2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷

2016年华南理工大学870语言学和英美文学基础知识考研真题(总分240, 做题时间180分钟)Part One术语解释Fundamentals of Linguistics and Literature（外国语言学及应用语言学和英语语言文学考生共答部分）Define the following terms in your own words(每题必答，共20分）1.ArbitrarinessSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:Arbitrariness is one of the design features of language. It refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with. There is no reason, for example, why English should use the sounds /dɒg/ to refer to the animal dog, or why Chinese should use “gou” to refer to the same animal. The relationship between the sounds and their meaning is quite accidental.2.Phatic function of languageSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:Language is used to establish an atmosphere or maintain social contact between the speaker and the hearer. Greetings, farewells,**ments on the weather serve this function. For example, the expressions such as “How do you do?”and “Ah, here you are” do not convey any meaning, but are used to establish a common sentiment between the speaker and the hearer.3.Field of discourseSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:Field of discourse is one of the social variables that determine the register. Field of discourse refers to what is going on: to the area of operation of the language activity. It is concerned with the purpose and subject matter of communication. It answers the questions of “why” and “about what” communication takes place. Field of discourse may be non-technical or technical: shopping, game playing, and a personal letter are instances of nontechnical fields. Technical fields refer to the specialized fields such as a linguist giving a lecture in class and meteorologists talking about the weather. The field of a register determines to a great extent the vocabulary to be used in communication and it also determines the phonological and grammatical features of the language.4.Immediate constituentSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:Linguistic units can be parts of larger constructions and may themselves also be **posed of smaller parts. Using the distribution of components and constructions, we can analyze a sentence considered to be the maximum construction in syntax-into a series ofconstituents-units that make up their larger units next to them. The technique of this approach is to show how small constituents or components in sentences go together to form larger constituents. The constituents could be the subject and the predicate or noun phrases and verb phrases, for example, depending on the theory we use. These constituents can in turn be further analyzed into smaller constituents, such as noun phrases analyzed into an article and anoun. This process continues until no further divisions are possible. The first divisions or cuts are known as the immediate constituents.5.Code-switchingSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:Bilinguals often switch between their two languages or language varieties in the middle of a conversation. This phenomenon is called code-switching. It can take place between or even within sentences, involving phrases or words, or even part of words. A speaker does not necessarily have to follow a particular variety or dialect all the time in the course of communication. He may change from a standard dialect to a nonstandard dialect; he may shift to a subject which requires the occurrence of some special items; he may move from one degree of formality to another. All these linguistic behaviors belong to code switching. There are two kinds of code-switching: situational code-switching and metaphorical code-switching. Situational code-switching occurs when the language used changes according to the situation in which the participants find themselves; they speak one language in one situation and another in a different one. No topic change is involved. When a change in topic requires a change in the language used we have metaphorical code-switching. It has been found speakers bilingual in Swahili and English would use Swahili when talking about education and English when talking about prejudice. The interesting point here is that some topics may be discussed in either code, but the choice of code adds a distinct flavor to what is said about the topic. The choice itself encodes certain social values.6.Carpe DiemSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:Latin for “Seize the day”: take full advantage of present opportunities. A sentiment can be found, for example, in Andrew Marvell's “To His Coy Mistress”, “Had we but world enough, and time, This coyness, lady, were no crime.”7.ProtagonistSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:Protagonist, (Greek “first actor”) refers to the hero or heroine of a drama or narrative.8.HyperboleSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:Hyperbole is overstatement or exaggeration; a typical hyperbole can be seen in Marvell’s “To his Coy Mistress,” line 11-12: “My vegetable love would grow/ Vaster than empires, and more slow” and in Auden, “As I walked Out One Evening,” lines 9-12: “I’ll love you, dear, I’ll love you/ Till China and Africa meet/ And the river jumps ov er the mountain/ And the salmon sing in the street”9.CanonSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:(Greek “a measuring rod, standard”) The books, music and art that have been the most influential in shaping a culture, belong to canon. The western canon is the body of western literature that represents the high culture of Europe and North America, an intellectual tradition ranges from Homer to James Joyce in literature.10.AlliterationSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:Alliteration (from Latin “litera,” alphabetic letter), means the repetition of an initial consonant sound or consonant cluster in consecutive or closely positioned words. This pattern is often an inseparable part of the meter in Germanic languages, where the tonic, or accented syllable, is usually the first syllable. Thus allOld English poetry and some varieties of Middle English poetry use alliteration as part of their basic metrical practice. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, “Sithen the sege and the assaut was sesed at Troye”.问题简答Answer the following questions(每题必答，共40分)11.Do you think animals have language?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:Animals do not have language. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for **munication. Language is human-specific. All human languages have certain characteristics in common and linguists have identified these characteristics as defining features of human language. These features, now called design features, are found utterly lacking in **munication and thus set human language apart from animal cry systems. The following five design features of human language have been identified by the eminent American linguist Hockett: arbitrariness, duality, productivity, displacement and cultural transmission. Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with. There is no reason, for example, why English should use the sounds /dɒg/ to refer to the animal dog, or why Chinese should use “gou” to refer to the same animal. The relationship between the sounds and their meaning is quite accidental. By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level **posed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has itso wn principles of organization. Productivity refers to man’s linguistic ability which enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences in our native language,including the sentences which were never heard before. This feature equips human beings with the ability to **pletely new utterances and ideas. There is no productivity to speak of in animals’ cries. Displacement is a property of language enabling people to talk about things remote either in space or in time. Most animals can **municate about things in the immediate situation, but human beings **municate about things that are absent as easily as about things that are present. Besides, language is culturally transmitted. It cannot be transmitted through heredity. A human being brought up in isolation simply doesn’t acquire language, as is demonstrated by the studies of children brought up by animals without human contact. Animals transmit their cries through heredity, that is, simply from parent to child. The above features are adequate to show that human language is sharply distinguished from **munication systems.12.What is the difference between sentence meaning and utterance meaning?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:A sentence is a grammatical concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied as the abstract, intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of predication. But if we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an utterance, and it should be considered in the situation in which itis actually uttered (or used). So it is impossible to tell if “The dog is barking” is a sentence or an utterance. It can be either. It all depends on how we look at it and how we are going to analyze it. If we take it as a grammatical unit and consider it as a self-constrained unit in isolation from context, then we are treating it as a sentence. If we take it as something a speaker utters in a certain situation with a certain purpose, then we are treating it as an utterance. Therefore, while the meaning of a sentence is abstract, and decontextualized, that of an utterance is concrete and context-dependent. The meaning of an utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in the context.13.What does “Art for Art's Sake” usually refer to?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:The philosophy of “art for art's sake,” insists on art being judged by the beauty of artifice rather than that of morality or reason. Beauty is irrational and amoral, and the aestheticist who worships beauty indulges in excess and exaggeration to flout his age's standards of respectability. The artists and writers of Aesthetic style tended to profess that the Arts should provide refined sensuous pleasure, rather than convey moral or sentimental messages. Predecessors of the Aesthetics included John Keats and Percy Bysshe Shelly, and some of the PreRaphaelites who themselves were a legacy of the Romantic spirit. There are a few significant continuities between the Pre-Raphaelite philosophy and that of Aesthetes:Dedication to the idea of “Art for Art's sake”; admiration of, and constant striving for, beauty; escapism through visual and literary arts; craftsmanship that is both careful and self-conscious; mutual interest merging the arts of various media. In Britain the best representatives were Oscar Wilde and Alger one Charles Swineburne.14.What does the Metaphysical School refer to in English literary history?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:Leading by John Donne, a poet in seventeenth century, whose style is demanding, characterized by learned terms, audaciously far-fetched analogies, and an intellectually sophisticated play of ironies, critics have regarded Donne as the founder of the Metaphysical school, grouped with other poets like Herbert, Crashaw, Marvell, and Cowley. The expression was first employed by critics like Samuel Johnson and William Hazlitt, who found the intricate conceits and self-conscious learning of these poets incompatible with poetic beauty and sincerity. Early in the twentieth century, T. S. Eliot sought to restore their reputation, attributing to them a unity of thought and feeling that had since their time been lost. There was, however, no formal “school” of Metaphys ical poetry, and the characteristics ascribed to it by later critics pertain chiefly to Donne. Like Ben Jonson, John Donne had a large influence on the succeeding generation, but remains a singularity.Part Two专题简评Test for Students of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics（外国语言学及应用语言学考生必答部分）Discuss **ment on the following topics(每题必答，共40分)1.Language is the dress of thought.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:This is the remark from Dr. Samuel Johnson in his book Lives of the Poets. The relationship between language and thought has long been a subject of discussion. There are a wide range of opinions about the general nature of the relationship. It is probably true to say that every possible relation between the two has been proposed by some theorists. To classical theorists like Plato and Aristotle, language is the only outward form or expression of thought. An opposing viewis that language determines thought. According to this view, the categories of thought are determined by linguistic categories. Theorists within this group can be roughly divided into two groups: those who believe that language determines thought and those whothink that thought determines language. Given this, the remark “language is the dress of thought” is not accurate because language to some extent influences thought. There are dramatic vocabulary differences from language to language. In some languages, there may be only a single word for a certain object, creature or concept, whereas in another language, there may be several words, even quite a large number. And the child’s cognitive system is determined by the structure of the language he acquires. Learning a language changes the way a person thinks.2.Ferdinand de Saussure and his contribution to linguisticsSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:Ferdi nand de Saussure is the “father of modern linguistics” and “a master of a discipline which he made modern”. Saussure's ideas were developed along three lines: linguistics, sociology and psychology. In linguistics, he was greatly influenced by the American linguist W.D. Whitney, who was working within essentially the Neogrammarian tradition but raised the question of the sign. By insisting on the arbitrariness of the sign to emphasize that language is an institution, Whitney brought linguistics onto the right track.Following the French sociologist E. Durkheim, Saussure held that language is one of the “social facts”, which are ideas in the “collective mind” of a society and radically distinct from individual psychological acts. In psychology, Saussure was influenced by the Austrian psychiatrist S. Freud, who hypothesized thecontinuity of a collective psyche, called the unconscious.Saussure saw human language as an **plex and heterogeneous phenomenon. Confronted with various aspects of language and different perspectives from which one might approach them, the linguist must ask himself what he is trying to describe. Saussure believed that language is a system of signs. Sounds count as language only when they serve to express or communicate ideas; otherwise they are nothing but noise. To communicate ideas, they must be part of a system of conventions, part of a system of signs. This sign is the union of a form and an idea, which Saussure called the signifier and the signified. Though we may speak of the signifier and signified as they are separate entities, they exist only as components of the sign. The sign is the central fact of language.Saussure exerted two kinds of influence on modern linguistics. First, he provided a general orientation, a sense of the task of linguistics which had seldom been questioned. Second, he influenced modern linguistics in the specific concepts. Many of the developments of modern linguistics can be described as his concepts, i.e. his idea of the arbitrary nature of the sign, langue vs. parole, synchrony vs. diachrony, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, etc. Saussure’s fundamental perception is of revolutionary significance, and it is he that pushed linguistics into a brand new stage and all linguistic in the twentieth century are Saussurean linguistics.3.The differences between traditional grammar and modern linguistics.