释:四阿顶:(04) 即四面坡的庑殿顶，宋代称四阿顶，或称五脊殿。
举折: (04) 为取得凹曲屋面，需要相应地确定步架的高度。
这种方法，宋《营造法式》中称为“举折”步架: (04) 檩与檩中心线之间的水平距离称为步架，宋代梁以步架数命名。
草架: (04)收分：（04）院落: (06)模数: (06)补间铺作: (07)宋代建筑位于两柱之间阑额上的外檐斗栱称补间铺作，即清代的平身科。
补间铺作的数量，通常当心间用2朵。
其他次、稍各间用1朵。
各补间铺作的分布尽量使之间隔大体匀称。
藻井: (07) 是平棊向上凹入的部分，通常位于天花板的核心位置。
常见的是八角形的“斗八藻井”，也有圆藻井，藻井的设置起到了烘托空间和强化空间重点的作用。
减柱造: (07)叠涩: (08) 以砖石层层向外出跳之法，用于砖石建筑的出檐，或须弥座束腰上下枋的出跳。
普拍枋: (08)宋代建筑阑额与柱顶上四周交圈的一种木构件，犹如一道腰箍梁介于柱子与斗拱之间，既起拉结木构架作用，又可与阑额共同承载补间铺作，明清称为平板枋。
移住造: (08)柱式: (04) 古希腊柱式源于木结构，建筑的改进集中于柱子、檐部与基座以及各个构件本身的处理，逐渐形成了稳定成套的做法，后被古罗马人称为“柱式”，所谓柱式即决定古希腊建筑形式的柱子格式，是古希腊崇尚人体美的美学观点在建筑上的典型反映。
帕拉提奥母题: (04) 意大利文艺复兴时期帕拉帝奥大胆创造的一种券柱式。
具体做法是在每间中央按适当比例发一个券，券脚落在两个独立的小柱子上，上面架着额枋，小额枋之上开一个圆洞，每开间里有3个小间。
构图特点：虚实互生、有无相成；方的、圆的对比丰富；小柱子与大柱子也形成了尺度的对比，映照着立面的雄伟。
后常常被引用，不过适应性较小。
代表：圣马可图书馆二楼立面、巴齐礼拜堂内部侧墙。
帆拱: (04) 拜占庭时期为解决在平面上盖穹顶的几何形状承接过渡问题的做法。
先进的财务管理系统，利用先进的信息技术推动公司管理水平不断迈向新台阶。
理论上民航业好像很简单，上海航空公司信息技术部王经理说：“民用航空运输业就是把客人从甲地送到乙地”。
当然实际上要做的远多于此，也远比运输过程复杂。
关于航线、班次、时刻、营销策略、运行控制、人员配置和其他资源配置的决策都必须依据相关可用的信息做出。
可用的信息越多越及时，做出的决策就越好。
上海航空公司深知要做到这一点，关键是要把所有关于其运营、市场、财务和客户的数据整合起来，加以综合性分析。
如何使公司关键业务部门及时有效地访问到决策所需的信息，对于做出正确的决策是很重要的。
例如，商务部门可能需要信息来回答这样一些问题：旅客的旅行需求是什么？旅客预订的规律如何？每个航班的旅客数量、票价和收益如何？应该新开哪些航线？调整哪些航线？运行部门需要知道：航班运行问题的关键因素在哪里？航班应该如何调整、有多少机组资源可用、航班运行质量如何？由于所有这类信息都出自同一个权威性的来源，上海航空公司经理才能对未来的发展提出战略设想。
关键业务部门也能及时捕捉到市场的微妙变化，并进行需求预测。
由于上海航空公司能以更加智能和有效的方式利用其信息，使得这家航空公司在当今充满挑战的中国民航市场中更好地运营。
请你根据以上材料回答以下几个问题：（1）航空公司客运业务需要做些什么决策？每项决策需要什么信息？（2）案例中的“同一个权威性的来源”指什么？（3）你认为哪一类信息系统可以回答上海航空公司的商务部门和运行部门的问题？请说明系统的输入和输出？2.某公司是国内500强且在上市的大型企业。
为了提高管理水平和管理规范化程度，公司准备投入巨资实施ERP项目。
经过一番调研和比较后，公司决定委托某著名咨询公司为其实施信息化。
咨询方派出小组到该公司进行了实地调研后，给出一套调研咨询报告和流程重组、ERP实施方案。
方案的要点是：希望公司按照国际先进的管理模式，彻底改造企业原有的业务和运作流程，严格按ERP软件所给出的模式工作。
绝密★启用前2017年中华人民共和国普通高等学校联合招收华侨、港澳地区、台湾省学生入学考试物理一、选择题：本大题共13小题，每小题4分，共52分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．下列实验中，验证了光具有粒子性的是（A ）卢瑟福的α粒子散射实验（B ）密立根油滴实验（C ）杨氏双缝干涉实验（D ）康普顿散射实验2．两块相距20cm 的平行金属板之间的电场强度为35.010N/C ⨯，则两金属板的电势差是（A ）1.0V （B ）2.5V （C ）1.0kV （D ）2.5kV3．在光滑水平面上，0t =时开始用水平恒力F 拉一物体，物体从静止开始运动。
在00t 时间内F 做功为1W ，在002t t 时间内F 做功为2W ，则21:W W 为（A ）1（B ）2（C ）3（D ）44．一定质量的理想气体，在某缓慢变化的过程中其内能的增量与它从外界吸收的热量相等，则该过程可能是（A ）等温膨胀过程（B ）等压膨胀过程（C ）等容升温过程（D ）等压压缩过程5．两颗卫星绕着同一行星做圆周运动。
已知卫星S 1的轨道半径是71.210⨯m ，周期是68.010⨯s 。
卫星S 2的轨道半径是63.010⨯m ，则S 2的周期是（A ）61.010⨯s （B ）62.010⨯s （C ）73.210⨯s （D ）76.410⨯s6．如图，用绝缘细绳将两个相同的金属线圈M 、N 吊在天花板上，线圈平面均与水平面平行。
线圈M 与天花板之间细绳中的张力用1T 表示，线圈M 、N 之间细绳中的张力用2T 表示。
给两线圈中通以相反方向的电流，则电流稳定后与通电流之前相比，（A ）1T 减小，2T 增加（B ）1T 不变，2T 增加（C ）1T 不变，2T 减小（D ）1T 增加，2T 减小7．如图，两质量相等的木块M 、N 放在水平面上，两者与水平面间的动摩擦因数相同。
M 、N 之间用轻绳连接，绳拉直后与水平面之间不平行。
计算机考博试题计算理论及答案计算理论字母表：⼀个有穷的符号集合。
字母表上的字符串是该字母表中的符号的有穷序列。
⼀个字符串的长度是它作为序列的长度。
连接反转Kleene星号L* ，连接L中0个或多个字符串得到的所有字符串的集合。
有穷⾃动机：描述能⼒和资源极其有限的计算机模型。
有穷⾃动机是⼀个5元组M=(K,∑,δ,s,F),其中1）K是⼀个有穷的集合，称为状态集2）∑是⼀个有穷的集合，称为字母表3）δ是从KX∑→K的函数，称为转移函数4）s∈K是初始状态5）F?K是接收状态集M接收的语⾔是M接收的所有字符串的集合，记作L(M).对于每⼀台⾮确定型有穷⾃动机，有⼀台等价的确定型有穷⾃动机有穷⾃动机接受的语⾔在并、连接、Kleene星号、补、交运算下是封闭的。
每⼀台⾮确定型有穷⾃动机都等价于某⼀台确定型有穷⾃动机。
⼀个语⾔是正则的当且仅当它被有穷⾃动机接受。
正则表达式：称R是⼀个正则表达式，如果R是1）a，这⾥a是字母表∑中的⼀个元素。
2）ε，只包含⼀个字符串空串的语⾔3），不包含任何字符串的语⾔4)(R1∪R2),这⾥R1和R2是正则表达式5）(R10R2),这⾥R1和R2是正则表达式6）(R1*),这⾥R1*是正则表达式⼀个语⾔是正则的当且仅当可以⽤正则表达式描述。
2000年4⽉1、根据图灵机理论,说明现代计算机系统的理论基础。
1936年，图灵向伦敦权威的数学杂志投了⼀篇论⽂，题为《论数字计算在决断难题中的应⽤》。
在这篇开创性的论⽂中，图灵给“可计算性”下了⼀个严格的数学定义，并提出著名的“图灵机”(Turing Machine)的设想。
“图灵机”不是⼀种具体的机器，⽽是⼀种思想模型，可制造⼀种⼗分简单但运算能⼒极强的计算机装置，⽤来计算所有能想像得到的可计算函数。
这个装置由下⾯⼏个部分组成：⼀个⽆限长的纸带，⼀个读写头。
（中间那个⼤盒⼦），内部状态（盒⼦上的⽅块，⽐如A,B,E,H），另外，还有⼀个程序对这个盒⼦进⾏控制。
