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第一讲授课日期: 年 月 日 节课 授课题目：Lesson One Physical Geography of Britain教学目的：了解英国不同名称的含义、地理特征﹑河流和湖泊﹑气候特点及影响气候的因素。
教学重点：英国不同名称的含义、英国的地理特征、 教学难点： 英国的不同名称及组成部分，和英国的地理分布教 学 进 程教学方法及时 复习提问：What do you know about Britain? 导言：In this chapter we will learn the different names for Britain and some general geographic features of Britain新课内容:I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
(1) It is usually known by a shorter name, at the United Nations, for instance, it is referred to as "the United Kingdom", In everyday speech this is often shortened to "the UK"(2 )In other contexts it is referred to as "Great Britain”(3) In writing and speaking that is not especially formal or informal, the name "Britain" is used.(4) The normal adjective, when talking about something to do with the UK, is "British".2.Birtish parts: England, Scotland, Wales; numerous smaller coastal islands; Northern Ireland.(1) Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
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通过不同文体的学习，了解英语各种文体的表达方式和特点，扩大词汇量，同时指导学生学习方法，培养学生逻辑思维能力，丰富学生社会文化知识，增强学生对中西文化差异的敏感性。
教师鼓励学生积极参与课堂的各种语言交际活动以获得基本的语言交际能力，并达到新《大纲》所规定的听、说、读、写、译等技能的要求。
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主要内容包括通过上下文辨认理解难词和推测词义；理解句子的含义，包括句面意思，句子隐含的意思和句间关系；理解段落的意思，包括段落大意，重要信息，段落内部和段落间的关系；掌握全文的中心思想和大意，以及用以说明中心思想和大意的事实，例证和论点；了解作者的态度、观点、意图和感情等等，并对文章做出判断和推理。
第2章美国独立战争2.1 复习笔记I. The Sharpening Contradictions between Britain and the Colonies1. The Situation Before 17632. The Stamp Act and the T ownshend Acts3. The Boston Massacre and Committees of Correspondence4. The Boston “Tea Party”and the “Intolerable Acts”II. The Unity of the ColoniesIII. The Fire of Lexington and the Declaration of IndependenceIV. Progress of the WarV. The Significance of the WarVI. The Confederation and the ConstitutionI. The Sharpening Contradictions between Britain and the Colonies (殖民地与英国的尖锐对立)1. The Situation Before 1763 (1763前的状况)Before 1763, the colonial people had to depend much upon England. However, as the colonies grew in population and wealth, they depended less and less on England.1763年前，殖民地人民非常依赖英国。
然而，随着殖民地人口和财富的增长，对英国的依赖度逐渐减少。
2. The Stamp Act and the T ownshend Acts (印花税和唐森德税法)(1) The Stamp Acta. In 1765, Stamp Act was made. According to this act stamped paper must be used for all legal documents and other articles.b. The people of the colonies rose to oppose it. Facing so much opposition both in America and in England, the Parliament had to repeal the Stamp Act in 1766.(2) Townshend Actsa. All the goods imported into the country must be taxed.b. In 1770, the T ownshend taxes were all repealed except the tax on tea.(1) 印花税a. 1765年，印花税出台。
《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestB. C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war sta rted in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in theNorth America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle To m’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable lifeof the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. Theyare knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and_____ conditions.A. economy/politicalB. social/politicalC. economy/socialD. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.” A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy答案I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18.D 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35.A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D 41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A 51.B 52.B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58.C 59.D 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. D 67. B 68. C 69.C 70.D 71. B 72. B 73. B 74. D 75. DII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-eastare mostly______.2. Welsh is located in the ______ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Among them,the _____ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as ______, which was compiled in _____.8. _____’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.9. ______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to______ million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ______farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported_______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.14. In 1707, the Act of _______ united England and ______.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The former werethe forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied to textileand other machinery.f the world.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “______” o18. During the Second World War ________ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. In 1974 and 1977, the two ______ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _______.21. _______ has Europe’s largest collection of foreign owned chip factories.22. New industries in Britain include______, ______ and other high-tech industries.23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official ______, with its ownleader and “______ cabinet”.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by ______, and his/her official residence is _____.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _____ and ______.26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the _____ of the accused until he has been proved guiltybeyond reasonable doubt.27. The jury usually consists of _______ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and _____persons in Scotland.28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _______.29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to _____, national insurance and ______.30. The two established churches in Britain are ____ and _____.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (______ in Northen Ireland) and_____.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _______, which was replaced by ______.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____centuries.35. In ____, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states.36. In the Great Lakes, only _____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared withGanada.37. _______ is separated from the main land by Canada.38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _____.39. _____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _____.41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the ______ and ________ industry.42. New England is sometimes called the ______ of America.43. _______ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in fivemoves to a new home every year.44. The first blacks were brought to north America as slaves in _____.45. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the ______.II. Fill in the blanks:1. highlands, lowlands2. west3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 10868. Thomas Becket9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, L ord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, districtcouncils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service,social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32.eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the ContinentalDivide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-AmericansIII. Explain the following terms.1. the Hardian’s Wall: I t was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out ofthe area they had conquered.2. Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong king of the wisemen. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons toadvise the king. It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.3. William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 anddefeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year. Heestablished a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.4. the battle of Hastings In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king.William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting.After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.5. Domesday Book Under William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials tocompile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of ageneral survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on JudgementDay.6. the Great Charter King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he wasforced to sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Thoughit has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberities, its spirit was the limitation of theking’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.7. the Hundred Years’ War It referred to the intermittent war between France and England that lastfrom 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimedthe French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English weresuccessful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. Theexpelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.War. She8. Joan of Arc She was a national heroine of France during the Hundred Years’ successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.9. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killedbetween half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended andlabour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.10. the Wars of Roses They referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House ofYork between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the whiteone. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king’s power became supreme. Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she11. Bloody Mary Henry VIII’ｓpersecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is als remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.12. Elizabeth I One of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales andIreland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism andof great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.13. Oliver Cromwell The leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the kingand condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord ofProtector. He ruled England till the restoration of charles II in 1660.14. the Bill of Rights In 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly.The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of parliamentarysupremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses. Thus the age of constitutionalmonarchy began.15. Whigs and Tories It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the rightto religious freedom for Noncomformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchyand were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and becamethe Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.16. James Watt The Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine with rotary motionthat could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Britain during the Second World War. He took over Chamberlain in 1940 and received massive popular support. He led his country to final victory in1945. He was defeated in the general election of 1945, but returned to power in 1951.ed like an18. Agribusiness It refers to the new farming in Britain, because it’s equipped and managindustrial business with a set of inputs into the farm of processes which occur on the farm, andoutputs or products which leave the farm. The emphasis is upon intensive farming, designes to givethe maximum output of crops and animals.19. the British Constitution There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. The BritishConstitution is not set out in any single document, but made up of statute law, common law andconventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interpret statues.20. Queen Elizabeth II The present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and wascrowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.21. the Opposition In the General