Institute of Network Computing and Information Systems

《计算机科学》ccf等级英文回答：The Chinese Computer Federation (CCF) classifies academic journals in computer science into three levels: A, B, and C. The classification is based on factors such as the journal's impact factor, citation index, and editorial board.A-level journals are the most prestigious andinfluential journals in computer science. They publishhigh-quality research papers that make significant contributions to the field. Examples of A-level journals include the Journal of the ACM, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, and the Communications of the ACM.B-level journals are also reputable journals that publish high-quality research papers. However, they are not as prestigious as A-level journals. Examples of B-leveljournals include the ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, the IEEE Transactions on Computers, and the Journal of Computer and System Sciences.C-level journals are less prestigious than A-level andB-level journals. They typically publish papers that are more focused on practical applications of computer science. Examples of C-level journals include the ACM Computing Surveys, the IEEE Software, and the Journal of Object Technology.中文回答：中国计算机学会（CCF）将计算机科学领域的学术期刊分为A、B、C三级。

ABI 应用二进制接口(Application Binary Interface)ACSI 国家信息化咨询委员会（advisory committee for state informatization）ADSL 非对称数字用户线路(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)AI 人工智能（artificial intelligence）AMPS 高级移动电话系统(Advanced Mobile Phone System)API 应用程序接口(Application Programming Interface)ASIC 特定用途集成电路（Application Specific Integrated Circuit）ASTM 美国试验材料学会（American Society for Testing Material）AT&T 美国电话电报公司（American Telephone and Telegraph Company）ATM 异步传输模式(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)ATOS Origin 源讯公司Auto-ID 自动识别（Auto-ID）AWS 美国航空气象处（Air Weather Service）；BAP 基本汇编程序（Basic Assembler Program）BGA 集成电路采用有机载板的一种封装法BOINC 伯克利开放式网络计算 (Berkeley Open Infrastructure For Network Computing ) BSP 板级支持包(Board Support Package)Business Processing 业务处理流程CaaS 通信即服务(communication as a Service)CAN 控制器局域网络(Controller Area Network)CAS 中国科学院（Chinese Academy of SciencesCCTV 中国中央电视台（China Central Television）CDMA2000 电信移动通信系统CIP 预编目录（cataloging in publication）CITYNET 城市间合作网络CMU 卡内基梅隆大学（Carnegie Mellon University）CN 通信网络（Communicating Net）CPU 中央处理机（Central Processing Unit）CRA 应答验证 (challenge-response authentication)DARPA 美国国防部高级研究计划局（Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency）DARPA 研究计划署(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)DASH7Data mining 数据挖掘技术（即指从资料中发掘资讯或知识）DDoS 分布式拒绝服务（Distributed Denial of Service）DG INFSO 媒体总司DG INFSO/D4 欧盟委员会DGINFSO‐D4DMM 分布式内存多处理器（distributed memory multiprocessor）DNS 域名服务器（Domain Name Server）DoD 美国国防部（Department of Defense of the United States）DRAM 动态随机存取存储器（Dynamic Random Access Memory）DSL 数字用户线路(Digital Subscriber Line)DSP 数字信号处理器（Digital Signal Processor）DSS 决策支持系统（Decision Support Systems）DynDNS 动态DNSEAN 欧洲商品编码(Europ Article Number)EAS 电子防窃系统（Electronic Article Surveillance）ECMA 欧洲电脑制造商协会（European Computer Manufactures Association）EPC 电子产品代码(Electronic Product Code)EPCglobal 国际物品编码协会EAN和美国统一代码委员会（ UCC ）的一个合资公司ERP 企业资源计划（Enterprise Resource Planning）ETSI 欧洲电信标准协会（European Telecommunication Standards Institute）EU-funded CASAGRAS1 coordination 欧盟资助CASAGRAS1协调FAT 文件分配表(File Allocation Table)FP7 欧盟第七框架计划(Framework Program 7)FreeOTFE 免费实时加密FSTC 金融服务技术联盟(Financial Services Technology Consortium)FTP 文件传输协议（File Transfer Protocol）GM 通用汽车公司（General Motors）GMSA 全球移动通信系统协会(global system for mobile communications association) GPRS 通用分组无线业务（General Packet Radio Service）GPS 全球定位系统（Global Position System）GSM 全球移动通信系统（Global System for Mobile Communications）GUI-based 图形用户界面HP 惠普公司HTML5 HTML5是HTML下一个的主要修订版本，现在仍处于发展阶段HTTP 超文本传输协议（Hyper Text Transport Protocol）HTTPS 安全超文本传输协议(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)I²C 两线式串行总线（Inter－Integrated Circuit）IaaS 架构即服务(Infrastructure As A Service)IATA 国际航空运输协会（International Air Transport Association）ICC 集成电路卡(integrated circuit card)ICT 集成电路计算机遥测技术（Integrated Computer Telemetry）iDA 资讯通信发展管理局(infocomm Development Authority)IEC 国际电工技术委员会（International Electrotechnical Commission）IEEE 电气与电子工程师协会（Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers）IETF Internet工程任务组（Internet Engineering Task Force）IMT-2000 国际移动电话系统-2000（International Mobile Telecom System-2000）IOT 物联网(Internet Of Things)IPSec 网际协议安全（Internet Protocol Security）IPSO 因特网协议安全选件（Internet protocol security option ）IPv4 IPv4，是互联网协议（Internet Protocol，IP）的第四版IR 指令寄存器（instruction register）ISA 工业标准总线(Industry Standard Architecture)ISM 美国供应管理协会（the Institute for Supply Management , ISM）ISO 国际标准化组织（International Standardization Organization）ISTAG IST咨询集团(IST advisory group)IT 信息技术(Information Technology)ITSO_LtdITU 国际电信联盟（International Telecommunication Union）KAEC 阿卜杜拉国王经济城(King Abdullah Economic City)KVM 基于内核的虚拟机（K Virtual Machine）LAN 局域网（local area network）LCD 液晶显示屏（liquid crystal display）LR-WPAN 低速率无线个人区域网络（Low Rate-Wireless Personal Area Network）LSI 大规模集成电路（Large Scale Integrated circuit）MAC 多路存取计算机（Multi-Access Computer)MAN 城域网(Metropolitan Area Network)MASDAR 马斯达尔MEMS 微电子机械系统（Micro-electromechanical Systems）METI 日本经济贸易产业省（Ministry of Economy， Trade and Industry）MIC 部门内部事务和通讯(the ministry of internal affairs and communications) MIT 麻省理工学院（Massachu-setts Institute of Technology）；MPP 大量信息并行处理机，大规模并行处理机（Massively Parallel Processor）MRI 核磁共振成像（Magnatic Resonance Imaging）；MSI 中规模集成电路（medium-scale integration）MVNO AdicaNaaS 网络即服务(Network As A Service)NASA 美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）NetBSD 一个免费的，具有高度移植性的UNIX-like操作系统NFC 近场通讯(Near Field Communication)NFCIPNIC 网络接口卡(Network Interface Card)NMT 北欧移动电话(Nordic Mobile Telephone)NSF （美国）国家科学基金会（National Science Foundation）NTT DoCoMo 移动通信网公司NYU 纽约大学（New York University）OLED 有机发光二极管（Organic Light Emitting Diode）ONS 国家统计局(Office For National Statistics)P2P 点对点技术（peer-to-peer）；PaaS 平台即服务(Platform As A Service)PARC 帕洛阿尔托研究中心（Palo Alto Research Center）PC 个人电脑（Personal Computer）；PCI 外部控制器接口（Peripheral Component Interconnect）PHY 物理层协议（Physical Layer）PKI 公钥基础设施（Public Key Infrastructure）POTS 普通老式电话服务(Plain Old Telephone Service)QNX 嵌入式实时操作系统（Quick Unix ）R&D 研发(Research & Development)RACO 德国雷科resPONDER 响应器RFID 无线射频识别（radio frequency identification devices）RISC 精简指令集计算机（Reduced Instruction-Set Computer）ROM 只读存储器（read only memory）RS-232 串行数据通信的接口标准RTOS 实时操作系统（Real Time Operating System）SaaS 软件即服务（Software as a Service）SAP SAP是目前全世界排名第一的ERP软件SAVVIS 维斯公司SCADA 监测控制和数据采集（supervisory control and data acquisition）SIM 用户身份识别卡（subscriber identity module）SIMD 单指令多数据(Single Instruction Multiple Data)SIMIT 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所SMP 对称多处理机（SymmetricalMulti-Processing）SOC 片上系统（System on a Chip）SPOM 自动程序单芯片微处理(Self Programmable One Chip Microprocessor)SPT 季票 (season parking ticket)SRI 斯坦福研究院(Stanford Research Institute)SSE 单指令多数据流式扩展 ( streaming SIMD extensions)SSI 小规模集成（电路）（Small Scale Integration）；SSO 单点登录（single sign-on）T2TITTACS 全接入通信系统（Total Access Communication System）TCB 可信计算基(Trusted Computing Base)TCP/IP 传输控制/网络通讯协定（Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol）TD-SCDMA 即时分同步的码分多址技术（Time Division-Synchronization Code Division Multiple Access）TEDS 传感器电子数据表（Transducer Electronic Data Sheet）TLS/SSL SSL（Secure Sockets Layer，安全套接层）TPANSmitterTRON 实时操作系统核心程序（The Realtime Operating System Nucleus）U.S.Department of Defence 美国国防部UCC 统一编码委员会（uniform code council inc）UCLA 加州大学洛杉矶分校（University of California at Los Angeles）UHF 超高频（Ultra High Frequency）UML 统一建模语言（Unified Modeling Language）UNL 无处不在的网络实验室（ubiquitous networking laboratory）USAID 美国国际开发署（United States Agency for International Development）USB 通用串行总线（Universal Serial Bus）USDA 美国农业部（United States Department of Agriculture）VLSI 超大规模积体电路（Very Large Scale Integrated Circuites）VNP-VNOWAN 广域网(Wide Area Network)WCDMA 宽带码分多址移动通信系统（Wideband Code Division Multiple Access）Wi-Fi 无线上网技术WROM 一次写/读很多内存(write once/read many memory)WSN 无线传感网络(wireless sensor network)。

