河北省高考英语二轮复习专题训练 阅读理解(95)

河北省2020高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（95）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

AWhen you think of snowy winter festivals, Sapporo in Japan probably isn't the first thing that comes to mind. In Japan, there are winter festivals every year that draw great crowds and offer lots of attractions to everybody.The biggest one is the Sapporo Snow Festival which is held every year in February on Japan's snow covered northern island, Hokkaido(北海道). The Sapporo Snow Festival was the first of its kind held in Japan, and it is still the biggest. Every year, 2 million snow lovers rush to Sapporo, the biggest city in Hokkaido, to enjoy the Snow Festival in the first two weeks of February. At the Festival, you can see hundreds of snow sculptures made by artists from all over the world. Some are a couple of building stories high and weigh tons. There are ice sculptures too, and ice bars where you can go inside and have a beer.The Sapporo Snow Festival was started in the 1950's by a group of high school kids. Feeling very bored in winter, they started a snow sculptures competition. Every year, more kids took part in the competition and now the festival draws snow artists from 15 different countries. There are also musical performances, light shows, and snowball fights.Every major area has its own snow festival. One of the most popular is the Iwate Snow Festival. It's held in the small town of Shizukuishi in early or mid-February. Iwate is also famous for its yearly fireworks displays, where festival-goers can watch the colors reflected off the snow. In Iwate, you can see traditional Japanese musicians and dancers perform on floats.If you want a truly unique winter festival experience, northern Japanis a great place to go. Just make sure you dress warmly.1. Why is the Sapporo Snow Festival famous in Japan?A．The snow in Hokkaido is very thick.B．it is the first and the biggest in JapanC．There are lots of snow sculptures there.D．its snow sculptures are the highest.2．When is the Sapporo Snow Festival held in Japan?A．In late February.B．From January to February.C．In the first two weeks of February.D．Two weeks before February.3．Who started the Sapporo Snow Festival at first?A．The government of Sapporo.B．Artists from all over the world.C．Kids who liked outside activities..D．A group of high school students.4．The author wrote the passage to _______.A．introduce Japan’s Sapporo Snow FestivalB．attract people to take part in northern Japan’s winter festival C．introduce Japan’s winter festival activitiesD．tell us the history of Japan’s winter festivalsBHow did a high school football coach build a championship dynasty by never playing to win? In Smith Center, Kansas, Roger Barta, 64, a longtime coach and former math teacher at Smith Center High School, wearing a red shirt, stood before his players. “…Guys. We don't talk about winning and losing. We talk about getting a little better every day, about being a team.” Over the next four months, his team went on to beat other teams, winning another perfect season.Barta grew up in Plainville, and when a back injury ended Barta's playing career, he wasn't sure whether he wanted to be a college student. One summer, he took a job in the Kansas oil fields. It took him a single rainy day of working in the field to realize that university was for him. “I almost fro ze to death,” he says. He looked around at his co-workers, who were aged beyond their years. "They were all missing fingers and teeth. I didn't want to do that for the rest of my life."He returned to Fort Hays State to earn a mathematics degree and went on to get a master's in math education at the University of Georgia. Today, Barta spends as much time helping players figure out what they want to do with their lives as he does coaching.To most kids here, Barta is not just a winning coach but also a mentor(导师，顾问). Barta insists that the members of his team be well-rounded. During last year's playoffs(附加赛), for instance, Joe Osburn was struggling with Macbeth in English class. Barta told him that either he mastered Shakespeare or his season was finished. Barta got the captains involved, and they took turns quizzing Osburn on his lines of Shakespeare. He pulled his grades up and kept playing.“Roger likes everything about football,” says Barta's wife, Pam. “But what he loves most is watching the boys learn a li ttle more.”5．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?A．How Barta built a championship dynasty?B．Barta’s career as a coach.C．How Barta taught his students football skills.D．Barta’s attitude towards winning and losing.6．From the the passage we know Barta .A．hurt his back in an oil fieldB．didn’t want to be a college studentC．wasn’t satisfied with being an oil workerD．began his playing career at high school7．Which of the following statements about Barta is TRUE??A．He earned his master’s degree from Fort Hays State.B．He helps his players deal with life.C．He likes Shakespeare very much.D．He loves football more than anything else.8．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A．How to Be a Good Football CoachB．A Brief Introduction to Roger BartaC．Coach and Math Teacher—Roger BartaD．Life Coach—Roger BartaCWhen you enter a crowded room or go on a picnic or to a party, who is the most attractive and appealing person? It is the person who is cheerful, hasa smiling face and behaves as if he or she is enjoying every moment of the event! Such people have an optimistic opinion on life. They are the ones with a positive attitude. On the other hand, let’s see that fellow in the corner with a long face. He is most probably thinking about the time and money wasted in having fun. He is a pessimist, one with a negative attitude.A person with a positive attitude gets on well with the job at hand. He doesn’t worry about what’s gone before or what might happen in the future.If there is a problem, he quickly thinks of ways to solve it. If the problem cannot be solved singly, he seeks help from someone else. He doesn’t feel that it’s beneath his dignity to seek assistance.When Sonal lost her history notes days before an important examination, she sat down and cried. Then she pulled herself together, borrowed a friend’s notes, worked day and night and managed to copy down whatever she had lost. Sonal passed the exam with flying colors.It’s just not possible, even for the greatest optimist, to smile all the time and feel good all day. Everyone has a period of blues now and then, when everything seems sad and without cheer. But once you develop a positive attitude, once you realize that life is a series of ups and downs, dark clouds and bright sunshine, in no time at all, you’ve bounced back, ready to welcome the world again with open arms and a huge smile! So from this moment on, keep your face to the sunshine and you’ll never see the shadows.9. What might be the best title of the passage？A. To live with an aim in lifeB. To be a pessimist or optimistC. Life is full of ups and downsD. Develop the positive attitude10. The case of Sonal suggested that _______.A. a person can solve the problem once he thinks of a wayB. Sonal made up for what she had lost by working day and nightC. Sonal was a pessimist because he lost her history notesD. the history notes that she lost was not important for her11. The underlined phrase bounced back in the last paragraph means_______.A. moved back and forthB. jumped upC. returned to active stateD. came back12. According to the last paragraph, which of the following statement is TRUE?A. If you always look at the shadows, you will be in high spirits.B. It is impossible for a person to be in a good mood all the time.C. A negative attitude will make you welcome life with a big smile.D. When someone feels sad, he thinks the world comes to an end.DTOUR THE BLUE MOUNTAINS IN COMFORT WITH OZ TRAILSK nown as “The Grand Canyon” of Australia, it is located a short distance (55 km) from Sydney .In 2000 this area was added to the “World Heritage List” of UNESCO as it has: deep valleys, impressive waterfalls, excellent bushes and rich plants and animals.The Blue Mountains covers about 10,000 km and extends 220 km.The Blue Mountains area contains eight conservation areas, six Aboriginal language groups .It is also home to 127 kinds of rare or threatened plants and 52 kinds of rare or threatened animals.LET OZ TRAILS SHOW YOU AUSTRALIAN NATURE AT IT’S BEST!Oz Trails has been in operation since 1999 and has shown the Blue Mountainsto thousands of travelers from all over the world.OZ TRAILS is recommended by the "LONELY PLANET" and "LET'S GO" travel guides, both of which are popular travel books in Australia.We also offer special tours in and around Sydney. Taking small groups only, we prideourselves on customer service. We offer travelers individual attention that is not available on otherlarge tours.All the tours are also available at charter rates (包租费) whether you wish to bring a whole group or have the tour just for yourself. We can make a tour to meet your special needs.6 REASONS TO TOUR THE BLUE MOUNTAINS WITH OZ TRAILS1.Small groups only (max 24 passengers in each bus).2.Free hotel pickup anywhere in city centre (and also in Coogee, Bondi and Manly) by arrangement in advance.3.Perfect guides with a broad knowledge.4.We are able to take you to see all the famous places in Australia.5.Our tours are both affordable and satisfying.fortable—air-conditioned buses.13. The author wrote this passage to________.A. introduce famous scenic sports around SydneyB. attract tourists to the Blue MountainsC. advertise a tour agency named Oz TrailsD. give advice on how to choose a tour company14. Which of the following does Oz Trails offer?A. Small group tours with not more than 24 tourists.B. Buses without air conditioners.C. Charter rates for groups of 24.D. One-to-one service at a low price.15. We can learn from the passage that________.A. Coogee and Bondi are located in the city centerB. travelers need to book their pickup in advanceC. OZ TRAILS can take you to foreign countriesD. “Lonely Planet” is a famous travel company16. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The price of the tour service.B. The services the agency can offer.C. Some of the features of the Blue Mountains.D. A brief introduction to Oz Trails.EA woman wears a face mask to protect her from polluted air in Lanzhou, China, in December.A new study showed air pollution might put people more at risk for heart disease than scientists had thought. Kristin Miller, a doctoral student at the University of Washington, said chances of getting the disease were related to not only which city a woman lived in, but also where in the city. The study found that the effects of air pollution were often larger within cities than between cities.The new findings make experts suspect that current pollution limits maybe inadequate. Scientists examined rates of heart attack, stroke (中风) and other cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events in women with long-term exposure to air pollution.The study involved women over the age of fifty who had no sign of cardiovascular disease at the start of the research. The study followed the women for as long as nine years to see how they would develop cardiovascular problems.The researchers also examined levels of fine particles (粒子，微粒) in the air in 36 areas across the country. That information came from the Environmental Protection Agency. The extremely small particles came from industrial smoke and traffic, along with things like wood-burning fireplaces in houses.In the study, every ten-microgram increase in pollution was linked to a twenty-four percent increase in the risk of a cardiovascular event. But it was related to a seventy-six percent increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular disease.But just how do particles in the air damage the cardiovascular system? The particles may cause the lungs to swell and release chemicals from the pollutants into the blood. The chemicals then could damage the heart.17. The passage mainly talks about______.A. the effects of pollution on womenB. how to protect women from air pollutionC. how air pollution damages a person’s heartD. the relationship between air pollution and heart diseases18. The case of the woman wearing a face mask shows ______.A. people are paying more and more attention to their healthB. the woman is afraid of getting heart diseaseC. Lanzhou city is more heavily polluted than other citiesD. air pollution is becoming more and more serious19. We can learn from the passage that _______.A. air pollution is more serious than scientists thoughtB. the control of air pollution is effective in some citiesC. people throughout a city have the same risk of getting heart diseasesD. air pollution affects women more than men20. The study implies that ______.A. air pollution has a bigger effect on older women than younger womenB. small particles in the air mainly come from industrial smokeC. the rise in air pollution may lead to a higher death rate fromcardiovascular diseaseD. air pollution has been affecting people for as long as nine years inthe city of LanzhouA篇 BCDB B篇ACBD C篇DACB D篇CABA E篇DDAC。