华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业英语语言文学科目名称英语综合科目代码710Part I Error Correction (10 points)Directions: In the following passage there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Read the passage and correct the mistakes. If you change a word, cross it out and write the substitute in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put the insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the word you want to add in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.Meanwhile, Qin Zongquan, who take charge of Caizhou a. _ take → took _ Province, ∧now managing to recruit soldiers to strengthen b. _was ∧now _his own troop. For this reason, Zongquan appointed Xu as c. _ troop → troops_ governor of Guangzhou Province and then tried to assembleXu’s soldiers to suppress the agrarian rebellion led by HuangChao. Xu, but, hesitated to lead his soldiers to follow the 1. ________________ command of Zongquan, so Zongquan dispatched his owntroops to trounce the troops of Xu. Known that he was not 2. ________________able to win the battle, Xu led his own soldiers and fled south. 3. ________________They plundered everywhere they arrived until they enteredLinting County via Nankang County. Soon afterwards theycaptured Zhangpu County and now there are tens of 4. ________________ thousands of soldiers in the army. Xu was suspicious andjealous in nature, and those commanders which were capable 5. ________________and talented were mostly killed for one or another reason.Chao himself was quite frightening that he might also be 6. ________________killed some day.When the troops arrived Nan’an County, Chao 7. _______________ persuaded his own forward commander to start rebel 8. _______________ against Xu. Chao said, ‘It is because of the threat underXu that we abandoned our ancestral tombs and wives andchildren to come over here to be thefts and robbers. It isagainst own will. Now Xu was sceptical and suspicious,and capable commanders and talented officers were sure to 9. _______________be killed. Every one of us cannot guarantee one’s own safetyeven for a single day, let alone achieve any success!’The forward commander was thoroughly disillusioned byChao. They looked into each other’s eyes and burst into tears.Soon afterwards, Chao and his forward commander selecteddozens of vigorous soldiers to ambush Xu among the bambooforest. These soldiers awaited Xu’s pass by and then jumped 10. _______________out from the forest to capture him. Xu was then imprisoned.Part II Grammar (30 points)(I) There are ten sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. (10 points)1. He ought to dismiss the unqualified employees under his supervision, ________?A. should heB. ought heC. shouldn’t heD. oughtn’t he2. Sid spends as much time working as he ________.A. travels C. is travellingB. does travelling D. has been travelling3. My deskmate is a reserved person who seldom speaks to me. The underlined part means ________.A. talkativeB. considerateC. quietD. outgoing4. Some English words have no exact ________ in Chinese.A. equivalentsB. equitiesC. equalsD. equalities5. When Columbus embarked ________ his historic voyage, he never imagined that the world history would enter into a new era.A. uponB. inC. atD. to6. It is ________ stealing to take a thing away without permission of its owner.A. nothing better than C. anything rather thanB. nothing less than D. anything but7. The committee decided to call the meeting ________ because of the typhoon.A. onB. offC. aboutD. against8. If computers ________, many problems on space flight could not have been solved.A. had not been invented C. were not inventedB. are