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:Traditional grammar is usually based on earlier grammars of Latin or Greek and applied to some other languages, often inappropriately. For example, some grammarians stated that English had six cases becauseLatin had six cases. Traditional grammar emphasizes such matters as correctness, linguistic purism, literally excellence, the use of Latin models and the priority of the written language. Although there has been a trend towards using grammars which incorporate more modern approaches to language descriptions and language teaching, some schools still use traditional grammars.Modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar at least in three basic ways. First, linguistics describes language and does not lay down rules of correctness. Linguists are interested in what is said, not what they think ought to be said. So they are often said to be descriptive, not prescriptive. A second important way in which linguistics differs from traditional grammar is that linguists regard the spoken language as primacy, not the written. It is believed that speech came into being first for any human language and the writing system came along much later. Thirdly, traditional grammar is based on Latin and it tries to impose the Latin categories and structures on other languages, while modern linguistics describes each language on its own merits.4.Context and meaning in pragmaticsSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:The notion of context is essential to the pragmatic study of language. It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer. **ponents of shared knowledge have been identified, e.g. knowledge of the language they use, knowledge of what has been said before, knowledge about the world in general, knowledge about the specific situation in which **munication is taking place, and knowledge about each other. Context determines the speaker’s use of language and also the hearer’s interpretation of what is said to him. Without such knowledge, **munication would not be possible, and without considering such knowledge, **munication cannot be satisfactorily accounted for in a pragmatic sense. The meaning in pragmatics is concrete and context-dependent. It is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a creation situation of communication, or simply in a context.分析评论Analyze the language data according to the requirements(每题必答，共50分)Explain the rules and principles underlying the ungrammaticality or inappropriateness involved in the following sentences.SSS_TEXT_QUSTIIt was not until they got accepted into the Project that we found the growing corruption emerged in the past few years.该问题分值: 20答案:There is something grammatically wrong in this sentence. The object clause “the growing corruption emerged in the past few years” should be in past perfect tense. The whole sentence is an emphasizing structure of “not…until” sentence pattern. The meaning o f this sentence is that we didn’t find the growing corruption had emerged in the past few years until they got accepted into the Project. The growing corruption has already occurred at the time when we find, therefore, the clause should be in perfect tense. And because the time when we find was a past point and the time adverbial “in the past few years” is also a clue, the correct form should be past perfect tense. So the sentence should be corrected as “It was not until they got accepted into the Project that we found the growing corruption had emerged in the past few years”.SSS_TEXT_QUSTIRailway officials, like their political bosses in Moscow, were apt to muse at the brilliant future in order to escape from pressing current problems.该问题分值: 0答案:There is something wrong with the sequence of adjectives in this sentence. When there are more than one adjective to modify a noun, the adjectives are not arranged randomly. In this sentence, pressing and current are both used to modify the noun “problems”. The w ord “pressing” means needing to be dealt with immediately. It describes the nature of problems. The word “current” means happening at the present time. It serves as a time adverbial to add supplementary information to the noun “problems”. Hence, we can see, “pressing” has closer relationship than “current” with the noun “problems”, so it should be put directly in front of “problems”. And thecorrect sentence should be “Railway officials, like their political bosses in Moscow, were apt to muse at the brilliant future in orderto escape from current pressing problems”.7.Analyze the following extract of a dialogue in terms of the related semantic and pragmatic theories.“Hush, hush! He's a human being,” I said. “Be more charitable; there are worse men than he is yet!”“He's not a human being,” she retorted, “and he has no claim on my charity. I gave him my heart, and he took and pinched it to death, and flung it back to me.”(Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 15答案:This dialogue violates the quality maxim of cooperative principle proposed by Grice. The main content of cooperative principle is the following: make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged. And it contains four maxims.Quantity(1) Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange).(2) Do not make your contribution more informative than is required. QualityTry to make your contribution one that is true.(1) Do not say what you believe to be false.(2) Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.RelationBe relevantMannerBe perspicuous.(1) Avoid obscurity of expression.(2) Avoid ambiguity.(3) Be brief.(4) Be orderly.Apparently, this dialogue violates the quality maxim when the girl retorted that he is not a human being which is obviously false statement. Here the word “human being” is not used in its semantic meaning-a kind of creature that is biped, featherless, rational, etc. Instead, its meaning should be interpreted in context. And conversational implicature arise as the maxim is flouted. Conversational implicature is a kind of implied meaning, which is deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context, under the guidance of the CP and its maxims. Reading the whole dialogue, we can find the girl does not really mean he is an animal or other thing else. The remark here is to show he does not take her feeling seriously.8.Analyze the following passage in terms of the related stylistic theory.My souls, how the wind did scream along! And every second or two there's come a glare that lit up the whitecaps for a half a mile around, and you’d see the islands lookin g dusty through the rain, and the trees thrashing around in the wind; **es a h-whack—bum! Bum!Bumble-um-ble-umbum-bum-bum-bum—and the thunder would go rumbling and grumbling away, and quit—and then **es another flash and anothersockdolager. (Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 15答案:Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies the features of situationally distinctive uses (varieties) of language, and tries to establish principles capable of accounting for the particular choices made by individual and social groups in their use of language. This passage shows the stylistic features at the phonological level-onomatopoeia. Onomatopoeia refers to the use of the sounds which are imitative of their senses. For example, the cow mooed; the chicken cheeped; the bull bellowed; the dog barked; the duck quacked. In this passage, there are a lot of onomatopoeic words such as “h-whack--bum! Bum! Bumble-um-ble-umbum-bum-bum-bum—” and “rumbling and grumbling”. Mark Twain uses different o nomatopoeic words to describe the sounds of thunder, showing the readers a vivid picture of thunder storm. This is the charm of stylistic.Part Three论述题Test for Students of English Language and Literature（英语语言文学考生必答部分）Discuss **ment on the following topics(每题必答，共40分)1.Comment on the Bloomsbury Group in English literary history.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:“Bloomsbury” was never a formal grouping. Its origins lay in male friendships in late nineteenth century Cambridge; in the early 1900s it found a focus in the Gordon Square house of the children of Leslie Stephan in unfashionable Bloomsbury; it was only with the formation of the ‘Memoir Club’ in 1920 that it loosely defined the limits of its friendships, relationships, and sympathies. The ‘Memoir Club’ or iginally centered on Leslie Stephen’s two daughters Virginia and Venessa, their husbands Leonard Woolf and Clive Bell, and their friends and neighbors Desmond and Molly McCarthy, Duncan Grant, E.M. Foster, Roger Fry, and John Maynard Keynes. The group was linked bywhat Clive Bell later called ‘a taste for discussion in pursuit of truth and a contempt for conventional ways of thinking and feeling, contempt for conventional morals if you will’. Their **binedtolerant agnosticism with cultural dogmatism, progressive rationality with social snobbery, practical jokes with refined self-advertisement. When in 1928 Bell attempted to define ‘Civilization’ in a book named the same, he identified an aggrandized Bloomsbury ideal in the douceur de vivre and witty iconoclasm of the France of the Enlightenment (though, as Virginia **mented, ‘in the end it turns out that civilization is a lunch party at No. 50 Gordon Square’). To its friends ‘Bloomsbury’ offered a prevision of a relaxed, permissive, and elitist future; to its enemies, like the once patronized and later estranged D. H. Lawrence, it was a tight little world people by upper-middle-class ‘black beetle’.2.Comment on the Renaissance.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:In the Europe-centered Renaissance period, England had been greatly influenced by it, from 16th century to early 17th . The renaissance did not only brought nationhood to Britain, but also its literature. The English Renaissance, which had begun as an opening up to new European learning and to new European styles, ended as a restrictive puritanical assertion of national independence from European norms of government and aesthetics. The English Reformation, which had begun as an assertion of English nationhood under a monarch who saw himself as head, protector, and arbiter of a national Church, ended as a challenge to the idea of monarchy itself. In England the principles on which the Renaissance and the Reformation were based, and by means of which both developed, were, as its literature serves to demonstrate, inextricably intertwined.3.Comment on the Classicism.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:In English literature discourse, “Classicism” denotes the practice of art forms inspired by classical antiquity, in particular the observance of rhetorical norms of decorum and balance, as opposed to following the dictates of untutored inspiration, as in Romanticism. It is often related with “classical” and “classic”. “Classical” primarily describes the works of either Greek or Roman antiquity. “Classic” denotes an especially fam ous work within a given canon. Classicism is **pared with Romanticism as its contrary. Classicism arose from the Enlightenment thinkers’ condemnation of the Middle Ages as “Dark Ages”, a period of ignorance and irrationality, appealing to Greek and Roman philosophies. However, as latercriticized by Romanticists, logic is insufficient to answer all questions.4.Comment on the Theatre of the Absurd.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 10答案:Its leading figure Samuel Beckett, after the war experience and at home again, had experienced a great artistic revelation. The nature of this revelation, articulated by Beckett, concerned the bankruptcy of **mon organizing principles of life and of work and, consequently, awareness not of personal or national identities or the informing truths of theologies or philosophies of life, would henceforth be open to skeptical examination. Corresponding to this revelation, in his literary work every artistic or theatrical principle, such as characterization, resolution or specificity of scene, would be broken. Much later, and in large part because of Beckett’s work, Martin Esslin would invent the term “Theatre of the Absurd” to describe this kind of drama. Famous playwrights of this theatre, such as Samuel Beckett, deploys characters far from familiarization to emphasize humanity’s helplessness and alienation within a meaningless universe. A Godless universe in which there are no transcendent values and human beings have little control over their。