2023高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解专题记叙文记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。

高考英语阅读理解中的记叙文类文章一般包括人物传记、哲理或故事等。

人物传记类文章描述某个人的生平事迹、奋斗历程；故事类文章通过一个小故事，说明一个道理。

一、考情分析通常一套卷有一篇记叙文，个别试卷选用两篇记叙文。

所选的记叙文多以第一人称或第三人称为主，讲述一个短小精悍、有教育意义的故事，有时也会选用生活中的轶闻趣事。

所讲述的故事题材丰富多样、富有生活气息，多按时间顺序叙述，偶尔也会有倒叙或插叙的情形。

从命题上看，记叙文阅读理解以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，以观点态度题、写作意图题、词义猜测题和代词指代题为辅，难度总体上属于中等程度。

记叙文阅读理解题要求考生能理清记叙的顺序与所讲故事的情节，能准确把握人物的情感态度和作者的写作目的。

二、文体特点与阅读策略1. 语言与结构特点英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点或过程。

其特点是：主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过人物、事件来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。

阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线。

2. 答题误区记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。

解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。

3. 阅读策略在做阅读理解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中提到的多个时间、地点和人物，理清事件的起因、经过和结果；然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息作出正确的选择。

河北省2020高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（99）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

AToday, roller skating is easy and fun. But a long time ago, it wasn't easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn't exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin's work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball (化装舞会). He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin's grand entrance for a long time!1. The text is mainly about _______.A. a strange manB. an unusual partyC. how roller skating beganD. how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century2. People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he _______.A. often gave others surprisesB. was a gifted musicianC. invited the roller skatesD. was full of imagination3. Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to _______.A. impress the party guestsB. arrive at the party soonerC. test his inventionD. show his skill in walking on wheels4. What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?A. The roller skates needed further improvement.B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool.C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.D. Merlin got himself into trouble.BSydney 2020-01-01 08:33 --- mother of two, Jillian Searle, had to choose between her children when she made a life-or-death decision.Swept up by mountainous tsunami（海啸）waves at a Thai resort ( 旅游胜地), she couldn't hold on to both her young sons and survive. Fighting to stay above the waters, she had to choose which one would have to take his chances in the swirling torrent ( 漩流 ).“I knew I had to let go of one of them and I just thought I’d better let go of the one that's the older,”she told Sky News Television in a report broadcast on Thursday. She said she was accompanied by the two boys, Lachie,5, and two-year-old Blake, and their father, Brad, who had watched the drama helplessly from their first-floor hotel room, when the waves struck. “and I was screaming, trying to find him, and we thought he was dead,” she told reporters on arrival back in Australia.Lachie was found alive about 2 hours later clinging (扳住) to a door and, looked uninjured as his mother spoke to reporters.British surfer ( 冲浪运动员) Martin Markwell is also a lucky man. He had always dreamed of catching that perfect wave-- but when it finally came along, it was a nightmare (噩梦). He was on his surfboard when he was swept up by a tsunami wave.“It was really terrible because I was surfing. I was really surfing on a wave I wasn't supposed to be on.” he said.“As an experienced surfer, when I saw the wave come, I realized something was wrong, but I couldn't escape because my surfboard was tied to my ankle（脚踝）.”His wife Vicki and son Jake looked on in horror from a hotel balcony (阳台) as he crashed towards the shore. Luckily, he stayed atop his board until he reached the hotel, jumped off and got to safety as the ocean rolled back to feed a much larger tsunami wave on its way. The family regrouped and ran to safety just minutes before a giant tsunami wave 10 meters high.5. When the waves struck, the father Brad _______.A. reported the disaster to Sky News TelevisionB. was watching a drama on TV in the hotelC. tried to find his son lost in the watersD. watched things going on, unable to do anything6. The underlined word “him” in the third paragraph refers to _______.A. an old manB. LachieC. BradD. Blake7. It's not true that Lachie and Martin _______.A. were both accompanied by their family when the disaster happenedB. both survived from the high waves when tsunami struckC. were both travelers from Europe on holiday in ThailandD. were both alive owing to their proper judgment and determination8. The best title of this news story would be_______.A. Narrow escapeB. Disaster caused by tsunamiC. Exciting surfing experienceD. Struggle against tsunamiCOver many years, there has been an increase in the population of towns in many countries, as millions of people have moved from the villages in search of better jobs and facilities (设施), in the hope of getting a higher standard of living. This development has led to huge expansions of towns both upwards into the sky and outwards into the surrounding countryside. In spite of all the efforts of governments and private businesses, many areas still suffer from a serious shortage of housing.Now, a new idea has been put forward which will utilize (利用 vt.) areas which have no other obvious commercial potential (商业潜能). These are the ponds, small lakes, disused docks (码头), and other areas of water, many of which can be found near, or even in the suburbs (郊区) of big towns.A new style of construction has been designed which will provide a house for less than half the cost of the normal building. The main saving is, of course, the land, because the new houses will float on water. There will beno need for foundations; instead the house will be built on a frame (框架) made of steel which is expected to cost about ￡5,000. Above this the builders will make a house with two, three, or four bedrooms and all the usual modern conveniences, as well as a roof garden. Each house will be joined to the main services supplying water, gas, and electricity and they will have a vacuum sewage disposal (真空污水处理) system. All the service links will have enough flexibility (灵活性) to allow for small differences in the water level caused by wet and dry periods of weather.The first houses to be built are expected to cost between ￡20,000 and ￡30,000 according to size and it is already clear that there is a very good potential market for the new system. As the cost is comparatively low, young people and common citizens would like to buy.9. So many people have moved into towns because _______．A. they enjoy the facilitiesB. they expect to live a better lifeC. they expect to get better jobsD. there is a shortage of jobs in villages10. What is the main advantage of the new idea?A. It will help relieve（缓解）the housing shortage.B. It will utilize disused areas of water.C. It will provide jobs.D. It will help the suburbs.11. The new houses will be built on _______．A. waterside areasB. a stone foundationC. lakes and riversD. a steel frame12. The price of the new houses will _______．A. encourage private and government buildersB. attract ordinary people in the towns to buyC. vary in different areas according to the policyD. help the housing market in the countrysideDAnimals seem to have the sense (本能) to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need．It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant（香的） flavor (味道) was added to the vitamin-enriched water, the rats did seem to prefer it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water．In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were．In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria（自助） feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them．They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in．We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet．So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them．Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could．Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established（长期养成的）habits．Some people eat foxes, dogs and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs．So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them．13．The expression “the habit” in paragraph 1 refers to drinking water which _______．A. has no smellB. is tastelessC. has vitaminsD. is flavored (有味道的)14. According to the passage, adults eating habits differ from those of babiesbecause _______．A. adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for theirhealthB. adults usually cannot resist (抵制) the temptation (诱惑) of variousdelicious foodsC. adults' eating habits are closely related to the social and culturalcustomsD. adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns15. The author implied in the passage that most of us _______．A. eat a balanced dietB. choose the food that is of nutritionC. have the habits influenced by the surroundingsD. like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor．16. As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that _______．A. both have the wisdom to choose a balanced dietB. both prefer flavored food and drinkC. both have the same eating patternsD. both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavorsEBill Javis took over our village news-agency at a time of life when most of us only want to relax. He just thought he would like something but not too much to do, and the news-agency was ready-made. The business produced little enough for him, but Bill was a man who only wanted the simplicity (简单)and order (秩序) and regularity (规律) of the job. He had been a long-serving sailor, and all his life had done everything by the clock.Every day he opened his shop at six a.m. to catch the early trade (买卖); the papers arrived on his door-step before that. Many of Bill’s customers were city workers, and the shop was convenient for the station （邮局）. Business was tailing off by 10 o’clock, so at eleven shar p Bill closed for lunch. It was hard luck on anybody who wanted a paper or magazine in the afternoon, for most likely Bill would be down on the river bank, fishing, and his nearest competitor was five kilometers away. Sometime in the afternoon, the evening paper landed on the doormat, and at 4 o’clock Bill reopened. The evening rush lasted till seven, and it was worthwhile.He lived in a flat above the shop, alone. Except in the very bad weather, you always knew where to find him in the afternoon, as I have said. Once, on a sunny afternoon, I walked home along the river bank from a shopping trip to the village. By my watch it was three minutes past four, so I was astonished to see Bill sitting there on his little chair with a line in the water. He had had no luck, I could see, but he was making no effort to move.“What’s wrong, Bill?” I called out from the path.For answer, he put a hand in his jacket and took out a big, golden object. For a moment I had no idea what it could be, and then it suddenly went off with a noise like a fire engine. Stopping the bell, Bill held the thing up and called back, “Ten to four, you see, and this is dead right.”I had never known anyone carrying a brass alarm clock (闹表) round with him before.17. Bill opened the shop so early in the day because _______．A. he liked to do as much as possible before he went to workB. the shop had to be open when the morning papers cameC. he was never sure of the timeD. it was then that he did a lot of business18. You might say “hard luck” to someone who _______．A. has just heard some very good newsB. is less fortunate than he or she ought to beC. puts great effort into whatever he or she triesD. fails through his or her own fault entirely19. On that sunny afternoon, the writer was surprised when he saw Bill because _______．A. he thought it was late for Bill to be still fishingB. he thought Bill was ill, since he was not moving at allC. Bill had not caught anything, and that seemed strangeD. Bill stayed in his flat20. From the information given in the passage, who or what do you think was wrong?A. The bell was; it must have gone off at the wrong time.B. Bill was; he had dropped off to sleep.C. The writer’s watc h was fast.D. Bill’s clock was wrong; it was very old.1—4 CDAC 5—8 DBCA 9—12 BADB 13—16 DCCA 17—20 DBAC。