not invented D. have not invented9. Holland has two-thirds the inhabitants of the state of New York, ________ Holland.A. that size is four times of C. which size is four times ofB. which size is four times of D. which is four times the size of10. Having sought asylum in the West for many years, they were ________ granted it.A. definitelyB. fairlyC. eventuallyD. merely(II) There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has four parts underlined. The four underlined parts are marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the one underlined part that is wrong. (10 points)1. He suffers from diabetes, which are a kind of chronic disease.A B C D2. There are less diseases in the frigid zones than there are in the torrid zones.A B C D3. They are in the possession of a large amount of new information.A B C D4. The youth whom they said was the most advanced in the group was the leader.A B C D5. This propose was generally considered as not very practical.A B C D6. Many families managed to make do with very little income.A B C D7. Did you try to support your son? Did you give him any encouraged advice?A B C D8. We had all heard that it was a great dam, as modern than any of its kind in the world.A B C D9. It may have been at Christmas when John gave Mary a handbag.A B C D10. It is for he sat up all night with the patient that the doctor looks tired and sleepy.A B C D(III) Rewrite the sentences as required without altering their meanings. (10 points)1. We were eating dinner. Our guests arrived.Use ‘while’.2. The fields don’t require irrigation. The weather is dry in the summer.Use ‘until’.3. Many boys, having had few advantages in their youth, have nevertheless done great things for their country.Use ‘though’.4. How many days are there in February if it is a leap year?Use ‘29’.5. He said, ‘We love our county.’Put the sentence into an indirect speech.6. The other day I met a twelve-year-old boy.Put the sentence into an attributive clause.7. A new law is enacted. The law will increase social security taxes by thirty percent.Use ‘though’.8. John made her tell him everything.Transform the sentence into a passive-voice sentence.9. The meeting was cancelled because of the flu epidemic.Use ‘call’.10. You will make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet.Use ‘if’.Part III Reading Comprehension (50 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions or incomplete statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose only ONE that best answers the question or finishes the incomplete statement.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.”In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed—natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling…What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house—while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.1.The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” (Line 1,Para.2) suggests that _______.A) the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB) the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fiftiesC) there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950sD) the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s2.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?A) People would not buy more food than was necessary.B) Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C) Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.D) People had effective ways to preserve their food.3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?A) Inventors.B) Consumers.C) Manufacturers.D) Travelling salesmen.4.