[考研类试卷]2016年华南理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 His son acts a lot of older than his years.2 Lucy is impatient of open questions and irritated at her inability to answer them.3 Tom got the key of the street.4 Though now and then opportunity had been given him to leave, he had never taken it.5 No one gets out of this world alive and few people come through life without at least one serious illness.6 They have been wetted in the rain and their goods have been affected with damp.7 The sense of inferiority that she acquired in her youth has never been totally eradicated.8 She became a poor third in the English-speaking contest.9 It is a wise father that knows his own child.10 Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract more than two decades.11 Tom was translating an article in his study when Mary came in.12 I do want to have a talk with you. But this is a bad day.13 It is 20 years since they lived in Seattle.14 Car prices range from 10,000 to 300,000 US dollars.15 Prices and wages are fellow-travelers.汉译英16 大约两千人参加了这次的马拉松比赛，年纪最大的是个七十岁的老妪。

242
华南理工大学
2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：德语
适用专业：英语语言文学，外国语言学及应用语言学
242
华南理工大学
2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：德语
适用专业：英语语言文学；外国语言学及应用语言学
242
华南理工大学
2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：德语
适用专业：外国语言文学。

2015年华南理工大学研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：100.00)1.英译汉_________________________________________________________________________________ _________2.It's been a nail-biting couple of weeks waiting for my results._________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________ 正确答案：(等结果的这几个星期，我坐卧不安。

)3.Dear me, those girls were even as nervous as brick._________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________ 正确答案：(我的天哪，那些姑娘们居然一点儿也不紧张。

2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．If you keep on trying something, the day will come when you can do it well and with great______.A．careB．easeC．tempoD．dignity正确答案：B解析：本题考查名词辨析。

you can do it well意为“你会做好它”，with great______ 与此并列，意义上应该与此接近。

with great care意为“小心翼翼地”。

with great ease意为“轻而易举地”，符合题意，故答案为[B]项。

with great tempo 意为“以极大的速度”；with great dignity意为“威风凛凛”。

如果填入care，tempo 或dignity，与you can do it well的语义不符，故均排除。

2．She______to find new stories about her homeland, making sure her American-born daughter did not grow up ignorant of Chinese culture.A．dropped outB．went out of her wayC．gave wayD．got down正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。

