[外语类试卷]大学英语六级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷22.doc

大学英语六级改革适用（听力）模拟试卷220(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. What kind of music will be most popular in the future according to the man?2. What does the man think of people’s interest in classical music?3. What kind of music is consistently popular according to the man?4. What does the man say about the rock music?1．A．Salsa dancing.B．Classical music.C．Rock and roll.D．Latin music.正确答案：D解析：女士问男士全球音乐的未来趋势，男士说他看到了拉丁音乐越来越流行，其他音乐的流行度可能会略微降低。

由此可知答案为D。

男士虽提到A项“莎尔莎舞曲”的流行程度会大大增加，但前提是拉丁舞继续流行。

2．A．It drops sharply.B．It falls slowly.C．It stays the same.D．It increases slowly.正确答案：B解析：女士问男士对突然降温的古典音乐的看法，男士则回答说这并不是一个突发的情况，而是多年来缓慢而平稳下降的结果，故选B。

C为强干扰项，因为男士说到了steady。

但男士是认为人们对古典音乐的兴趣是减少(drop)的，可见他说的steady表示(人们对古典音乐的兴趣是)平稳的下降，C并不对。

3．A．Latin music.B．Classical music.C．Rock and roll music.D．Salsa dancing.正确答案：C解析：女士问有没有哪种音乐一直受到大多数人的喜欢，男士回答说，如果看人数的话，摇滚乐的受众群体这些年来一直都很稳定。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷222(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：The report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics was just as gloomy as anticipated. Unemployment in January jumped to a 16-year high of 7. 6 percent, as 598, 000 jobs were slashed from U. S. payrolls in the worst single-month decline since December, 1974. With 1.8 million jobs lost in the last three months, there is urgent desire to boost the economy as quickly as possible. But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers. Collectively, we rely on the unemployment figures and other statistics to frame our sense of reality. They are a vital part of an array of data that we use to assess if we're doing well or doing badly, and that in turn shapes government policies and corporate budgets and personal spending decisions. The problem is that the statistics aren't an objective measure of reality; they are simply a best approximation. Directionally, they capture the trends, but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth. That makes finding a solution all the more difficult. First, there is the way the data is assembled. The official unemployment rate is the product of a telephone survey of about 60, 000 homes. There is another survey, sometimes referred to as the "payroll survey, that assesses 400, 000 businesses based on their reported payrolls. Both surveys have problems. The payroll survey can easily double-count someone: if you are one person with two jobs, you show up as two workers. The payroll survey also doesn't capture the number of self-employed, and so says little about how many people are generating an independent income. The household survey has a larger problem. When asked straightforwardly, people tend to lie or shade the truth when the subject is sex, money or employment. If you get a call and are asked if you're employed, and you say yes, you're employed. If you say no, however, it may surprise you to learn that you are only unemployed if you've been actively looking for work in the past four weeks; otherwise, you are "marginally attached to the labor force" and not actually unemployed. The urge to quantify is embedded in our society. But the idea that statisticians can then capture an objective reality isn't just impossible. It also leads to serious misjudgments. Democrats and Republicans can and will take sides on a number of issues, but a more crucial concern is that both are basing major policy decisions on guesstimates rather than looking at the vast wealth of raw data with a critical eye and an open mind.（分数：10.00）(1).What do we learn from the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The U. S. economic situation is going from bad to worse. √B.Washington is taking drastic measures to provide more jobs.C.The U. S. government is slashing more jobs from its payrolls.D.The recent economic crisis has taken the U. S. by surprise.解析：解析：由第一段可知，华盛顿在推动经济增长前会进行反思，而没有立刻采取措施，故B错误。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷202(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Memory appears to be stored in several parts of the limbic(边缘的)system of the brain, and any condition that interferes with the function of this system can cause amnesia. Aging is a frequent cause. As humans advance in age, the heart's action, as well as the walls of blood vessels, change. It is thought that too little blood reaching brain cells, and sometimes the lack of certain nutrients, causes the death of small portions of the brain. Old memories and new ones are kept in different portions of the brain, and many older people can recall events that took place years before while being unable to remember what they ate at their last meal. An inability to store or learn new information may also occur with advanced age. Several degenerative(退化的)diseases of old age can cause profound amnesia. Primarily in older men, transient(暂时的)global amnesia causes severe loss of memory for minutes or hours. This is a progressive condition about which little can be done. Alcoholism is another leading cause of amnesia. Many heavy drinkers cannot recall the events of the time when they were intoxicated. In alcoholism of long duration, the gradual deterioration of brain cells takes place, and memory can become permanently confused. Injuries to the head often result in amnesia for the time just before and just after an accident. As the injury heals, memory gradually returns. Tumors or other growth in the brain that affect the limbic system can also cause amnesia, when treatment of the growth is successful, the amnesia is cured. Classic amnesia may be described as the condition of an otherwise healthy person who "wakes up" in a strange place unable to recall his name, where he came from, or where he is going. It is interesting to note that such a person, however, retains knowledge of language and social customs. This kind of amnesia is probably due to emotional stress and is called hysterical amnesia. It occurs when some event is seen as so shameful or when problems become so overwhelming that the person concerned is unable to face reality. Instead, complete amnesia develops. Hysterical amnesia is treated through psychotherapy and sometimes the administration of drugs such as sodium amobarbital, which causes a person to talk freely. Clues to the past may appear under the sedation, and the psychotherapist can use these to prod(促使)the memory of the patient.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, the forming of amnesia is most closely related to_____.（分数：2.00）A.old agee of drugsC.damage of brain √ck of nutrients解析：解析：第1段首句提到，任何影响大脑边缘系统功能的状况都可能造成健忘症。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷242(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection CPeople have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”. Those who support the “nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factor. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test This leads some “nature”proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.1．The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem______.A．why one’s behaviors differ from others’B．what makes different stages of intelligenceC．how social scientists form different theoriesD．what causes the “nature/nurture” controversy正确答案：A解析：原文开头两段指出作者要讨论的问题，第2段末开始从两个方面解释该问题，末段是总结段。