计算机领域国际会议分类排名现在的会议非常多，在投文章前，大家可以先看看会议的权威性、前几届的录用率，这样首先对自己的文章能不能中有个大概的心理底线。

权威与否可以和同行的同学沟通、或者看录用文章的水平、或者自己平时阅读文献的时候的慢慢累及。

原来有人做过一个国际会议的排名，如下.sg/home/assourav/crank.htm其中的很多会议我们都非常熟悉的。

但是这个排名是大概2000的时候做的，后来没有更新，所以像ISWC 这个会议在其中就看不到。

但是很多悠久的会议上面都有的，如www,SIGIR,VLDB,EMLC,ICTAI这些等等。

这些东西可以作为一个参考。

现在很多学校的同学毕业都要有检索的要求了。

因此很多不在SCI，EI检索范围内的会议投了可能对毕业无用，所以投之前最好查查会议是不是被SCI，EI检索的。

当然这也不绝对，如Web领域最权威的WWW的全文就只是ISTP检索，而不是SCI，EI检索的（可能是ACM出版的原因吧？）。

罗嗦了这么多！祝愿大家能在好的会议上发PAPER，能被SCI，EI检索。

---------------附，会议排名（from .sg/home/assourav/crank.htm）Computer Science Conference RankingsSome conferences accept multiple categories of papers. The rankings below are for the mos t prestigious category of paper at a given conference. All other categories should be treat ed as "unranked".AREA: DatabasesRank 1:SIGMOD: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Management of DataPODS: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Principles of DB SystemsVLDB: Very Large Data BasesICDE: Intl Conf on Data EngineeringICDT: Intl Conf on Database TheoryRank 2:SSD: Intl Symp on Large Spatial DatabasesDEXA: Database and Expert System ApplicationsFODO: Intl Conf on Foundation on Data OrganizationEDBT: Extending DB TechnologyDOOD: Deductive and Object-Oriented DatabasesDASFAA: Database Systems for Advanced ApplicationsCIKM: Intl. Conf on Information and Knowledge ManagementSSDBM: Intl Conf on Scientific and Statistical DB MgmtCoopIS - Conference on Cooperative Information SystemsER - Intl Conf on Conceptual Modeling (ER)Rank 3:COMAD: Intl Conf on Management of DataBNCOD: British National Conference on DatabasesADC: Australasian Database ConferenceADBIS: Symposium on Advances in DB and Information SystemsDaWaK - Data Warehousing and Knowledge DiscoveryRIDE WorkshopIFIP-DS: IFIP-DS ConferenceIFIP-DBSEC - IFIP Workshop on Database SecurityNGDB: Intl Symp on Next Generation DB Systems and AppsADTI: Intl Symp on Advanced DB Technologies and Integration FEWFDB: Far East Workshop on Future DB SystemsMDM - Int. Conf. on Mobile Data Access/Management (MDA/MDM)ICDM - IEEE International Conference on Data MiningVDB - Visual Database SystemsIDEAS - International Database Engineering and Application Symposium Others:ARTDB - Active and Real-Time Database SystemsCODAS: Intl Symp on Cooperative DB Systems for Adv AppsDBPL - Workshop on Database Programming LanguagesEFIS/EFDBS - Engineering Federated Information (Database) Systems KRDB - Knowledge Representation Meets DatabasesNDB - National Database Conference (China)NLDB - Applications of Natural Language to Data BasesFQAS - Flexible Query-Answering SystemsIDC(W) - International Database Conference (HK CS)RTDB - Workshop on Real-Time DatabasesSBBD: Brazilian Symposium on DatabasesWebDB - International Workshop on the Web and DatabasesWAIM: Interational Conference on Web Age Information ManagementDASWIS - Data Semantics in Web Information SystemsDMDW - Design and Management of Data WarehousesDOLAP - International Workshop on Data Warehousing and OLAPDMKD - Workshop on Research Issues in Data Mining and Knowledge DiscoveryKDEX - Knowledge and Data Engineering Exchange WorkshopNRDM - Workshop on Network-Related Data ManagementMobiDE - Workshop on Data Engineering for Wireless and Mobile AccessMDDS - Mobility in Databases and Distributed SystemsMEWS - Mining for Enhanced Web SearchTAKMA - Theory and Applications of Knowledge MAnagementWIDM: International Workshop on Web Information and Data ManagementW2GIS - International Workshop on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems CDB - Constraint Databases and ApplicationsDTVE - Workshop on Database Technology for Virtual EnterprisesIWDOM - International Workshop on Distributed Object ManagementOODBS - Workshop on Object-Oriented Database SystemsPDIS: Parallel and Distributed Information SystemsAREA: Artificial Intelligence and Related SubjectsRank 1:AAAI: American Association for AI National ConferenceCVPR: IEEE Conf on Comp Vision and Pattern RecognitionIJCAI: Intl Joint Conf on AIICCV: Intl Conf on Computer VisionICML: Intl Conf on Machine LearningKDD: Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningKR: Intl Conf on Principles of KR & ReasoningNIPS: Neural Information Processing SystemsUAI: Conference on Uncertainty in AIAAMAS: Intl Conf on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (past: ICAA)ACL: Annual Meeting of the ACL (Association of Computational Linguistics)Rank 2:NAACL: North American Chapter of the ACLAID: Intl Conf on AI in DesignAI-ED: World Conference on AI in EducationCAIP: Inttl Conf on Comp. Analysis of Images and PatternsCSSAC: Cognitive Science Society Annual ConferenceECCV: European Conference on Computer VisionEAI: European Conf on AIEML: European Conf on Machine LearningGECCO: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (used to be GP)IAAI: Innovative Applications in AIICIP: Intl Conf on Image ProcessingICNN/IJCNN: Intl (Joint) Conference on Neural NetworksICPR: Intl Conf on Pattern RecognitionICDAR: International Conference on Document Analysis and RecognitionICTAI: IEEE conference on Tools with AIAMAI: Artificial Intelligence and MathsDAS: International Workshop on Document Analysis SystemsWACV: IEEE Workshop on Apps of Computer VisionCOLING: International Conference on Computational LiguisticsEMNLP: Empirical Methods in Natural Language ProcessingEACL: Annual Meeting of European Association Computational LingusticsCoNLL: Conference on Natural Language LearningDocEng: ACM Symposium on Document EngineeringIEEE/WIC International Joint Conf on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology Rank 3:PRICAI: Pacific Rim Intl Conf on AIAAI: Australian National Conf on AIACCV: Asian Conference on Computer VisionAI*IA: Congress of the Italian Assoc for AIANNIE: Artificial Neural Networks in EngineeringANZIIS: Australian/NZ Conf on Intelligent Inf. SystemsCAIA: Conf on AI for ApplicationsCAAI: Canadian Artificial Intelligence ConferenceASADM: Chicago ASA Data Mining Conf: A Hard Look at DMEPIA: Portuguese Conference on Artificial IntelligenceFCKAML: French Conf on Know. Acquisition & Machine LearningICANN: International Conf on Artificial Neural NetworksICCB: International Conference on Case-Based ReasoningICGA: International Conference on Genetic AlgorithmsICONIP: Intl Conf on Neural Information ProcessingIEA/AIE: Intl Conf on Ind. & Eng. Apps of AI & Expert SysICMS: International Conference on Multiagent SystemsICPS: International conference on Planning SystemsIWANN: Intl Work-Conf on Art & Natural Neural NetworksPACES: Pacific Asian Conference on Expert SystemsSCAI: Scandinavian Conference on Artifical IntelligenceSPICIS: Singapore Intl Conf on Intelligent SystemPAKDD: Pacific-Asia