河北省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（32）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A．B．C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A.Back in September of 2005, on the first day of school, Martha Cochran, a social studies school teacher at Robinson High School, did something unforgettable. On the first day of school, with permission of the school headmaster, she took all of the desks out of the classroom.The kids came into the first period. They walked in, there were no desks. They looked around and said, "Ms Cochran, where's our desks?" And she said, "You can't have a d esk until you tell me how you earn them.”They thought, "Well, maybe it's our grades.”"No," she said."Maybe it's our behavior. "And she told them, "No, it's not even your behavior. "Second period, the same thing. Third period... By early afternoon television news reporters had gathered in Ms. Cochran’s class to find out about this crazy teacher.The last period of the day, Martha Cochran gathered her class. They were at this time sitting on the ground floor around the sides of the room. "Throughout the day no one has really understood how you earn the ordinary desks in this classroom." she said, "Now I'm going to tell you. "Martha Cochran went to the door of the classroom and opened it, and as she did, twenty-seven adults, who were fathers or mothers of the kids, walked into that classroom, each one having a school desk. And they placed those school desks in rows. And by the time they had finished placing those desks; those kids for the first time in their lives understood how they earned those desks.Martha said, "You don't have to earn those desks. They did it for you. They put them out there for you, but it's up to you to sit here responsibly to learn, to be good students and good citizens, because they paid a price for you to have that desk, and don't ever forget it! "1. Why did Cochran take all the desks out of the classroom?A. Because she wanted to punish the kidsB. Because she wanted to let kids know how they earned the desks.C. Because kids didn't need any desks at her classesD. Because the desks were all broken.2. Who give kids to have a chance to get education?A. Teachers.B. The headmaster.C. Kids themselves.D. Kids' parents.3. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the text?A. Kids finally understood what their teacher meant by themselves.B. The headmaster supported Ms. Cochran’s ideaC. Kids stood or sat on the ground floor to study on the first day.D. Kids' parents earned the desks for them.B.The United States is the world's largest consumer of energy. We use electricity, gas and oil to light and heat our buildings and run our cars. The demand for power is growing. But we may not need to build new power plants for or find more oil. The best way to increase our supply of energy is to be more efficient.Did you know that when you leave your video-game console on, it consumes more electricity than two refrigerators? Or that those funny-looking, twisty bulbs use 75％ less power than traditional light bulbs? We have the tools to save money, reduce pollution and even help our planet, simply by wasting less energy.As President, Barack Obama plans to make energy efficiency in American a major goal. He has pledged to cut 15% of all energy used by the Federal Government. In a speech, he called for 75% of government office buildings to be updated for better efficiency. He pointed out that energy-efficient buildings and homes will save consumers billions of dollars on energy bills. An "extra benefit", he added, will be "a cleaner, safer planet."Gas, coal and oil are called fossil fuels. Fossil fuels have been the world's main source of energy for hundreds of years. But burning them releases dirty gases, which cause pollution.There are two main ways to save energy. The first is to use more efficient machines. Hybrid cars use less gas. New appliances are designed to use less electricity. Today's refrigerators are three times more efficient than those before 1973. Laptop computers consume much less energy than desktop computers.The second is to use machines more productively. According to the US Department of Energy, in the average home, 75％ of the electricity used to power electronic equipment is standby power (备用电源) . That means power flowing to plugged-in appliances whether or not they are being used.Homeowners can avoid wasting power by pulling the plug on appliances when theyare not in use. Efficiency experts argue that today's best techniques could cut US oil and gas use in half, and reduce our electricity use by three-fourths.4. The underlined word "pledged" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______ .A. promisedB. wonderedC. remindedD. attempted5. By referring to Obama's plan, the author mainly intended to say that _____.A. the US government office buildings have wasted the most energyB. Obama has decided to take the lead to cut down the use of electricityC. it is time for the US to shoulder the responsibility for a cleaner planetD. the US is determined to improve energy efficiency in the whole America6. It can be inferred from the text that ______.A. to build new power plants or find more oil is no longer usefulB. burning fossil fuels can lead to a growing demand for powerC. everyone can make a difference by wasting less energyD. most of the electricity is wasted with appliances plugged-in7. What would be the best title for the text?A. The world's largest consumer of energy.B. The world's energy efficiency movement.C. We need to find new energy.D. We have to be more energy efficient.C.Hearst Castle is a palatial(宫殿式) park on the central California coast and a National Historic Landmark. It was designed by architect Julia Morgan for William Randolph Hearst from 1919 until 1947. In 1957, the Hearst Corporation donated the fortune to the state of California. Since that time it has been maintained as a state historic park where the estate and its considerable collection of art and antiques are open for public tours. In spite of its location far from any urban center, the site attracts roughly one million visitors every year.Guided ToursThere are several tours which highlight various parts of the castle and gardens.●Tour One is recommended for first time visitor. It now includes the movie, HearstCastle Building the Dream.●Tour Two gives visitors a closer look at the main house's upper floors, Mr.Hearst's private suite, the libraries, and the kitchen.●Tour Three looks at the Castle's North Wing, guest rooms and guest house CasaDel Monte.●Tour Four features the impressive gardens and grounds, the largest guesthouse,the wine basement, and the Hidden Terrace.●The evening tour is a special tour that allows visitors to experience the Castleat night as one of the Hearst's own visitors might have.Ticket PricesHearst Castle accepts VISA, MasterCard, American Express and Discover. Free day use parking is available for automobiles, motorcycles, tour buses and recreational vehicles.Reservation InformationWhile tickets may be purchased at the Visitor Center upon arrival, tour reservations are strongly recommended and may be reserved online now or by calling 1-800-444-4445, see below for times.8. Who does the Hearst Castle belong to at present?A. William Randolph Hearst.B. Julia Morgan.C. The state of California.D. The Hearst Corporation.9. If a young couple take Tour One with their 5-year-old son, how much will theypay for the tickets?A. $36.B. $60.C. $48.D. $75.10. Which of the following is the available time to book tickets by phone?A. At 8 AM on Monday in February.B. At 9 AM on Sunday in March.C. At 7 PM on Friday in September.D. At 6 PM on Saturday in October.11. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To attract visitors to Hearst Castle.B. To introduce Hearst Castle.C. To introduce California's scenery.D. To introduce Hearst Castle' scenery.D.Gaudi Nanda sees a wearable computer as a handbag --- one that's built out of four-inch squares and triangles of fiber, with tiny computer chips embedded (嵌于) in it. It looks, feels and weighs like your typical leather purse.That's where the similarities end: this bag can wirelessly keep track of your belongings and remind you, just as you're about to leave the house, to take your wallet. It can review the weather report and suggest that you take an umbrella. This purse can even upload your favorite songs onto your scarf.Surely, a computing purse and scarf set may seem like the stuff of science fiction. But these devices, part of next generation of wearable computers, could become commonplace within a few years. Dupont created new super strong fibers that can conduct electricity and can be woven into ordinary-looking clothes. And the chipmaker developed chip packaging allowing wearable computers to be washed, even in the heavy-duty (耐磨损的) cycle.As a result, these new wearable devices are different from the heavy and downright silly versions of the recent past, which often required users to be wrapped in wires and type on their stomachs. Unlike their predecessors, these new wearable computers also make economic sense. When her bag becomes commercially available in two to three years, Nanda expects it will cost around $ 150, which is the price of an average leather purse.Here's how the bag works: You place a special radio-signal-transmitting chip onto your wallet. A similar radio in your purse picks up the signal and notifies you that you've forgotten to take your wallet. In turn, sensors on your purse's handles will notify the computer that you've picked up the purse and are ready to go.Already, these new kinds of wearable devices are being adopted for use in markets like auto repair, emergency services, medical monitoring - and even, increasingly,for consumers at large. Indeed, more people will want to cross that bridge in the coming years - making for a booming market for wearable computers that don't look like something out of science fiction.12. Which of the following describes a wearable computer?A. It can be washed in washing machines.B. It is much heavier than a leather purse.C. It can download songs from the Internet.D. It is made of clothes conducting electricity.13. According to the passage, the new wearable computers _______.A. require users to operate on the stomachB. pick up the signals through wires and chipsC. are being applied in some different areas nowD. are smarter but more expensive than the old ones14. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. The new wearable computers have become fashionable.B. People would like to learn more about the new computers.C. New wearable computers promise to sell well in the futureD. The idea of the purse-like computers comes from science fiction.15. The purpose of the passage is to ________A. introduce a new kind of computerB. explain the functions of computersC. compare different types of computersD. show how high technology affects our life1—15 BDAAD CDCCB AACCA。

河北省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（49）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