Election, the party which wins the second largest number of seatsbecomes the offcial Opposition, with its own leader and “shadow cabinet”. The aims of the Oppositio are to contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation, to oppose government proposals, toseek amendments to government bills, and to put forward its own policies in order to win the nextgeneral election.22. the Privy Council Formerly the chief source of executive power. It gave the Sovereign privateadvice on the gov ernment of the country. Today its role is mainly formal, advising the (“privy”)Sovereign to approve certain government decrees and issuing royal proclamation. Its membership isabout 400.23. common law A written law gathered from numerous decisions of the courts and other sources.24. the jury A legal system established in England since king Henry II. The jury consists of ordinary,independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland,and 15 persons in Scotland. In criminal trials by jury, the judge passes sentence but the jury decidethe issue of guilt or innocence.25. the NHS The National Health Service was established in the UK in 1948 and based first on Actsof Parliament. This Service provides for every resident a full range of medical services. It is basedupon the principle that there should be full range of publicly provided services designed to help theindividual stay healthy. It is now a largely free service.26. comprehensive schools State secondary schools which take pupils without reference to abilityand provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district. About 90per cent of the state secondary school population in GB attend comprehensive school.27. public schools Fee-paying secondary schools which are longestablished and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery. The boysfamous schools public schools include such well-known schools as Eton and Harrow, and girls’ include Roedean. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a public school.28. the Great Lakes The Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They areLake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan —— the only one entirely in the U.S. ——Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.29. New England New England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, NewHampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. It is sometimes called the birthplace of America.30. baby boom “baby boom” refers to the great increase of birth rate between 1946 and 1964. Peopleborn in this period are called baby bammers.31. the Chinese Exclusion Act It was passed by the U.S. Congress in may, 1882. It stopped Chinese immigration for ten years.32. the Bill of Rights In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representations a seriesof amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states forratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and became the first ten amendments to the Constitution —— the Bill of Rights.33. the Emancipation Proclamation During the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.34. the Constitutional Convention In 1787, a conference was held in Philadelphia to consider whatshould be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. All the delegates agreed to revise theArticles of Confederation and draw up a new plan of government. After struggle, the Constitution wasratified at last. This conference is called the Constitutional Convertion.35. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding governmentregulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbersof people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.36. the Peace Conference The Peace Conference or the Paris Conference, began on January 18,1919. The conference was actually a conference of division of colonies of Germany, Austro-Hungaryand the Ottoman Empire and the grabbing of as much as possible from the defeated nations. It wasdominated by the Big Four (the United States, Britain. France, and Italy)37. the Truman Doctrine: On March 12, 1949, President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrinein a speech to the joint session of Congress. The Truman Doctrine meant to say that the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fighting against Communism.38. the Marshall Plan On June 5, 1947, the Secretary of State George Marshall announced theMarshall Plan, which meant that in order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion,the United States decided to offer Western European countries economic aid.39. the New Frontier It was the President Kennedy’s program which promised civil rights for blacks, federal aid to farmers and to education, medical care for all and the abolition of poverty.40. checks and balances:The government is divided into three branches, the legislative, the executive and the judicial, eachhas part of the powers but not all the power. And each branch of government can check, or block, theactions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This called “checks and balances”．IV. Answer briefly the following questions.1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain? —— In 55 BC and 54 BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britainsuccessfully. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never atotal occupation. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.2. Why did the William the Conqueror invade England after Edward’s death?—— It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William but the Witan chose Harold as king. SoWilliam led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings,William defeated Harold and killed him. On Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England,thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.3. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?——The Norman Conquest of 1066 isone of the best known events in English history. It brought about many consequences. William confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rulewith a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The churchwas brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civilcourts.4. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?—— The Great Charter, orthe Magna Carta, was document signed in 1215 between the barons and king John. It had altogether63 clauses, of which the most important contents were these: (1) no tax should be made without theapproval of the Grand Council; (2) no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of hisproperty except by the law of the land; (3) the church should possess all its rights and privileges; (4)London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges; (5) there should be thesame weights and measures throughout the country. The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of theChurch and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitationof the powers of the king, but it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties.5. What do you know about the English Renaissance?——Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. It began in Italy in the early 14th centuryand spread to England in the late 15th century. The English Renaissance had 5 characteristics: (1)English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeansunder the influence of the classics; (2) England as an insular country followed a course of social andpolitical history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history else where in Europe; (3) Owning to the great genius of the 14th century poet chaucer, the native literature wasvigorous enough and experienced in assimilating foreign influences without being subjected by them;。
英语专业主要课程简介1E10935, 1E10905综合英语（一）(二)学分：，Integrated English I,II1E10915, 1E10925 综合英语（三）(四)学分：，Integrated English III, IV预修课程: 无内容简介:本课程是一门综合英语技能课, 通过传授系统的基础语言知识（语音、语法、词汇、篇章结构、语言功能等），对学生进行严格的基本语言技能（听、说、读、写、译）训练，培养学生初步运用英语进行交际的能力。
通过不同文体的学习，了解英语各种文体的表达方式和特点，扩大词汇量，同时指导学生学习方法，培养学生逻辑思维能力，丰富学生社会文化知识，增强学生对中西文化差异的敏感性。
教师鼓励学生积极参与课堂的各种语言交际活动以获得基本的语言交际能力，并达到新《大纲》所规定的听、说、读、写、译等技能的要求。
推荐教材: 《综合教程》（1—4册），何兆熊主编，上海外语教育出版社主要参考书:《综合教程》（1—4册，教师用书），何兆熊主编，上海外语教育出版社《英语语音语调教程》，王桂珍，高等教育出版社《College English》，周珊风、张祥保，商务印书馆《College English》，胡文仲等编着，商务印书馆《新编英语语法教程》，章振邦，上海外语教育出版社1E10854，1E10824 英语阅读(一)（二）学分：，English Reading I，II1E10834，1E10844 英语阅读(三)（四）学分：， English Reading III，IV预修课程:无内容简介:本课程主要培养学生的阅读兴趣和良好的阅读习惯，扩大词汇量，拓宽文化视野，提高人文素质。
主要内容包括通过上下文辨认理解难词和推测词义；理解句子的含义，包括句面意思，句子隐含的意思和句间关系；理解段落的意思，包括段落大意，重要信息，段落内部和段落间的关系；掌握全文的中心思想和大意，以及用以说明中心思想和大意的事实，例证和论点；了解作者的态度、观点、意图和感情等等，并对文章做出判断和推理。
Part V Political SystemI. Multiple Choice1. The British Monarchy is __C___.A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2. The _B____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament3. The life of Parliament is fixed at _C____ years.A. fourB. sixC. five4. It is the _A____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. Speaker5. The following are souces of UK law except _____.A. The Statute LawB. Common LawsC. The European Union LawD. The UK Criminal LawII. Fill in the Blanks1. The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II_.2. The vital power lies in the Prime Minister_ and his/her cabinet.3. The British Parliament consists of three elements –the _Crown____, the House of _Lords___, and the House of __Commons___.4. The House of Lords is also called the _Upper____ House, the House of Commons the _Lower____ House.5. The 2 major political parties in the UK are the Conservative_____ party and the Labour party、III. Explain the Following Terms1. The Cabinet2. The Speaker3. Poor LawIV. Answer the Following Questions1. Can you say something about the English Monarchy?2. Which are the major parties in Britain? What are the characteristics of them?美国部分Part I GeographyI. Multiple Choice1. Hawaii is in the ___C__ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific2. The United States today is the _B____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth3. Texas, having belonged to _C____, was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.A. FranceB. RussiaC. Mexico4. __A___ of the America’s territory is covered with forests.A. 1/4B. 1/5C. 1/35. There are _B____ river systems in the U.S.A.A. 8B. 3C. 6II. Fill in the blanks1. The United States is situated in the central _part of _North____ America.2. The U.S. is bounded by _Canada____ on the north and by Mexico _____ and the Gulf of Mexico on the south.3. The eastern_____ part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.4. The most important river in the U.S. is the _Mississippi____River Population and states1. About half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except ___C__.A. Atlantic CoastB. Pacific CoastC. NorthwestD. around the Great LakesE. Gulf of Mexico2. The __B___ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto Ricans3. ____B_ part is the most densely populated region in America.A. The southernB. The northeasternC. The western1.Hawaii____ became the fiftieth state of the United States in 1959.2. New England is located in the __northeastern___ corner of the country.3. From a geographical point of view, the fifty states are grouped into eight regions.10. The lowest point in the whole of North America is __Death___ _Valley____.11. The world-known __Colorado____ _Valley______ _____ lies in northern Arizona, which is cut by the Colorado River.12. The largest island salt lake in North America is the Great Salt____ Lake.13. The United States includes 50_____ states and a _ federal_____ district, the District of Columbia.14. The Declaration of Independence was first read on July 4th, _1776____.15. The two main tributaries of the __Mississippi_____ River are the Missouri River and the Ohio River.16. The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of _Canada____ and the United States.17. Through the middle of the country, north and south, runs