大学英语六级改革适用（长篇阅读）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection BThe Happiness Effect[A]The next time you get the flu, there will almost certainly be someone you can blame for your pain. There’s the inconsiderate co-worker who decided to drag himself to the office and spent the day sniffling, sneezing and shivering in the cubicle next to yours. Or your child’s best friend, the one who showed up for a playdate with a runny nose and a short supply of tissues. Then there’s the guy at the gym who spent more time sneezing than sweating on the treadmill before you used it.[B]You’re right to pass the blame. Pathogens(致病菌)like the influenza virus pass like a holiday fruitcake from person to person, but you probably don’t think much past the one who gave it directly to you. An infectious-disease expert, on the other hand, would not be satisfied to stop there. What about the person who passed the virus on to your colleague, the one before him and others earlier still? Contagious(传染性的)diseases operate like a giant infectious network, spreading like the latest YouTube clip among friends of friends online. We’re social animals; we share.[C]So public-health experts are beginning to wonder whether certain health-related behaviors are just as contagious as microbes. If you’re struggling with your weight, did you in effect catch a case of fat by learning poor eating and exercise habits from a friend or family member who was similarly infected by someone else? If you smoke, do you light up because you were behaviorally contaminated by smokers who convinced you of the coolness of the habit? Even more important, if such unhealthy behaviors are contagious, are healthy ones —like quitting smoking or exercising —equally so? And what if not only behaviors but also moods and mental states work the same way? Can you catch a case of happy?[D]Increasingly, the answer seems to be yes. That’s the intriguing conclusion from a body of work by Harvard social scientist Dr. Nicholas Christakis and his political-science colleague James Fowler at the University of California at San Diego. The pair created a sensation with their announcement earlier this month of a 20-year study showing that emotions can pass among a network of people up to three degrees of separation away, so your joy may, to a larger extent than you realize, be determined by how cheerful your friends’ friends’ friends are, even if some of the people in this chain are total strangers to you.[E]If that’s so, it creates a whole new paradigm for the way people get sick and, more important, how to get them healthy. It may mean that an individual’s well-being is the product not just of his behaviors and emotions but more of the way they feed into a larger social network. Think of it as health Facebook-style. “We have a collective identity as a population that transcends individual identity,”says Christakis. “This superorganism has an anatomy(解剖学),physiology, structure and function that we are trying to understand.”[F]In their most recent paper, published in the British Medical Journal, Christakis and Fowler explored the emotional state of nearly 5,000 people and the more than 50,000 social ties they shared. At three points during the long study, all the participants answered a standard questionnaire to determine their happiness level, so that the scientists could track changes in emotional state.[G]That led to their intriguing finding of just how contagious happiness can be: if a subject’s friend was happy, that subject was 15% more likely to be happy too; if that friend’s friend was happy, the original subject was 10% more likely to be so. Even if the subject’s friend’s friend’s friend —entirely unknown to the subject —was happy, the subject still got a 5.6% boost. The happiness chain also worked in the other direction, radiating from the subject out to his friends.[H]The happiness dividend is more powerful if two people not only know each other but also are equally fond of each other. Happiness is more infectious in mutual relationships(in which both people name the other as a friend)than in unreciprocated ones(in which only one is named).[I]And it’s not just in sterile(枯燥乏味的)study settings that the contagion of happiness is spreading. Christakis and Fowler noticed that people who are smiling on their Facebook pages tend to cluster together, forming an online social circle like a delirious flock of cyberbirds. And while some of this joy can certainly be traced to the copycat effect —if your friends post smiling pictures, you might feel like a grouch(不高兴的人)if you don’t too —Christakis and Fowler are analyzing the clusters to see if something more infectious might be at work.[J]Skeptics raise other concerns, ones that go beyond the copycat effect. Couldn’t happy people simply be exposed to similar lifestyles or social factors that explain their shared joy, such as favorable weather, low unemployment rates or a winning baseball team? If that were the case, argue the authors, then happiness would spread more uniformly among all the relationships; instead, it varied depending on whether the friendship was mutual or merely one-sided. As the investigators teased out these factors, they found that environment didn’t have nearly the power that relationships did.[K]The infectiousness of happiness is only the latest in a series of similar phenomena Christakis and Fowler have stud-ied. In 2007 they published a paper showing that obesity travels across webs in a similar way, with individuals having a 57% greater risk of being overweight if they have an obese friend. The same holds true for quitting smoking, with success 30% more common among friends of quitters than among friends of smokers.[L]In all these cases, there’s a predictable topography(地形)to how people influence one another, one that can be reduced to a sort of social map. People who are central to their networks —who in effect are the hub through which most of the other relationships or information flows —may have the most influence on others and in turn are the most influenced by them. But just because you start off at the center of your web does not guarantee that you’ll stay there. In the 1970s, smokers were more likely to occupy that focal position in their network of friends and family. Look at a similar social map today, and you’ll see that the smokers have drifted to the periphery(外围).[M]The better this kind of mapping becomes, the more value it has.[N]Officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)are exploiting the connectedness of youngsters in online socialnetworks, for example, to improve flu-vaccination rates, not just among those under age 18 but among all the people to whom these children have ties. “Because of their social and peer networks, children have a higher likelihood of sharing information with the most people,”says Jay Bernhardt of the CDC. By targeting youngsters on these sites with information about the importance of annual flu shots, health officials hope to trigger a literal and figurative viral wave of vaccination among the kids’ peers, their peers’ peers, and even those peers’ parents and grandparents.[O]”We are always looking for exciting new areas of research that will help people live healthier,” says Richard Suzman, director of the division of behavioral and social research at the National Institute on Aging. “Without a doubt, I see this as a very promising area.”And with the health community a web like any other, expect that idea to spread further and further.1．Environmental factors couldn’t explain people’s shared joy, because the spreading of happiness varied among different relationships.正确答案：J解析：根据题干中的explain people’s shared joy,varied将本题出处定位于[J]段第2、3句。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷232(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AOnce they decided to have children, MiShel and Carl Meissner tackled the next big issue: Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s brother had become blind from a hereditary (遗传的) condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is a【C1】______ passed from mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 per cent chance of having the condition. A girl would be【C2】______. The British couple’s【C3】______ about gender selection led them to Virginia, US where a new sperm (精子)-separation technique, called MicroSort, was under【C4】______ When MiShel became pregnant, she gave birth to a daughter. They will try to have a second daughter using the technique later this year. This is not only a【C5】______ effective way to select a child’s gender. It also brings a host of ethical (伦理的) and practical considerations—especially for the majority of families who use the technique for【C6】______ reasons. The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples【C7】______ passing on a gender-linked 【C8】______ disease and to allow those who already have a child to “balance” their family by having a baby of the opposite sex. The technology is still【C9】______ However, Blauer says the company has an【C10】______ success rate: 91 per cent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 per cent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.A) genetic B) overlapped C) impressive D) unaffectedE) perpetually F) investigation G) inquiries H) featsI) disorder J) gropes K) experimental L) seeminglyM) elicit N) nonmedical O) avoid 1．【C1】正确答案：I解析：此处应为单数名词。