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge’s negative effecton the environment?A) “Hum away continuously”.B) “Climatically almost unnecessary”.C) “Artificially-cooled space”.D) “With mild temperatures”.5.What is the author’s overall attitude toward fridges?A) Neutral.B) Critical.C) Objective.D) Compromising.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon’s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.6.In what way can we make a machine intelligent?A) By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.B) By working hard for 10 or 20 years.C) By either properly programming it or changing its structure.D) By reproducing it.7.What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?A) He believes they will be useful to human beings.B) He believes that they will control us in the future.C) He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.D) He doesn’t consider the construction of such machines possible.8.The word “carbon” (Line 4, Para.2) stands for _________.A) intelligent robotsB) a chemical elementC) an organic substanceD) human beings9. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _______.A) its intelligence and cost are beyond questionB) it is able to bear the rough environmentC) it is made as complex as the human brainD) its architecture is different from that of the present ones10.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capableof self-reproductionB) with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibilityof making a machine with human-like abilityC) once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will posses intelligenceD) robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in spacePassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.11.By “…challenges explanation” (Line 2, Para.1) the author means that ________.A) no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenonB) no explanation has been made up to nowC) it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanationD) it’s high time that an explanation was provided12.The third paragraph is mainly about ______.A) the development of babies’ early forms of languageB) the difficulties of babies in learning to speakC) babies’ strong desire to communicateD) babies’ intention to communicate13.The author’s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ______.A) usually obey without asking questionsB) are passive in the process of learning to speakC) are born cooperativeD) learn to speak by listening14.From the passage we learn that _______.A) early starters can learn to speak within only six monthsB) children show a strong desire to communicate by making noisesC) imitation plays an important role in learning to speakD) children have various difficulties in learning to speak15.The best for this passage would be ______.A) How Babies Learn to SpeakB) Early Forms of LanguageC) A Huge Task for ChildrenD) Noise Making and Language LearningPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.16.Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ______.A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB) the amount of monetary rewards for student’ creativityC) the study of relationship between actions and their consequencesD) the effects of external rewards on students’ performance17.What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?A) They have no doubts about them.B) They have doubts about them.C) They approve of them.D) They avoid talking about them.18.Which of the following can best raise students’ creativity according to RobertEisenberger?A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.19.It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten theirgrading standards because they believe ______.A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of studentsB) punishment is more effective than rewardingC) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standardsD) discouraging the students’ anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency20.The phrase “token economies” (Line 1, Para.5) probably refers to ________.A) ways to develop economyB) systems of rewarding studentsC) approaches to solving problemsD) methods of improving performancePart IV Linguistics (30 points)(I) Define the following terms with examples where necessary. (9 points)(1) arbitrariness(2) phonology(3) inflectional morphemes(II) Put “T” for true and “F” for false for the following statements. (10 points)(1) Languages cannot be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future. ( )(2) Complete synonyms, i.e. synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances, are rare. ( )(3) A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something. ( )(4) When someone is not saying in an explicit and straightforward manner what he means to say, rather he is trying to put across his message in an implicit, roundabout way, we can say he is using indirect language. ( )(5) Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the sameform, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. ( )(III) Discuss briefly the similarities and differences between language acquisition and second language acquisition. (5 points)(IV) Try to think of a context in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating fact. (6 points)(1) The music of the movie is good.(2) You have been keeping my notes for a whole week now.Part V British and American Literature (30 points)(I) Fill in the following blanks with appropriate items of information. (10 points)1.Paradise Lost, written by _____①____, is an epic based on the biblical story of Satan,Adam and Eve.2. Tom Jones, a novel written by ②, offers a panoramic view of EnglishSociety in the author’s times.3. Laurence Sterne’s _______③_______is an experimental novel with its unusual narrativestrategies.4. The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 by William Wordsworth (1770-1850) and_______④_________ (1772-1834), is a significant event in English literary history.5. A Tale of Two Cities, set in London and Paris is ________⑤______s’ best-knownhistorical novel.6. _________⑥__________, the tragic story of a pure country girl, has been read as one ofThomas Hardy’s best-known novel.7. ________⑦_________ and _______⑧______ are the most important authors of AmericanTranscendentalism.8. The Wings of the Dove (1902), The Ambassadors (1903) and The Golden Bowl (1904) weresuccessful novels by __________⑨_________ in the early 20th century.9. In 1961, Joseph Heller published his__________⑩___________, a classic of BlackHumor.(II) Comment briefly on ANY ONE of the following topics. (20 points)1. Gothic fiction2. Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales3. A story by or novel by Nathanial Hawthorne。
华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业项目管理，工商管理科目名称管理学原理科目代码847一、简答题（每题12分，共60分）1、管理的职能是什么？2、头脑风暴法的原则是什么？3、影响决策的主要因素有哪些？4、请简述有效控制的特征？5、有效沟通的障碍有哪些？二、案例分析（每题30分，共60分）1．阅读下面的案例，回答如下问题：（30分）（1）根据案例，结合目标管理理论，试分析海尔集团是如何进行目标管理的，并分析该公司进行目标管理的步骤。