a line which is known as the __50centimetre_Rainfall_Line_.18. The South region in America has in general, a warm climate. People often call it the “_Sunny __South__”.19. The largest state, _Alaska____, is famous for its glacier, waterfall and ripples.20. There rises the tendency of shifting the centre of industries from the _south____ to the _west_21. The famous _ Wall____ _Street__is known as the financial centre, the symbol of the American monopoly capitalism.22. _ Broadway ____ is the centre of theatres in America.23. The nickname of Pittsburgh is the Iron___ and __Steel_ City.24. _ Chicago_____ is the second largest in population in the U.S.25. The two youngest states are __Alaska_____ in the northeastern part of America and Hawaii_______ in the central Pacific.26. Most of the inhabitants in the U.S. are of ___ European___ origin.27. Negro slaves were first brought to America at the beginning of the _17th _____ century.28. The Death Valley is 85_____ metres below sea level.29. The population of the United States is about _240/256_____ million.30. The Statue of Liberty Island in ____ New___ __York_ harbour.31. _____Pearl___ _Harbour__ _____ is the base of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S.A.32. __Rhode___ _Island is the smallest state in size and the most densely populated state of the U.S.A.33. From a geographical point of view, the fifty states are grouped into __8___ regions.34. The nickname of Houston City is _ Space _City _.35. _ Hawaii_____ became the fiftieth state of the United States in 1959.36Mississippi___River _ is the longest and the most important river in the system of Gulf.37. The Library of Congress is in the city of _ Washington ____.38. New England is located in the ___northeastern_____ corner of the country.39. The area of the Pacific coast is known for its growth of fruits, vegetables and wheat, especially in ___California_______.40. The Middle Atlantic Region is marked by its industry. It is often called the __ Industrial____ Northeast.III. Explain the Following Terms1. “The backbone of the continent”2. melting potIV. Answer the Following Questions1. Give a brief presentation of the U.S. economy.2. Why is Detroit famous?P art III CultureI. Multiple Choice1 There are over ___A__ universities, colleges and other institutions in the United States.A. 2,000B. 2,500C. 3,000II. Fill in the Blanks1. American children usually begin their school at the age of __6___.2. An elementary school teacher must have a _ bachelor____ degree of arts witha major in education.3. About ___60__ percent of the high school graduates can be admitted by universities or colleges.4. There are four grades in universities. They are freshmen, sophomore_, junior and senior.6. About _1/4____ of all the colleges and universities are private.7. A department consists of faculty members ranging from full professors to __ instructors____.8. The tuition in a _ private______ college is very high.9. VOA Radio Station is in the city of _ Washington ____.10. VOA now sends news to the whole world in __41___ languages day and night.11. Two-year college were or iginally called “_Junior____ colleges”, but now they are called “__ Community___ colleges”.Part IV Social LifeI. Multiple Choice1. The popular kind of family in America is ___A__ family.A. nucleusB. looseC. largeD. blend2. Americans like the following attitudes except B_____.A. informalityB. personal dignityC. equalityD. franknessE. consideration for others3. Thanksgiving Day is originated in _B____.A. EnglandB. AmericaC. ScotlandD. Canada4. The largest Protestant group in America is known as BA. the Latter-day SaintsB. BaptistsC. MethodistsD. Quakers5. Marriage in America is considered __D___.A. more important to the parentsB. a pure religious affairC. rather burdensomeD. a pure individual matter6. ___B__ American young people live independently after marriage.A. HalfB. MostC. Some7. The rate of divorce in America ranks _C____ in the world.A. secondB. thirdC. firstD. fourth8. The black people usually have _C____ family.A. smallB. middle-sizedC. big9. The “senior citizens” in the social centres refer to ___D__.A. high officialsB. professorsC. presidentD. old people10. The popular foods in America include the following except ___D__.A. hamburgersB. hot dogsC. breadD. rice11. People can usually get cheap meals in the following places except _C____.A. snack barsB. cafeteriasC. big restaurantsD. coffee shops12. Dining customs include the following except _D _.A. being polite to ladiesB. not staying too long after dinnerC. being punctualD. using both hands13. Most Americans are _D____ from different countries.A. blacksB. IndiansC. emigrantsD. immigrants14. BLT in America is a kind of _A____.A. sandwichB. sauceC. butterD. vegetable15. Valentine’s Day falls on _C____.A. July 4thB. March 21stC. February 14th16. On Easter Sunday people usually have lamb and ham as their maigogoymbol of ___A__.A. good luckB. the sacrifice of ChristC. the tomb from which Christ rose17. American Independence Day fall on ___A__.A. the 4th of JulyB. October 31stC. March 20th18. Halloween is a __B___.A. summer festivalB. night-time festivalC. sweethearts’ holidayD. pilgrims holiday19. Over _B____ of all American religious people are Protestants.A. halfB. three fifthsC. two thirds20. In Protestantism there are about ____D_ principal groups.A. 40B. 50C. 60D. 3021. There are two major denominations in America which are the result of native developments. They are the following except _C____.A. Christian ScienceB. MormonismC. UnitariansD. both A and B22. The characteristics of the American religion are the following except __D___.A. wide variety of denominationsB. emphasis on social problemsC. separation of church and stateD. unity among the churches23. In the US about ___A__ of all the property is in the possession of one-tenth of the population.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds24. Urban Hermits refer to C_____.A. people who live in the remote placesB. people who live in mountains and forestsC. shopping-bag ladies in big cities25. A hamburger is usually made from _A____.A. beefB. porkC. combination of beef and pork26. In America snack bars and coffee shops are usually __A___.A. cheapB. expensiveC. formal27. The outstanding characteristic of American society is the diversity of _C____.A. climateB. industryC. people28. Sometimes two couples go out together. This is known as _C____.A. steady datingB. casual datingC. double datingD. blind dating29. The popular American belief is _B____.A. part-time workingB. self-made manC. manual labour30. White-collar workers _____.A. have higher reputationB. get higher payC. may earn less than blue-collar workersD. both A and C31. The black people usually have a __B___ family and 1/3 of which are controlled by women.A. nucleusB. bigC. looseD. middle-sizedII. Fill in the Blanks1. A person who is employed to take care of children for a specific length of time while the parents are out is called a baby sitter2. The rate of divorce in America ranks first in the world.3. A family composed of a father, a mother and two children is considered the nucleus family.4. In order to solve the problem of the loneliness and uselessness for the aged, many communities and church group sponsor social centres which are called _senior citizens____ centres.5. Today over __40___ percent of all married women are active in community affairs.6. A hamburger is a kind of sandwich made with ground beef that is fried and put into a bun.7. A cheese burger is a hamburger with melted _cheese___.8. The coffee without cream or sugar is called _black____ coffee.9. To any black, the old term “_nigger____” by which he is addressed is considered a great insult.10. Because of the existence of the nucleus family some of the old men and women suffered greatly from __loneliness___.11. In the 1960’s the “_new____ _morality____” appeared among young people,such as living together before marriage.12. _Coffee____ is the most popular American drink.13. The most typical and true national holiday in the US is _Thanksgiving____ _Day____.14. Americans have great admiration for the _self-made____ man.15. American children suffer most for their parents’ _divorce____.16. The American’s favourite meat is steak_____.17. The peculiarity of American history made the American spirit of _do-it-yourself____ come into being. This spirit is reflected in many aspects of American life.18. The fact that many citizens take drugs – heroin makes _New____ York_____ the “City of Heroin”.III. Explain the Following Terms1. Thanksgiving Day2. Halloween3. do-it-yourself4. City of HeroinIV. Answer the Following Questions1. What day in the US is the birthday of the nation?2. Who was Martin Luther King?3. What is the meaning of the saying “trick or treat”?4. What does Easter Sunday celebrate?5. What is the biggest and best-loved holiday in the US?Part V Political SystemI. Multiple Choice1. The Judicial Branch is headed by _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. CongressC. President2. The general election in America is held every _____ years.A. 5B. 4C. 6D. 33. The symbol of the US Democratic Party is _____.A. donkeyB. elephantC. eagle4. _____ has the sole right to interpret the Constitution.A. The CabinetB. The Supreme CourtC. PresidentD. Congress5. The symbol of the US Republic Party is _____.A. tigerB. elephantx6. The political system of the US is based on the following except _____.A. federalismB. the constitutional monarchyC. the separation of powersD. respect for the constitutionE. the rule of law7. The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executive8. The number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on _____.A. the size of the areaB. the size of the populationC. the traditionD. the wealth9. The Democratic Party of America was founded in _____.A. 1845B. 1828C. 178710. There are _____ departments in American Government.A. 13B. 14C. 1511. The law-making or the legislative body in the government is _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. the CongressC. the CabinetD. the president’s committee12. All states in America have the legislative branch of two houses except the state _____.A. NebraskaB. NevadaC. Oregon13. In each state there are about _____ counties on average.A. 30B. 50C. 6014. The members in the Senate must be at least _____ years old and those in the Representative _____ years old.A. 40, 30B. 30, 26C. 30, 2515. The tenure of office of federal judges is _____ years long.A. 8B. for lifeC. 516. The Democratic and the Republican Parties gradually lost their differences after _____.A. 1865B. 1860C. 187017. There are _____ presidential electors for all the states.A. 535B. 100C. 538D. 43518. The Federal Government and the states governments are supposed to _____ each other.A. guideB. controlC. keep independence from19. If the president wants to put a treaty into effect, he has to get the approval by two thirds of the _____.A. SenateB. CabinetC. CongressII. Fill in the Blanks1. Only the ___Supreme Court___ has the right to interpret the constitution.2. There are _435____ voting members in the House of Representatives.3. Each of the fifty states of US elects __2___ senators.4. There are __9___ judges in the Supreme Court of America.5. The first ten amendments added to the constitution in 1791 was called the ____Bill of Rights_ _____ _____.6. The Federal Constitution consists of __7_____ articles and ___26__ amendments.7. The balance is always kept among the three branches of the power of the government and this is called the “System of __Checks___ and _Balances____”.8. The __ Constitution____ determines the government and divides the power of the government into three branches.9. The official presidential residence is the ___White__ ___House__.10. ___ Impeachment____ is the only way in which the president can legally beremoved from office.11. In 1974 President ___Nixon____ was impeached and he resigned his office before a trial could take place.12. The parties in the US choose all their candidates for election, except for president, as “____primary election_____”.13. In American history ___4__ presidents have been assassinated.14. The president who was first assassinated in 1865 was _Abraham___ Lincoln_____ _____.15. The American Congress is made up of two houses: the _Senate____ and the House of _Congress____.16. In the US the chief function of _Anti____ is to make laws.17. The Democratic Party grew out of the _Federalism____.18. There are __12___ persons in the Jury.19. There are __100___ members in the Senate.20. The head of he House of Representatives is called the __Speaker___.21. According to the Constitution_____, the president should be a citizen born in the US territory.22. The two main parties are the Democratic and the _Republican____ III. Explain the Following Terms1. FBI2. The President-electIV. Answer the Following Questions1. What is the role of the US congress? What is the criticism of the Congress in the American Press?2. What are the main features of the State government?。