Conf on Know. Discovery & Data MiningSMC: IEEE Intl Conf on Systems, Man and CyberneticsPAKDDM: Practical App of Knowledge Discovery & Data MiningWCNN: The World Congress on Neural NetworksWCES: World Congress on Expert SystemsASC: Intl Conf on AI and Soft ComputingPACLIC: Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and ComputationICCC: International Conference on Chinese ComputingICADL: International Conference on Asian Digital LibrariesRANLP: Recent Advances in Natural Language ProcessingNLPRS: Natural Language Pacific Rim SymposiumMeta-Heuristics International ConferenceRank 3:ICRA: IEEE Intl Conf on Robotics and AutomationNNSP: Neural Networks for Signal ProcessingICASSP: IEEE Intl Conf on Acoustics, Speech and SPGCCCE: Global Chinese Conference on Computers in EducationICAI: Intl Conf on Artificial IntelligenceAEN: IASTED Intl Conf on AI, Exp Sys & Neural NetworksWMSCI: World Multiconfs on Sys, Cybernetics & InformaticsLREC: Language Resources and Evaluation ConferenceAIMSA: Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, ApplicationsAISC: Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic ComputationCIA: Cooperative Information AgentsInternational Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation Pattern MatchingECAL: European Conference on Artificial LifeEKAW: Knowledge Acquisition, Modeling and ManagementEMMCVPR: Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionEuroGP: European Conference on Genetic ProgrammingFoIKS: Foundations of Information and Knowledge SystemsIAWTIC: International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commer ceICAIL: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and LawSMIS: International Syposium on Methodologies for Intelligent SystemsIS&N: Intelligence and Services in NetworksJELIA: Logics in Artificial IntelligenceKI: German Conference on Artificial IntelligenceKRDB: Knowledge Representation Meets DatabasesMAAMAW: Modelling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent WorldNC: ICSC Symposium on Neural ComputationPKDD: Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge DiscoverySBIA: Brazilian Symposium on Artificial IntelligenceScale-Space: Scale-Space Theories in Computer VisionXPS: Knowledge-Based SystemsI2CS: Innovative Internet Computing SystemsTARK: Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge MeetingMKM: International Workshop on Mathematical Knowledge ManagementACIVS: International Conference on Advanced Concepts For Intelligent Vision Systems ATAL: Agent Theories, Architectures, and LanguagesLACL: International Conference on Logical Aspects of Computational LinguisticsAREA: Hardware and ArchitectureRank 1:ASPLOS: Architectural Support for Prog Lang and OSISCA: ACM/IEEE Symp on Computer ArchitectureICCAD: Intl Conf on Computer-Aided DesignDAC: Design Automation ConfMICRO: Intl Symp on MicroarchitectureHPCA: IEEE Symp on High-Perf Comp ArchitectureRank 2:FCCM: IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing MachinesSUPER: ACM/IEEE Supercomputing ConferenceICS: Intl Conf on SupercomputingISSCC: IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuits ConfHCS: Hot Chips SympVLSI: IEEE Symp VLSI CircuitsCODES+ISSS: Intl Conf on Hardware/Software Codesign & System SynthesisDATE: IEEE/ACM Design, Automation & Test in Europe ConferenceFPL: Field-Programmable Logic and ApplicationsCASES: International Conference on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded Syste msRank 3:ICA3PP: Algs and Archs for Parall ProcEuroMICRO: New Frontiers of Information TechnologyACS: Australian Supercomputing ConfISC: Information Security ConferenceUnranked:Advanced Research in VLSIInternational Symposium on System SynthesisInternational Symposium on Computer DesignInternational Symposium on Circuits and SystemsAsia Pacific Design Automation ConferenceInternational Symposium on Physical DesignInternational Conference on VLSI DesignCANPC: Communication, Architecture, and Applications for Network-Based Parallel Computing CHARME: Conference on Correct Hardware Design and Verification MethodsCHES: Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded SystemsNDSS: Network and Distributed System Security SymposiumNOSA: Nordic Symposium on Software ArchitectureACAC: Australasian Computer Architecture ConferenceCSCC: WSES/IEEE world multiconference on Circuits, Systems, Communications & Computers ICN: IEEE International Conference on Networking Topology in Computer Science ConferenceAREA: Applications and MediaRank 1:I3DG: ACM-SIGRAPH Interactive 3D GraphicsSIGGRAPH: ACM SIGGRAPH ConferenceACM-MM: ACM Multimedia ConferenceDCC: Data Compression ConfSIGMETRICS: ACM Conf on Meas. & Modelling of Comp SysSIGIR: ACM SIGIR Conf on Information RetrievalPECCS: IFIP Intl Conf on Perf Eval of Comp \& Comm Sys WWW: World-Wide Web ConferenceRank 2:IEEE VisualizationEUROGRAPH: European Graphics ConferenceCGI: Computer Graphics InternationalCANIM: Computer AnimationPG: Pacific GraphicsICME: Intl Conf on MMedia & ExpoNOSSDAV: Network and OS Support for Digital A/VPADS: ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Parallel \& Dist Simulation WSC: Winter Simulation ConferenceASS: IEEE Annual Simulation SymposiumMASCOTS: Symp Model Analysis \& Sim of Comp \& Telecom Sys PT: Perf Tools - Intl Conf on Model Tech \& Tools for CPE NetStore: Network Storage SymposiumMMCN: ACM/SPIE Multimedia Computing and NetworkingJCDL: Joint Conference on Digital LibrariesRank 3:ACM-HPC: ACM Hypertext ConfMMM: Multimedia ModellingDSS: Distributed Simulation SymposiumSCSC: Summer Computer Simulation ConferenceWCSS: World Congress on Systems SimulationESS: European Simulation SymposiumESM: European Simulation MulticonferenceHPCN: High-Performance Computing and NetworkingGeometry Modeling and ProcessingWISEDS-RT: Distributed Simulation and Real-time Applications IEEE Intl Wshop on Dist Int Simul and Real-Time Applications ECIR: European Colloquium on Information RetrievalEd-MediaIMSA: Intl Conf on Internet and MMedia SysUn-ranked:DVAT: IS\&T/SPIE Conf on Dig Video Compression Alg \& TechMME: IEEE Intl Conf. on Multimedia in EducationICMSO: Intl Conf on Modelling, Simulation and OptimisationICMS: IASTED Intl Conf on Modelling and SimulationCOTIM: Conference on Telecommunications and Information MarketsDOA: International Symposium on Distributed Objects and ApplicationsECMAST: European Conference on Multimedia Applications, Services and TechniquesGIS: Workshop on Advances in Geographic Information SystemsIDA: Intelligent Data AnalysisIDMS: Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Telecommunication ServicesIUI: Intelligent User InterfacesMIS: Workshop on Multimedia Information SystemsWECWIS: Workshop on Advanced Issues of