（12分）（2）根据案例，结合计划理论，试分析海尔集团推行目标管理的作用。
（6分）（3）根据案例，结合计划的类型理论，试分析海尔集团的OEC管理模式属于什么类型的计划？并作简要分析。
（12分）海尔集团的“OEC”管理模式海尔经过短短二十几年的发展，从一家濒临倒闭的小企业迅速成长为具有世界声誉的国家特大型家电企业，它的成功并不是偶然的。
海尔的管理模式和管理方法已被作为成功的案例，写进哈佛大学、洛桑国际管理学院、欧洲工商管理学院的案例库，成为全球通用的教材，这在中国企业界是前所未有的。
海尔集团提出的“OEC”管理模式，即“日事日毕、日清日高”的工作准则，体现了企业不断进步和持续改进的特点。
“OEC”管理模式是海尔集团管理体系的基石，是其对外并购扩张、推行统一管理的基本模式，也是全国企业到海尔集团学习先进管理经验的主要内容。
正是通过这种持续改进使得海尔集团由1984年的亏损企业发展成为世界第四大白色家电制造商、中国最具价值品牌的大规模的跨国企业集团。
2014年，海尔集团年营业额突破两千亿元。
一、“OEC”管理方法的构成框架OEC是Overall Every Control and Clear的英文缩写，其含义是全方位地对每人、每天所做的每件事进行控制和清理，做到“日事日毕，日清日高”。
具体的讲，就是企业每天所有的事都有人管，控制到人不漏项；所有的人均有管理、控制的内容，并依据工作标准，按规定的计划执行。
D. A cause de D. Cepe ndant D. oubli e eD. P ondition que D. Qui est-ce que t e phoner ?A. leB. lesC. leurD. lui A. Apr sefaire B. Fait 9.华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业 英语语言文学科目名称 法语（二外） 科目代码 263 I. Choisissez la meilleure rponse （令0 %） （选择最佳答案，每小题1分）1. A e tage, tu as une belle vue sur Paris. A. ce B. cet C. cette D . ces2. Voil P belles fleurs jaun es. A. des B. / C. les D .de3. En g n e ral, enfants adore nt les bonbons. A. les B. l ' C. / D . des4. Elles habite nt Bruxelles Belgique. A. au B. / C. en D . la5. Je fais n atatio n en t e eA. /B. uneC. la D . de la 6. Ces v teme nts sont aux enfants ? Oui, ce sont v e ements.A. sesB. sonC. leurs D . leur 7. Les Dupont dans la for t. e A. se sont prome n e B. se sont prome ns eC. s 'st promen eD. se prom ne8. ses devoirs, nous allo ns faire une excurs ion.C. Apr e avoir faitD. Avoir faitil s'est couch tr s e ard, il n'a pas pu se rveiller si e heures ce mat in.A. CommeB. Parce queC. Car10. - Vous t e s Paris en juillet ?- ________ , nous sommes Rome.A. OuiB. SiC. Non11. Ta carte de crdit, tu <ne I 'as pas _______ ?A. oubliesB. oubli eC. oublier12. Tout ira bie n _________ elle veuille faire un effort.A. puisqu 'B. bien qu 'C. de mani reBque 13.s'est pass ?<Tu as entendu du bruit ?A. Qu 'est-ce queB. Qu'est-ce quiC. Qui est-ce qui14. J'ai quelque chose raco P ter Jean, tu peux________A. R e e hissant bien C. Aya nt bien r fl chiB. R fl chi bienD. Apr e r ffe chir bien15. Ma tante est heureuse et <mue.A. tout, toutB. tout, touteC. toute, toutD. toute, toute16. Dans cette classe, il y a gar?o ns que de filles.A. tant deB. telleme nt deC. aussi deD. auta nt de17.11 a courage, mais il n'a pas courage de con tredire son pre. eA. le, leB. le, duC. du, leD. un, le18. , il a pris la d cision. e19. Ma m e m'a dema nd e j'avais envie pour No?.A. ce queB. queC. dontD. ce dont20. Il n'y a restaura nt prs deechez moi.A. rienB. pers onneC. auc unD. jamais21. nous vivons ici, nous sommes de bonne humeur.A. Depuis queB. A moins queC. Ava nt queD. Puisque22. Ces croissants sont ______ que ceux que jai achet s hier.A. bonsB. mieuxC. meilleurD. meilleurs23. C'est R kin Marie a fait ses tudes <de chino is.A. queB. o uC. quiD. dont24.11 m ' dema nd <ce que je ferais .A. hierB. le len dema inC. ce jour-l aD. la veille25. La situati on nous dev ons faire face n' est pas simple.A. queB. ce queC. quiD. R aquelle26. Apr sela pr sentation du professeur sur ses travaux de recherche, des scientifiques lui ont_________ des questi ons.A. dema nd eB. in terrog eC. r ponduD. pos e27. - Tu pen ses qu'ils vie ndront ?