大学英语六级考试阅读模拟试题大学英语六级考试阅读模拟试题Passage OneMedia摘要：本文作者在给出对大众传媒持否定态度的人的意见后，立刻表明了自己的观点，传媒的益处比缺点要多得多。

Every day we are all influenced by the mass media (television, movies, radio, magazines, newspapers and the like). Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used primarily to control our thinking and get us to buy products that we don’t need, the media also contribute to keeping people informed. In other words, while dangers to exist, the benefits of the media far outweigh the disadvantages. Most of the messages brought to viewers, listeners, and readers are designed either to inform or to entertain---and neither of these goals can be considered dangerous or harmful.If consumers of the media could be taught at an early age to examine messages critically---i.e., to think carefully about what is being communicated --- they would be able to take advantage of the information and enjoy the entertainment without being hurt by it. The key to critical thinking is recognizing the purposes of the news or script writers, the advisors, and so on. Are both sides of an issue being presented? Is the amount of the violence and killing shown necessary to the point of a story? Have enough facts about a product being advertised been presented?Furthermore, in a country with a democratic form of government, the people can be kept informed by the mass media. To be able to express their views and vote intelligently, citizensneed the opportunity to hear news, opinions, and public affairs programming. Information about current events is presented in depth on publicly funded TV channels and radio stations as well as in newspapers. In addition, the public broadcasting media can help viewers and listeners to complete or further their education. Recent immigrants, for example, can improve their command of English through TV. and radio, and, in addition, some college courses are taught on educational television.Another recognized advantage of the media is that it gives the people the information they need in their daily lives: weather and traffic reports are good examples. While commercials and advertising do not necessarily present accurate information, they do make people aware of the availability ofproducts that could improve their lives. In addition, they create a larger demand for some items, which may lead to a reduction in their price.While the media can be a valuable means of educating the public, when most people turn on the TV set or the radio, they want to be entertained. As a result, most programming consists of movies, plays, music, comedies, game shows, and sports events. Some of these offerings are of low quality, but, on the other hand, many are fun to watch and interesting, written and presented well.Even though the mass media can be misused, most of effects are positive. We are all influenced by television, movies, radio, magazines, and newspapers, and---if we are careful to examine their massages critically--- these can all be of benefit to our lives.Notes:1. 1.script n. 手稿，剧本2. 2.availability n. 可用性，有效性1. 1.The main point the author tries to make in this passage is mostprobably that _______.A) A)advertising is harmful when it presents inaccurate informationB) B)the positive effects of the mass media outweigh the negative onesC) C)people should learn to take advantage of the media’s benefitsD) D)Television is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing information2. 2.According to the author, the two main purposes of the mass mediaare to ______.A) A)control our thinking and get us to buy useless productsB) B)provide people with information and entertainmentC) C)making people aware of the availability of products and create a large demand for some itemsD) D)express the views of the public and help improve recent immigrants’ English3. 3.The author feels that consumers of the mass media should be taughtat an early age to ____.A) A)bring their imagination into full play when watching programmes of low qualityB) B)buy products advertised in commercials so that the demand increaseC) C)turn off the TV set when ridiculous program comes onD) D)think critically about the messages brought to them4. 4.It can be learned from paragraph 3 that citizens will bein a betterposition to express their views and make their choices if they are _____.A) A)highly educated through TV and radioB) B)well protected by the governmentC) C)highly paid by the employersD) D)well informed by the mass media5. 5.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) A)the mass media offers information needed in our daily lives.B) B)Publicly funded broadcasting does not present information about current wents in depth.C) C)Information provided by commercials and advertising is always accurate.D) D)Many TV and radio programmes are not interesting.答案：Passage One:1． 1． B. 参照短文第一段，作者在给出对大众传媒持否定态度的人的意见后，立刻表明了自己的观点，传媒的益处比缺点要多得多。