E-Commerce and Web/based Information Systems WIDM: Web Information and Data ManagementWOWMOM: Workshop on Wireless Mobile MultimediaWSCG: International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics and Visualization LDTA: Workshop on Language Descriptions, Tools and ApplicationsIPDPSWPIM: International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless N etworks and Mobile ComputingIWST: International Workshop on Scheduling and TelecommunicationsAPDCM: Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational ModelsCIMA: International ICSC Congress on Computational Intelligence: Methods and Applications FLA: Fuzzy Logic and Applications MeetingICACSD: International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System DesignICATPN: International conference on application and theory of Petri netsAICCSA: ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and ApplicationsCAGD: International Symposium of Computer Aided Geometric DesignSpanish Symposium on Pattern Recognition and Image AnalysisInternational Workshop on Cluster Infrastructure for Web Server and E-Commerce Applications WSES ISA: Information Science And Applications ConferenceCHT: International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat TransferIMACS: International Conference on Applications of Computer AlgebraVIPromCom: International Symposium on Video Processing and Multimedia Communications PDMPR: International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Multimedia Processing & Retrieval International Symposium On Computational And Applied PdesPDCAT: International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications, and Tec hniquesBiennial Computational Techniques and Applications ConferenceSymposium on Advanced Computing in Financial MarketsWCCE: World Conference on Computers in EducationITCOM: SPIE's International Symposium on The Convergence of Information Technologies and Com municationsConference on Commercial Applications for High-Performance ComputingMSA: Metacomputing Systems and Applications WorkshopWPMC : International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications WSC: Online World Conference on Soft Computing in Industrial Applications HERCMA: Hellenic European Research on Computer Mathematics and its Applications PARA: Workshop on Applied Parallel ComputingInternational Computer Science Conference: Active Media TechnologyIW-MMDBMS - Int. Workshop on Multi-Media Data Base Management SystemsAREA: System TechnologyRank 1:SIGCOMM: ACM Conf on Comm Architectures, Protocols & AppsINFOCOM: Annual Joint Conf IEEE Comp & Comm SocSPAA: Symp on Parallel Algms and ArchitecturePODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingPPoPP: Principles and Practice of Parallel ProgrammingRTSS: Real Time Systems SympSOSP: ACM SIGOPS Symp on OS PrinciplesSOSDI: Usenix Symp on OS Design and ImplementationCCS: ACM Conf on Comp and Communications SecurityIEEE Symposium on Security and PrivacyMOBICOM: ACM Intl Conf on Mobile Computing and NetworkingUSENIX Conf on Internet Tech and SysICNP: Intl Conf on Network ProtocolsPACT: Intl Conf on Parallel Arch and Compil TechRTAS: IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium ICDCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Distributed Comp SystemsRank 2:CC: Compiler ConstructionIPDPS: Intl Parallel and Dist Processing SympIC3N: Intl Conf on Comp Comm and NetworksICPP: Intl Conf on Parallel ProcessingSRDS: Symp on Reliable Distributed SystemsMPPOI: Massively Par Proc Using Opt InterconnsASAP: Intl Conf on Apps for Specific Array ProcessorsEuro-Par: European Conf. on Parallel ComputingFast Software EncryptionUsenix Security SymposiumEuropean Symposium on Research in Computer SecurityWCW: Web Caching WorkshopLCN: IEEE Annual Conference on Local Computer NetworksIPCCC: IEEE Intl Phoenix Conf on Comp & CommunicationsCCC: Cluster Computing ConferenceICC: Intl Conf on CommWCNC: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking ConferenceCSFW: IEEE Computer Security Foundations WorkshopRank 3:MPCS: Intl. Conf. on Massively Parallel Computing SystemsGLOBECOM: Global CommICCC: Intl Conf on Comp CommunicationNOMS: IEEE Network Operations and Management SympCONPAR: Intl Conf on Vector and Parallel ProcessingVAPP: Vector and Parallel ProcessingICPADS: Intl Conf. on Parallel and Distributed SystemsPublic Key CryptosystemsAnnual Workshop on Selected Areas in CryptographyAustralasia Conference on Information Security and PrivacyInt. Conf on Inofrm and Comm. SecurityFinancial CryptographyWorkshop on Information HidingSmart Card Research and Advanced Application ConferenceICON: Intl Conf on NetworksNCC: Nat Conf CommIN: IEEE Intell Network WorkshopSoftcomm: Conf on Software in Tcomms and Comp NetworksINET: Internet Society ConfWorkshop on Security and Privacy in E-commerceUn-ranked:PARCO: Parallel ComputingSE: Intl Conf on Systems Engineering (**)PDSECA: workshop on Parallel and Distributed Scientific and Engineering Computing with Appli cationsCACS: Computer Audit, Control and Security ConferenceSREIS: Symposium on Requirements Engineering for Information SecuritySAFECOMP: International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and SecurityIREJVM: Workshop on Intermediate Representation Engineering for the Java Virtual Machine EC: ACM Conference on Electronic CommerceEWSPT: European Workshop on Software Process TechnologyHotOS: Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating SystemsHPTS: High Performance Transaction SystemsHybrid SystemsICEIS: International Conference on Enterprise Information SystemsIOPADS: I/O in Parallel and Distributed SystemsIRREGULAR: Workshop on Parallel Algorithms for Irregularly Structured ProblemsKiVS: Kommunikation in Verteilten SystemenLCR: Languages, Compilers, and Run-Time Systems for Scalable ComputersMCS: Multiple Classifier SystemsMSS: Symposium on Mass Storage SystemsNGITS: Next Generation Information Technologies and SystemsOOIS: Object Oriented Information SystemsSCM: System Configuration ManagementSecurity Protocols WorkshopSIGOPS European WorkshopSPDP: Symposium on Parallel and Distributed ProcessingTreDS: Trends in Distributed SystemsUSENIX Technical ConferenceVISUAL: Visual Information and Information SystemsFoDS: Foundations of Distributed Systems: Design and Verification of Protocols conference RV: Post-CAV Workshop on Runtime VerificationICAIS: International ICSC-NAISO Congress on Autonomous Intelligent SystemsITiCSE: Conference on Integrating Technology into Computer Science EducationCSCS: CyberSystems and Computer Science ConferenceAUIC: Australasian User Interface ConferenceITI: Meeting of Researchers in Computer Science, Information Systems Research & Statistics