第3章封建制度的衰落3.1 复习笔记I. The First Half of the Hundred Years’ WarII. The Economic Changes and Wat Tyler’s Rising1. The Economic Changes2. Wat Tyler’s RisingIII. The Second Half of the Hundred Years’ WarIV. The Wars of the RosesI. The First Half of the Hundred Years’ War (百年战争的前期)1. T he Hundred Years’ War began in 1337 and ended in 1453. It was a series of wars, with victory now on one side, now on the other.2. T he first half of the Hundred Years’ War saw English loss. Later, black death killed one third of the English people and halted the war.1. 百年战争开始于1337年，结束于1453年。
它指的是一系列的战争，双方都各有输赢。
2. 百年战争的前期，英国处于劣势。
黑死病使人口锐减三分之一，一度中断了战争。
II. The Economic Changes and Wat Tyler’s Rising (经济形势的变化和瓦特·泰勒的起义)1. The Economic Changes (经济形势的变化)(1) Feudalism in England began to decline in the nearly 14th.(2) The vigorous economic progress of the 13th-century petered out early in the 14th century. A natural economy gradually gave way to a money economy.(3) The shortage of labor caused by the Black Death gave a chance for agricultural laborers in villages.(1) 14世纪早期，英国的封建制度开始衰落。
第三部分英国文化Ⅰ. Multiple Choices.1. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to _____.A. private schoolsB. independent schoolsC. state schoolsD. public schools【答案】C【解析】在英国，公立学校是免费的，93%的学生选择公立学校就读。
2. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 _____.A. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.C. cannot receive free education at all.D. cannot receive free education if their parents are rich.【答案】B【解析】英国的现行教育体制中，凡是5到16岁的儿童都有进入学校接受教育的义务，所有的公立学校都是免费的。
3. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examinationcalled _____.A. General Certificate of Education - Advanced.B. General Certificate of Secondary Education.C. the common entrance examination.D. General National Vocational Qualifications.【答案】A【解析】高级水平测试结业证书GCEA（General Certificate of Education-Advanced）又称A-level exams，中学毕业证书考试结束后，希望继续接受大学教育的学生会进入第六年的中学学习，然后再两年后参加A-level考试。
第7章名胜古迹7.1 复习笔记I. Westminster1. Location and area2. Features3. SignificanceII. The British Museum1. Location and constituents2. Builder3. FeaturesIII. Hyde Park1. Location and area2. Origin3. FeaturesIV. The Tower of London1. Location and area2. FeaturesV. St. Paul’s Cathedral1. Features2. OriginVI. WhitehallVII. Buckingham PalaceVIII. Greenwich Royal ObservatoryIX. Madame Tussaud’sX. StonehengeXI. The London EyeI. Westminster (威斯敏斯特)1. Location and area (地理位置与面积)Parliament Square is bounded by Westminster Palace on the east and Westminster Abbey on the south. Westminster covers eight acres and located in the heart of London.国会广场位于威斯敏斯特宫东部，威斯敏斯特教堂南部。
占地8英亩，位于伦敦中心。
2. Features (特点)(1) The palace surprises visitors by the building’s appearance of antiquity. The most popularly symbolic part of the Houses of Parliament is the 315 foot Clock Tower, famous for housing the largest and most “authoritative” clock in the world and for its 13-ton bell, called “Big Ben”.(2) It is the largest Gothic edifice in England.(3) Across Parliament Square stands St. Margaret’s, a 15th-century churchwith the finest stained-glass window in the country and Westminster Abbey. This is where sightseeing in London begins for most travelers. Its principal architectural features are the transepts with aisles;(1) 宫殿因其古老的外表吸引游客。
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be dividedinto and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods:Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxonsand the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1.What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2.What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?----Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 markedthe beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government,and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1.What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2.What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engagedin agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxfordand Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1.What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2.Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of theservice industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teachwhat the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuitionfees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded thanmost state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of themare regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News ofthe World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation ’ s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded asa” melting pot” and a” salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrantscame in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at thesame time keep their distinct culture and customs.2． What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America ’s ecurity and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’ s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon ’ s-knownwell contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’ s economic program?Reagan’ s economic program ledcal for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government ’roles in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’ smore, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore,they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruitof victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “ checks and balances ” , the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or nationallaws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms ofpolitical opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rightslaws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedomand demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice ofabortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas aboutthe American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American ’economics development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late20thcentury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America ’ s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country ’economics development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the newworld , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
《英美概况》练习题Exercises for the Introduction to the English-speaking Countries《英美概况》习题集School of Foreign LanguagesShanghai Institute of Technology前言按照教育部21世纪我国高等学校非英语专业人才的培养目标和规格要求，作为非英语专业的菜单课, 《英美概况》课程教学内容的学习目标是:在打好扎实的英语语言基本功的前提下，要求拓宽学生的人文学科知识，扩大知识面，对西方地理概貌、历史背景、政治制度、经济概况、科学技术、文化传统、体育娱乐、宗教信仰、风俗习惯及社会生活等方面的基本知识, 有助于学习者了解英美的思维方式、价值观念及生活方式等有较全面的了解，其中重点是对英国和美国情况的掌握和了解，同时也贯穿其它英语国家的介绍。
学生在学习本门课程后，可以增强对英语国家尤其是英美国家地理、风土人情、政治经济、宗教文化等方面的了解，可以更好地掌握和运用英语语言，提高英语阅读能力，并且通过语言学习和文化了解的结合，能够正确恰当地使用英语进行交际，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性和宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性，从而提高学生跨文化交际的能力。
本课程以教师的“导游”为主，要求学生这些“游客”对相关的知识进行阅读、探索，并利用互联网查询相关的知识，并在课堂上进行专题发言，达到与同学互相交流信息。
在每章节讲授之后，以课件的形式给学生列出各章节的课外作业与思考题。
这就要求学生除了在课堂上认真地听课并做好课堂笔记之外，课外还需阅读有关的必读书目，认真完成所布置的课外作业与思考题，以达到使学生对所学的新知识与新内容能够进一步地消化与巩固的效果的同时，提高阅读速度。
传统的《英美概况》教材的最大特点是集知识性、系统性和科学性于一体, 但却是针对英语专业的学生编写的。
其篇幅长，内容多，涉及面广，生词量大，而我院的非英语专业学生的英语水平相对薄弱，由于缺乏社会阅历，对课文涉及的很多内容如经济、政治等常常是一知半解，难以深入领会难以适应。
第4章政党和选举4.1 复习笔记I. Parties and the two-party system1. The development of two-party system2. The Conservative Party3. The Labour Party4. The Social Democratic Party5. The Liberal Party6. The Communist PartyII. ElectionI. Parties and the two-party system (政党及两党制度)1. The development of two-party system (两党制的发展)(1) The division into two parties grew out of the establishment of a Protestant Church of England in the 16th century.(2)The non-Puritan Anglicans were on the side of the King and Church, which were later called “Tories”, the Puritans were for Parliament and trade, which later refers to “Whigs”. In the 17th century the two-party system began.(3) The Tories did not appear on the political scene until 1760. The Tories andthe Whigs were alternately in power for a long time.(4) In 1860s the Whigs became Liberals. From that time the Liberals and the Conservatives were alternately in office until 1922.(5) The Labour Party was formed by the trade unions, the Independent Labour Party and the Fabian Society in 1900.(6) After 1922 the Labour Party gradually replaced the Liberal Party to become one of the two major parties in Great Britain. Now the two parties(Conservative and Labour) are regularly in power by turns.(1) 两党制的发展始于16世纪的新教国教的建立。
张奎武《英美概况》(第4版)笔记和课后习题详解目录•课程简介与学习指南•英国篇：历史、文化与社会•美国篇：历史、文化与社会•英美政治制度与外交关系•英美经济发展与贸易合作•科技、教育与文化交流01课程简介与学习指南03学术研究的价值本课程对于英语语言文学、历史学、社会学等相关学科的学术研究具有重要价值。
01英美文化的重要性作为世界文化的重要组成部分，英美文化对全球产生了深远影响。
02跨文化交流的需求随着全球化进程的加速，了解英美文化对于提高跨文化交流能力具有重要意义。
《英美概况》课程背景1 2 3第4版教材在保留原有经典内容的基础上，增加了近年来的新变化和新趋势，使内容更加贴近现实。
教材内容更新教材按照历史、政治、经济、文化等多个主题进行编排，每个主题下又有详细的子主题，方便读者查找和阅读。
结构清晰明了教材中包含了大量的图片、表格、地图等辅助材料，帮助读者更加直观地理解相关内容。
丰富的辅助材料第4版教材特色与结构01020304提前预习和复习积极参与课堂讨论多渠道获取信息注重实践应用学习方法与建议在上课前预习相关章节，课后及时复习巩固所学知识。
在课堂上积极发言，与同学和老师交流自己的看法和观点。
将所学知识应用到实际生活和工作中，如参加英语角、模拟联合国等活动，提高自己的跨文化交流能力。
除了教材之外，还可以通过阅读相关书籍、报纸杂志、观看电影等方式获取更多关于英美文化的信息。
02英国篇：历史、文化与社会英国历史发展脉络古代不列颠早期人类活动、罗马征服与盎格鲁-撒克逊入侵中世纪英国封建制度、百年战争与玫瑰战争近代英国文艺复兴、宗教改革、英国内战与工业革命现代英国两次世界大战、战后恢复与当代社会变革莎士比亚、狄更斯等文学巨匠及其作品文学古典音乐、流行音乐与摇滚乐等音乐英国电影产业与经典影视作品电影与电视泰特美术馆、大英博物馆等艺术与博物馆英国文化特色及影响英国社会现状与特点政治制度君主立宪制、议会制度与政治党派经济状况高度发达的资本主义经济、伦敦金融中心等社会福利与教育国民健康服务、免费教育等多元文化种族、宗教与文化的多样性01030402课后习题详解：英国部分判断题判断与课程内容相关的陈述是否正确选择题针对课程内容的选择题练习简答题对英国历史、文化、社会等方面的简要回答论述题深入分析英国某一方面的具体问题03美国篇：历史、文化与社会早期探险与殖民独立战争与联邦成立西进运动与领土扩张内战与重建美国历史发展脉络分析美国独立战争的背景、经过与结果，以及联邦政府的成立过程。
张奎武《英美概况》笔记及习题（家庭）【圣才出品】第1章家庭1.1 复习笔记I. ImmigrantsII. Nucleus familyIII. Marriage and dateIV. IndependenceV. Situation of senior citizensVI. The position of womenVII. Difference between black and whiteI. Immigrants (移民)1. America has the most immigrants in the world. Of the population of 300 million, more than 16 percent were born in other countries or are the children of at least one foreign born parent.美国有世界上最多的移民。
在3亿⼈⼝中，16%的⼈来⾃其他国家或⽗母有⼀⽅来⾃外国。
2. They have different social customs and personal habits.他们有不同的社会风俗和个⼈习惯。
II. Nucleus family (核⼼家庭)In America, a family is usually composed of a father, mother and two children. The family usually lives independently without elders and relatives.在美国，⼀个家庭通常由⽗母和两个孩⼦组成。
家庭单独⽣活，不与⽼⼈和亲戚⼀起住。
III. Marriage and date (婚姻与约会)1. Young people have their own right to deal with their marriages and are independent of their parents.年轻⼈有权决定婚姻，⽗母不⼲涉。