drop out意为“离开，退出”。

go out of one’s way意为“不怕麻烦；特地”。

give way意为“撤退；让路；退让；垮掉”。

get down 意为“沮丧；落下；吞下；写下”。

本句意为：为了保证她在美国出生的女儿长大后不会对中国文化很生疏，她______找寻有关祖国的新鲜事。

2016年华南理工大学626英语综合水平测试考研真题(总分150, 做题时间180分钟)Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following passages and make ONE choice that **plete or answer each of the statements or questions after thepassages.(60 marks, 2 marks each)Passage 1Fall is staggering in, right on schedule, with its baggage of chilly nights, spectacular, heart-stoppingly beautiful leaves. People will travel up and down the East Coast just to stare at it—a whole season of leaves.Where do the **e from? Sunlight rules most living things with its golden edicts. When the days begin to shorten, a tree reconsiders its leaves. All summer it feeds them so they can process sunlight, but in the dog days of summer the tree begins pulling nutrients back intoits trunk and roots, reduces and gradually chokes off its leaves. A dry layer of cells forms at the leaves’ slender stems, then scars over. Undernourished, the leaves stop producing the pigment chlorophyll, and photosynthesis ceases. Animals can migrate, hibernate, or store food to prepare for winter. But where can a tree go? It survives by dropping its leaves, and by the end of autumn only a few fragile threads of fluid-carrying xylem hold leaves to their stems.A turning leaf stays partly green at first, then reveals spots of yellow and red as the chlorophyll gradually breaks down. Dark green seems to stay longest in the veins. During the summer, chlorophyll dissolves in the heat and light, but it is also being steadily replaced. In the fall, on the other hand, no new pigment is produced, and so we notice the other colors that were always there, right in the leaf, although chlorophyll’s shocking green hid them from view. With their camouflage gone, we see these colors for the first timeall year, but they were always there, hidden like a vivid secret beneath the hot glowing greens of summer.An odd feature of the colors is that they don’t seem to have any special purpose. Animals and flowers color for a reason—adaptation to their environment—but there is no adaptive reason for leaves to color so beautifully in the fall any more than there is for the sky or ocean to be blue. It’s just one of the haphazard marvels theplanet presents every year. We find the sizzling colors thrilling, and in a sense they cheat us. Colored like living things, they signal death and disintegration. In time, they will become fragile and, like the body, return to dust. They are as we hope our own fate will be when we die: Not to vanish, just to sublime from one beautiful state into another. Though leaves lose their green life, they bloom with urgent colors, as the woods grow mummified day by day, and Nature becomes more carnal, mute, and radiant...SSS_SINGLE_SELThe signal for a tree to begin its preparation for winter is when________.Anights feel chilly days become shorterBdays become shorterCthere is less nutrientsDthe weather turns drierSSS_SINGLE_SELAccording to the passage, the leaves’ color changing process should be traced back to ________.Athe blooming spring daysBthe dog days of summerCthe late autumn daysDthe previous winterSSS_SINGLE_SELWe just see green in summer because ________.Atrees can only produce chlorophyllBtrees in green can easily get more nutrientsCenough sunlight provides strong green colorsDchlorophyll is strong enough to cover other colorsSSS_SINGLE_SELAthe fragile plantsBthe blooming flowersCthe dying human bodyDthe God-created wonderSSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following will the author agree?AThe ocean chooses blue color to match the surroundings.BThe spectacularly colored leaves signal the end of life.CLeaves change color in autumn for adaptive purpose.DPeople hope for a more beautiful world after death.Passage 2Imagine a world in which everyone uses all the energy they want, yet dependence on oil, with its attendant smog and green-house-gas emissions, is a thing of the past. This utopia is plausible—many would say probably. It is one in which hydrogen, rather than fossil fuels, is central to our energy economy.Vehicles could use hydrogen in a variety of ways. Some researchers favor the introduction of electric cars powered solely by fuel cells, **bine hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity. Others say that conventional car engines can be converted to run on hydrogen with relatively minor modifications. Experts are also split over whether, as a temporary step towards a full hydrogen economy, vehicles shouldinitially use on-board equipment to extract hydrogen from fossil fuels.Infrastructure issues play a big role in the debate over which approach should be taken. The lack of an existing system for storing and distributing hydrogen presents a dilemma. Car manufacturers do not want to sell vehicles that people cannot fuel, and **panies do not want to spend money developing a hydrogen distribution infrastructure when there are no hydrogen cars on the road. The equation becomes **plicated with fuel cells because they have yet to be produced in large numbers and their long-term reliability has not been proven.This deadlock could be broken by “reformers”, which would allow hydrogen cars to run on fossil fuels. Reformers can break down the hydrocarbons in fossil fuels and so liberate hydrogen. Natural gas, for example, can be reformed by heating it together with water and a nickel-based catalyst. The result is a series of reactions whose products are carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Other fossil fuels, including petrol or gasoline, can be reformed in a similar way.Hydrogen cars fitted with reformers would still run on petrol, but would reform it into hydrogen. Advocates of the technology say that this would give **panies the confidence to produce the vehicles, and so provide a fresh impetus for fuel-cell development. Several car manufacturers, including General Motors and DaimlerChrysler, are now working with Ballard Power Systems, a fuel-cell producer based in Burnaby, near Vancouver, to develop vehicles that are powered by fuel cells fed by reformers.But reformers still produce carbon dioxide, and for many environmentalists, this is enough to rule them out. In addition, it has to be taken into account that hydrogen vehicles with reformers are also technologically **plex and costly to build than straightfuel-cell cars.SSS_SINGLE_SELIn this article, what is introduced as the most promising substitute for fossil fuels?AFuel cells.BReformers.CHydrogen.DHydrocarbons.SSS_SINGLE_SELAThey don’t believe applying the new technology will be profitable.BThe infrastructure system is not ready to support hydrogen-fed cars.CMass production of fuel cells is still difficult in terms of technology.DConsumers do not have belief in the long-term reliability of new fuels.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich is NOT included as the problems with the “reformers”?AFossil fuels are used in the hydrogen-fed cars.BReformers promote the fuel-cell development.CBurning reformers will release carbon dioxide.DBuilding vehicles with reformers is expensive.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhy did General Motors and DaimlerChrysler favor reformers?ABecause they have confidence in fuel cells.BBecause they want to protect the environment.CBecause cars can still store fossil fuels to produce hydrogen.DBecause reformers are the necessary step towards a better economy.SSS_SINGLE_SELThe main idea of this article is ________.AHow to have cars run on hydrogen remains a problem.BExperts still argue whether hydrogen is the best substitute.CThe long-talked-about energy utopia will be realized in near future.DCar manufacturers and **panies can’t come to an agreement.Passage 3Dr. Joseph Bell, the eminent surgeon and medical instructor, had all people wide-eyed with his deductive acrobatics.“A patient walked into the room where I was instructing the students, and his case seemed to be a very simple one. I was talking about what was wrong with him. ‘He has been a soldier in a Highland regiment, and probably a bandsman.’ I pointed out the swagger in his walk, suggestive of the Highland piper; while his shortness told me that if he had been a soldier, it was probably as a bandsman. But the man insisted he was nothing but a shoemaker and had never been in the army in his life. This was rather a floorer, but being absolutely certain, I told two of the strongest clerks to remove the man to a side room and strip him. Under his left breast I instantly detected a little blue D branded on his skin. He was an army deserter. That was how they used to mark them in the Crimean days. He confessed having played in the band of a Highland regiment in the war against the Russians.”Of all the Edinburgh undergraduates, it was Conan Doyle who was the most deeply impressed by his incredible mentor. One time when the young Doyle was working as Dr. Bell’s assistant, a patient entered and sat down. “Did you like your walk over the golf links today, as you came in fr om the south of the town?” inquired Dr. Bell. The patient replied: “Why, yes, did Your Honor see me?” Dr. Bell had not seen him.“Conan Doyle could not understand how I knew,” Dr. Bell related later, “but on a showery day such as that had been, the reddish clayat bare parts of the golf links adheres to the boot, and a tiny part is bound to remain. There is no such clay anywhere else.”Thus, Conan Doyle’s five years as a struggling medical student—and his months serving his uncanny Scotch instructor—gave him both the idea for the character and much of the material that helped make him a world-famous author. But actually, when he graduated from Edinburgh University in 1881, Doyle intended to be a doctor. He nailed up his oculist’s shingle in a suburb of Ports mouth and waited for patients. Six years later he was still waiting. Lacking a practice, desperate for any kind of income, Doyle turned to writing. He decided to try a detective story. And for it he wanted a new kind of detective. Perhaps he looked at the photograph of Dr. Bell which he kept on the mantelpiece of his study. At any rate, he thought of Bell, and, thinking of him, hit upon his detective.He called him Sherlock Holmes after an English cricketer and Oliver Wendell Holmes.SSS_SINGLE_SELDr. Bell decided that the patient (in the 2nd paragraph) was asoldier mainly because of ________.Ahis being shortBhis way of walkingChis refusal to be strippedDthe mark under his breastSSS_SINGLE_SELWhat did Conan Doyle learn in Edinburgh University?AWriting.BSurgery.CDeduction.DMedicine.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhat is true about Conan Doyle?AHe began writing stories to make a living.BHe had been one of Dr. Bell’s best students.CHe had always dreamed to be a famous writer.DHe had learned much from Dr. Bell about deduction.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich contributed to Conan Dolye’s finally becoming a famous author?AHis intimate relationship with Dr. Bell.BHis good memory and deductive capability.CHis interest in detective stories and his skills with words.DHis medical knowledge and working experience with Dr. Bell.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following is NOT true about Dr. Bell and his deductive ability?ASeeing the patient was not tall, Dr. Bell could tell with certainty he was a solider.BFrom the clay attached to the boot, Dr. Bell knew where the person came from.CBy observing how people walked, he could tell what profession they were probably in.DConan Doyle was much impressed by Dr. Bell’s deductive feats while working together.Passage 4A few months before, as I was visiting Texas, I heard the taped voice used to guide passengers to their connections at the Dallas Airport announcing items in both Spanish and English. This trend is likely to continue; after all, for some southwestern states like Texas, where the largest minority is now Mexican-American, Spanish was the first written language and the Spanish style lives on in the western way of life.Shortly after my Texas trip, I sat in a campus auditorium at the University of Wis consin at Milwaukee as a Yale professor―whose original work on the influence of African cultures upon those of the Americas has led to his ostracism from some intellectual circles—walked up and down the aisle like an old-time Southernevangelist,dancing and drumming the top of the lectern, illustrating his points before some Afro-American intellectuals and artists who cheered and applauded his performance. The professor was “white.” After his lecture, he conversed with a group of Milwaukeeans―all of whom spoke Yoruban, though only the professor had ever traveled to Africa.Such blurring of cultural styles occurs in everyday life in the United States to a greater extent than anyone can imagine. Yet members of the nation’s present educational and cultural elite still cling to the notion that the United States belongs to some vaguely defined entity they refer to as “Western civilization,” by which they mean, presumably, a civilization created by people of Europe, as if Europe can even be viewed as completely uninfluenced by the rest of the world. Is Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony, which includes Turkish marches, a part of Western civilization? Or the late-nineteenth- and twentieth-century French paintings, whose creators were influenced by Japanese art? And what of the cubists, through whom the influence of African art changed modem painting? Or the surrealists, who were so impressed with the art of the Pacific Northwest Indians that, intheir map of North America, Alaska dwarfs the lower forty-eight states in size?Are the Russians, who are often criticized for their adoption of “Western” ways by Tsarist dissidents in exile, members of Western civilization? And what of the millions of Europeans who have black African and Asian ancestry, black Africans having occupied severalEuropean countries for hundreds of years? Are these “Europeans” a part of Western civilization? Or the Hungarians, who originated across the Urals in a place called Greater Hungary? Or the Irish, who came from the Iberian Peninsula?Even the notion that North America is part of Western civilization because our “system of government” is derived from Europe is being challenged by Native American historians who say that the founding fathers Benjamin Franklin especially, were actually influenced by the system of government that had been adopted by Iroquois hundreds of years prior to the arrival of Europeans.