European Conference on Parallel ProcessingRODLICS: Wses International Conference on Robotics, Distance Learning & Intelligent Communic ation SystemsInternational Conference On Multimedia, Internet & Video TechnologiesPaCT: Parallel Computing Technologies workshopPPAM: International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied MathematicsInternational Conference On Information Networks, Systems And TechnologiesAmiRE: Conference on Autonomous Minirobots for Research and EdutainmentDSN: The International Conference on Dependable Systems and NetworksIHW: Information Hiding WorkshopGTVMT: International Workshop on Graph Transformation and Visual Modeling Techniques AREA: Programming Languages and Software EngineeringRank 1:POPL: ACM-SIGACT Symp on Principles of Prog LangsPLDI: ACM-SIGPLAN Symp on Prog Lang Design & ImplOOPSLA: OO Prog Systems, Langs and ApplicationsICFP: Intl Conf on Function ProgrammingJICSLP/ICLP/ILPS: (Joint) Intl Conf/Symp on Logic ProgICSE: Intl Conf on Software EngineeringFSE: ACM Conf on the Foundations of Software Engineering (inc: ESEC-FSE) FM/FME: Formal Methods, World Congress/EuropeCAV: Computer Aided VerificationRank 2:CP: Intl Conf on Principles & Practice of Constraint ProgTACAS: Tools and Algos for the Const and An of SystemsESOP: European Conf on ProgrammingICCL: IEEE Intl Conf on Computer LanguagesPEPM: Symp on Partial Evalutation and Prog ManipulationSAS: Static Analysis SymposiumRTA: Rewriting Techniques and ApplicationsIWSSD: Intl Workshop on S/W Spec & DesignCAiSE: Intl Conf on Advanced Info System EngineeringSSR: ACM SIGSOFT Working Conf on Software ReusabilitySEKE: Intl Conf on S/E and Knowledge EngineeringICSR: IEEE Intl Conf on Software ReuseASE: Automated Software Engineering ConferencePADL: Practical Aspects of Declarative LanguagesISRE: Requirements EngineeringICECCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Eng. of Complex Computer SystemsIEEE Intl Conf on Formal Engineering MethodsIntl Conf on Integrated Formal MethodsFOSSACS: Foundations of Software Science and Comp StructAPLAS: Asian Symposium on Programming Languages and SystemsMPC: Mathematics of Program ConstructionECOOP: European Conference on Object-Oriented ProgrammingICSM: Intl. Conf on Software MaintenanceHASKELL - Haskell WorkshopRank 3:FASE: Fund Appr to Soft EngAPSEC: Asia-Pacific S/E ConfPAP/PACT: Practical Aspects of PROLOG/Constraint TechALP: Intl Conf on Algebraic and Logic ProgrammingPLILP: Prog, Lang Implentation & Logic ProgrammingLOPSTR: Intl Workshop on Logic Prog Synthesis & TransfICCC: Intl Conf on Compiler ConstructionCOMPSAC: Intl. Computer S/W and Applications ConfTAPSOFT: Intl Joint Conf on Theory & Pract of S/W DevWCRE: SIGSOFT Working Conf on Reverse EngineeringAQSDT: Symp on Assessment of Quality S/W Dev ToolsIFIP Intl Conf on Open Distributed ProcessingIntl Conf of Z UsersIFIP Joint Int'l Conference on Formal Description Techniques and Protocol Specification, Tes ting, And VerificationPSI (Ershov conference)UML: International Conference on the Unified Modeling LanguageUn-ranked:Australian Software Engineering ConferenceIEEE Int. W'shop on Object-oriented Real-time Dependable Sys. (WORDS)IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems EngineeringThe Northern Formal Methods WorkshopsFormal Methods PacificInt. Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical SystemsJFPLC - International French Speaking Conference on Logic and Constraint ProgrammingL&L - Workshop on Logic and LearningSFP - Scottish Functional Programming WorkshopLCCS - International Workshop on Logic and Complexity in Computer ScienceVLFM - Visual Languages and Formal MethodsNASA LaRC Formal Methods WorkshopPASTE: Workshop on Program Analysis For Software Tools and EngineeringTLCA: Typed Lambda Calculus and ApplicationsFATES - A Satellite workshop on Formal Approaches to Testing of SoftwareWorkshop On Java For High-Performance ComputingDSLSE - Domain-Specific Languages for Software EngineeringFTJP - Workshop on Formal Techniques for Java ProgramsWFLP - International Workshop on Functional and (Constraint) Logic ProgrammingFOOL - International Workshop on Foundations of Object-Oriented LanguagesSREIS - Symposium on Requirements Engineering for Information SecurityHLPP - International workshop on High-level parallel programming and applicationsINAP - International Conference on Applications of PrologMPOOL - Workshop on Multiparadigm Programming with OO LanguagesPADO - Symposium on Programs as Data ObjectsTOOLS: Int'l Conf Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and SystemsAustralasian Conference on Parallel And Real-Time SystemsPASTE: Workshop on Program Analysis For Software Tools and EngineeringAvoCS: Workshop on Automated Verification of Critical SystemsSPIN: Workshop on Model Checking of SoftwareFemSys: Workshop on Formal Design of Safety Critical Embedded SystemsAda-EuropePPDP: Principles and Practice of Declarative ProgrammingAPL ConferenceASM: Workshops on Abstract State MachinesCOORDINATION: Coordination Models and LanguagesDocEng: ACM Symposium on Document EngineeringDSV-IS: Design, Specification, and Verification of Interactive SystemsFMCAD: Formal Methods in Computer-Aided DesignFMLDO: Workshop on Foundations of Models and Languages for Data and ObjectsIFL: Implementation of Functional LanguagesILP: International Workshop on Inductive Logic ProgrammingISSTA: International Symposium on Software Testing and AnalysisITC: International Test ConferenceIWFM: Irish Workshop in Formal MethodsJava GrandeLP: Logic Programming: Japanese ConferenceLPAR: Logic Programming and Automated ReasoningLPE: Workshop on Logic Programming EnvironmentsLPNMR: Logic Programming and Non-monotonic ReasoningPJW: Workshop on Persistence and JavaRCLP: Russian Conference on Logic ProgrammingSTEP: Software Technology and Engineering PracticeTestCom: IFIP International Conference on Testing of Communicating SystemsVL: Visual LanguagesFMPPTA: Workshop on Formal Methods for Parallel Programming Theory and Applications WRS: International Workshop on Reduction Strategies in Rewriting and Programming FATES: A Satellite workshop on Formal Approaches to Testing of Software FORMALWARE: Meeting on Formalware Engineering: Formal Methods for Engineering Software DRE: conference Data Reverse EngineeringSTAREAST: Software Testing Analysis & Review ConferenceConference on Applied Mathematics and Scientific ComputingInternational Testing Computer Software ConferenceLinux Showcase & ConferenceFLOPS: International Symposum on Functional and Logic ProgrammingGCSE: International Conference on Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering JOSES: Java Optimization Strategies for Embedded Systems。