大学英语六级模拟试题及答案一、单选题（共10题，共20分）1.We can conclude from the passage that ________.A.today's under-thirties are leading a miserable life in Britainura Lenox-Conyngham's attitude to work and life represents that of manyyoung professionals in BritainC.Life can get harder for under-thirties in BritainD.elders enjoy extremely high living standards in Britain2.In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?A. By taking photographs for magazines.B.By marring a rich man.C.By subletting the lounge sofa-bed to her brother.D.By preparing food for photographs for some magazines.3.Which factor pushed up house prices?A.Many young men, who live alone, have increased demand for houses.B.Many young men need to rent more houses.C.It is easy to apply for a mortgage for young generationD.The number of older people, many of whom live alone,becomes bigger andbigger.4.Why are today's older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winners?A.Because they made relatively small contributions in tax, but youngergeneration will possibly hand over more than a third of their lifetime's earningsfor the care of them.B.Because they contributed a lot in tax and now can claim much on the welfaresystem.C.Because they made small contributions, but now can make money easily.D.Because they outnumber younger generation and enjoy more privileges in thepresent society.5.By saying "the growth of the proportion...to younger generations." (Line2, Para. 5), Anthea Tinker really means that ________.A.currently wealth flows from old generation to younger generationB.traditionally wealth flows from younger generation to old generationC.with the increasingly big poppation of over 50, the trendarises that wealthflows from younger generation to old generationD.with more and more people of over 50, traditions have been reversed6.The best title for the passage wopd be ________.A.Medical PracticeB.Clever AdvertisingC.Self-MedicationD.Self-Treatment7.The author tells us in paragraph 4 ________.A.the reasons for keeping medicines at homeB.people's doubt about taking drugsC.what kind of medicine people shopd prepare at homeD.the possible harms self-medication may do to people8.Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain ________.A.those good things are not without side effectsB.why clever advertising is so powerfpC.why in modern times self-medication is still practisedD.why people develop fapty ways of life9.Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because________.A. they often watch ads on TVB.they are more likely to buy the drugs advertisedC.they generally lead a sedentary lifeD.they don't take to sports and easily catch colds10.The first paragraph is intended to ________.A.suggest that self-medication has a long historyB.define what diagnosis means exactlyC.praise doctors for their expertiseD.tell the symptoms from the causes二、判断题（共4题，共8分）11.Nearly all the families can manage to meet the soaring tuition costs through various investment plans.正确错误12.One reason why colleges increase tuition and fees is thatthe state support is shrinking.正确错误13.The only problem the students are facing at graduation is the dismal job market.正确错误14.Griffith worked for a firm that specialized in economic development in Washington D.C. because she needed money to pay for her debt.正确错误三、填空题（共8题，共16分）15.He told the story in such minute detail ________________(简直就像他亲眼看见一样 ).16.Life is too short ________________(不可每天将时间浪费在看电视上).17.The visitors planned to ________________( 花最少的时间游览公园以外的地方).18.The only sounds are bird calls and the soft noise________________(当水缓缓推动草时草所发出的)19.The area gets ________________(年降雨量不足五厘米).20.According to Steven Young, if scientists get the data that ________, they wopd petition for fast track status.21.While integrase deletes an immune cell's genetic material and replaces it with its own, it acts like ________ in a word processor.22.If the drug proves effective in human trials,it copd enhance the effectiveness of existing AIDS drugs in ________.四、问答题（共1题，共10分）23.Directions:1、正确答案： C2、正确答案： D3、正确答案： D4、正确答案： A5、正确答案： C6、正确答案： C7、正确答案： D8、正确答案： C9、正确答案： B10、正确答案： A11、正确答案：错误12、正确答案：正确13、正确答案：错误14、正确答案：正确15、正确答案：that he might himself have been an eye-witness16、正确答案：to idle away the hours watching TV each day17、正确答案：spend minimum time sightseeing outside the parks18、正确答案：made by grasses as the water slowly moves them19、正确答案：fewer than five centimeters of rain a year20、正确答案：Because the virus changes its shape.21、正确答案：a cut and paste operation22、正确答案：fighting drug-resistant strains of the virus23、正确答案：9-12：BCAB13-15：BCB。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷22(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection BGraying Population Stays in the PinkA)Elderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.B)In the last 14 years, the National Long-term Health Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of more than 20,000 men and women over 65. Researchers, now analysing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems—the major medical complaints in this age group are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate. Other diseases of old age—dementia, stroke, arteriosclerosis and emphysema—are also troubling fewer and fewer people.C)”It really raises the question of what should he considered normal ageing”, says Kenneth Manton, a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina. He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75.D)Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today’s elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.E)On the downside, the data also reveals failures in public health that have caused surges in some illnesses. An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. “These may be subtle influences”, says Manton, “but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years. It’ s not surprising we see some effect”.F)One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer. For example, 65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected, on average, to live to 82. Those who continued their education live an extra seven years. Although some of this can be attributed to a higher income, Manton believes it is mainly because educated people seek more medical attention.G)The survey also assessed how independent people over 65 were, and again found a striking trend. Almost 80% of those in the 1994 survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances.H)That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population. If the trends apparent in the United States 14 years ago had continued, researchers calculate there would be an additional one million disabled elderly people in today’ s population. According to Manton, slowingthe trend has saved the United States government’s Medicare system more than $200 billion, suggesting that the greying of America’s population may prove less of a financial burden than expected.I)The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably linked to a massive increase in the use of simple home medical aids. For instance, the use of raised toilet seats has more than doubled since the start of the study, and the use of bath seats has grown by more than 50%.J)These developments also bring some health benefits, according to a report from the MacArthur Foundation’ s research group on successful ageing. The group found that those elderly people who were able to retain a sense of independence were more likely to stay healthy in old age.K)Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning, says