第4章处世态度4.1 复习笔记I. American Social RelationsII. The American Spirit of “Do-It-Yourself”III. A Popular American BeliefI. American Social Relations (美国社会关系)1. America is characterized by much more informality and less social distinction than many other countries.2. Americans care a great deal about equality and they generally do not like to be considered inferior.3. Americans will be pleased when their accomplishments are talked about, but they seem to be accustomed to showing certain modesty in answer to them.4. Social conventions in America are becoming fewer and fewer nowadays. But still America is a country with certain customs that show consciousness of social distinction.5. Clothing in America reflects, to a certain degree, a person’s social position and income, and especially attitudes of the young people towards the society and towards themselves.6. Customs by which a man shows respect for a woman are still popular in America.7. The frankness of admitting certain weaknesses is another characteristic of the American people.1. 美国以不拘礼节，比其他国家较少的社会差异著称。
第3章体育运动与娱乐3.1 复习笔记I. Sports1. Baseball2. Football3. Ice hockey4. Motor sports5. Other spectator sportsII. Recreation1. Fishing2. Hunting3. Boating4. Swimming5. Skiing6. Tennis7. Golf8. Bowling9. The Olympics10. Other leisure pursuitsI. Sports (体育)The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of form.美国是个热爱体育的国家。
美国的体育形式多种多样。
1. Baseball (棒球)(1) Since the mid-19th century, when baseball was first played as an organized sport, its audiences have grown rapidly.(2) In 1967, when the two major professional leagues—American League and the National League, played baseball, more than 24 million people went to watch the game.(1) 19世纪中期，棒球第一次作为有组织的体育运动出现，观看比赛的观众迅速增长。
(2) 1967年，两个主要的职业联赛—美国联盟和美国棒球联盟吸引了两千四百多万观众观看比赛。
2. Football (足球)(1) Football is most popular in autumn. It is played by almost every college and university in the country.(2) NBA (the National Basketball Association) is the most famous league in America.(3) The NBA comes to its most magnificent period with its brightest star, Michael Jordan who led the Chicago Bulls in winning consecutively three NBAchampions in 1991—1993.(1) 足球在秋天最为流行。
专业课复习指导(20’)1. 复习资料使用说明（参考书目和真题）参考书一共是4本，都是应对英语专业知识考试用的，其中一本是《英美文化基础教程》，对应的考题是英美概况，文学方面有两本参考书，一本是《英国文学作品选读》，另一本是《美国文学欣赏》，语言学方面有一本参考书，《简明英语语言学教程》。
下面给大家详细地讲讲参考书目的使用方法。
《英美文化基础教程》编得比较繁琐，看过一遍后觉得什么都是重点，什么都不是重点，让人摸不着头脑，这就是这本书的不好之处，但是它有课后题，这些题目一定要做，答案在相应的章节都能找到，虽然在近几年都没出过原题，但是这些课后题的知识点还是要掌握的。
这本书还有配套的《英美文化基础教程学习手册》，上面列的东西比较清晰，大家不妨买来看看。
但是，掌握了这本书，要应对考试却远远不够，下面推荐几个我觉得不错的书，大家可以买来看看：1.《英美概况》来安方编，河南人民出版社。
我考研时一个学姐推荐我看这本书的，觉得还不错。
2. 《英美概况(上下)》张奎武，吉林科学技术出版社。
3. 《新编英美概况教程(第2版)》周波麟、C.W.Pollard、June Almes 北京大学出版社(2009-04出版) 4. 《你不可不知道的英语学习背景知识:英美民间故事与民俗(新版)》，郝澎，南海出版公司。
这是一套书，由好几册书组成，内容很多，里面有很多小故事，因为是我们系出这个英美概况题目的老师郝澎编写的，所以我们考研时就把这套书都翻了一遍。
两本文学方面的书都比较薄，里面选择的作家和名篇较少，但就是因为少，所以才凸显了这些出现的名家名篇都是重点中的重点，每个时期前的介绍都要好好看，文学有些选择题会出自这一块，比如讲英国浪漫主义时期前，前面会有一段历史方面的介绍，这部分一定要仔细地看。
掌握了这两本书，要应对考试也还是远远不够的，所以下面我再推荐几本书，以便大家复习：1. 《新编英国文学选读(上，下)》罗经国，北京大学出版社。
《英美概况》习题集——张奎武版英国部分Part I GeographyI. Multiple Choice1. The total area of the U.K. is _____.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary.A. WalesB. ScotlandC. England5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 18017. Psysiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces.A. 13B. 12C. 148. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____.A. north to southB. south to northC. east to west10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. Vale of Eden11. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. SevernB. ClydeC. Bann12. London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short.A. North SeaB. English ChannelC. Dee estuary15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. England16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____.A. CotswoldsB. Oxford ClayC. Pennines17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources.A. 50%B. 38%C. 42%18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____.A. 1964B. 1946C. 169420. Britain is basically an importer of _____.A. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. both A and B21. British farmers produce enough food to supply _____ of the needs of the population.A. 2/3B. 4/5C. 1/222. Britain’s main cereal crop is _____.A. oatsB. cornC. barleyD. rye23. The center of the Britain financial system is _____.A. Bank of EnglandB. Bank of BritainC. Bank of U.K.24. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _____.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes25. “Black Country” refers to _____.A. countryside in EnglandB. an area around BirminghamC. a country in Africa26. The second largest port in Britain is _____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. Liverpool27. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith28. Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _____ B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 30029. The U.K. is rich in the following except _____.A. coalB. ironC. goldD. tin30. The decrease of British population is caused by the following except _____.A. limitation of immigrationB. fall of the birth rateC. fall of death rateD. unemployment31. The proportion of the English in the whole population is _____.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%32. The Queen’s University is in the city of _____.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. Manchester33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except _____.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34. About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 9035. The land available for farming in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland does not exceed _____ million acres.A. 30B. 25C. 4036. The highest mountain in England is _____.A. Mt. MourneB. Mt. SnowdonC. Mt. Seafell37. The second largest city in England is _____.A. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. Manchester38. The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of _____.A. GaelsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons39. Scotland occupies the _____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. western40. By the Act of Union in _____, the name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was adopted.41. _____ has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland42. The _____ End includes Westminster, St. James’ PalaceA. EastB. WestC. North43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. EnglandII. Fill in the Blanks1. The U.K. is situated in _____ Europe.2. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _____ _____ and _____ _____.3. The U.K. consists of England, _____, _____ and Northern Ireland.4. The largest part of U.K. is _____.5. The capital of England and of Great Britain is _____.6. _____ _____ is composed of six Irish counties that elected to remain in the union with Great Britain.7. The name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was replaced by the present name after the 26 counties of Ireland obtained autonomy in _____.8. The highest mountain in Britain is _____ _____.9. The “Backbone of England” refers to the _____.10. Natural gas was discovered in Britain in the _____ _____.11. The most important river is the River of _____.12. The political centre of the Commonwealth is _____.13. Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh lie in _____ _____.14. The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.15. Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____.16. The Bank of England was founded in _____.17. The population of the U.K. is more than _____ million.18. Britain is basically an exporter of _____.19. The population of the U.K. consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the _____.20. In Wales many people speak _____.21. People sing the national anthem in _____.22. The earliest invasion is that by the _____-haired Mediterranean race called the Iberians.23. The modern _____ and _____ are the descendants of the Gaels of the Celtic tribes.24. The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _____.25. Greater London is made up of 12 _____ London boroughs and _____ Outer London boroughs.26. The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of _____.27. The British national anthem is _____ _____ _____ _____.28. The U.K. lies to the _____ of France.29. Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the _____ End.30. River _____ flows through Glasgow.31. Mt. Seafell stands in _____.32. The source of the River _____ is in the Cotswolds.33. The capital city of Wales is _____.34. The United Kingdom is rich in _____, iron, tin, copper, lead and silver.III. Define the Following Terms1. “Backbone of England”2. Greater London3. Celts4. The “Irish Question”IV. Answer the Following Questions1. What are the major factors influencing the British weather characterized by a moderate temperature and plenty of rainfall?2. Why is United Kingdom said to be a trading nation?3. What are the general characteristics of the British economy?Part II HistoryI. Multiple Choice1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. King Arthur was the king of _____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3. The first “King of the English” was _____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th5. In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex7. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _____.A. the King of Denmark and NorwayB. the king of EnglandC. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury8. The _____ invaded England in the earliest time.A. DanesB. IberiansC. RomansD. Celts9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B10. Edward was known as the “_____” because of his reputation for saintliness.A. ConfessorB. ConquerorC. Protector11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512. In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II13. In 1181 Henry II issued the _____ which made it compulsory for every freeman in England to be provided with arms.A. Inquest of SheriffsB. Assize of ArmsC. Doomsday Book14. Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _____.A. Henry IB. Henry IIC. Henry III15. Henry II appointed in 1162 _____ Archbishop of Canterbury.A. Thomas BecketB. Stephen LangtonC. Simon de Mortfort16. Charles I was beheaded in _____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165317. It was _____ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.A. Edward IB. Henry IVC. Simon de Montfort18. The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three19. The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _____.A. Henry TurnerB. Watt TylerC. Richard20. The English Church was strictly _____.A. nationalB. internationalC. regional21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424. The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end27. It was _____ who published the book “The Rights of Man”.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson28. The first Prime Minister was _____.A. WilmintonB. George GrenvilleC. Robert Walpole29. The Parliament of 1265 which is kno wn as the “_____” is considered the “beginning of parliament”.A. All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long Parliament30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism32. Prime Minister _____ resisted any reform that could be resisted.A. PalmerstonB. Robert PeelC. Gladstone33. By the end of the Hundred Years’ War only the port of _____ remained under English rule.A. TroyesB. GasconC. Calais34. In the 14th century took place the _____, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought35. _____ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation for the labour movement of the 14th century.A. John WycliffeB. Watt TylerC. Somerset36. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet37. In the “_____” of 1388 five lords accused the King’s friends of treason under a very expansive definition of crime.A. All Estates parliamentB. Merciless ParliamentC. Model Parliament38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow39. The first Civil War in Britain lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1600, 1604B. 1640, 1644C. 1642, 164640. William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster42. The _____ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.A. Moscow CompanyB. Eastland CompanyC. East India Company43. _____ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.A. John HawkinsB. Francis DrakeC. Diaz44. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45. Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46. In 1337 the hostility between England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’ War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48. England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49. The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry50. From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of _____.A. ToryB. WhigC. Labour51. The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin52. At the End of _____ century, the East India Company was formed.A. 15thB. 16thC. 14th53. The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 176154. In 1689 Parliament passed “_____”, limiting the powers of the crown.A. Habeas Corpus ActB. the Bill of RightsC. Navigation Act55. _____ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves56. The “Peterloo Massacre” took place in _____.A. BirminghamB. LiverpoolC. Manchester57. Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except _____.A. railway strikeB. strike of the postmenC. coal strikeD. strike of the transport58. The Victorian Age was over the _____ began.A. Edwardian AgeB. Georgian AgeC. Elizabethan Age59. The _____ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.A. IndianB. QingC. IrishD. Spanish60. The Great Charter was essentially a _____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61. _____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War62. The Reformation was a product of _____.A. the RenaissanceB. the Chartist MovementC. the Hundred Years’ War63. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon64. The English Revolution marks the beginning of the _____ period of capitalism.A. feudalB. modernC. colonialD. medieval65. By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery66. The Chartist Movement began in _____ and reached its height in _____.A. 1845, 1858B. 1828, 1835C. 1839, 184867. In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _____.A. FranceB. IndiaC. ChinaD. America68. _____ formed a coalition government in 1940.A. Winston ChurchillB. Lloyd GeorgeC. Neville Chamberlain69. By the _____ the British dominions became independent states in all but name.A. Statue of WestminsterB. Locarno TreatyC. Disputes Act70. The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as _____.A. William Shakespeare & Ben JonsonB. Christopher Marlowe & John MiltonC. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells71. Before WWII _____ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reduce tensions thatmight lead to war.A. Neville ChamberlainB. Stanley BaldwinC. Winston Churchill72. During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist countries formed a united international alliance which was called _____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster73. The first coalition government during WWI was organized when _____ was the Prime Minister.A. Lloyd GeorgeB. Herbert AsquithC. Stanley Baldwin74. When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. PolandII. Fill in the Blanks1. At about 3000 BC, some of the _____ settled in Britain.2. About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the _____ built Hadrian’s Wall.3. The real Roman conquest began in _____.4. _____ _____’s “Paradise Lost” was published in 1667.5. Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to _____ Times.6. _____ was considered the first national hero.7. On Christmas Day 1066 Duke _____ was crowned in Westminster Abbey.8. In history John was nicknamed King of _____.9. John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter or _____ _____.10. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _____ Book.11. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.12. The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13. The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.14. Duke William was known in history as William the _____.15. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.16. The English parliament originated in the _____ _____.17 The head of the _____ was Archbishop of _____.18. The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.19. The People’s Charter included _____ points such as universal male suffrage.20. The corrupt Qing government surrendered to Britain and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of _____ in 1842.21. After the Crimean War _____ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.22. The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of _____ _____ rising.23. The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _____ and the _____.24. The Enclosure Movement began in the _____ century.25. By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26. In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.27. The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of _____ companies.28. After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was _____, the English Church was strictly_____.29. Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for which she was called “_____” Mary.30. “Renaissance” means “_____”, i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome.31. During the Renaissance, the thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were called “_____”.32. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.33. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____ system.34. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.35. The greatest English humanist was Sir _____ _____ whose work _____ became a humanistic classic in the world literature.36. English Renaissance began in _____ century.37. The House of _____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.38. During the Civil Wars (1642 – 1648) the supporters of Parliament were called _____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.39. In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.40. The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of _____.41. The first two parties appeared in England were the _____ and the _____.42. The basic point of the People’s Charter is _____ _____.43. In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the _____ _____.44. From 1863 to the end of the century Britain had been carrying a foreign policy of _____ _____.45. The Parliament passed the Act of _____ in 1701, excluding James Catholic son from the succession.46. After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a _____.47. In September 1939 Germany invaded _____, thus Britain and France declared war on Germany.48. The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the _____ century.49. The steam engine was invented by _____ _____ in 1769.50. Samuel Crompton invented the _____ _____ in 1779.51. Edmund Cartwright invented the _____ _____ in 1785.52. Upon the completion of the _____ _____ by 1850 England became the workshop of the world.53. In 1868 the first Trade Union Congress met in _____.54. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____ _____ _____”.55. On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and _____ was formed.56. The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a _____ war because it was not confined only to Europe. It lasted _____ years.57. At the _____ _____ _____, the League of Nations was established and the Treaty of Versailles was signed.58. The _____ _____ of 1926 was Austen chamberlain’s chief claim to fame as foreign secretary.59. On May 7, 1945, _____ surrendered unconditionally.60. It wa s _____ _____ who led the country during the “miracle of Dunkirk”.61. When George I began the Houses of Hanover in 1714, the _____ system was established.III. Explain the Following Terms1. The Norman Conquest2. The Glorious Revolution3. The Chartist Movement4. The Opium War5. The Hundred Years’ War6. Black DeathIV. Answer the Following Questions1. What, in your opinion, are the main causes for the slow growth of Britain’s economy since the Second World War?2. What is the importance Simon de Mortfort hold in British history (with special reference to his role in the creation of the Parliament system)?3. What importance did King Alfred hold in British history?Part III CultureI. Multiple Choice1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _____ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 182. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____” or parallel classes.A. gradeB. formC. streams3. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to _____ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276. There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channel s and by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10. Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11. The second centre of the British press is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12. In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14. The oldest university in Britain is _____.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford15. British newspapers possess the following features except _____.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC. monoplied by one of the five large organizationD. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive16. The earliest newspaper in Britain is _____.A. Daily MailB. Daily TelegraphsC. The TimesD. Guardian17. _____ is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.A. Sunday TimesB. The ObserverC. The peopleD. News of the World18. The most humorous magazine is _____.A. New SocietyB. Private EyeC. PunchD. Spectator19. In the UK there are about _____ dailies and over _____ weeklies.A. 130, 1000B. 200, 800C. 160, 120020. There are _____ national daily newspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays.A. nineB. sevenC. eight21. The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the _____.A. Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. Conservative Party22. The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _____.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. local papers23. BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent public corporation.A. 1922, 1927B. 1292, 1297C. 1822, 182724. The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _____ news agency.A. publicB. governmentalC. localD. private25. The BBC is mainly financed by _____.A. payment from all people who possess TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government26. The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is _____.A. British Broadcasting CorporationB. Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC. Reuters27. Reuters was founded in the year of _____.A. 1518B. 1815C. 185128. The new headquarters’ building of _____ is at 85 Fleet Street, London.A. BBCB. the Press Association Ltd.C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.29. _____ is regarded as the most English of games.A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger30. _____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain.A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball31. _____ “pools” provide amuse ment for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.A. Association footballB. BaseballC. Cricket32. The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world.A. hockeyB. tennisC. netball33. _____ racing is chiefly a betting sport.A. HorseB. BoatC. Dog34. Hurdle or steeplechase racing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax in the Grand National Steeplechase at _____ in March.A. LondonB. EdinburghC. Liverpool35. It was _____ who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain.A. Francis BaconB. Thomas NewcomerC. James Watt36. _____ discovered the circulation of food.A. Francis GlissonB. William HarveyC. George Stephenson37. The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____.A. London, 1660B. Liverpool, 1660C. London, 176038. The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when _____ became its president.A. Robert BoyleB. Issae NewtonC. Francis Bacon39. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.A. IrishB. ScottishC. English40. _____ developed atomic theory in the 18th century.A. John DaltonB. Francis GlissonC. Robert Boyle41. The minor’s safety lamp was invented by _____.A. Francis BaconB. William HarveyC. Humphy Davy42. Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of _____.A. evolutionB. immunologyC. virology43. _____ is considered the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. John Donne44. Big Ben is the nickname of _____.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Sir Benjamin HallC. the 315-foot Clock Tower45. The British Museum was founded in _____.A. 1659B. 1763C. 175346. The British Museum is financed by _____ funds and is managed by a board of 25 trustees.A. GovernmentB. individualC. local47. You could find the world-famous Speakers’ Corner in _____.A. Great RussellB. Hyde ParkC. Westminster Abbey48. _____ is the biggest and most well-known church in London.。