计算机期刊大全【前言】随着计算机技术的快速发展，越来越多的人开始关注计算机期刊，以获取最新的科研成果和技术进展。

本文旨在介绍全球范围内主要的计算机期刊，帮助读者了解各期刊的主题范围、影响因子、最新收录论文等信息，以提高论文发表效率和科研成果的质量。

【一、计算机科学顶级期刊】计算机领域的顶级期刊，对于任何一位计算机科学家来说，都是非常重要的。

这些期刊的文章水平高、质量优，其发表文章往往具有一定的权威性和影响力。

以下是全球最著名的计算机科学顶级期刊：1.《ACM Transactions on Computer Systems》（ACM TOCS）主题范围：该期刊关注计算机系统的设计、分析、实现和评估等方面，特别是操作系统、网络、分布式系统、数据库管理系统和存储系统等方面的最新研究成果。

影响因子：3.612发行周期：每年4期最新收录论文：Content-Based Data Placement for Efficient Query Processing on Heterogeneous Storage Systems, A Framework for Evaluating Kernel-Level Detectors, etc.2.《IEEE Transactions on Computers》（IEEE TC）主题范围：该期刊刊登计算机科学领域的创新性研究成果，重点关注计算机系统、组件和软件的设计、分析、实现和评估等方面的最新进展。

影响因子：4.804发行周期：每月1期最新收录论文：A Comprehensive View of Datacenter Network Architecture, Design, and Operations, An Efficient GPU Implementation of Imperfect Hash Tables, etc.3.《IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering》（IEEE TSE）主题范围：该期刊涉及软件工程领域的各个方面，包括软件开发、可靠性、维护、测试等方面的最新研究成果。

美国计算机类专业院校介绍卡内基梅隆大学教研实力CMU是全美乃至全世界的计算机学院。

对于一般的美国院校来说，计算机科学仅仅设置为一个系，即DepartmentofComputerScience,不过，CMU对CS的建设非常有诚意，直接就开设成为了一个院SchoolofComputerScience。

研究方向相当全面，研究水平也相当高，你能想到的计算机方面的研究、分支它基本都有，而且还有很多你闻所未闻、十分前沿的研究方向。

CMU的计算机科学学院，最新的设置是下面设有八个系，分别为：1.计算机科学部门(ComputerScienceDepartment)2.人机交互研究所(Human-ComputerInteractionInstitute)3.娱乐科技部门(EntertainmentTechnologyCenter)由计算机科学学院和艺术学院共同组建4.计算生物学部门(ComputationalBiology)由计算机学院和梅隆科学院合办5.软件研究所(InstituteforSoftwareResearch)MasterofSoftwareEngineering就开设在其中，还有InformationTechnology等等6.语言技术研究所(LanguageTechnologiesInstitute,LTI)7.机器人研究所(TheRoboticsInstitute)8.机器学习部门(MachineLeaning)研究领域及出路：基于研究人员的庞大，本校涵盖了计算机科学的所有研究方向，不单细致地做每一个研究方向，并且将这些研究方向的应用也有较为深入的研究，在所有这些方向里，尤其是软件工程方向，CMU的软件工程专业被喻为皇冠上的明珠，所以这个方向也是最难申请。

地理位置：CMU现在有两个校区，主校区位于宾州的匹兹堡，还有一个校区比较新，是2002年在硅谷开设的一个新校区，简称CMU-SV。

主校区地理位置没有什么特别的亮点，反正就在东北部，硅谷的地理位置就比较得天独厚了，所有的公司应有尽有，苹果，谷歌，Facebook，都在附近几千米的距离，要找实习、找工作，确实是太便利了，简直能够说是就在家门口。