ARemember those highly charged first days? They were full of real-life tests where there was always something new to learn, and not always from a book. One of my first lessons occurred on my first day of kindergarten, when I got on the wrong bus --- as my older sister still likes to remind me.Life’s minor embarrassments do happen, and I know I can’t protect my own children from them. I just try to teach them to laugh at theirs like I do at mine.My daughter Erin started on the wrong foot in the 1st grade, at a new school where she knew no one. All the other 1st graders couldn’t resist opening and closing, closing and opening their new desks. Wouldn't you know Erin would neither open nor close? She came to find out she was sitting on the wrong side!Even getting around in a new school can be a challenge. Erin's older sister, Molly, almost missed her first lunch in junior high. The school secretary came to her rescue, arming her with the knowledge that while the gym and flex space were next door to each other, lunch was served only in the latter.The first day sometimes has pitfalls for Mom and Dad, too. Once, I managed to stockpile (储备)Molly and Erin's school supplies as they went on sale the previous year. I thought everything was ready for the first day --- oh, yeah! My victory dance was short-lived, however. After day one my ladies rushed off the bus, both worried and confused, sa ying “Mo m, we need wide-rule not college-rule paper, and three 2-inch notebooks instead of two 3-inch ones! And for standardized testing, standardized No. 2 pencils only, please.”Perhaps my favorite first-day memory happened the first time my two daughters went to full-day public school together, when I was understandably emotional. Erin noticed my red eyes and white smile. “You are happy and sad, huh, Mommy?” Such a sensitive girl! She added, “Just like the time when you were crying and laughing after the car stopped running on the ice and we were OK.” Well, at least I could laugh!1. What happened to Molly the first day she went to junior high school?A. She couldn't find her new classroom.B. She didn't know how to use her new desk.C. She could n’t find the place to have lunch.D. She didn’t get along with her classmates.2. What does the underlined word “pitfalls” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Unexpected problems.B. Great pleasures.C. Unnecessary worries.D. Painful experiences.3. We can learn from the last paragraph that Erin _________.A. had mixed feelings when leaving her homeC. noticed her mother was sick that dayD. understood how her mother felt then4. What is the subject of the passage?A. The relationship between Morn and child.B. The first day of a new school year.C. How to keep kids from making mistakes.D. Sweet memories at school.BMany people enjoy an adventure story. Others like mysteries that lead the reader to an exciting discovery. The story of the young British naturalist Charles Darwin combines both of these. That is why the author and illustrator (插图画家)Rosalyn Schanzer chose to write the children's book “What Darwin Saw”. The book was pub lished just in time for the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth on February 12, 1809.Rosalyn Schanzer carefully gathered Darwin’s thoughts and observations from his diaries, letters and books. Many of the words in the book are Darwin’s own. She also traveled to the Galapagos Islands and South America. She researched some of the places Darwin had visited on his trip on the ship, the Beagle in the 1830s. She took thousands of pictures, which helped her create the book’s beautiful and colorful drawings. These pictures show young readers what led Darwin to form his great discovery: the evolution of species through natural selection.“What Darwin Saw” tells of the adventures of a young man who traveled around the world as a scientist. The voyage of the Beagle took Charles Darwin to South America, where he rode horses with cowboys and met Native Americans in Argentina. He reported the eruption of the Osorno Volcano and experienced an earthquake in Chile. Darwin’s observations showed him that environments c an change very quickly and a great deal over time.Rosalyn Schanzer brings to life the clues that suggested to Darwin that living things evolve, or change, over time. She illustrates the unusual tortoises, birds and lizards that Darwin studied in the Galapagos Islands. She shows how Darwin came to understand that these island animals had differences, developed over time, that helped them survive. And she explains the theory of evolution through natural selection in a way that both children and adults will enjoy.5. Who is "What Darwin Saw" intended for?A. Parents.B. Teachers.C. Researchers.D. Children.6. “What Darwin Saw” mainly focuses on __________.A. how Darwin made his voyage to South AmericaB. what led Darwin to form the theory of evolutionC. when Darwin left home and began his expeditionD. where Darwin explored the living things in nature7. Rosalyn Schanzer took thousands of pictures in order to _________.A. provide materials for her new bookB. keep track of the places she visitedC. find out what interested young DarwinD. enjoy the beautiful scenery later8. Which of the following statements is NOT true about “What Darwin Saw”?A. Its author bases her writing on careful research.B. It includes many pictures of various species.C. It is intended to present Darwin's life story.D. It was published in honor of Charles Darwin.CReader Janet Maynard has a lot of young bushes in her garden and is suffering from “watering can elbow”. So for Janet and anyone else who doesn't want to waste time, effort and water, here are my top tips for keeping plants refreshed in thirsty times.Water in the evening if possible, rather than leaving it till you see things suffer. That way the roots can take up the water in cool soil overnight.Violently jetting hoses（皮管）mess up the soil structure and may expose delicate roots. Use a rose（喷头）on a can. Aim low –don't waste water wetting leaves, even though they look pretty and "refreshed".The most valuable and easily damaged plants need the most attention, such as newly planted trees, bushes and climbers. Remove any water-keeping mulch（护根物）you may have put around the base, then water it thoroughly at least two gallons, slowly. Don't aim your can rose at the stem – which we all usually tend to do. Aim the water in a wide circle so that the whole of the area under the plant is watered. You could even make a channel in the soil right around the plant so that the water is held in place as it soaks（浸透）in. Replace the mulch. Repeat each week even in showery weather for the first summer.How much water for pots? Fill up the gap between the top of the soil and the top of the pot. Let the water soak right in and then fill it again. Do this daily in hot weather for most summer potted plants.Stand pots in saucers（垫盘）–it makes a big difference. But remember to check that the plants are not sitting in water for days on end when the weather turns wet. Roots will rot.If the fertilizer in pots really dries out, the water may get straight out of the pot without being absorbed. Correct this by standing or floating the pot in a bucket of deep water until it sinks and no bubbles rise.A push-button watering can makes for more efficient watering, and recycled water bottles upside down with a needle which has a hole on the end are useful, too, for pots.9. What does the underlined part “watering can elbow”in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?A. A certain kind of mental diseaseB. The extreme thirst for water.C. The power of water.D. Tiredness or pain in part of the body.10. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. It would be better to water the plant in the evening than in the morning.B. It’s necessary to water newly-planted trees once a week in the first summer.C. Put potted plants in saucers in case the roots rot in damp weather.D. Make sure fertilizer in the pot doesn’t dry out, otherwise the water wouldnot be fully absorbed.11. We may easily learn from the passage that _______.A. potted plants need to be watered every week even in rainy weather.B. we’d better put water on the leaves and stems to keep the plants refreshed.C. It’s better to use a rose on a can to water than jetting hoses.D. people usually don’t want to waste time, effort and water in raising plants.12. What can be the best title of this passage?A. The importance of water in caring for plantsB. Watering tips and skillsC. How to take care of your plantsD. The relationship between plants and waterDWASHINGTON (Reuters) – People who drink two or more sweetened soft drinks a week have a much higher risk of pancreatic cancer (胰腺癌), an unusual but deadly cancer, researchers reported on Monday.People who drank mostly fruit juice instead of sodas did not have the same risk, the study of 60,000 people in Singapore found.Sugar may be to blame but people who drink sweetened sodas regularly often have other poor health habits, said Mark Pereira of the University of Minnesota, who led the study."The high levels of sugar in soft drinks may be increasing the level of insulin （胰岛素）in the body, which we think contributes to pancreatic cancer cell growth," Pereira said in a statement.Writing in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Pereira and colleagues said they followed 60,524 men and women in the Singapore Chinese Health Study for 14 years.Over that time, 140 of the volunteers developed pancreatic cancer. Those who drank two or more soft drinks a week had an 87 percent higher risk of being among those who got pancreatic cancer.Pereira said he believed the findings would apply elsewhere."Singapore is a wealthy country with excellent healthcare. Favorite pastimes(消遣) are eating and shopping, so the findings should apply to other western countries," he said.But Susan Mayne of the Yale Cancer Center at Yale University in Connecticut wascautious."Although this study found a risk, the finding was based on a relatively small number of cases and it remains unclear whether it is a causal（因果的）connection or not," said Mayne, who serves on the board of the journal, which is published by the American Association for Cancer Research.Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, with 230,000 cases globally. In the United States, 37,680 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in a year and 34,290 die of it.13. We can infer from Pereira’s words that ________.A. the healthcare in Singapore should be greatly improvedB. 2 soft drinks a day are considered harmful to healthC. sugar might not be the only cause of pancreatic cancerD. 87 out of 140 volunteers developed pancreatic cancer14. How does Susan seem to feel about the findings of the study?A. DoubtfulB. Satisfied.C. Worried.D. Hopeful.15. The best title of the text might be .A. The Deadliest Forms of CancerB. Sugary Soft Drinks Lead to CancerC. A Study in University of MinnesotaD. Drink Fruit Juice Instead of Sodas(A) CADB (B) DBAC (C) DCCB (D) DBD。

