❖ Under the influence of humanism, scholastic education gave way to classics: rhetoric, grammar, poetry, history, Latin, Greek.
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Individualism
❖ It is the basic idea and important component of humanism, it is replacement of God standard by human standard.
❖ Italy did not exist as a political entity in the early modern period. Instead, it was divided into smaller city states and territories: the Kingdom of Naples controlled the south, the Republic of Florence and the Papal States at the center, the Milanese and the Genoese to the north and west respectively, and the Venetians to the east, and these city republics were devoted to notions of liberty.
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Birth Place of Renaissance
❖ Society and cities changed in the 1300s. Specialization in agriculture increased, resulting in more trade. Urban areas became centers of commerce, particularly in Italy.