©2020 Mellanox Technologies. All rights reserved.†For illustration only. Actual products may vary.SB7780 and SB7880 InfiniBand routers enable new levels of subnets isolation and compute-to-storage connectivity, critical to large-scale and diverse data-centers.Scaling-Out Data Centers with EDR 100G InfiniBandHigh Performance Computing (HPC), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Data-Intensive and Cloud infrastructures all leverage InfiniBand’s high data throughput, extremely low latency, and smart In-Network Computing acceleration engines to deliver world-leading application performance and scalability, while reducing operational costs and infrastructure complexity. Mellanox’s innovative In-Networking-based Scalable Hierarchical Aggregation and Reduction Protocol (SHARP)™ technology enables the acceleration of communications frameworks using embedded hardware, resulting in order of magnitude application and performance improvements.In cases where the separation between InfiniBand subnets and keeping connectivity to a central InfiniBand Storage are required, InfiniBand Routers are the ideal solution.Sustained Network PerformanceSB7780 / SB7880 InfiniBand routers are based on Switch-IB ® / Switch-IB ® 2 ASICs, respectively. They offer fully-flexible 36 EDR 100Gb/s ports that can be split among several different subnets. InfinBand routers bring two major enhancements to the Mellanox InfiniBand portfolio:•Increase resiliency by s plitting the data center’s network into several subnets; each subnet runs itsown subnet manager, effectively isolating each subnet from the others’ availability or instability •Enable multiple compute to storage connections while separately isolating login access to each compute subnetWorld-Class DesignSB7780 / SB7880 InfiniBand routers are elegantly designed for performance, serviceability, energy savings and high-availability. They come equipped with two highly efficient, 80 gold+ and energy star certified, power supplies.Their best-in-class design enables the EDR IB routers to support low power consumption, with ATIS weighted power consumption as low as 122W for a fully populated system. This means more power reduction if not all ports are used or fully utilized.SB7780 / SB7880 also have redundant power supplies (1+1) and their fans draw (N+1) both with air shutters for achieving maximal thermal protection.36-port Non-blocking Managed EDR 100Gb/s InfiniBand RoutersInfiniBand EDR 100Gb/s RoutersPRODUCT BRIEFSWITCH SYSTEM †© Copyright 2020. Mellanox Technologies. All rights reserved. Mellanox, Mellanox logo, MLNX-OS , Switch-IB, and UFM are registered trademarks of Mellanox Technologies, Ltd. Switch-IB, UFM and Unified Fabric Manager are trademarks of Mellanox Technologies, Ltd. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.350 Oakmead Parkway, Suite 100, Sunnyvale, CA 94085Tel: 408-970-3400 • Fax: Mellanox SB7700 and SB7880 InfiniBand Routerspage 2ManagementThe InfiniBand router’s dual-core x86 CPU runs MLNX-OS ® software package, which delivers complete chassis management of the router’s firmware, power supplies, fans and ports. The router can also becoupled with Mellanox’s Unified Fabric Manager (UFM ®) platforms to manage scale-out InfiniBand computing environments.Revolutionizing data center management, the UFM family of products combine enhanced, real-time network telemetry with AI-poweredcyber intelligence and analytics. The UFM solutions minimize downtime by enabling system admins to quickly detect and respond to potential security threats and operational issues, and predict upcoming failures.Mellanox SB7780 / SB7880–19’’ rack mountable 1U chassis –36 QSFP28 non-blocking ports with aggregate data throughput up to 7Tb/s (EDR)Router Specifications–Compliant with IBTA 1.21 and 1.3 –9 virtual lanes: 8 data + 1 management–256 to 4Kbyte MTU–8X 48K entry linear forwarding databaseManagement Ports–100/1000Mb/s Ethernet ports –RS232 port over DB9–USB port –DHCP–Familiar Industry Standard CLI –Management over IPv6 –Management IP –SNMP v1,v2,v3 –Web UIFabric Management–Unified Fabric Manager (UFM™) AgentConnectors and Cabling–QSFP28 connectors–Passive copper or active fiber cables –Optical modulesIndicators–Per port status LED Link, Activity –System status LEDs: System, fans, power supplies –Port Error LED –Unit ID LEDPhysical Characteristics–Dimensions: 1.7’’ (43.6 mm) H x 16.85’’ (428mm) W x 27’’ (685.8mm) D –Weight: 11kg (24.2lb)Power Supply–Dual redundant slots –Hot plug operation –Input range:100-127 VAC, 200-240VAC–Frequency: 50-60Hz, single phase AC, 4.5A, 2.9ACooling–Front-to-rear or rear-to-front cooling option–Hot-swappable fan unitPower Consumption–Typical Power with Passive Cables (ATIS): 136WFEATURESSafety–CB –cTUVus –CE –CUEMC (Emissions)–CE –FCC–VCCI –ICES –RCMOperating Conditions–Temperature:–Operating 0ºC to 45ºC–Non-operating -40ºC to 70ºC–Humidity:–Operating 10% to 85% non-condensing–Non-operating 10% to 90% non-condensing–Altitude: Operating -60m to 3200mAcoustic–ISO 7779 –ETS 300 753Others–RoHS compliant –Rack-mountable, 1U –1-year warrantyCOMPLIANCETable 1 - Part Numbers and Descriptions*P 2C is connector side outlet; C 2P is connector side inlet.15-7858PB Rev 1.3。