河北省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（19）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项.AWe bet that on cold wintry days, many of you love to stay in your warm home and, every now and then, come out into the kitchen for a snack. Unfortunately, plenty of creepy-crawly critters（爬行生物）like to do the same thing!Winter is the time when bugs（虫子）invade your house without an invitation. The season can be tough for such creatures. In winter the air is cold, the ground is hard and many trees have no leaves. So bugs do what they have to do to survive. Monarch butterflies head south to warmer climates. Ants crowd in deep underground colonies and eat food they have been storing all year. Many insects go into a deep sleep called diapause. There’re different kinds of diapause, but a ll are similar to hibernation, a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold. Insects go into an inactive period, too, but it often isn’t when the temperature drops.They rely on more dependable signals in the environment. For example, many in sects can tell how much sunlight there’s each day. They use that to tell themselves when to shut down. Bugs are cold-blood-ed, meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside. They can’t move much when it gets below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. So they search for any warm place.They’re looking for protection. These guys have been doing this for 300 million years, so they don’t really know they’re coming into your house. The home is a recent event in terms of their evolutionary behav-ior. They enter through tiny cracks or come in unnoticed on your clothes or shoes. Remember that they may be invading your homes for warmth and food, but they don’t care about humans.1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To point out that humans like to stay at home in winter.B.To mean that humans and bugs have the same living habits.C.To mean that bugs will invade humans’ houses for their winter.D.To put forward the idea that bugs are not welcome in winter.2.According to the text, what is diapause?A.It is the same as the animals’ hibernationB.It often appears in warm areas all the year.C.It is done to keep bugs active in winter.D.It is a deep sleep similar to hibernation.3.According to the text, bugs invade humans’homes to .A.attackB.look for enough foodC.seek for protectionD.show their evolutionary results4.What is the main idea of the text?A.Bugs’life on cold wintry days.B.Why do bugs invade your home in winter?C.Good relations between humans and bugs.D.What does diapause mean?BCole Bettles had been rejected by a number of universities when he received an e-mail from the University of California, San Diego, last month, congratulating himon his admission and inviting him to tour the campus. His mother booked a hotel in San Diego, and the 18-year-old Ojai high school senior arranged for his grandfather, uncle and other family members to meet them at the campus for lunch during the Saturday tour.“They were like ‘Oh my God, that’s so awesome （棒的）’，” Bettles said. Right before he got in bed, he checked his e-mail one last time and found another message saying the school had made a mistake and his application had been denied.In fact, all 28, 000 students turned away from UC San Diego, in one of the toughest college entrance seasons on record, had received the same incorrect message. The students’ hopes had been raised and then dashed （破灭） in a cruel twist that shows the danger of instant communications in the Internet age.UCSD admissions director Mae Brown called it an “administrative error” but refused to say who had made the mistake, or if those responsible would be disciplined （受训）.The e-mail, which began, “We’re thrilled that you’ve been admitte d to UC San Diego, and we’re showcasing （展示）our beautiful campus on Admit Day, ” was sent to the full 46, 000 students who had applied, instead of just the 18, 000 who got in, Brown said.The error was discovered almost immediately by her staff, who sent an apology within hours.“It was really thrilling for a few hours; now he’s crushed （压垮），” said Cole’s mother, Tracy Bettles. “It’s really tough on them.”The admissions director said she was in the office on Monday until midnight answering e-mails and phone calls from disappointed students and their parents. She said she took full responsibility for the error. “We accessed the wrong database. We recognize the incredible pain receiving this false encouragement caused. It was not our intent.”5. How many students received an admission e-mail from the University of California, San Diego n（UCSD）？A. 18, 000B. 28, 000C. 46, 000D.186. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the wrong e-mail message?A. The mistake was made on purpose to cause pain among the applicants.B. It was UCSD admissions director Mae Brown who made the mistake.C. UCSD admissions staff got information from the wrong database.D. Staff did not discover the mistake until next Monday.7. The admissions director Mae Brown did what she could to __________.A. protect the person who made the mistakeB. punish herself for the mistakeC. make up for the mistakeD. help the disappointed students enter the university8. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Cole Bettles was admitted to the UCSD.B. Cole Bettles was rejected y a famous university.C. USCD admissions office often makes “administration errors”.D. False admission information raised the students’ hopes and then dashed them.CCollections were the inspiration（灵感） for a project at Thomas Tallis School, which formed part of the Imagine Children's Literature Festival last autumn. Each child （aged 12-13） beatified a box and wrote a story on the subject of collections to throw inside it. The boxes were spread within the Royal Festival Hall's Ballroom. Some were left empty to encourageThe subject chosen by Luren was an imaginative one. "It's a sort o f Cinderella （灰姑娘） story," she told me, inspired by a collection of letters from her cousin, ha the story these become love letters, burned by a creel stepmother. Lauren's best friend Charlotte is the stepmother. "I'm in Charlotte's story too," says Lauren, "and I get run over." Charlotte's tale was inspired by the girls' coin collection. "We've collected foreign coins for years - since our families went on holiday to Tenerife." she explains. "That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in." Lauren continues: "I fred a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over. I'm in hospital and then I die." Charlotte adds: "Or she might not die. I haven't decided yet."Millie Murray, who is a tea-novel author, thinks that setting the subject of collections was a useful inspiration to their creativity rather than a restriction （限制）. "In the beginning I thought, 'Will the children be able to do it?'" she says. "But it's been fruitful. Some have their own collection, some have parents who do, and some have wlstten complete stories. It's made them think about something they wouldn't have otherwise, winch can only be a good thing."9. What were the children asked to do in the project?A. To meet friends at Thomas Tallis SchoolB. To write stories on the subject of collections.C. To encourage visitors to write their own stories.D. To have their friends for characters in the stories.10. The underlined word "pesetas" in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____.A. storyB. collectionC. inspirationD. foreign coin11. From the stories by Lauren and Charlotte, we know that _____ .A. Charlotte hurt herself when getting a coinB. both of them developed their imaginationC. both of tram will die in each other's storiesD. Latwen's cousin posted her some love letters12. Millie Murray thinks ________.A. collections could inspire writing creativityB. it was good for parents to have collectionsC. inspirations were very useful in writing storiesD. setting collection subjects restricted inspirationsDViolin prodigies（神童）， I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists, the reason for this phenomenon. “ It’s very clear, “ he told me. “ They were all Jews and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.” As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it wasa passport to the West.Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able to nurture（培育） talent. Nowadays the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “ In Japan, a most competitive society with stronger discipline than ours,” says Isaac Stern, “ children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well.” The Koreans and Chinese, as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.13. Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because_____.A. it would allow them access to a better life in the WestB. Jewish children are born with excellent musical talentC. they wanted their children to enter into the professional fieldsD. it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country14. Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that_____.A. enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellenceB. treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full developmentC. encourage people to compete with each otherD. promise talented children high positions15. Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to_____.A. all-rounded developmentB. the learning of Western musicC. strict training of childrenD. variety in academic studies16. Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigiesaccording to the passage?A. A natural gift.B. Extensive knowledge of music.C. Very early training.D. A prejudice-free society.EPeople who drink alcohol earn more at their jobs than non-drinkers, according to a US study that highlighted “social capital（社交资本）”gained from drinking.The study concluded that drinkers earn 10-14 percent more than teetotalers, and that men who drink socially bring home an additional seven percent in pay.“Social drinking builds social capital,”said Edward String ham, an economics professor,“Social drinkers are outgoing, building relationships, and keeping in contacts, which results in bigger paychecks.”The researchers said the most likely explanation is that drinkers have a wider range of social contacts that help provide better job and business opportunities.“Drinkers may be able to socialize more with clients and co-workers, giving drinkers an advantage in important relationships. Drinking may also provide individuals with opportunities to learn people, business, and social skills. ”They also said these conclusions provide arguments against policies aimed at controlling alcohol use in university and public places.“Not only do anti-alcohol policies reduce drinkers’ fun, but they may also decrease earnings,”the study said, “One of the consequences of alcohol restrictions is that they push drinking into private behavior. By preventing people from drinking in public, anti-alcohol policies ignores one of the most important aspects of drinking: increased social capital.”The researchers found some differences in the economic effects of drinking among men and women. They concluded that men who drink earn 10 percent more than non-drinkers and women drinkers earn 14 percent more than non-drinkers.However, unlike men, who get a 7 percent income increase from drinking in bars, women drinkers who visit bars frequently do not show higher earnings than those who do not visit bars.17. The underlined word in Paragraph 2 refers to __________A. women drinkersB. co-workersC. non-drinkersD. men-drinkers18. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Income Differences Between Drinkers And Non-drinkersB. To Build Social Capital, Drink!C. Anti-alcohol Policy is Not ReasonableD. Drinking Helps Increase Income19. What’s NOT the consequence of anti-alcohol policy ?A. More people drink in private.B. There are less alcohol in universities.C. Drinkers’ income increased because they spend less money on drinking.D. Drinkers get less fun from drinking.20. What can we infer from the result of the study?A. To build social capital, you have no choice but to drink.B. Drinking is a good and common way to increase social capital.C. Drinkers build wider social contacts.D. Drinkers may be provided more opportunities.1—4 CDCB 5—8 CCCD 9—12 BDBA 13—16 ABCA 17—20 CDCB。

河北省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（6）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