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhy did the Dallas airport announcement speak both Spanish and English?AThe majority people living there is Mexican.BThe airport announcer was of Spanish origin.CSpanish and English are official languages there.DSpanish is a required second language for Texas residents.SSS_SINGLE_SELWe can learn from the second paragraph that.Athe author of the passage was an Afro-AmericanBthe language spoken in Milwaukee was YorubanCthe Yale professor lectured on African culturesDthe audience came from some Southern statesSSS_SINGLE_SELWhat does “Western civilization” mean according to some American educational and cultural elite?AEuropean culture without the influence of other civilizations.BAmerican culture which originated from mainland Europe.CThe European cultural courses taught in high schools.DWestern ways of living by Russian dissidents in exile.SSS_SINGLE_SELAccording to the passage, which of the following is pure without other cultural influence?ABeethoven’s Ninth Symphony.BLate 19th and 20th century French paintings.CAmerican system of government.DThe art of Pacific Northwest Indians.SSS_SINGLE_SELAccording to the author, which of the following has an Indian contribution?AYoruban dancing.BFestival marches.CEighteenth century paintings.DGovernment system.Passage 5Many people find New York an unattractive city to inhabit because of the physical filth, and while, God knows, the city is filthy, I doubt that that element plays an important role in our decision to leave. Naples is far dirtier, and so are Bombay and countless other cities,but a tolerance for dirt seems to grow where some fondness exists. Tangiers is one of the dirtiest cities in the world, yet a friend of mine who possesses flawless taste lives in the casbah there and would live nowhere else. A few days ago in Central Park I saw a man leaning on a litter can drinking a carton of orange juice, and when he finished he tossed the container not in the receptacle but on the ground.I don’t understand this, but there is a lot about New York I don’t understand. Mainly, I don’t understand why the city has no soul, no detectable hea rtbeat, why the chief element in the city’s emotional economy is indifference. I think that’s what sent me on my way. Vienna almost suffocates the Viennese with care, Paris manages to imbue her own with an obsession for their fulfillment, San Francisco exudes a pride that even gathers to her heart total strangers; but the key to New York’s character is that it doesn’t really care about anything. Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that quite often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to accept service on and makes a tart reply. I think I yearn for the people of New York to do somewhat the same thing; I would like to think they possess a nature that could be stimulated by something.A number of New Yorkers have been driven from the city by fear; by the feeling that they are besieged and that if they venture too far from their neighborhoods they will be mugged or, worse, murdered. I have never been mugged or physically molested in any way, possibly because my large build does not make me an ideal prospect for a hoodlum. Yet I recall the lady who was buying a magazine in the Port Authority Bus Terminal one evening when a stranger walked up and disemboweled her with a butcher knife. Later arrested, he told police that he didn’t know the lady but “just felt like killing somebody.” It’s impossible to protect oneself from such madness, and I think it is the fool in New York who is not a coward at heart.I recall, too, the New Year’s Eve when, after a dinner party, a friend of mine went down to the street to get a taxicab and the cab veered too quickly and hit him. His wife and I took him in the cab to Lenox Hill Hospital, and while we were trying to get emergency treatment for him the cabdriver was screaming at us for his fare. A few weeks ago a fifteen-year-old girl was raped on a subway train. The next day the police expressed the opinion that the girl was partially responsible for the act because she had entered a car in which there were no other passengers. All of these things may happen in other large cities, and undoubtedly do, but they reflect a lack ofcaring, a sickness of the soul, that I find difficult to accept and impossible to forget.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhat’s the meaning of the word “filthy” in the first sentence?AFlawy.BDirty.CUnattractive.DImportant.SSS_SINGLE_SELAccording to the author, ________ is the key character of the city New York.AsuffocationBobsessionCprideDindifferenceSSS_SINGLE_SELThe man killed the lady with a butcher knife because ________.Athe lady didn’t pay for the magazineBthe lady was the only person he didn’t knowCthe man was a new butcherDthe man just wanted to killSSS_SINGLE_SELWhy was the cabdriver screaming at the author and his friends?AHe was hit by the taxicab.BHe didn’t want any emergency treatment.CHe was asking for the money.DHe refused to take the responsibility.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following was not the reason why the author left New York?APhysical filth.BLack of caring.CMadness.DIndifference.Passage 6My grandmother in Bacon County, Georgia, raised biddies: tiny cheeping bits of fluff that city folk allow their children to squeeze to death at Easter. But city children are not the only ones who love biddies; hawks love them, too. Hawks like to swoop into the yard and carry off one impaled on their curved talons. Perhaps my grandmother, in her secret heart, knew that hawks even then were approaching the time when they would be on the endangered species list. Whether she did or not, I’m sure she often felt she and her kind were already on the list. It would not do.I’ll never forget the first time I saw her get rid of a hawk. Chickens, as everybody knows, are cannibals. Let a biddy get a spot of blood on it from a scrap or a raw place and the other biddies will simply eat it alive. My grandmother penned up all the biddies except the puniest one, already half pecked to death by the other cutelittle bits of fluff, and she set it out in the open yard by itself. First, though, she put arsenic on its head. I―about five years oldand sucking on a sugar-tit—saw the **e in low over the fence, its red tail fanned, talons stretched, and nail the poisoned biddy where it squatted in the dust. The biddy never made a sound as it was carried away. My gentle grandmother watched it all with satisfaction before she let her other biddies out of the pen.Another moment from my childhood **es instantly to mind was about a chicken, too; a rooster. He was boss cock of the whole farm, a magnificent bird nearly two feet tall. At the base of a chicken’s throat is its craw, a kind of pouch into which the bird swallows food, as well as such things as grit, bits of rock and shell. For reasons I don’t understand t hey sometimes become craw-bound. The stuff in the craw does not move; it remains in the craw and swells and will ultimately cause death. That’s what would have happened to the rooster if the uncle who practically raised me hadn’t said one day: “Son, we got to fix him.”He tied the rooster’s feet so we wouldn’t be spurred and took out his castrating knife, honed to a razor’s edge, and sterilized it over a little fire. He soaked a piece of fine fishing line and a needle in alcohol. I held the rooster on its back, a wing in each hand. With the knife my uncle split open the craw, cleaned it out, then sewed it up with the fishing line. The rooster screamed and screamed. But it lived to be cock of the walk again.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhat’s the possible meaning of the word “biddies”(Paragraph 1)?ABaby hawks.BBaby chickens.CBaby birds.DBaby boys.SSS_SINGLE_SELHow did the author’s grandmother get rid of a hawk?ABy penning up all the biddies.By pecking her biddies to death.CBy giving it a poisoned biddy.DBy putting arsenic on its head.SSS_SINGLE_SELAccording to the passage, what’s the organ for a chicken to digest food?ACraw.BGrit.CRock.DShell.SSS_SINGLE_SELBeing “cock of the walk” means being a ________.Aweak roosterBlovely cockCboss roosterDcrippled cockSSS_SINGLE_SELFrom the passage, we can infer ________.AThe author’s relatives were very kind.BLife on a farm was not very romantic.CThe author liked his childhood very much.Farmers had to treat sick chickens by themselves.Critical ReadingDirections: Read the following passages and answer the question.(40 marks, 4 marks each)Passage 7I dated a woman for a while—a literary type, well-read, lots of books in her place—whom I admired a bit too extravagantly, and one Christmas I decided to give her something unusually nice and, I’m afraid, unusually expensive. I bought her a set of Swift’s Works—not just any set but a scarce early-eighteenth-century edition; then I wrapped each leather-bound volume separately and made a card for each volume, each card containing a carefully chosen quotation from Swift himself. I thought it was terribly romantic; I had visions of her opening the set, volume by volume, while we sat by the fire Christmas Eve sipping cognac and listening to the Brandenburg Concertos.How stupid I am sometimes! She, practical woman that should have known she was, had bought me two pairs of socks and a shirt, plus a small volume of poems by A. R. Ammons. She cried when she opened the Swift. I thought they w ere tears of joy, but they weren’t. “Ican’t accept this,” she said. “It’s totally out of proportion.” She insisted that I take the books back or sell them or keep them for myself. When I protested she just got more upset, and finally she asked me to leave and to take the books with me. Hurt and perplexed, I did. We stopped seeing each other soon after that. It took me weeks to figure out what I had done wrong. “There’s a goat in all of us,” R. P. Blackmur wrote somewhere, “a stupid, stubborn goat.”To my c redit, I’m normally more perspicacious about the gifts I give, and less of a show-off, But I have it in me, obviously, to be, as my ex-girlfriend said, totally out of proportion: to give people things I can’t afford, or things that betoken an intimacy that doesn’t exist, or things that bear no relation to the interests or desires of the person I’m giving them to. I’ve kicked myself too often not to know it’s there, this insensitivity to the niceties of gift-giving.The niceties, of course, not the raw act of giving (and certainly not the thought) are what count. In most cultures, most of them more sensible than our own, the giving of gifts is highlyritualistic―that is, it is governed by rules and regulations; it is under strict social control. It is also, more or less explicitly, an exchange. None of this giving with no thought of receiving; on the contrary, you give somebody something and you expect something backin return―maybe not right away but soon enough. And it is expected to be of more or less equivalent value; you can be fairly certainthat nobody is going to one-up you with something really extravagant like a scarce set of Swift, or else turn greedy on you and give you a penny whistle in return for a canoe. And once that’s under control, the giving and receiving of gifts is free to become ceremonious, an occasion for feasting and celebration. You can finish your cognacs,in other words, and get down to the real business of the evening.SSS_TEXT_QUSTIWhat kind of a Christmas Eve did the author expect when he bought his date a set of Swift’s Works?SSS_TEXT_QUSTIWhy did the author’s date cry when she opened the Swift?SSS_TEXT_QUSTIWhat’s the basic rule for gift giving?Passage 8Not so long ago, for most people, listening to radio was a single task activity. Now it is rare for a person to listen to the radio and do nothing else.Even TV has lost **mand of our foreground. In so many households the TV just stays on, like a noisy light bulb, while the life of the family passes back and forth in its shimmering glow.A sense of well-**es with this saturation of parallel pathways in the brain. We choose mania over boredom every time. “Humans have never, ever opted for slower,” points out the historian Stephen Kent.We catch the fever―and the fever feels good. We live in the buzz. “It has gotten to the point where my days, crammed with all sorts of activities, feel like an Olympic endurance event: the everyday athon,” confesses Jay Walljasper in the Utne Reader.All humanity has not succumbed equally, of course. If you make haste, you probably make it in the technology-driven world. Sociologists have also found that increasing wealth and increasing education bring a sense of tension about time. We believe that we possess too little of it. No wonder Ivan Seidenberg, an American **munications executive, jokes about the mythical DayDoubler program his customers seem to want: “Using sophisticated time-mapping **pression techniques, DayDoubler gives you access to 48 hours each and every day. At the higher numbers DayDoubler becomes less stable, and you run the risk of a temporal crash in which everything from the beginning of time to the present could crash down around you, sucking you into a suspended time zone.”Our culture views time as a thing to hoard and protect. Timesaving is the subject to scores of books with titles like Streamlining Your Life; Take Your Time; More Hours in My Day. Marketers anticipate our desire to save time, and respond with fast ovens, quick playback, quick freezing and fast credit.We have all these wa ys to “save time,” but what does that concept really mean? Does timesaving mean getting more done? If so, does talking on a cellular phone at the beach save time or waste it? If you can choose between a 30-minute train ride, during which you can read, and a 20-minute drive, during which you cannot, does the drive save ten minutes? Does it make sense to say that driving saves ten minutes from your travel budget while removing ten minutes from your reading budget?”These questions have no answer. They depend on a concept that is ill-formed: the very idea of timesaving. Some of us say we want to save time when really we just want to do more and faster. It might be simplest to recognize that there is time and we make choices about how to spend it, how to spare it, how to use it and how to fill it.Time is not a thing we have lost. It is not a thing we ever had. Itis what we live in.”。