-Ils ne m'ont pas encore donn de r ponse. Mais je _______ vraiment sur eux.A. regretteB. d testeC. penseD. compte28. Nous sommes , les feuilles des arbres tombe nt.A. au printempsB. en t eC. en automneD. en hiver29. Les Richer _______ tr e bien I'Espagne ; ils y vont tous les t s pour passer leursvaca nces.A. save ntB. conn aisse ntC. s' aper?oive ntD. fr que nt30. Le professeur parle haute voix de faOn que tous les tudiants「ont __________A. regard eB. vuC. cout eD. entendu1. Est-il d j oarfivOui, il (1) II. Compl tez avec des pronoms convenable$10 % ）（填上适当的代词，使句子完整正确，每个空格 1分）i a gare 17cheures ? __ est d j ffi arriv C7 heures.2. Est-ce que nous avons fait des cadeauxPaul pour son anni versaire ? Oui, nous (2)(3) avons fait pour son anni versaire.3. Nous apporter ons nos cassettes oVs apportez les v?res, et eux, (4) ________4. Je te prse nte mes amies polon aises, tu sais, (5) qui habite nt avec moi.5. Est-ce que vous avez pens faire le plein d'essenee ?Oui, je (6) pen se.6. Ma fille veut visiter Paris, moi aussi, je (7) ai tr s envie.7. Est-ce quon doit montrer les dossiers notre professeur ?Non, on ne doit pas (8) (9) mon trer.8. Savez-vous que Catheri ne et Dupont se marier ont le mois procha in ?Oui, je (10) sais.III. Mettez les verbes entre les parenthses au temps et au mode convenable ( 10%)(填上正确的动词形式，每个空格1分)1. Chaque mat in, nous ( se lever) ____ (1) _______ de tr s (bonne heure pour faire du sport.2. Le soir de leur arriv e f aris,ils (prendre) (2) ___________ leur d?ier f heures, chez leur vois in.3. Elle m 'a expliqu q ^e la directrice (r gler) Q (3) _______ d i ette affaire.4. Te souviens-tu de notre enfance? Nous (travailler) (4) _______ beaucoup et il y avait tr s peu de distractions l' c Qf5. Les personnes ( avoir ) (5) un billet de premi re cla u se sont invites f e Q rse d ter f notre point d'embarqueme nt.6. Elle a peur que nous ( partir ) ne ____ (6) _____ sans elle.7. Des que nous ( arriver ) _____ ⑺ _______ aBeijing, nous vous t l phonerons pour vous rassurer.8. Si j'avais suffisamment d'argent, je (acheter) ___ ㈤ ______ une belle voiture.9. Les chercheurs se dema ndaie nt s'ils (pouvoir) (9) finir leurs travaux le len dema in.10. (Ennuyer) (10) ______ par les devoirs, les l ves sortent de la classe et jouent sur leterrain de sport.IV. Compr t ension otite （30 %）（阅读理解，每题2 分）1NinaJe pr f<!Te man ger sain （健康）et garder la forme. Je ne supporte pas les plats gras. Je fais d sport tous les jours.MarcoEn fait, j' tais v t g t tarien （素食者）pendant Iongtemps, mais j'ai fini par changer de gime （饮食）, parce qu' mon avis, les plats v g t tariens ont un go? fade（淡而无味）.AnaSSIl y a un an, j'ai d cid <de ne plus man ger de via nde. Pourquoi? C'est bie n simple: je n 'appcie pas l'id e de tuer de pauvres animaux innocents.ArianeJe ne suis pas vg darienne mais je n'aime pas beaucoup le go?de la viande. Alors, peut- tre que je vais cha nger d'ide... on ne sait jamais!NoaPour bien garder la forme, je mange r guli rement et sain, bien s?r - trois repas par jour, beaucoup de fruits et de lgumes frais, du poulet, des ptes... a p a jrtj^ fais du sport trois ou quatre fois par semaine. Et je me couche toujours de bonne heure.AntoineMe me si je ne suis pas fanatique de fast-food, je ne vois pas pourquoi je ne mangerais pas d pizza et de hamburgers. Au con traire: pourquoi pas? Je trouve ?a bon. Je garde la forme en aida nt de temps en temps la mais on ou dans le jardi n.（请在下列横线处写上人名）1. Qui pense deve nir vg t tarie n?________ pense deve nir vg <iarie n.2. Qui n'est plus v g Darien?_______ n'est plus v g darien.3. Qui mange bie n, dort bie n et fait beaucoup de sport?_______ mange bien, dort bien et fait beaucoup de sport.4. Qui garde sa forme en man gea nt sain et en faisa nt du sport sept fois par sema ine?sa forme en sain et en faisa nt du semaine.5. Qui est v g 血ien?