AMy father was poor in expressing his feelings. I knew that my dad loved me, but showed me love in other ways. There was one particular time in my life when this became real to me.I always believed that my parents had a good marriage, but gradually the strain (拉紧）on my mom and dad's relationship was quite evident. However, I was not prepared for the day when Dad had decided to leave. All that I could think of was that I was going to become a product of a divorced family. I kept telling myself that it wasn't going to happen. The night before he left, I stayed up in my room for a long time.I prayed and I cried and I wrote a long letter to my dad. I told him how much I loved him and that I would always and forever be his Krissie...his Noodles. As I folded my note, I stuck in a picture of me with a saying I had always heard: "Anyone can be a father, but it takes someone special to be a daddy." Early the next morning, as my dad left our house, I slipped my letter into one of his bags.Two weeks later, my mother told me that they decided that there were things that the both of them could and would change and that their marriage was worth saving. "Well, Dad said that when he read your letter, it made him cry. It meant a lot to him and I have hardly ever seen your dad cry. After he read your letter, he called to ask if he could come over to talk. Whatever you said really made a difference to your dad."A few days later my dad was back. We never talked about the letter. I guessed that it became a secret between us.1. Why did the author's father decide to leave?A. Because he was poor in showing his feelings.B. Because his wife was always giving orders.C. Because serious problems occurred in their marriage.D. Because the strain on father-daughter relationship was evident.2. How did the author feel when her father decided to leave?A. Excited.B. Annoyed.C. Doubtful.D. Upset.3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means _______ .A. a man may have to give up a lot to be a real fatherB. a man may have to give in to his wife to be a daddyC. a man who raises special children can become a real fatherD. a man who develops some special talents can be a real father4. What's the main idea of the passage?A. How the author's parents enjoyed a happy marriage.B. How a letter saved the author's parents' marriage.C. The divorce had a great influence on the author.BThese days, there are very few wild animals left in the UK. The wolves have gone.The bears have been hunted to extinction. Fortunately, there are a few badgers (獾)...oh, well, actually, not for long as the British government have just decided to kill them too! But why?Badgers are fascinating nocturnal (夜晚活动的）creatures, living underground. They're extremely brave, fighting off larger animals such as bears and wolves. The problem is that some badgers carry "bovine tuberculosis" (bTB) — an infectious disease caused by the bacterium M. Bovis which can cause TB in some other animals, including cattle. For farmers, this is a serious issue, because they usually keep a large number of cows together to raise. In 1998 in the UK, almost 6,000 cows were killed to control the disease. And in 2010，more than 30,000 animals were destroyed. Bovine TB costs the UK about £100 million per year. And some believe that the disease could end up costing the economy £9 billion over the next 40 years if nothing is done about it.Experts say that badgers are responsible for about 50% Of the infected cattle. So, after much debate, the government has agreed to kill badgers.Of course, many are against the measure. They claim that killing the badgers in controlled zones wouldn't work because badgers from neighboring areas would simply move in and become infected too. Furthermore, the number of cattle in one spot is usually very large. They believe that the way cattle are raised intensively, and transported around to lots of different farms during their lives is probably the biggest cause of the spread of the disease.5. Why does the UK government want to kill badgers?A. Because badgers are responsible for all the bTB infected cattle.B. Because a disease connected with badgers has caused a big loss.C. Because badgers are very easy to become infected with bTB.D. Because cattle are often with badgers which may carry bTB.6. Some people believe that killing badgers in certain areas doesn't help because _______A. badgers nearby would occupy where the killed badgers once lived.B. badgers are often transported around to lots of different farms.C. the disease will still exist there with all the cattle infected.D. the government doesn't have a good knowledge of the disease.7. What's the main idea of the passage?A. The UK government has decided to kill badgers to control the disease.B. Very few wild animals exist in the UK these days except badgers.C. A lot of people are against killing badgers for some reasons.D. A large sum of money has been spent controlling the disease.8. What does the underlined part in paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Cattle are often kept separately to prevent diseases.B. Many cattle are gathered in one area to raise.C. Cattle are raised very carefully and attentively.CIs losing weight as simple as doing a 15-minute writing exercise? In a new study, women who wrote about their most important values, like close relationships or religion, lost more weight over the next few months than women who didn't. "We have this need to feel self-integrity (正直，诚实)，” says Christine Logel of the University of Waterloo. "When something threatens your sense that you're a good person, like failing a test, we can buffer (缓冲）that self-integrity by reminding ourselves how much we love our children, for example".For this study, the researchers recruited (聘用）45 female undergraduates, of whom 58% were overweight. Each woman was weighed, and was then given a list of important values, like creativity, music or relationships with friends and family members. Each woman ranked the values in order of how important they were to her. Then half the women were told to write for 15 minutes about the value that was most important to her. The other half, a control group, were told to write about why a value far down on their list might be important to someone else.The women came back months later to be weighed again. Women who had written about an important value lost an average of 3.41 pounds, while women in the control group gained an average of 2.76 pounds."How we feel about ourselves can have a big effect," Logel says. Maybe when one of the women who wrote about an important value went home that night, she felt good about herself and didn't eat to make herself feel better. Over a few months, that could make a real difference in her life.9. How can a 15-minute writing exercise of important values affect people?A. They will feel proud of themselves and gain weight gradually.B. They may feel good about themselves and then eat less than usual.C. They may continue writing and decide to become a professional writer.D. They will never have meals at night to make themselves lose weight.10. What were the females required to do in the study?A. The overweight women wrote about the value most important to them.B. Only the control group was given a list of important values.C. Both groups ranked the values in order of importance to them.D. Each woman was weighed three times in the process of the study.11. Which of the following persons may lose weight according to the new study?A. Mary who wrote about her own adventure.B. Catherine who described her illness in her writing.C. Shirley who wrote how much she loved her children.D. Alice who complained her boss in her diary.12. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Women Values Losing WeightB. Losing Weight Is Very SimpleC. Writing Benefits Women a LotD. Writing Contributes to Losing WeightDSales ExecutivePindan Labor Solutions is expanding and we require a Sales Executive. Working hours from Monday to Friday, 12 months a year. However, some weekend work may be required. You will be assisting our team of consultants with business development. You can get a monthly income of $5，200. Essential requirements include previous sales experience, strong communication skills, high level of computer competency (能力），WA driver's license. For more information, please e-mail to Stefan @ or phone 0452 236541.Martial Arts (武术)TrainerGo-Kan-Ryu Karate has a number of positions available for people who have an interest in the martial arts. The position will involve training new students on working days. An expected first year income of $45,000. Excellent people skills and previous experience are essential. Own car and license required.Please contact Tim Hort on 0285 371 464 or kvle@ for further information. Workshop ManagerLocated in Wongan Hills WA, Beckman Machinery want a Service/Workshop Manager to join our successful team. Your role will be to provide the best possible service to customers, Monday to Friday. You must have trade certificate, excellent communication and computer skills. Knowledge of agricultural products is essential. You can get at least $50,000 in your first year.Please call Stuart 0427 111 105 or email to stuart@.au if any further information is needed. FarmhandA general farmhand is required to work on a farm located 40kms from Condobolin. A driver's license is essential. Duties include: Sheep, Cattle work; Cropping & irrigation (灌溉). Weekends off, except during sowing (播种）and harvest periods. $39,000 a year.If you are interested in farm work, please e-mail to diane.moisis@.au or call 0167 327 047 for detailed information.13. Of the four positions, which offers the top yearly income?A. A sales executive.B. A martial arts trainer.C. A workshop manager.D. A farmhand.14. If you are without any working experience and don't want to work on weekends, you can e-mail to _______ for detailed information.A. Stefan@B. kvle@C. diane.moisis@.auD. stuart@.au15. If you want to apply for the position as a farmhand, you must have _______ .A. sales experienceB. a driver's licenseC. a trade certificateD. your own car1. C2. D3. A4. B5. B6. A7. A8. B9. B 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B。

河北省高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（91）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