Carl Cotman, a neuroscientist at the University of California at Irvine. He found that rats that exercise on a treadmill have raised levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor coursing through their brains. Cotman believes this hormone, which keeps neurons functioning, may prevent the brains of active humans from deteriorating.L)As part of the same study, Teresa Seeman, a social epidemiologist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, found a connection between self-esteem and stress in people over 70. In laboratory simulations of challenging activities such as driving, those who felt in control of their lives pumped out lower levels of stress hormones such as cortical. Chronically high levels of these hormones have been linked to heart disease.M)But independence can have drawbacks. Seeman found that elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep. The research suggests that older people fare best when they feel independent but know they can get help when they need it.N)”Like much research into ageing, these results support common sense”, says Seeman. They also show that we may be underestimating the impact of these simple factors. “The sort of thing that your grandmother always told you turns out to be right on target”, she says.1．There has been a considerable reduction in the number of elderly people who are disabled.正确答案：H解析：题干意为，残疾老人的数量有大幅下降。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷225(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AThere is nothing new about TV and fashion magazines giving girls unhealthy ideas about how thin they need to be in order to be considered beautiful. What is【C1】______ is the method psychologists at the University of Texas have come up with to keep girls from developing eating disorders. Their main weapon against superskinny (role) models: a brand of civil disobedience【C2】______ “body activism.”Since 2001, more than 1,000 high school and college students in the U.S. have participated in the Body Project, which works by getting girls to understand how they have been buying into the【C3】______ that you have to be thin to be happy or successful. After critiquing (评论) the so-called thin ideal by writing essays and role-playing with their peers, participants are【C4】______ to come up with and execute small,【C5】______ acts. They include slipping notes saying “Love your body the way it is” into dieting books at stores like Borders and writing letters to Mattel, makers of tine impossibly【C6】______ Barbie doll. According to a study in the latest issue of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, the risk of developing eating disorders was reduced 61% among Body Project participants. And they continued to exhibit【C7】______ body-image attitudes as long as three years after completing the program, which consists of four one-hour【C8】______ Such lasting effects may be due to girls’realizing not only how they were being【C9】______ but also who was benefiting from the societal pressure to be thin. “These people who promote the perfect body really don’t care about you at all,” says Kelsey Hertel, a high school junior and Body Project veteran in Eugene, Oregon. “They 【C10】______ make you feel like less of a person so you’ll buy their stuff and they’ll make money.”A) nonviolent B) notification C) dubbed D) sessionsE) purposefully F) surprising G) expired H) directedI) positive J) casually K) notion L) proportionedM) ambiguous N) influenced O) entities1．【C1】正确答案：F解析：此处需填入名词、形容词或分词，作主语从句what is…的表语。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷120(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2 milliontreadle pumps, raising the productivity of more than 600, 000 acres of farmland. Manufactured and marketed locally, the pumps are injecting at least an additional $ 350 million a year into the Bangladeshi economy.[L]Bringing these low-cost irrigation technologies into more widespread use requires the creation of local, private-sector supply chains—including manufacturers, retailers and installers—as well as special innovations in marketing. The treadle pump has succeeded in Bangladesh in part because local businesses manufactured and sold the product and marketing specialists reached out to poor farmers with creative techniques, including an open-air movie and village demonstrations. The challenge is great, but so is the potential payoff. Paul Polak, a pioneer in the field of low-cost irrigation and President of International Development Enterprises in Lakewood, Colo. , believes a realistic goal for the next 15 years is to reduce the hunger and poverty of 150 million of the world’s poorest rural people through the spread of affordable small-farm irrigation techniques. Such an accomplishment would boost net income among the rural poor by an estimated $ 3 billion a year.11．The new low energy sprinklers are positioned just above the ground, so they can help plants absorb more water.正确答案：E 涉及知识点：长篇阅读12．Raising the grain production is the leading role of irrigation in both past and present.正确答案：B解析：[B]段主要介绍了1950年以来，灌溉方法的推广是使世界粮食产量提高近三倍的关键因素，若使用得当，灌溉耕作今后仍然是世界提供粮食的主要方法。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷228(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AA tattoo may give parents of children with food allergies some peace of mind when they send their kids off to school. Yes, a tattoo—but it’s a【C1】______ one. SafetyTat sells colorful stick-on labels and wash-off tattoos that【C2】______ of a nut allergy or provide other important medical information. Michele Welsh, a mother-of-three,【C3】______ the company about five years ago. The idea came to her after she wrote her cell phone number on her kids’ arms with a pen in case they got 【C4】______ while at an amusement park. She then thought of her nephew, who has a【C5】______ fatal peanut allergy and how much time her sister-in-law had spent in the emergency room with him. What if she could just have a【C6】______ ! Welsh pointed out that caregivers may remember not to give the child a peanut butter cookie, but【C7】______ they don’t think to look on the packaging of other products. “Sometimes you need something visual to remind others to check the ingredients,”she said “And for older kids it’s not as big of a【C8】______ because they know to check the ingredients themselves, but the little kids are still learning.”However, some have expressed【C9】______ that the labels would draw unwanted attention from schoolyard bullies. “A lot of kids do get bullied at school about their food allergies, so some parents fear that this might give more ammunition to kids,” Kevin McGrath, a spokesperson for the American College of Allergy. However, he did say that the tattoos “may just be another thing to make parents feel more【C10】______ when sending their children off to a party or picnic or class trip.”A) separated B) warn C) generally D) negotiatedE) apparently F) established G) challenge H) reminderI) confident J) concerns K) potentially L) remindM) temporary N) incentive O) radiant 1．【C1】正确答案：M解析：空格在冠词和代词之间，应为形容词。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷220(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.2 trillion annually, cutting global GDP by 1. 6%. Unaddressed, this will double by 2030.1．What does the author say about some leading-edge companies?A．They operate in accordance with government policies.B．They take initiatives in handling environmental wastes.C．They are key drivers in their nations’ economic growth.D．They are major contributors to environmental problems.正确答案：B解析：细节题。