Key Terms Page 1of 6 Key TermsKey TermDefinition3G cellular network (249) A computer network that allows users to download data from the Internet at 400 to 700 Kbps using cell phone technology. analog signal (247) Continuous electronic waves. asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) (248) The most widely used types of DSL. backbone (258) A common connecting cable on which all communications travel along. (see also bus) bandwidth (249) A measurement of the width or capacity of the communication channel. base station (254) A network’s centrally located receiver that interprets incoming radio frequencies and routes communications to the appropriate devices. (see also wireless receiver) bits per second (bps) (247) How transfer speed is measured Bluetooth (245) A short-range wireless communication standard that uses microwaves to transmit data over short distances broadband (250) The bandwidth used for high-capacity transmissions. broadcast radio (245) Uses radio signals to send and receive signals from wireless devices. bus (258) A common connecting cable on which all communications travel along. (see also backbone) bus network (258) Each device in the network handles its own communications control. cable modem (249) Use existing television cables to provide high-speed connections to the Internet. cellular service (249) Offer an alternative for mobile devices and laptops. client (251) A node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes. client/server network system (260) A computer network where one computer coordinates and supplies services to other nodes on the network. coaxial cable (244) A high-frequency transmission cable with a single solid-copper core. Communication channel (244) The actual connecting or transmission medium that carries the message. Communication system (243) An electronic system that transmit data from one location to another computer network (251) A communication system that connects two or more computers so that they can exchange information and share resources. connectivity (242) Using computer networks to link people and resources. demodulation (247) The process of converting from analog to digital. dial-up service (248) Using standard telephone lines and conventional modems to link to the Internet or other computers digital signal (247) A representation of the presence or absence of an electronic pulse – on/off digital subscriber line (DSL) (248) Uses existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections distributed data processing system Computers that can perform processing tasks at their own Key Terms Page 2of 6 (258) dispersed locations. distributed processing (251) A system in which computing power is located and shared at different locations. domain name server (DNS) (250) Converts text-based addresses to IP addresses Ethernet (253) The most common way in which nodes can be connected to one another and communications can be controlled. external modem (247) A modem that stands apart from the computer and typically is connected by a cable to the computer’s serial port. extranet (262) A private network that connects more than one organization. fiber-optic cable (244) Transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass. firewall (263) A security system designed to protect an organization’s network against external threats. global positioning system (GPS) (245) Global positioning system (GPS) devices use location information sent by satellites to uniquely determine the geographic location of the device. hierarchical network (258) Consists of several computers linked to a central host computer, but also are hosts to other, smaller computers or peripheral devices. home network (254) Local Area Networks used by individuals in their homes and apartments. host computer (251) A large centralized computer, usually a minicomputer or a mainframe. hub (251) The center or central node for other nodes. infrared (245) A type of wireless connection that uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances. internal modem (248) A modem that consists of a plug-in circuit board inside the system unit. intranet (262) A private network within an organization that resembles the Internet. IP address (Internet Protocol address) (250) A unique numeric address for every computer on a network. local area network (LAN) (253) Networks with nodes that are in close physical proximity low bandwidth (250) Used for standard telephone communication. (see also voiceband) medium band (250) the bandwidth used in special leased lines to connect minicomputers and mainframes metropolitan area network (MAN) (254) A network that span distances up to 100 miles. microwave (245) A type of communication uses high-frequency radio waves. modem (247) Modulator-demodulator, enables digital microcomputers to communicate across analog telephone lines. modulation (247) The process of converting from digital to analog. network administrator (251, 264) A computer specialist responsible for efficient network operations and implementation of new networks. network gateway (253) A device that allows one LAN to be linked to other LANs or to larger networks. network hub (255) A central unit in a network, such as a server. Key Terms Page 3of 6 network interface card (NIC) (251) Expansion cards located within the system unit that connect the computer to a network network operating system (NOS) (251) An operating system that control and coordinate the activities of all computers and other devices on a network. node (251) Any device that is connected to a network. packet (250) Data reformatted or broken down into small parts PC Card modem (248) A modem that is a credit card –size expansion board that is inserted into portable computers peer-to-peer network system (261) A network system where nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers. polling (255) A type of communications where each connecting device is asked whether it has a message to send. protocol (250) Rules for exchanging data between computers proxy server (263) A computer through which all communications between the company’s internal n etworks and the outside world must pass. ring network (258) Each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring with no central computer satellite (245) A type of communication that uses satellites orbiting about 22,000 miles above the earth as microwave relay stations. satellite/air connection service (249) Use satellites and the air to download or send data to users at a rate seven times faster than dial-up connections. server (251) A node that shares resources with other nodes. star network (255) A number of small computers or peripheral devices are linked to a central unit. strategy (260) A way of coordinating the sharing of information and resources T1, T2, T3, T4 lines (248) Special high-speed lines leased from telephone companies. telephone line (244) A type of cable that uses 2, 4, or 8 pairs of copper wire. terminal network (260) A network system where processing power is centralized in one large computer, usually a mainframe. time-sharing system (258) Several users can share resources (time) on a central computer. topology (255) How a network is arranged or configured transfer rate (247) The speed at which data can be transmitted Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (250) The standard protocol for the Internet voiceband (250) Used for standard telephone communication. (see also low bandwidth) wide area network (WAN) (254) A countrywide or worldwide network that spans distances greater than 100 miles. Wi-FI (wireless fidelity) (245) A wireless standard used to connect computers to each other and to the Internet. wireless LAN (WLAN) (254) Local area network that uses wireless devices to connect nodes together. wireless modem (248) A modem that may be internal, external, or a PC Card sends and receives through the air. wireless receiver (254) A network’s centrally located receiver that interprets incoming radio frequencies and routes communications to the appropriate devices. (see also base station) Crossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer 5 Interprets and routs incoming radio frequencies. Base station7 Continuous electronic waves. Analog9 Configuration of a network. topology10 Network interface card. NIC11 Transfer speed or transfer rate. bps12 Short range wireless communication standard. bluetooth14 Measurement of the width of the communication channel. bandwidth DownNum. Clue Answer 1 Node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes. client 2 Each device in the network handles its own communications. Bus network 3 Device that allows links between LANs. Network gateway 4 Process that converts digital to analog. modulation6 Pieces of a message sent over the Internet. packets8 Global positioning system. GPS13 Any device that is connected to a network. node15 Uses existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections. DSL 16 Central node for other nodes. hubNum Multiple ChoiceAnswers Matching Answers1 C G 2 B B 3 A A 4 D I 5 C H 6 D E 7 B C 8 B J 9 B D 10 D F Open Ended Questions:to another 2.Identify and describe the various physical and wireless communication channels.PhysicalTelephone lines - consist of twisted-pair cable made up of hundreds of copper wires. Coaxial cable- a high-frequency transmission cable with a single solid-copper core. Fiber-optic cable - transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass. WirelessInfrared - uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances. Broadcast radio sends and receive radio signals through transceivers. Microwave - uses high-frequency radio waves. Satellite - uses satellites orbiting above the earth as microwave relay stations. 3.Identify the standard Internet protocol and discuss its essential features.The standard protocol for the Internet is TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol). Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric address called an IP address. Information is reformatted or broken down into small parts called packets. 4.Define and discuss the four principal network topologies.S tar network - a number of small computers or peripheral devices are linked to a central unit. Bus network - each device in the network handles its own communications control. Ring network - each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring. Hierarchical network— consists of several computers linked to a central host computer, and also hosts to other, smaller computers or to peripheral devices. 5.Define and discuss the three most common network strategies.Terminal network system,- processing power is centralized in one large computer, usually a mainframe.  - use one computer to coordinate and supply services to other Client/server network systems - use one computer to coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network. Peer-to-peer network system, nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers. Answers to End of Chapter materials Page 5 of 6 Focus Applying Technology Expanding YourKnowledgeWriting AboutTechnologyEthical Electronic Monitoring Digital Rights Management Web Tools Palm How Napster and Gnutella Work Software Tools Home Networking Distributed Computing How Wireless Home Networks Work Hotspots Writing Skills Ethical focusWriting About Technology exercise #1 Electronic Monitoring explores the FBI Carnivore monitoring system and how it affects personal privacy. Writing About Technology exercise #2 Digital Rights Management explores the issue of sharing copyrighted material over the Internet and how it affects software piracy. Applying Technology exercise #3 Palm explores how Palms work with the Internet and looks at the types of information are available. Expanding Your Knowledge #2 How Napster and Gnutella Work looks at the different types of network architectures employed by each program and their efficiencies. Applying Technology exercise #1 Home Networking works with the Making it Work for you section in exploring the different types of home networking and how to configure Applying Technology exercise #2 Distributed Computing has the students research the concept of distributed computing, how it works, and why it is beneficial. Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Wireless Home Networks Work has the students discover basic features and functionalities of home networking and how they can Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #3 Hotspots has the student explore the technology of public Internet access and what is necessary to use it. 。