AFor Senior 3 students, choosing which college to attend can be the most exciting and thrilling time in their entire school lives. This is also true for an American girl named Melanie in the film, College Road Trip, which was released in the US on March 7.Melanie’s dad, James Porter, is the chief of police for a Chicago suburb. Incredibly worrying about her daughter’s security, he wants Melanie to attend nearby Northwestern University, where sh e’s already been accepted. But Melanie, 17, really wants to go to George-town in Washington, D.C., where she’s been wait-listed.When she gets an unexpected interview, she decides to take a road trip with a few close female friends. Melanie believes it is her first step toward adulthood. But despite the fact that this trip is “girls only”, James isn’t comfortable with the prospect of his little princess exploring the world without him. He wants to protect her.James joins the girls and hopes he can convince her to go to Northwestern. While Melanie’s father only has the best of intentions, his presence leads to an endless series of comic encounters(遭遇).After following their faulty GPS device deep into the backwoods, James and Melanie discover her little brother and his pet pig have been hiding in the spare tire compartment.（隔间）. What should be a simple tire charge(充气) results in the expensive car rolling down a mountain, forcing them to hike to a nearby hotel. There the pig ruins an outdoor wedding reception after eating an entire bag of coffee beans.All these disasters add spice to their trip while along the way a father and a daughter finally get the chance to really talk to each other.The film explores the parent-child relationship in a comic way: The gap between how close James thinks he is to Melanie and how little he actually knows of her plans makes us laugh first and then think.All parents, whether they have college students or not, can relate to the bittersweet realization that their kids are growing up. Like what Melanie and James have done in the film, we all can find the balance between staying connected and letting go.1. The main purpose of the passage is to__________.A. introduce the newly-released filmB. call on parents to learn to balance the relationship with their childrenC. tell a story which happened between an American girl and her fatherD. explore the difference in parent-child relationship between the west and the east.2. What does the underlined word “ released” mean?A. set freeB. knownC. shownD. developed3. We can infer from the passage that_______.A. their car rolled down the mountain, ruining the wedding receptionB. a hotel was destroyed by Melanie’s brother and his pet pigC. Melanie and her father got to understand each other better after so many encountersD. the girls had to give up their trip because of the incidents on the way4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. It’s unclear whether Melanie could be accepted by North-western University.B. Northwestern University isn’t so famous as the university in Washington D.C.C. There is no hope that Melanie will be accepted by the university in Georgetown.D. Melanie’s father prefers her to stay not too far away from him.BThe Darwin Myth: The Life and Lies of Charles DarwinBy Benjamin WikerList Price: $ 27.95Price:$ 18.45 for a club member or when your orders areover $50You Save: $9.50 (34%)Product DescriptionIn the 150 years since the publication of Origin of Species, Charles Darwin has been considered between two extremes--- a great biologist or heretic（持异端学说者）. However, the truth is much more difficult to understand than that. In any case, Darwin’s theory of evolution and natural selection had the greatest influence in history.In The Darwin Myth，author Benjamin Wiker offers a full-side analysis of Darwin’s theories as well as the social, scientific, and religious effect of his work. Scientists often cause debates(争论) that will last for generations for their new theory. Still, no scientist has caused more debates than Charles Darwin. To some he is the revolutionary “father”of evolution. To others his theory of evolution unconsciously disagrees with many ideas in modern eugenics.（优生学） In The Darwin Myth: The Life and Lies of Charles Darwin, author Benjamin Wiker will make them clear. ContentsSo who is Charles Darwin? What did he really believe and what did his research really prove? In this book, Benjamin Wiker cuts through the myths. In The Darwin Myth, Wiker tells us:★How Darwin set out to create a godless Theory of Evolution★Why many of his best friends criticized Darwin’s theory, and why he never defended himself; ★Why Darwin’s theory in a certain way supported slavery, an institution he hated;★How much of what we know about Darwin comes from his autobiography(自传), which the key points are completely misleading.5. If you buy three copies of The Darwin Myth at a time, how much should you pay?A. $88.35B.$55.35C. $50D. $27.976. According to the passage, what is The Darwin Myth mainly about?A. An analysis of Darwin’s theory and the debates about him.B. A brief introduction to Darwin’s life.C. How Darwin created Theory of Evolution.D. Why many people criticized Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.7. From the passage, we know that ________.A. The Darwin Myth is Darwin’s autobiographyB. The debate about Darwin’s theory has been going on since Origin of Species was published.C. Darwin theory agrees with modern eugenics.D. Darwin himself supported slavery.8．We can infer from the passage that ________.A. Darwin lost many of his best friends because of his theoryB. Darwin’s autobiography has misled many readers.C. Benjamin Wiker was one of Darwin’s friends who knew him wellD. The Darwin Myth will end the debates about DarwinCBEIJIG—The two-day visit to Washington has been heavy for British Prime Minister Gordon Brown as he attempts to improve ties with Washington and promote his international image ahead of the upcoming G-20 economic summit in London.Special RelationshipBrown had been praising the “ special relationship” between Britain and the United States before he traveled to Washington. “There is no international partnership in recent history that has served the world better than the special relationship between Britain and the United States,”Brown said in an article in The Sunday Times of London. Such enthusiasm was quickly responded by Barak Obama, the new leader of the world’s largest economy. “The special relationship between the United States and Great Britain is one that is not just important to me, it is important to the American people,” told reporters after meeting with Brown.Brown was the first European leader to meet Obama at the White House, and this might help the British leader make his image smooth among countrymen in a turbulent(动荡)time and put him in a better position to appear side by side with Obama at the April G-20 summit that will consider the international economic crisis.Global New DealThe talks between Brown and Obama were expected to focus mainly on measures to jump-start international economic growth in the most serious downturn in decades. Brown will first promote his “goal new deal” with Obama before taking the G-20 talks. The prime minister, who is chairing the G-20 gathering, has said he would push for deep adjustable changes and joint efforts from all of the world’s major economies, developed and developing, to correct financial rules and inspire the global economy.However, as pointed out by many analysts, there is the potential for bitterness between Britain and the United States. That’s because no small number of Britons believe themselves to be victims of a crisis which they say was set off by the United States. Meanwhile, analysts say it was unrealistic to expect another honeymoon for British-US ties as Obama seems to have attached more importance to the Pacific region than to Europe.9. Brown paid the two-day visit to Washington in order to _______.A. improve the ties with the US and his imageB. make Obama’s international image betterC. congratulate Obama on coming into powerD. prepare for the coming G-20 economic summit10. The April G-20 summit will mainly focus on how ________.A. to solve the international energy crisisB. to solve the international economic crisisC. to relax current international tensionD. to achieve the double-win goal lately11. According to many analysts, there is the potential for bitterness between the UK and the USbecause___________.A. Obama is less friendly to Brown than Brown to ObamaB. Obama hasn’t visited the UK yet as a new presidentC. Obama seems to have attached more importance to Europe than to the Pacific regionD. many Britons believe themselves to be the victims of a crisis caused by the US12. The underlined part in the last paragraph suggests that___________.A. Britons expect too much from ObamaB. Britain and USA used to have close relationshipC. the relationship between the two countries will break upD. Obama and the first lady will not spend their honeymoon in BritainDIt was 3:00 a.m. Rain beat against the windows. Tamsen Bell’s cellphone began to ring so she jumped out of bed quickly for she knew that someone was in trouble, and it was up to her and the other members of the Marin Search and Rescue Team to help. The team has a motto: “Any time, any place, any weather.” Bell, 18, joined the search-and-rescue team when she was 14 years old, the youngest age at which a person can join. “I remember the first search I ever went on,”Bell says. “I was very nervous.” Thanks to the strict training program, Bell now is no longer nervous and a lot more confident.When Bell was 16 years old, she took a lead role in a tough search-and-rescue action that she says changed her life. While hiking, a 60-year-old woman fell off a cliff and landed on a mountain ledge(岩石架). Bell slid down in a seated position to get to where the injured woman lay. The situation was very dangerous and she had to make a quick decision which could have endangered the woman’s life. Bell helped to lift the woman onto a litter(担架), and her teammates then pulled the litter up the mountain using ropes. The rescue took more than eight hours , the longest in the history of the team.Afterwards, Bell said she realized that she could keep cool in stressful situations. The experience inspired her to devote her life to helping others. She remains a search-and-rescue member and plans to study nursing in college.“Search-and-rescue work may be tough, but it is rewarding. The best part is the support, and the common feeling that everyone on the team wants to make people’s lives better.” Said Bell.13. According to the passage, we know that Bell ______.A. was the youngest member in the teamB. plays a leading role in every taskC. majored in nursing in collegeD. learned a lot through the training program14. Why does Bell say that the tough action changed her life?A. She learnt to make quick decisions when in danger.B. She learnt to transport the injured to safety through a litter.C. The experience inspired her to devote herself to helping othersD. The experience made her realize that she could calm down even in danger.15. Which of the following is TURE about Bell’s tough task?A. It was the toughest task in the history of the team.B. Bell slid down the cliff seated in a litter.C. It’s the first task Bell took part in after the training program.D. Bell played a very important role in the action.16. The passage is mainly about_______.A. a tough task Bell carried outB. Bell’s job as a young search-and-rescue memberC. how people keep cool in dangerous situationsD. what search-and-rescue tasks areECould you stand the noise of a street-sweeping truck going up and down the street outside of your house three times a week at 4 a.m.? The noise—described by Blomberg as “loud as a NASCAR (全国运动汽车竞赛协会) race car but at a speed of 5 miles per hour—annoyed him so much that he tried to persuade the city to rearrange for street sweeping to begin at 6 a. m. He also founded the non-profit Noise Pollution Clearinghouse, an organization that provides research and information to others whose request for quiet might otherwise fall on deaf ears.Hearing loss is the most obvious medical consequence of noise pollution, but it is hardly the only one, explains environmental psychologist Airline Bronzaft. In her research, Bronzaft found that constant noise exposure can reduce children’s learning ability and cognitive（认知的）development. “Most importantly, each day, you’ve got to take a break from sound regularly.”says Bronzaft.“The bad news,” says Blomberg, “is that the last century was the noisiest in history. The good news,” he continues, “is that the greener we get, the quieter we’ll also get.” Electric cars and lawn equipment make less noise, just as more fuel-efficient vehicles. Improved technology can also provide measures to make the problem less serious. Police cars could replace those loud sirens (警报器) with models that better aim the sound in one direction.“I don’t think you can name a noise source that I can’t find a way to make it quieter,”says Blomberg. But the real challenge is to change people’s attitudes. “ In the 1960s, we made it unacceptable to throw litter out of the window of your car,”he says. Today it’s time to recognize that “noise is to the soundscape as rubbish is to the landscape.”The goal is to “create a culture where you do not throw your ‘noise’ litter out of the window.”17. What do we know about the Noise Pollution Clearinghouse?A. It was founded by the city leaders.B. It is supported by NASCAR.C. It can rearrange the street sweeping time.D. It aims to help those who want more peace and quiet.18. What can be inferred from the environmental Psychologist Arline Bronzaft?A. Hearing loss is the most serious problem caused by noise pollution.B. Children are the least affected by noise.C. We should avoid noise for some time every day.D. We should have a break once in a while if tired.19. What did Blomberg do when he was greatly annoyed by the noise of a street-sweeping truck?A. He suggested that the street-sweeping truck should go faster.B. He suggested that the street-sweeping time should be changed.C. He called on the citizens to do research on noise pollution.D. He persuaded the city to change the street-sweeping truck for a new model.20. According to Blomberg, _________.A. it’s impossible to make a noise-maker quieterB. noise problem can be solved through everyone’s efforts.C. in the 1960s, throwing ‘sound’ litter out of the window was forbiddenD. street sweeping should be stopped foreverA篇BDCD B篇BABB C篇ABDB Ｄ篇DCDB Ｅ篇DCBB。

文体分类练(一) 应用文(限时:25分钟)Passage1(浙江温州二模)It’s not easy to find a job.Many jobs have age or eents that you might not meet.On top of that,you need to juggle(应付)schoolwork,extracurriculars,and your sociallife.Fortunately,there are still some good jobs for you to start gaining working experience.TutorStraight-A student?Then a job as a tutor might be the best option for you.Helping younger students with their homework is a great way to put what you’ve studied to good use and make some extra money.One of the easiest ways to show that you’re qualified to teach other students is by listing your GPA(Grade Point Average) on your tutor resume.DogWalkerLove dogs?Then a position as a dog walker is the perfect fit for you.Dog walking requires no work experience and has fleay need to do some shadowing or an interview before people trust you with their pets.DeliveryDriverIf you’re 16+ years old and have a driver’s license,you could try working as a delivery driver.Driving is a great way to gain relevant eployers tha t you’re responsible and work well under pressure.CallCentreRepresentativeIf you don’t mind talking on the phone,then a job as a call centre worker is a good choice for you.Working as a call centre representative can even teach you some useful customer service skills that will help your career later on.To land a job at a call centre,highlight your customer service and interpersonal skills on your resume.1.Who are the passage intended for?A.Parents.B.Teachers.C.Students.D.Employers.2.What qualifies you as a tutor?A.Relevant eely homework completion.C.Flee schedule.D.Impressive academic performance.3.Which job requires good social skills?A.Tutor.B.Dog walker.C.Delivery driver.D.Call centre representative.Passage2(河北唐山二模)Rich life eake up everything you are today.So just imagine how many valuable experiences your elders can share with you.When you spend time volunteering with seniors,you’ll benefit just as much as they do!We’ve put together some ideas for different ways to lend a hand,or a listening ear to seniors.Remember,simply giving your time and conversation can sometimes mean the most.VisitanassistedlivingfacilityOne of the most meaningful things you can do for someone in an assisted living facility is share some quality timetogeth er.Whether you’re going to see a neighbour or loved one,call ahead to plan a time to drop by.Even if your days fill up quickly,just a quick hello can brighten someone’s day.ReachoutlocallyChances are that there are seniors right in your own neighbourhood who could use your help.●Some seniors’ health prevents them from getting out.Keep them from feeling lonely by going for a visit or bringing over a meal.●Offer to do many around-the-house chores for the seniors.BeacompanionThere are plenty of seniors who could use some company!And there are many programs and organizations that can match you up with the perfect senior friend in your area.●With the Elder Helpers program,you can sign up to help in ways that fit your interests and skills.●You can join the Senior Corps program to help older seniors with daily tasks.●You can also volunteer to help aging seniors through organizations such as the National Council on Aging.BeaskillfultalkerYou can learn from your older friends—many of their eay surprise you!But it can often be challenging to know just what to ask in order to start a conversation.●Discover their passion:Does your friend love to cook?Ask them to share a favorite family recipe.They’ll welcome the opportunity to chat about it.●Discover their skills:Ask your friends about their skills and hobbies—sewing,woodworking,writing.Request that they teach you a thing or two.●Make some artwork:Turn select pages of your memory book into wall art for their room,and so your friend can continuously recall good times.4.What does the author intend to do through the text?A.To eake seniors happy.B.To introduce the benefits of volunteering.C.To encourage people to share experiences.D.To give a guide for volunteering with seniors.5.How many programs and organizations are mentioned?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.6.What is the “Be a skillful talker” part about?A.How to answer questions.B.How to make up stories.C.How to persuade the seniors.D.How to start a conversation.Passage3(江苏连云港模拟)We’re so ee you back to the Library of Congress.We’ll take precautions to ensure the health of our visitors,staff and volunteers,including requirements that all visitors reserve a timed-entry pass and remain socially distanced from individuals outside of their party during their visit.We encourage you to take a moment to review our KnowBeforeYouGo page to prepare for a safe and enjoyable visit.EntryandVisitingEvery visitor must reserve timed-entry passes to maintain safe capacity levels in the Thomas Jefferson Building.Parties of 19 or fewer can reserve a timed entry pass here.Parties of 20 people or more must request passes by filling out thisform.PathwaysThe Library is pleased to share a digital pathway through the Thomas Jefferson Building as a self-guided experience.Volunteers are available to share information and answer your questions while you are on-site.Guided tours are not available at this time.Concerts,Lectures&OtherEventsCheck out the Library’s Calendar of Public Events for upcoming program opportunities,both onsite and online.You can stay in touch and learn more about the Library’s resources on Meta and Instagram,and Twitter.ExhibitionsVisit our Exhibitions page to learn about the collections that will be on display for your visit.On December 16,,a brand new exhibition,JoinIn:VoluntaryAssociationsinAmerica,opens on the Great Hall,Mezzanine Level.ReadingRoomsInterested in becoming a researcher at the Library of Congress?Learn more about resources available to researchers andregistering for a Reader Identification Card.Have a research question?We encourage you to contact a Library specialist through our AskaLibrarian portal(门户网站).7.What must all the visitors do before visiting the library?A.They must book timed-entry passes.B.They must show their health codes.C.They must keep distance from each other.D.They must visit the KnowBeforeYouGo page.8.What can visitors enjoy while visiting the library?A.A guided tour.B.A performing opportunity.C.Resources for researchers.D.Exhibitions of a new brand.9.Where is this te?A.A website.B.A brochure.C.A biography.D.A magazine.答案：文体分类练(一) 应用文Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。