__________ e st v g確arien.2Hel ne, 16 ans.Mes parents sont divorcs et j e vis avec ma m re. Je <Vois mon p re un week-end sur deux. Ce n'est pas facile a vivre. En plus, je ne m'entends pas tr s bien avec ma m e re. On ne se comprend pas du tout. Elle n'aime pas les gens que je frquente. Elle me <dit toujours qu'il faut lui parler de mes probl mes, mais qua nd j'e n parle, elle s' n erve contre moi et on fin it par se disputer. Je ne nie (否认)pas que parfois, c'est ma faute. C'est dommage parce que des foi:j'aimerais bien lui poser des questions et lui demander des conseils. C'est impossible parcequ'avec elle, on ne peut pas discuter.Alors, j'ai commen e a parler a ma grand-m re que j'admire beaucoup et je me suis d e ouvert une nouvelle copine! Tr s moderne, tr scool, et toujours pr te a me donner des con seils... gratuits!根据文章内容判断正误(正确的请打钩V,错误的请打叉x)6. H e ne n'habite plus chez son pre. ( e )7. Elle est tr s contente de ses relations avec sa me. ( e )8. Sa m e re n'appr e cie pas les copains d ( ' H e ) e ne.9. Elle aide H l nee a soudre ses problmesepersonnels.( )10. H e ne n'accepte que c'est elle-mme quida parfois tort.( )3Les voisins, une deuxme falmilleJosseline, 82 ans, est la retraite et, depuis qu'elle a perdu son mari, elle doit se dbrouiller seule dans la vie. Enfin presque... Car ses voisi ns la soutie nnent. Elle rac onte qu'ils l' aide nt porter ses courses, l' accompag nent au parc et l'i nvite nt a man ger. Bref, ils sont pour elle comme ? une deuxi mefamille ?. L'exemple de Josseline prouve que les bonnes relations ent voisins existent, mais sont encore trop rares.Voil p ourquoi, apr s avoir cr e en2000 la F te cfe s V)isins, Atanasse Prifan,^qui cherche a d(f e ndre et a d e elopper la solidarit des vois ins, vie nt de Ian cer Vois ins Solidarit s, une op r ati on don t le but est d'orga ni ser une aide efficace entre vois ins, une aide qui dure : Nous esp rons apporter de nouvelles id es aux b e nnes relations entre voisins et surtout montrer tou les bons aspectsqu'il y a d' tre a c?t explique-t-il. Ce grand projet a 在e d <velopp $n partenariat avec leminist re du Loggement. Lorsque cette op ration a t danc eeofficiellement le 25 mars dernier, Christine Boutin n'a d'ailleurs pas cach sa passion : ? Il s'agit de faire de nos immeubles et de nos quartiers, des unis de solidarity sodale et familiale. ?...charcuterie （肉制品柜）…mais je n 'avais pas le droit de travailler dans le ray on alcools! On ne m'a pas permis non plus de travailler la caisse（收银台）.Heureusement, parce que les clients n' aime nt pas faire la queue et moi je ne suis pas sr rapide! e。
华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业物联网工程，计算机技术科目名称C语言程序设计科目代码837一、单项选择题（在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确的答案，并将其号码写在答题纸上。
请注意注明题号。
每小题3分，共计90分）【1】执行语句printf("2:%d,",printf("1:%d,",scanf("%d",&x)))；以后的输出结果是____。
A)2:1,1:1,B)1:1,2:1,C)2:4,1:1D)1:1,2:4,【2】已知：int x，y；double z；则以下语句中错误的函数调用是。
A)scanf("%d,%lx,%le",&x,&y,&z)；B)scanf("-*%d%lf",&x,&y,&z)；C)scanf("%x%*d%o",&x,&y)；D)scanf("%x%o%6.2f",&x,&y,&z)；【3】与条件表达式"(n)?(c++):(c--)"中的表达式（n）等价的表达式是____。
A)(n==0)B)(n==1)C)(n!=0)D)(n!=1)【4】已知int i=1,j=0；执行下面语句后j的值是____。
while(i)switch(i){case1:i+=1；j++；break；case2:i+=2；j++；break；case j3:i+=3；++；break；default:i--；j++；break；}A)1B)2C)3D)死循环【5】求取满足式12+22+32+……+n2≤1000的n，正确的语句是____。
A)for(i=1,s=0；(s=s+i*i)<=1000；n=i++)；B)for(i=1,s=0；(s=s+i*i)<=1000；n=++i)；C)for(i=1,s=0；(s=s+i*++i)<=1000；n=i)；D)for(i=1,s=0；(s=s+i*i++)<=1000；n=i)；【6】下面的for语句。