由题干中的leading-edge companies 定位到文章第一段第一句。

该句指出一些尖端公司主动出击的方法令人鼓舞。

接着下一句具体指出这种做法是使处理环境废物成为一个关键的经济驱动力。

由此可知选项B) 是对原文的同义互换，所以是正确答案。

知识模块：仔细阅读2．What motivates Toyota and Wal-Mart to make commitments to environmental protection?A．The goodness of their hearts.B．A strong sense of responsibility.C．The desire to generate profits.D．Pressure from environmentalists.正确答案：C解析：推断题。

由题干中的commitments to environmental protection 以及题文同序的原则定位到第三段。

大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷229(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Days We Should Keep in Mind. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1.很多年轻人从不会忘记庆祝自己的生日，父母的生日却不知道2.这种现象说明了什么问题，原因是什么3.我们应该怎么做正确答案：Many young people never forget their birthday. They held little parties and receive gifts to celebrate their birthday every year. However, when they are asked about their parents’ birthdays, most of them cannot answer right. There are several reasons which cause this phenomenon. On the one hand, nowadays parents focus very much on their children, but too little on themselves. Many parents celebrate their children’s birthdays when their kids are still very young, maybe only 3 or 4 years old. But parents seldom celebrate their own birthday, and maybe they don’t mention it at all. That’s why young people cannot remember parents’ birthdays. On the other hand, young people focus very much on themselves, but too little on their parents. Sometimes they just think that their parents are not interested in celebrating birthday. Is young people’s birthday more important than their parents’? I don’t think so. The days we should keep in mind are not our own birthday, but our parents’.解析：根据本文的写作提纲，全文思路如下：第一段开门见山，点明现在社会存在的现象：很多年轻人从来不会忘记自己的生日，却连父母的生日是哪天都不知道。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷122(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AToday nanotechnology(纳米技术)is still in a formative phase. Yet it is maturing rapidly. Between 1997 and 2005, investment in nanotech research and development by governments around the world【C1】______from $ 432 million to about $4.1 billion, and corresponding industry investment exceeded that of governments by 2005. By 2015 , products incorporating nanotech will contribute approximately $ 1 trillion to the global economy. Descriptions of nanotech typically characterize it purely in terms of the minute size—assemblies between the size of an atom and about 100 molecular diameters(分子直径). That【C2】______makes it sound as though nanotech is merely looking to use infinitely smaller parts than conventional engineering. But rearranging the atoms and molecules leads to new【C3】______One sees a transition between the fixed behavior of individual atoms and molecules and the adjustable behavior of collectives. Thus, nanotechnology might better be viewed as the【C4】______of quantum theory(量子论)and other nano-specific phenomena to fundamentally control the properties and behavior of matter. The second stage, which began in 2005, focuses on active nanostructures that change their size, shape, conductivity or other properties during use. New drug-delivery particles could release therapeutic(治疗的)molecules in the body only after they reached their【C5】______diseased tissues. Electronic components such as transistors and amplifiers with adaptive functions could be reduced to single, complex molecules. Starting around 2010, workers will【C6】______expertise with systems of nanostructures, directing large numbers of intricate components to specified ends. One application could involve the guided self-assembly of nanoelectronic components into three-dimensional circuits and whole devices. Medicine could employ such systems to improve the tissue compatibility of implants, or perhaps even to build【C7】______organs. After 2015-2020, the field will include molecular nanosystems. Whereas biological systems are water-based and markedly temperature-sensitive, these molecular nanosystems will be able to operate in a far wider range of environments and should be much faster. Computers and robots could be reduced to 【C8】______small sizes. New interfaces linking people directly to electronics could change telecommunications. Over time, therefore, nanotechnology should benefit every industrial sector and health care field. Nanotech does, however, pose new challenges to risk governance as well. Internationally, more needs to be done to collect the scientific information needed to resolve the【C9】______and to install the proper regulatory oversight. Helping the public to【C10】______nanotech soberly in a big picture that retains human values and quality of life will also be essential for thispowerful new discipline to live up to its astonishing potential.A)ingenious I)cultivateB)properties J)targeted G)ambiguities K)perceiveD)soared L)depictionE)extraordinarily M)illuminateF)artificial N)compulsoryG)indignation O)applicationH)instantaneously1．【C1】正确答案：D解析：由空格后的from $432 million to about $4．1 billion可知，世界各国政府对纳米技术研发的投资从1997年的4．32亿美元猛增到2005年的41亿美元。