《英美概况》习题集——张奎武版英国部分Part I GeographyI. Multiple Choice1. The total area of the U.K. is _____.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary.A. WalesB. ScotlandC. England5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 18017. Psysiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces.A. 13B. 12C. 148. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____.A. north to southB. south to northC. east to west10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. Vale of Eden11. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. SevernB. ClydeC. Bann12. London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short.A. North SeaB. English ChannelC. Dee estuary15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. England16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____.A. CotswoldsB. Oxford ClayC. Pennines17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources.A. 50%B. 38%C. 42%18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____.A. 1964B. 1946C. 169420. Britain is basically an importer of _____.A. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. both A and B21. British farmers produce enough food to supply _____ of the needs of the population.A. 2/3B. 4/5C. 1/222. Britain’s main cereal crop is _____.A. oatsB. cornC. barleyD. rye23. The center of the Britain financial system is _____.A. Bank of EnglandB. Bank of BritainC. Bank of U.K.24. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _____.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes25. “Black Country” refers to _____.A. countryside in EnglandB. an area around BirminghamC. a country in Africa26. The second largest port in Britain is _____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. Liverpool27. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith28. Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _____ B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 30029. The U.K. is rich in the following except _____.A. coalB. ironC. goldD. tin30. The decrease of British population is caused by the following except _____.A. limitation of immigrationB. fall of the birth rateC. fall of death rateD. unemployment31. The proportion of the English in the whole population is _____.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%32. The Queen’s University is in the city of _____.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. Manchester33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except _____.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34. About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 9035. The land available for farming in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland does not exceed _____ million acres.A. 30B. 25C. 4036. The highest mountain in England is _____.A. Mt. MourneB. Mt. SnowdonC. Mt. Seafell37. The second largest city in England is _____.A. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. Manchester38. The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of _____.A. GaelsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons39. Scotland occupies the _____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. western40. By the Act of Union in _____, the name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was adopted.41. _____ has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland42. The _____ End includes Westminster, St. James’ PalaceA. EastB. WestC. North43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. EnglandII. Fill in the Blanks1. The U.K. is situated in _____ Europe.2. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _____ _____ and _____ _____.3. The U.K. consists of England, _____, _____ and Northern Ireland.4. The largest part of U.K. is _____.5. The capital of England and of Great Britain is _____.6. _____ _____ is composed of six Irish counties that elected to remain in the union with Great Britain.7. The name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was replaced by the present name after the 26 counties of Ireland obtained autonomy in _____.8. The highest mountain in Britain is _____ _____.9. The “Backbone of England” refers to the _____.10. Natural gas was discovered in Britain in the _____ _____.11. The most important river is the River of _____.12. The political centre of the Commonwealth is _____.13. Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh lie in _____ _____.14. The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.15. Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____.16. The Bank of England was founded in _____.17. The population of the U.K. is more than _____ million.18. Britain is basically an exporter of _____.19. The population of the U.K. consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the _____.20. In Wales many people speak _____.21. People sing the national anthem in _____.22. The earliest invasion is that by the _____-haired Mediterranean race called the Iberians.23. The modern _____ and _____ are the descendants of the Gaels of the Celtic tribes.24. The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _____.25. Greater London is made up of 12 _____ London boroughs and _____ Outer London boroughs.26. The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of _____.27. The British national anthem is _____ _____ _____ _____.28. The U.K. lies to the _____ of France.29. Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the _____ End.30. River _____ flows through Glasgow.31. Mt. Seafell stands in _____.32. The source of the River _____ is in the Cotswolds.33. The capital city of Wales is _____.34. The United Kingdom is rich in _____, iron, tin, copper, lead and silver.III. Define the Following Terms1. “Backbone of England”2. Greater London3. Celts4. The “Irish Question”IV. Answer the Following Questions1. What are the major factors influencing the British weather characterized by a moderate temperature and plenty of rainfall?2. Why is United Kingdom said to be a trading nation?3. What are the general characteristics of the British economy?Part II HistoryI. Multiple Choice1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. King Arthur was the king of _____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3. The first “King of the English” was _____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th5. In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex7. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _____.A. the King of Denmark and NorwayB. the king of EnglandC. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury8. The _____ invaded England in the earliest time.A. DanesB. IberiansC. RomansD. Celts9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B10. Edward was known as the “_____” because of his reputation for saintliness.A. ConfessorB. ConquerorC. Protector11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512. In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II13. In 1181 Henry II issued the _____ which made it compulsory for every freeman in England to be provided with arms.A. Inquest of SheriffsB. Assize of ArmsC. Doomsday Book14. Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _____.A. Henry IB. Henry IIC. Henry III15. Henry II appointed in 1162 _____ Archbishop of Canterbury.A. Thomas BecketB. Stephen LangtonC. Simon de Mortfort16. Charles I was beheaded in _____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165317. It was _____ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.A. Edward IB. Henry IVC. Simon de Montfort18. The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three19. The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _____.A. Henry TurnerB. Watt TylerC. Richard20. The English Church was strictly _____.A. nationalB. internationalC. regional21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424. The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end27. It was _____ who published the book “The Rights of Man”.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson28. The first Prime Minister was _____.A. WilmintonB. George GrenvilleC. Robert Walpole29. The Parliament of 1265 which is kno wn as the “_____” is considered the “beginning of parliament”.A. All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long Parliament30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism32. Prime Minister _____ resisted any reform that could be resisted.A. PalmerstonB. Robert PeelC. Gladstone33. By the end of the Hundred Years’ War only the port of _____ remained under English rule.A. TroyesB. GasconC. Calais34. In the 14th century took place the _____, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought35. _____ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation for the labour movement of the 14th century.A. John WycliffeB. Watt TylerC. Somerset36. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet37. In the “_____” of 1388 five lords accused the King’s friends of treason under a very expansive definition of crime.A. All Estates parliamentB. Merciless ParliamentC. Model Parliament38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow39. The first Civil War in Britain lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1600, 1604B. 1640, 1644C. 1642, 164640. William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster42. The _____ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.A. Moscow CompanyB. Eastland CompanyC. East India Company43. _____ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.A. John HawkinsB. Francis DrakeC. Diaz44. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45. Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46. In 1337 the hostility between England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’ War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48. England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49. The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry50. From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of _____.A. ToryB. WhigC. Labour51. The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin52. At the End of _____ century, the East India Company was formed.A. 15thB. 16thC. 14th53. The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 176154. In 1689 Parliament passed “_____”, limiting the powers of the crown.A. Habeas Corpus ActB. the Bill of RightsC. Navigation Act55. _____ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves56. The “Peterloo Massacre” took place in _____.A. BirminghamB. LiverpoolC. Manchester57. Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except _____.A. railway strikeB. strike of the postmenC. coal strikeD. strike of the transport58. The Victorian Age was over the _____ began.A. Edwardian AgeB. Georgian AgeC. Elizabethan Age59. The _____ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.A. IndianB. QingC. IrishD. Spanish60. The Great Charter was essentially a _____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61. _____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War62. The Reformation was a product of _____.A. the RenaissanceB. the Chartist MovementC. the Hundred Years’ War63. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon64. The English Revolution marks the beginning of the _____ period of capitalism.A. feudalB. modernC. colonialD. medieval65. By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery66. The Chartist Movement began in _____ and reached its height in _____.A. 1845, 1858B. 1828, 1835C. 1839, 184867. In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _____.A. FranceB. IndiaC. ChinaD. America68. _____ formed a coalition government in 1940.A. Winston ChurchillB. Lloyd GeorgeC. Neville Chamberlain69. By the _____ the British dominions became independent states in all but name.A. Statue of WestminsterB. Locarno TreatyC. Disputes Act70. The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as _____.A. William Shakespeare & Ben JonsonB. Christopher Marlowe & John MiltonC. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells71. Before WWII _____ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reduce tensions thatmight lead to war.A. Neville ChamberlainB. Stanley BaldwinC. Winston Churchill72. During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist countries formed a united international alliance which was called _____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster73. The first coalition government during WWI was organized when _____ was the Prime Minister.A. Lloyd GeorgeB. Herbert AsquithC. Stanley Baldwin74. When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. PolandII. Fill in the Blanks1. At about 3000 BC, some of the _____ settled in Britain.2. About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the _____ built Hadrian’s Wall.3. The real Roman conquest began in _____.4. _____ _____’s “Paradise Lost” was published in 1667.5. Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to _____ Times.6. _____ was considered the first national hero.7. On Christmas Day 1066 Duke _____ was crowned in Westminster Abbey.8. In history John was nicknamed King of _____.9. John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter or _____ _____.10. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _____ Book.11. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.12. The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13. The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.14. Duke William was known in history as William the _____.15. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.16. The English parliament originated in the _____ _____.17 The head of the _____ was Archbishop of _____.18. The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.19. The People’s Charter included _____ points such as universal male suffrage.20. The corrupt Qing government surrendered to Britain and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of _____ in 1842.21. After the Crimean War _____ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.22. The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of _____ _____ rising.23. The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _____ and the _____.24. The Enclosure Movement began in the _____ century.25. By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26. In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.27. The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of _____ companies.28. After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was _____, the English Church was strictly_____.29. Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for which she was called “_____” Mary.30. “Renaissance” means “_____”, i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome.31. During the Renaissance, the thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were called “_____”.32. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.33. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____ system.34. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.35. The greatest English humanist was Sir _____ _____ whose work _____ became a humanistic classic in the world literature.36. English Renaissance began in _____ century.37. The House of _____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.38. During the Civil Wars (1642 – 1648) the supporters of Parliament were called _____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.39. In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.40. The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of _____.41. The first two parties appeared in England were the _____ and the _____.42. The basic point of the People’s Charter is _____ _____.43. In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the _____ _____.44. From 1863 to the end of the century Britain had been carrying a foreign policy of _____ _____.45. The Parliament passed the Act of _____ in 1701, excluding James Catholic son from the succession.46. After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a _____.47. In September 1939 Germany invaded _____, thus Britain and France declared war on Germany.48. The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the _____ century.49. The steam engine was invented by _____ _____ in 1769.50. Samuel Crompton invented the _____ _____ in 1779.51. Edmund Cartwright invented the _____ _____ in 1785.52. Upon the completion of the _____ _____ by 1850 England became the workshop of the world.53. In 1868 the first Trade Union Congress met in _____.54. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____ _____ _____”.55. On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and _____ was formed.56. The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a _____ war because it was not confined only to Europe. It lasted _____ years.57. At the _____ _____ _____, the League of Nations was established and the Treaty of Versailles was signed.58. The _____ _____ of 1926 was Austen chamberlain’s chief claim to fame as foreign secretary.59. On May 7, 1945, _____ surrendered unconditionally.60. It wa s _____ _____ who led the country during the “miracle of Dunkirk”.61. When George I began the Houses of Hanover in 1714, the _____ system was established.III. Explain the Following Terms1. The Norman Conquest2. The Glorious Revolution3. The Chartist Movement4. The Opium War5. The Hundred Years’ War6. Black DeathIV. Answer the Following Questions1. What, in your opinion, are the main causes for the slow growth of Britain’s economy since the Second World War?2. What is the importance Simon de Mortfort hold in British history (with special reference to his role in the creation of the Parliament system)?3. What importance did King Alfred hold in British history?Part III CultureI. Multiple Choice1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _____ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 182. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____” or parallel classes.A. gradeB. formC. streams3. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to _____ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276. There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channel s and by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10. Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11. The second centre of the British press is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12. In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14. The oldest university in Britain is _____.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford15. British newspapers possess the following features except _____.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC. monoplied by one of the five large organizationD. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive16. The earliest newspaper in Britain is _____.A. Daily MailB. Daily TelegraphsC. The TimesD. Guardian17. _____ is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.A. Sunday TimesB. The ObserverC. The peopleD. News of the World18. The most humorous magazine is _____.A. New SocietyB. Private EyeC. PunchD. Spectator19. In the UK there are about _____ dailies and over _____ weeklies.A. 130, 1000B. 200, 800C. 160, 120020. There are _____ national daily newspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays.A. nineB. sevenC. eight21. The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the _____.A. Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. Conservative Party22. The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _____.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. local papers23. BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent public corporation.A. 1922, 1927B. 1292, 1297C. 1822, 182724. The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _____ news agency.A. publicB. governmentalC. localD. private25. The BBC is mainly financed by _____.A. payment from all people who possess TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government26. The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is _____.A. British Broadcasting CorporationB. Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC. Reuters27. Reuters was founded in the year of _____.A. 1518B. 1815C. 185128. The new headquarters’ building of _____ is at 85 Fleet Street, London.A. BBCB. the Press Association Ltd.C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.29. _____ is regarded as the most English of games.A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger30. _____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain.A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball31. _____ “pools” provide amuse ment for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.A. Association footballB. BaseballC. Cricket32. The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world.A. hockeyB. tennisC. netball33. _____ racing is chiefly a betting sport.A. HorseB. BoatC. Dog34. Hurdle or steeplechase racing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax in the Grand National Steeplechase at _____ in March.A. LondonB. EdinburghC. Liverpool35. It was _____ who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain.A. Francis BaconB. Thomas NewcomerC. James Watt36. _____ discovered the circulation of food.A. Francis GlissonB. William HarveyC. George Stephenson37. The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____.A. London, 1660B. Liverpool, 1660C. London, 176038. The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when _____ became its president.A. Robert BoyleB. Issae NewtonC. Francis Bacon39. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.A. IrishB. ScottishC. English40. _____ developed atomic theory in the 18th century.A. John DaltonB. Francis GlissonC. Robert Boyle41. The minor’s safety lamp was invented by _____.A. Francis BaconB. William HarveyC. Humphy Davy42. Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of _____.A. evolutionB. immunologyC. virology43. _____ is considered the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. John Donne44. Big Ben is the nickname of _____.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Sir Benjamin HallC. the 315-foot Clock Tower45. The British Museum was founded in _____.A. 1659B. 1763C. 175346. The British Museum is financed by _____ funds and is managed by a board of 25 trustees.A. GovernmentB. individualC. local47. You could find the world-famous Speakers’ Corner in _____.A. Great RussellB. Hyde ParkC. Westminster Abbey48. _____ is the biggest and most well-known church in London.。