[考研类试卷]2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 If you keep on trying something, the day will come when you can do it well and with great______.（A）care（B）ease（C）tempo（D）dignity2 She______to find new stories about her homeland, making sure her American-born daughter did not grow up ignorant of Chinese culture.（A）dropped out（B）went out of her way（C）gave way（D）got down3 In the past, a woman's world usually______household work and waiting for her children and husband to come home.（A）made up（B）composed of（C）was comprised of（D）consisted of4 Domestic tourists now make up more than 90 percent of the country's totaland______two-thirds of its total tourism earnings.（A）attribute（B）contribute（C）distribute（D）dispatch5 He is a diligent and______teacher, well liked by his students.（A）voluntary（B）conscious（C）conscientious（D）hard6 The doctor tried last time to explain to the Browns that infants and young children are more ______to the effects of secondhand smoke than adults.（A）conducive（B）advantageous（C）delicate（D）vulnerable7 It is absolutely true today that college degrees have become a valuable ______ for jobseekers in the country's developing market economy.（A）asset（B）liability（C）deterrent（D）means8 She is far too______to believe these ridiculous lies.（A）sensational（B）sensitive（C）sensible（D）sensuous9 With______audiences and less financial support from government, Britain's best orchestras must find new sources of income, if they are to continue.（A）shrinking（B）captive（C）withering（D）sympathetic10 On July 1, 1997, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, wiping out 156 years of colonial humiliation______on the Chinese nation.（A）befell（B）imposed（C）afflicted（D）leased11 Johnson______the problem in his mind for two more days before he came to a conclusion.（A）turned on（B）turned over（C）turned out（D）turned to12 Many of the works exhibited in the gallery are______, filled with energy and vitality, bright colors and unique ways of expressing ideas.（A）imaginative（B）imaginable（C）imagined（D）imaginary13 Words fail to______our feelings of great reverence for the hero.（A）imply（B）deliver（C）convey（D）contain14 China is______an ambitious plan to stimulate the domestic economy by investing in infrastructure construction , of which telecommunications are an important part.（A）undertaking（B）supervising（C）foiling（D）compiling15 I have to______time to prepare for the coming sports meet.（A）set about（B）set aside（C）set up（D）set off16 If not properly______, border issues which are always very sensitive and complicated international relations can often trigger conflicts.（A）handled（B）handing（C）handle（D）to handle17 After______seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.（A）what（B）it（C）that（D）there18 Every change of season, every change of weather ______ some change in the wonderful colors and shapes of these mountains.（A）make（B）makes（C）is making（D）are making19 There______nothing more for discussion, the meetingcame to an end half an hour earlier.（A）to be（B）to have been（C）be（D）being20 Variables such as individual and corporate behavior______nearly impossible for economists to forecast economic trends with precision.（A）make it（B）make（C）it makes（D）makes it21 Had Jane been more careful on the math exam, she______much better results now. （A）would be getting （B）could have got（C）must get（D）would get22 By the year 2030, it's estimated that more than two thirds of the world's population will be living in cities —______today.（A）twice as many as（B）as twice as many（C）as much as twice（D）as much twice as23 My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she couldwalk______far.（A）/（B）such（C）that（D）as24 Much______I like Antonia, I hated the superior tone that she sometimes took with me. （A）although（B）since（C）for（D）as25 Developing friendly ties with neighborly countries is the priority aim of this country's foreign policy and this policy will not be changed______the international situation may be.（A）whichever（B）however（C）wherever（D）whatever26 The snow leopard is a class-one endangered species, ______is the giant panda. （A）as（B）such（C）which（D）that27 Jeremy came to visit me again. It was the second time he______me that afternoon. （A）had been interrupting （B）has interrupted（C）would have interrupted（D）had interrupted28 Grace's eyes were wet with tears as she put her face______she could, gripping my left hand and stroking it.（A）as close as to mine（B）so close to mine as（C）as close to mine as（D）much so close as29 The boys in the family are old enough for______.（A）school（B）schools（C）the school（D）the schools30 Intellect is to the mind______sight is to the body.（A）as（B）what（C）like（D）that二、Reading Comprehension30 [1] T o say that the city is a central problem of American life is simply to know that increasingly the cities are American life; just as urban living is becoming the condition of man across the world. Everywhere men and women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, the company of their fellows, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life.[2] Within a very few years, 80 percent of all Americans will live in cities — the great majority of them in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and Los Angeles and San Francisco and St. Louis. The cities are the nerve system of economic life for the entire Nation, and for much of the world.[3] And each of our cities is now the seat of nearly all the problems of American life: poverty and race hatred, stunted education and saddened lives, and the other ills of the new urban Nation — congestion and filth, danger and purposelessness —which afflict all but the very rich and the very lucky.[4] ...The city is not just housing and stores. It is not just education and employment, parks and theaters, banks and shops. It is a place where men should be able to live in dignity and security and harmony, where the great achievements of moderncivilization and the ageless pleasures afforded by natural beauty should be available to all. If this is what we want — and this is what we must want if men are to be free for that "pursuit of happiness" which was the earliest promise of the American Nation —we will need more than poverty programs, housing programs, and employment programs, although we will need all of these. We will need an outpouring of imagination, ingenuity, discipline, and hard work unmatched since the first adventurers set out to conquer the wilderness. For the problem is the largest we have ever known. And we confront an urban wilderness more formidable and resistant and in some ways more frightening than the wilderness faced by the pilgrims or the pioneers.[5] One great problem is sheer growth —growth which crowds people into slums, thrusts suburbs out over the countryside, burdens to the breaking point all our old ways of thought and action — our systems of transport and water supply and education, and our means of raising money to finance these vital services.[6] A second is destruction of the physical environment, stripping people of contact with sun and fresh air, clean rivers, grass and trees — condemning them to a life among stone and concrete, neon lights and an endless flow of automobiles. This happens not only in the central city, but in the very suburbs where people once fled to find nature. "There is no police so effective," said Emerson, "as a good hill and a wide pasture... where the boys...can dispose of their superfluous strength and spirits." We cannot restore the pastures, but we must provide a chance to enjoy nature, a chance for recreation, for pleasure and for some restoration of that essential dimension of human existence which flows only from man's contact with the naturalworld around him.[7] A third is the increasing difficulty of transportation —adding concealed, unpaid hours to the workweek, removing men from the social and cultural amenities that are the heart of the city; sending destructive swarms of automobiles across the city, leaving behind them a band of concrete and a poisoned atmosphere. And sometimes — as in Watts — our surrender to the automobile has so crippled public transport that thousands literally cannot afford to go to work elsewhere in the city.[8] A fourth destructive force is the concentrated poverty and racial tension of the urban ghetto — a problem so vast that the barest recital of its symptoms is profoundly shocking: Segregation is becoming the governing rule; Washington is only the most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly Negro as whites move to thesuburbs; many other cities are moving along the same road — for example, Chicago, which, if present trends continue, will be over 50 percent Negro by 1975. The ghettoes of Harlem and Southside and Watts are cities in themselves, areas of as much as 350, 000 people.Poverty and unemployment are endemic: from one-third of the families in these areas live in poverty, in some, male unemployment may be as high as 40 percent; unemployment of Negro youths nationally is over 25 percent.Welfare and dependency are pervasive: one-fourth of the children in these ghettoes, as in Harlem, may receive Federal Aid to Dependent Children; in New York City, ADC alone costs over $ 20 million a month; in our five largest cities, the ADC bill's over $ 500 million a year.Housing is overcrowded, unhealthy, and dilapidated: the lasthousing census found 43 percent of urban Negro housing to be substandard; in these ghettoes, over 10, 000 children may be injured or infected by rat bites every year.Education is segregated, unequal, and inadequate: the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent, there are academic high schools in which less than 3 percent of the entering students will graduate with an academic diploma.Health is poor and care inadequate: infant mortality in the ghettoes is more than twice the rate outside, mental retardation among Negroes caused by inadequate prenatal care is more than seven times the white rate; one-half of all babies born in Manhattan last year will have had no prenatal care at all; deaths from diseases like tuberculosis, influenza, and pneumonia are two to three times as common as elsewhere.[9] Fifth is both cause and consequence of all the rest. It is the destruction of the sense, and often the fact, of community, of human dialog, the thousand invisible strands of common experience and purpose, affection and respect which tie men to their fellows. Community is expressed in such words as neighborhood, civic pride, friendship. It provides the life-sustaining force of human warmth and security, a sense of one's own human significance in the accepted association and companionship of others.[10]/doc/5d3837163369a45177232f60ddccda 38376be1f5.html munity demands a place where people can see and know each other, where children can play and adults work together and join in the pleasures and responsibilities of the place where they live. The whole history of the human race, until today, has been the history of community. Yet, this isdisappearing, and disappearing at a time when its sustaining strength is badly needed. For other values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life are also being eroded.[11] The widening gap between the experience of the generations in a rapidly changing world has weakened the ties of family; children grow up in a world of experience and culture their parents never knew.[12] The world beyond the neighborhood has become more impersonal and abstract. Industry and great cities, conflicts between nations and the conquests of science move relentlessly forward, seemingly beyond the reach of individual control or even understanding.[13] ...But of all our problems, the most immediate and pressing, the one which threatens to paralyze our very capacity to act, to obliterate our vision of the future, is the plight of the Negro of the center city. For this plight and the riots which are its product and symptom —threaten to divide Americans for generations to come; to add to theever-present difficulties of race and class the bitter legacy of violence and destruction and fear....[14] It is therefore of the utmost importance that these hearings go beyond the temporary measures thus far adopted to deal with riots — beyond the first hoses and the billy clubs; and beyond even sprinklers on fire hydrants and new swimming pools as well. These hearings must start us along the road toward solutions to the underlying conditions which afflict our cities, so that they may become the places of fulfillment and ease, comfort and joy, the communities they were meant to be.31 According to the passage, everywhere men and women crowd into cities in searchof______.（A）employment and race hatred（B）a decent living and stunted education（C）congestion and the company of their fellows（D）the excitement and other advantages of urban life32 It can be learned that within a few years, ______of all Americans will live in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and other cities.（A）less than 80 percent（B）about 80 percent（C）more than 80 percent（D）none of the above33 Besides poverty, housing and unemployment programs, Americans need______to attain the kind of society they want.（A）imagination（B）ingenuity（C）discipline and hard work（D）all of the above34 According to the author, the city should be______.