大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷22(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.Rise of Civilizations and Empires Historians often write of world history in terms of the development of civilizations defined by a characteristic empire. What defines an empire and what does the building of empire suggested? The regions of Mesopotamia, Egypt(the Nile Valley), and the Indus Valley are three rich areas for studying how people and ideas come together to create civilizations and empires. Imagine three spaces that are sparsely populated, yet well watered and fertile, in a time before written history. Two are river valleys, another lies between two rivers forming a rich plain. Imagine that humans settle in these regions and domesticate plants and animals. The domestication made possible by these river territories and the success of that domestication —farming and grazing —lure increasingly greater human and animal migration to these spaces. As these populations increase, so do their needs. These needs give rise to the social and political economic formations that characterize the ancient urban spaces and states of Mesopotamia, the Indus and Nile valleys. Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Indus Valley civilizations are noted for their dense populations, urbanization processes, and cultural innovation. These elements are tied to the growth of commerce and broader cultural interaction. That is, as empires these civilizations can be thought of as collections of peoples, goods, and ideas whose existence and dynamism were built on movement and exchange. The initial formation of these civilizations is based on the movement of peoples into the river valleys and plains. They often described their environments as god-like and characterized their nearby rivers as life-giving. The transformation of these valleys and plains into places capable of physically nurturing the various peoples who moved into them was one of the first acts of cultural innovation and exchange. The use of these valleys’soil and water was signs of innovation and exchange. For the Mesopotamians, the key to making the land fertile was the technology of irrigation. In fact, irrigation became the key feature of the civilization. As a result of the need for irrigation, religious and legal codes in many Mesopotamian societies focused on water use. Egypt and the Nile Valley civilizations were defined by the rich alluvial soils(冲击土)that annual floods deposited along the Nile banks and in the delta and flood plains. The use of water and the timing of flood seasons gave rise to a number of technological innovations, such as the calendar. These cultural and technologicalinnovations also guaranteed the growth of large populations and increased the possibility that some of those populations would be located in central urban centers. These societies’agricultural and ecological technologies drew immigrants and travelers who often brought foods and ideas that contributed to the culture of these civilizations. The ability of these areas to sustain population —an ability that can be thought of as a richness—attracted more peoples. Some of these people entered the areas peaceably. Others used force to maintain or expand geographic and cultural spaces, indicating imperial activity. An interesting pattern emerging here in some urban centers was constructed to protect against invading forces, and seen in the walled settlements of the Indus Valley and early Mesopotamia. However, as much as these walled settlements repelled invaders, they also attracted them. The river valleys and the plains, and their agricultural richness, supported the formation of cities. The cities became emblems of their respective empires and either allowed for the extension of the empire or resisted the threats of other powers. The historical activities of the Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and Egypt indicate that various peoples moved in and out, contested the regions’ spaces, and sought to control other peoples, their goods and their resources. This interaction had profound consequences on how those involved thought about themselves and each other. Their ideas were tested, challenged, and in many instances, changed. These regions’ cities probably were seen as symbols of wealth; therefore, groups in and outside of the region often sought to control them. Richness is understood as the population’s ability to produce goods and services in quantity not just agriculture, but skills such as metal working, pottery, or commerce. Thus, richness in population meant surpluses allowed the cities and the areas they controlled to support a ruling and administrative class, and maybe an army. Frequently, product surpluses were exchanged, providing wealth for the area and drawing other peoples to it. The Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and Egypt all experienced the results of a rich and productive population. New language patterns, such as the early substitution of the Akkadian tongue for Sumerian, demonstrate the innovations encouraged by movement and exchange. The gathering of peoples, languages, and cultures was part of the creation of a world view, though, a limited one. By 700 BC, the extent of the Assyrian Empire literally limited it to the activities of the Egyptian quest for empire status. That linkage can be expressed as interaction and exchange. Diplomatic exchange as well as military struggle resolved conflict over the empires’boundaries and areas of control. Marriage was a highly visible form of diplomacy and amounted to an exchange between ruling families that linked them politically and economically. These arrangements often resulted in the cessation of hostilities, greater regional stability, and greater economic exchange. Marriages across the ruling classes of these societies offer one way to conceptualize the world. Political marriages and royal hostages both provided for the sharing of culture across religious and ethnic divisions and differences that may well have contributed to humankind’s history. Movement and interaction also are seen in the clash of armies, which may have meant technological and cultural innovation. For instance, many historians believe that the clash between the Hyksos and Egyptians resulted in the exchange of important military innovations for the Egyptians. Throughthis conflict, the Egyptians discovered the advantages of iron weaponry over bronze and the superiority of the chariot(二轮战车)as an assault weapon. Within the movement and exchange that epitomized(集中体现)the Indus, Meso-potamian, and Nile civilizations, rising empires imposed a stability that occasionally resulted in greater interaction between states and peoples because of the inherent security of the empire. The most striking example of this greater interaction is trade. Many scholars argue that the collection of peoples in certain areas and changes in demographic(人口的)concentration are related to patterns of trade. Urban growth can be explained by looking at the spaces where trade was possible and the ways in which that trade might have drawn together people and their goods or services. Those spaces necessitated some authority to provide order and security. The goods and security offered by these urban spaces lured the merchants not only to travel from place to place carrying goods and ideas but also often to become residents in distant places, establishing new communities within communities. At times, some of these merchants served as ambassadors. They presented information that was important to maintaining good relations between their home societies and those they adopted through trade. We might select any of the remarkable points of these three areas and see them replicated in some form across the others. The reason for this replication, and its differences, reiterates(重申)that the establishment of empires, and the civilizations they represented, was not the creation of discrete imperial space so much as a way of ordering interaction between possible discrete spaces. The structures of these civilizations—these empires, states, cities —did not stop the interaction and the flow of goods, people, and ideas. On the contrary, they encouraged it. That encouragement resulted in the earliest formations of what has been called the Afro-Eurasian Old World —the interaction between the Indus, Mesopotamian, and Nile river systems.1．Which of the following is a remarkable feature of Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Indus Valley civilizations?A．Fertile soil and abundant water resources.B．Sparse population.C．Broader cultural interaction.D．Cultural innovation.正确答案：D解析：第一句说这三大文明以其人口密集、城市化进程和文化创新而闻名。

