句子（一）
简单句五种基本句型歌
根据句子的结构可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句
简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。根据句子的结构，又可分为五种：
1、 S + V. 主语 + 不及物动词。
2、 S + V + O. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语。
3、 S + V + P. 主语 + 连系动词 + 表语。
4、 S + V + IO + DO. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如有这类动词： buy, bring, make , choose, get 可转化为：☻主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + for + 间接宾语
如有这类动词： teach, give, pass, hand(传递), show, offer, sell, lend, take, send 可转化为：☻主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语直接引语转换为间接引语时人称代词转换规律
一从主He said to Tom,“I can help them.”
He said to Tom that he could help them.
二从宾 He said to her,“You can help them.”
He told her that she could help them.
三不变 He said to Tom,“They can help them.”
He told Tom that they could help them.
5、S + V + O + C. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。
三、并列句：常由or, but, and, so for等词将两个简单句连接，表示转折，递进等关系。
四、复合句：（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。
主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。
从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。
复合句（The Complex Sentence）：句子中有一个或一个以上的从句，叫做复合句。复合句可分为：
1).定语从句（The Attributive Clause）； 2).状语从句（The Adverbial Clause）；
3).名词性从句（The Noun Clause包括宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等。
1、宾语从句掌握以下内容： * 引导宾语从句的引导词； * 掌握宾语从句的语序； * 掌握宾语从句的时态一致
2、状语从句
（1）时间状语从句的连词有：when, while, before, after, until (till), since, as s oon as等。
时间状语从句中通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。“主将从现”注意下列几个词的区别：
when: *当……的时候指一点时间,表示短暂性动作 *指一段时间,表示持续性的动作 *什么时候引导宾语从句 while: * 表示持续性的动作或状态 * 具有对比的含义, 意为“然而”
as: 表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,一般与延续性动词连用. “一边…一边…”随着..
As we walked, we talked.
As time went by, we knew each other better and better. （2）原因状语从句 because(因为), since(既然), as (由于), for(因为)
（3）条件状语从句if(如果) unless(除非)
在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时. 结果状语从句 so + 形容词 / 副词 + that such + 名词 + that… such + a (an) + 形容词+ 名词 = so + 形容词+ a (an) + 名词
（5）目的状语从句so that, in order that, (in order to do sth. so as to do sth) （6）比较状语从句as…as… than, not as / so … as…（7）让步状语从句though, although, even though…
定语从句:
【概念】：修饰名词或代词的从句, 放在名词或代词的后面.
名词(人) + who / whom / that + 句子
名词(物) + which / that + 句子
（1）引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用 which 指物, 不用 that. I have lost my bag, which I like very much. （2）关系代词在从句中做主语时,从句动词的单复数形式和先行词保持一致.
Do you know the man who is standing against the door? （3）下列几种情况只能用 that 引导宾语从句:
*先行词是不定代词 all, few,little,much,something,nothing, anything等, 如:
All that we have to do is to practise more. There is nothing that I can do for you.
*先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,如:
The first letter that I got from him is kept well.
*先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰时,如:
I have eaten up all the food that you gave me.
（4）由when, where, why 引导的定语从句
I don’t know the reason why he was late.
This is the place where I have lived for five years.
I’ll never forget the day when I met Mr. Li for the first time.
先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的动词是及物的,就用that (which), 如果动词不及物,就用where引导.
This is the house that he has lived in for five years. This is the house where he has lived for five years.
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. D 10. A 11. C 12.
A 13.
B 14. A15. D 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. C