（A）the seat of nearly all the problems of American life（B）just houses, stores, schools, businesses, parks, and theaters（C）place where people can live in dignity and security and harmony（D）the nerve system of political, economic, cultural life for much of the world35 The major city problems discussed in the passage include all of the following EXCEPT______.（A）racial tension and the destruction of the sense ofcommunity（B）sheer growth and destruction of the physical environment（C）the difficulty of transportation and concentrated poverty（D）unpaid working hours and a poisoned atmosphere36 The most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly Negro is______.（A）New York（B）San Francisco（C）Chicago（D）Washington37 Which of the following statement is NOT true?（A）20 percent of the children in ghettos may receive Federal Aid to Dependent Children.（B）Male unemployment in some areas may be as high as 40 percent.（C）43 percent of urban Negro housing is substandard.（D）In ghettos, the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent.38 The reason why the plight of the Negro is the most immediate and pressing problem is that it threatens______.（A）to paralyze the American economy（B）to divide Americans for generations to come（C）to destroy the vision of the future generations（D）to use violence in overthrowing the old belief and social system39 According to the author, the sense of community chiefly means______.（A）the ties of family（B）a thousand imaginable strands（C）things which tie men to their fellows（D）the values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life40 In this selection, the author makes______work for him to order the materials so that it is easy to follow.（A）description（B）classification（C）definition（D）narration40 [1] When I first saw Pippa the cheetah, she was sitting pertly on a chair in the tearoom of the New Stanley Hotel in Nairobi. I had gone to meet her owners, an English couple who were leaving Kenya and wanted to ensure that their pet would find a good home. Pippa was wearing a harness and was able to sit at a table, looking as if she might have a soft drink through a straw. She was a thoroughly spoiled cub.[2] Eighteen months later she had returned to the wild. She was living in the Northern Frontier District where she had been born. She had learned to hunt for herself, had mated with a wild cheetah, and was raising a litter of cubs.[3] Pippa's rehabilitation to the wild required patience, perseverance, love, and the same kind of respect for her as a being that I would have offered a fellow human. I had previously shared this love and respect with Elsa the lioness, whom my husband George and I had raised as a cub. But it was not simply a matter of affection — although there was plenty of that. The rehabilitation process was important as an experiment in developing a means of trying to guarantee the survival of endangered species. The cheetah is one of these; the lion maybecome one soon.[4] I learned many things from Elsa and Pippa. They proved always to be interesting and affectionate companions. And I enjoyed the closeness to nature that the rehabilitation process required. But there were raany times when I was working with Elsa and Pippa, and there have been many times since, when I have wondered about another endangered species, a species generally as ignorant of the threat to its survival as these two cats had been. That species is man.[5] Some recent scientific, economic, and political research suggests that the curves for food demand and food supply will cross in a maximum of 60 years. By then, man's overpopulation, increasing pollution, and the diminishing food supply could threaten to end human life on our planet. Being aware of this research, I could not help wondering what steps man could take to ensure his survival. Could he, for instance, learn from animals something about birth control, inter-creature relationships, or thought communication that would help him avoid extinction?[6] Generally, the first reaction to such musings is one of astonishment. The question phrases itself. What can man, the most highly evolved species of animal life, learn from less developed creatures? Astonishment at this question itself suggests a starting place. Perhaps man needs to regain his humility — and his sense of perspective. Perhaps he should look at himself as just another experiment of nature, no more important intrinsically than the thousands of other species evolved on our planet. Man is, after all, a fairly recent development. He has lived on earth only 1. 7 million years — not a very long time compared with the 400 million years of somecreatures.[7] Man's achievements during this stay are astounding. Yet they endanger his own survival. As a result, he may disappear as have other species who became too overspecialized, or outlived their environment. Perhaps more than any other creature man is notable for his constant violations of the eternal law of living in harmony with nature. Man kills everything that competes with him for living space or food. He has irreparably damaged his environment. He has forsaken nature's basic laws, substituting for them his own man-made laws and values. He has, for example, invented money —and now he gauges success, power, and achievement almost exclusively in terms of it. He overestimates his ego and his capacities. He worships status and sacrifices fantastically for it.[8] A more rational perspective would see that all organic life is of equal importance. That every species has its role to play. That nothing survives unless it fits into the balance of nature and lives within its environment. That all life must work together to preserve life and maintain ecology.[9] But man can also learn more specifically from animals. With his research capacity he can ask himself : How were animals able to maintain the balance of nature for more than 400 million years? Once he has unlocked these secrets, he can try to apply them to his own situation.[10] What are some of these secrets? Birth control is one. Animals have very efficient means of controlling their reproduction. We who study animals have learned about it only in the last few years. We don't yet know how it works, but we do know some facts. Most antelopes, for example, can withhold their young for weeks, even months. They do this in order that birthsoccur with the arrival of the rains, the availability of grazing, and the mothers' adequate supply of milk for the young.[11] Elephants seem able to adjust their reproduction in somewhat the same way. On the Victoria Nile, for instance, one bank is extremely eroded; it provides barely enough food for the elephants living there. The opposite bank, on the other hand, is quite well covered with vegetation. Observations indicate that elephants on the grassy bank calve every four years, while those on the eroded bank do so only every nine.[12] My own observations of Elsa and Pippa have revealed some most interesting facts. These cats come into season every five to seven weeks. Once the first litter has been born, they have the capacity to produce a new litter every three and a half months, and some zoo-confined lionesses actually do produce litters this of-ten. But in their natural state, females of these species will not let a male near them — let alone mate with him — while they are engaged in rearing their young to complete independence. Among lions this period lasts two years; among cheetahs it is about seventeen and a half months.[13] When Pippa lost two litters to predators a few days after their birth, she instantly looked for a mate and conceived despite the fact she had hardly recovered from giving birth. Knowing that her unfortunate cubs did not need her anymore, she lost no time in starting a new litter. This also happened with a lioness I knew.[14] Judging from this behavior, I can only assume that some kind of psychological block stops mother lions and cheetahs from wanting to mate while they are preoccupied with training their young.[15] Another secret of animals' survival is telepathy. This sense has become atrophied in man, but a definite thought-communication functions in animals. Elsa the lioness frequently sensed when George and I intended to visit her camp, even though it lay 180 miles from our home in Isiolo. On most occasions when we made our irregular visits she was waiting for us. By following her spoor we discovered that she had sometimes walked 50 or 60 miles to meet us.[16] The same thing happened when I took Elsa's two sisters to Nairobi to be flown to the Rotterdam zoo. Elsa stayed behind with George in Isiolo 180 miles away. He did not know when I was coming back; no person knew. But Elsa knew. On the morning of my return she sat down in the entrance drive and would not budge until I arrived in the evening.[17] I have known this kind of thought-communication with the animals with whomI've lived. When Elsa died, I woke in the night, knowing what had happened, even thoughI was several hundred miles away. The same thing occurred later with one of Pippa's cubs.[18] I don't possess this sensitivity with my own kind. I feel far more in tune with what is going on when I am in the bush than when I am in London or Nairobi. We don't know much yet about this telepathy —from which gland it comes, or how it works. But if men could reawaken or cultivate it in themselves, and then cooperate by trusting each other, rather than fearing and treating one another suspiciously, the world would be a far better place.[19] Another secret of the animals is embodied in a basic law of nature which men often ignore. Every animal has around him a security zone. Within that zone he feels safe. Simple observation shows what happens to creatures whose sense ofadequate living space has been consistently violated, and who have thus become degenerate. You only have to go to a zoo. There you find animals sitting like prisoners, tucked so close togetherthat it is not surprising they become frustrated and sometimes so tense that they try to break out. Then they have to be destroyed.[20] When people see animals in this condition, they get the impression that the animals are either dangerous and aggressive or, if they have fallen into a state of utter despair, that they are lethargic or stupid. But animals that I have known in their natural state are never like this. This illustrates why zoos — even the best zoos — cannot solve the problem of recovering a healthy survival number of presently endangered species.[21] The security-zone sense, the need for adequate living space, is not limited to wild animals. Men once possessed it as well. But now our awareness of it has grown so faint that four or five people can live together in one room, a situation which repeatedly occurs in overcrowded slums. People living in these conditions often become aggressive —sometimes even criminal — for the same reason that animals do in zoos.[22] Man-made values account not only for man's reduced awareness of his own security zone. They have also impaired a whole range of relationships which nature had placed in proper perspective. One of these, referred to earlier, is mating. Another is the relationship of mother to young. So many modern human mothers these days prefer to have jobs and put their children in day-care centers or kindergartens, rather than look after them. In nature this happens only in perverted cases. I have watched many animal mothers with their young. They are devoted to them andtend them with affection — and discipline. But they don't overdo it. Elsa and Pippa loved their cubs, but they also kept strict behavior. There was no nonsense about it.[23] Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet. If he wants to survive — which he can do only if all other forms of life around him survive as well — he simply has to see himself as no more important than his fellow creatures. Since man has a higher intelligence than most animals, he is responsible for insuring their survival and thus maintaining life on our planet.[24] I personally doubt that man can recover his original relationship with all other forms of life unless he reappraises his man-made values, returns again to the rules of nature, and then accepts and obeys them.41 The main idea of this article is that______.（A）people can teach animals how to survive（B）people can learn survival techniques from animals（C）animals can survive in the wild after living in zoos（D）animals can learn from man how to live in tune with nature42 In the sentence "But it was not simply a matter of affection..." (paragraph 3) , "it" refers to______.（A）respect（B）survival means（C）patience, perseverance and love（D）Pippa's rehabilitation to the wild43 In paragraph 6, it is implied, but not directly stated, that______.（A）man has not lived on the earth very long compared to some other creatures （B）man should look at himself as justanother experiment of nature（C）man thinks he can learn something from animals（D）man thinks he is more important than other animals44 In paragraph 7, the writer gives examples of______.（A）how man destroys the balance in nature（B）how man will survive in the future（C）how man uses his environment constructively（D）how man kills animals for food45 The subject of paragraphs 10, 11, 12, 13, and 46 is______.（A）Elsa and Pippa（B）Elephants on the Victoria Nile。