大学英语六级改革适用（长篇阅读）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.5 million of them, according to estimates by some environmental groups. “We’ve had a slow year because of the global economy,” Zeitz says. “But our industry is poised(做好准备的)to recover quickly.”[D]The clean energy economy accounted for about 770,000 jobs in 2007, according to a recent study from the Pew Charitable Trusts. But job boards might soon be populated with openings for environmental engineers, construction managers, hydrologists, architects, and interior designers with green building training, as well as for directors of environmentally focused nonprofit groups.Best-Paying Green Jobs[E]Not all of these jobs will pay top salaries. Many of the new green-collar jobs will be taken by blue-collar construction workers. BusinessWeek teamed up with to determine the highest-paid green jobs. Wind turbine technicians, maintaining and repairing wind turbines, who earn a median pay of $53,600, ranked 12th on our list of 21 jobs. Environmental engineering managers, who typically earn $103,200, topped the list. Their responsibility is to oversee a team of environmental engineers and develop projects involving land conservation, and water and air quality.[F]You won’t necessarily need a science degree to land a green job. Environmental companies will need secretaries, administrators, and public relations specialists. And construction companies will need workers to install energy-efficient boilers, windows, and insulation. “We project that about a million jobs will come out of the stimulus investment,” says Phil Angelides, chairman of the San Francisco-based Apollo Alliance, a coalition of labor, business, and environmental groups that advocates for clean energy.A Green Recovery?[G]”It’s inevitable, as the money really starts to flow into infrastructure programs, particularly green projects, there will be job growth here over the next year,” says John Challenger, chief executive officer of Challenger, Gray & Christmas, a global outplacement company based in Chicago.[H]The Obama Administration is looking to health care and green jobs to help drive the job recovery. According to the Pew study, green jobs grew by 9.1% from 1998 to 2007, nearly two and a half times faster than the overall job market. And the growth will likely accelerate because of growing consumer demand, venture capital infusions(资本输入), and government reforms, the report concluded.[I]In a July 15 column in The Seattle Times, Van Jones, special advisor for green jobs at the White House Council on Environmental Quality, identified some green projects getting stimulus funding, starting with a $5 billion investment to make America’s homes more energy-efficient. Among the other projects: $44 million to extend light rail from Seattle’s downtown to the University of Washington, energy-efficient renovations(翻修)to four public housing high-rises in Minneapolis, and hundreds of millions of dollars of investments in clean energy generation and conservation at veterans hospitals.Incentives for Growth[J]William Bogart, economics professor and dean of academic affairs at York College of Pennsylvania, is skeptical of the plan. He doesn’t doubt that it will create jobs, but he’s concerned that it isn’t an efficient way to spend money and that government’s decisions on which companies get funding could be influenced by politics, especially since the definition of a “greenjob”is subjective. “If what you’re concerned about is carbon emissions, then you should tax carbon,” Bogart says. “When the relative price of oil and coal compared to hydro, wind, and nuclear goes up, it makes noncar-bon energy more appealing. Economically, it’s the same effect.. .but you’re doing it in a way that preserves flexibility and individual opportunity.”[K]Robert Pollin, an economist at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst who is consulting with the Energy Dept. on the implementation of the green jobs plan, said much of the $80 billion is made up of loan guarantees and other incentives(刺激)to encourage private investments, rather than direct government spending. The incentives are designed to attract private investment, which could add up to as much as $180 billion, Pollin estimates.[L]”If you look at the stimulus program, it’s the first time serious money has been put behind the idea that investing in the environment is good for jobs,”Pollin says. “Only a couple of years ago, the dominant idea was that protecting the environment was bad for jobs.”Going Where the Wind Blows[M]Kristjon Luetgers, 24, a wind turbine technician who graduated from the Iowa Lakes Community College program two years ago, is optimistic about his future. He’s trying to convince friends to follow his lead.[N]Luetgers travels around North America fixing wind turbines for Vestas(VWS.CO), a Danish wind power systems company. Currently based in Alberta, Canada, he earns about $60,000 a year with overtime, and he loves working outside.[O]”I’ve been on the road for two years, and I love it,” Luetgers said. “It’s a very progressive industry. Not only the fact that we’re helping the environment, but we technologically advance each year. It is a very good industry to be in even in a slow economy.”1．Those landing a green job don’t necessarily have to take a science degree.正确答案：F解析：根据题干中的线索词landing a green job，don’t necessarily和a science degree将本题出处定位于[F]段第1句。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷244(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection CI have worked with so many people over the years that have made me wonder how on earth they can work at their desk when everything that was in their drawers and in their filing cabinets has ended up in piles on top of their keyboard One co-worker of mine couldn’t remember what colour the top of his desk was! I had to say something, but when I did, he told me that he knew where everything was and needed all that paperwork for different projects he was working on. Some study suggests that about 15% of our time is wasted on looking for misplaced files and paperwork at the office. People get really defensive when you tell them that their desk is a mess. They say that they don’t have time to clean up, as they are too busy. And if they would file certain items they would forget to work on it and would therefore miss the deadline. Hence, first things first, get yourself some folders and a black marker. Take every piece of paper on your desk one by one and file them. Make sure that everything you need to do with these papers is written down on a “to-do” list or even better in your computer organiser. For example, if you have to work on your budget next Monday, write down “work on budget”in your computer organiser so that when Monday comes, your computer will send you a reminder that you need to work on your budget today. Then file that paper in a folder named “budget”. Put that folder away—not on your desk!! But in your filing cabinet. Proceed this way with every bit of information that clutters your desk. Do not get distracted by a form that reminds you that you need to do something. Instead, jot it down on your “to-do” list or in your organiser. You won’t forget it as it has been written down. File it and move on. Keep focused. Only do one thing at a time for the moment and that is to organise and clean your desk.1．By mentioning his co-worker couldn’t remember the color of the desk top, the author implies that______.A．the color of the desk top was too trivial to rememberB．people were always kept too busy with office workC．people always misplaced their files and paperworkD．disorganized office was hard to tolerate正确答案：C解析：题干是首段第2句的内容，是对该段首句“抽屉及文件柜里的东西最终在他们的键盘上堆积成山”的进一步举例说明，作者举这个极端的例子意在暗示“人们总是胡乱堆放文件(以至文件遮住桌面)”，因此C为本题答案。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷223(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That's partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve those goals. What's far less understood by scientists, however, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting. Newspapers relay daily accounts of goal-setting prevalent in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street , yet there has been surprisingly little research on how the long-trumpeted practice of setting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis , and unethical(不道德的) behavior in general. "Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors," says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penn's Wharton School. "It turns out there's no economic benefit to just having a goal—you just get a psychological benefit" Schweitzer says. "But in many cases, goals have economic rewards that make them more powerful." A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable. Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. It prompted employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis. Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team's use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribed. In a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. Edwin Locke writes:" Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot thrive without being focused on their desired end results any more than an individual can thrive without goals to provide a sense of purpose. " But Schweitzer contends the "mounting causal evidence" linking goal-setting and harmful behavior should be studied to help spotlight issues that merit caution and further investigation. "Even a few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects," he says. "Goal-setting does help coordinate and motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful oversight, a strong organizational culture, and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harm the organization," Schweitzer says.（分数：10.00）(1).What message does the author try to convey about goal-setting?（分数：2.00）A.Its negative effects have long been neglected. √B.The goal increase people's work efficiency.C.Its role has been largely underestimated.D.The goals most people set are unrealistic.解析：解析：试题问的是作者试图传达与目标设定相关的什么信息。