2016年华南理工大学硕士研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：27，分数：50.00)1.英译汉2.His son acts a lot of older than his years._________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(他的儿子年纪轻轻却做事老练。

)3.Lucy is impatient of open questions and irritated at her inability to answer them._________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(露西无法忍受那些没有定论的问题，无法给出答案让她恼火。

2016翻译硕士英语考研真题分享2016翻译硕士英语初试落下帷幕，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，翻译硕士英语专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，翻译硕士英语题型今年是选择题，判断题、简答题、分析论述题，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

翻译硕士英语分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程英语老师把翻译硕士英语的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考翻译硕士英语的同学使用，本试题凯程首发，转载注明出处1.选词填空，15选10，有点像六级的那种。

2.完形填空，20道。

3.选择题。

是每句话有一个划线单词，让你从四个选项中选一个能替代它的单词。

4.阅读题，四篇，最后一篇是以填空的形式5.作文，大概就是说房屋紧缺问题十分严重，尤其是在大城市，有些人认为只有政府才能解决，问你的看法。

400字。

英语翻译基础1.词条ASAP FYI GPS OMG EQ IMF MPA DHL RSVP Xmas ISO 雁门关支付宝社会主义核心价值观2015巴黎联合国气候变化大会十三五规划七夕经济结构调整义县八项规定一带一路OTC英翻中《The Aim of a University Education》-----by John Henry NewmanIf then a practical end must be assigned to a university course,I say it is that of training good members of society.Its art is the social life,and its end is fitness for the world.It neither confines its views to particular professions on the one hand,nor creates heroes or inspires genius on the other.Workers indeed of genius fall under no art; heroic minds come under no rule; a university is not a birthplace of poets or of immortal authors,of founders of schools,or leaders of colonies,or conquerors of nations.It does not promise a generation of Aristotles or Newtons,of Napoleons or Washingtons,of Raphaels or Shakespears,though such miracles of nature it has before now contained within its precincts.Nor is it content on the other hand with forming the critic or the experimentalist,the economist or the engineer,although such too it includes with its scope.But a university training is the great ordinary means to a great but ordinary end; it aims at raising the intellectual tone of society,at cultivating the public mind,at purifying the national taste,at giving enlargement and sobriety to the idea of the age,at facilitating the exercise of political power,and refining the intercourse of private life.It is the education which gives a man a clear,conscious views of his own opinions and judgments,a truth in developing them,an eloquence in expressing them,and a force in urging them.It teaches him to see things as they are,to go right to the point,to disentangle a skein ofthought,to detect what is sophistical,and to discard what is irrelevant.It prepares him to fill any post with credit,and to master any subject with facility.It shows him how to accommodate himself to others,how to throw himself into their stat of mind,how to bring before them his own,how to influence them,how to come to an understanding with them,how to bear with them.中翻英每个人都有理想和追求，都有自己的梦想。