阅读理解A few years ago, Paul Allen, the co-founder of Microsoft, published the results of something called the Great Elephant Census, which counted all the savanna elephants in Africa. What it found rocked the conservation world: In the seven years between 2007 and 2014, Africa’s savanna elephant population decreased by about a third and was on track to disappear completely from some African countries in as few as 10 years.To change that trend, researchers landed on a technology that is rewriting the rules for everything from our daily appliances to our cars: artificial intelligence. “AI can process huge amounts of information to tell us where the elephants are, how many there are,” said Cornell University researcher Peter Wrege. “And possibly tell us what they are doing.”There are two kinds of elephants in Africa: savanna elephants, which were counted by Allen’s census, and forest elephants, which the census couldn’t account for because that elephant lives in thick rainforest. In the forest, Wrege says, losing a forest elephant is easy to do. “Sometimes you see them, let’s say, 15 meters away from you and then they move 5 meters into the forest and you can’t see them,” he said. “Somehow they just disappear.”Wrege’s use of artificial intelligence in the rainforest has been less remarkable, but no less important. The networks on which his forest elephant count depends are still training, so he doesn’t have a precise forest elephant count yet. He has found that trying to count forest elephants depends on various factors. But the AI has uncovered some unexpected things. For example, it appears that elephants don’t go to some parts of the forest during specific times of the year. That’s important to know because it can inform the way conservation park managers position their forces. “You can say,” Wrege said. “OK, we know that elephants are not using this huge part of this park for these seven months. No poachers are going to find an elephant anyway. So we don’t need to send any anti-poaching teams there.”1．What does the underlined part “that trend” in paragraph 2 refer to?A．The use of Al in the forest.B．The dependence on Microsoft.C．The decrease of elephant population.D．The progress of the conservation world. 2．Why is it hard to count forest elephants?A．The thick forest affects the normal use of AI.B．It’s easy for them to disappear into the forest.C．Conservation workers often get lost in the forest.D．They move to different forests in different seasons.3．What can be learned about the AI?A．It is taken advantage of by poachers.B．It will be used to count other animals.C．It has already made some useful discoveries.D．It can count the exact number of forest animals.4．In what way can forest elephants benefit from AI now?A．They’re safe in all parts of the forest.B．Poachers can be recognized by networks.C．Protecting force can be better positioned in the park.D．Park managers are training them to adapt to new conditions.The simple word “fun” only has one syllable（音节）, so you'd think you'd add “er” or “est” on it to create comparatives or superlatives. But if you were to say “I think Magic Kingdom is a funner park than Epcot.” or “Fantasy World was the funnest vacation ever!” , you might get some strange looks. It sounds like something cute-because-it's-wrong that a little kid would say. You might begin to doubt the existence of such a word as “funner”. But. . . why? “Fun” has one syllable. So why do we choose to use “more fun” as the comparative—especially considering that the similar word “funny”, which has more syllables than “fun”, uses the suffixes（后缀）with no problem?Well, the confusion comes from the fact that the word “fun” was not originally an adjective （形容词）. Until the early 19th century, it was mostly just a noun, and it gained its meaning as “amusement” in the 18th century. But as early as the 1800s, people began using it as an adjective, the way we'd describe “a fun time” or “a fun place” today.And, as they usually do when people use words wrong, grammar experts blamed this usage, one professor saying that hearing the adjective version of “fun” caused severe sickness" in him. But obviously, that didn't stop people from using “fun” as an adjective, which brought up the question of its comparative and superlative forms.Grammarians have mostly come around to the use of “fun” as an adjective though some dictionaries still call it informal, but the comparative and superlative forms are a bit morewishy-washy. There was and remains a mentality of “Fine, you can use ‘fun’ as an adjective. . . but, like, it's not a real one, so it can't follow the rules of real adjectives”. Most dictionaries agree that the answer to “is funner a word?” is yes. But this doesn't mean that "more fun" and "most fun" are incorrect. In fact, in formal writing, you'll probably still want to use those instead of “funner” and “funnest”.5．How is the text developed?A．By comparing two different usages.B．By exploring the answer to a question.C．By providing evidence for an argument.D．By looking at different aspects of a problem.6．What happened to the word “fun” in the early 19th century?A．It began to be used as an adjective.B．It was taken in by dictionaries.C．It gets the meaning”amusement”.D．It appeared in formal writing.7．What was grammarians' attitude towards using “fun”as an adjective?A．They tried to stop people using it.B．They were unwilling to accept it.C．They were confused as to what to do.D．They blamed each other for the mistake.8．What's the best title for the text?A．Is Funner a Word?B．Are Grammarians Correct?C．Can All Rules be Followed?D．Will the Confusion Continue?Given the crowds of visitors and many attractions at the Disney parks, it's easy to get lost. Thankfully, you will always find a worker to point you in the right direction. When you do, you just might start to notice something unique about their body language—and it's just one of the many secrets Disney employees won't tell you.Cast members, as park employees are called, are taught in their training to always point with two fingers instead of one. The first reason for this is that pointing with just the one indexfinger(食指), as most Americans do, is considered impolite in some cultures and countries. TheDisney parks have always attracted many international visitors, so the friendlier two-finger gesture became the norm among employees, in an effort to be sensitive and welcoming to every person. Employees have even affectionately named it "the Disney point”. Michaela Paris, a former Disney employee, said the Disney point is a sign of respect."Disney receives plenty of foreign travelers to their parks. The typical single finger point is a symbol of disrespect and has a negative(负面的) meaning in many cultures. Therefore, Disney created 'the Disney point' to accommodate all of their guests, " Paris said.Other sources say this way of pointing is related to Disney himself. According to the Huffington Post, it's actually how Walt Disney himself used to point things out to visitors, because he usually had a cigarette balanced between the two fingers. You won't find cast members today smoking a cigarette—there's no smoking allowed for anyone, employees or guests, once you are inside the entrances at Disney parks—but the tradition of pointing with two fingers still stands.Keep an eye out for the statue of Walt and Mickey doing "the Disney point" next time you're at Disney World. Meanwhile don't miss other such rules that all Disney employees must follow. 9．When will a visitor probably notice "the Disney point"?A．When asking the way.B．When entering the park.C．When greeting foreigners.D．When smoking a cigarette.10．What does “the Disney point” refer to?A．A gesture.B．An employee.C．A park.D．A statue. 11．What does the underlined word "accommodate" in paragraph 3 mean?A．offer space to.B．put up.C．provide food for.D．adapt to. 12．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A．Rules to follow in the park.B．The life story of Walt Disney.C．Some attractions at Disney World.D．A possible origin of “the Disney point”.Lonely? You’re hardly alone. Loneliness was becoming a growing problem for teens, especially girls throughout industrial nations across the globe. That’s the finding of a new study.The new study linked rising loneliness to a greater use of smartphones and the Internet over the same years. Jean Twenge and her team shared their new findings in the July 20 Journal ofAdolescence. Twenge, a psychologist working at San Diego State University in California, and her team have found since 2012, U. S. teens have been spending less time together face-to-face. “Smartphones can help keep us connected with friends,” says Twenge. “But they can also make people feel excluded.” Girls, especially, may feel this way. Studies have shown that girls may feel like an outcast if the photos and selfies they post don’t get a lot of “likes”.And then there’s “phubbing”, a mixture of “phone” and “snubbing”. It’s a moment in which a friend or family member takes out a phone and stares at it, ignoring everybody else, including you. Phubbing is one way tech can affect you, even when you’re not the one using it.The fact that so many more were reporting loneliness is a worrisome trend. Could technology really be behind that? “In general, I tend to think of technology as one piece of a broader puzzle contributing to loneliness,” says Amanda Lenhart, a researcher who studies how technology affects people’s lives at the Data & Society Research Institute.If technology leads to loneliness, should we stop using it? “No, not at all,” argues Twenge. “Everybody of all ages is trying to figure out how we can best use these technologies and stay mentally healthy.” Her favorite bit of advice is to “use your smartphone for what it’s good for. Then put it away”. That includes putting it away overnight—ideally in another room.13．What does the underlined word “excluded” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Left out.B．Content.C．Taken in.D．Confident. 14．What kind of person does “phubbing” refer to?A．Being abused on the Internet.B．Being affected by technology.C．Mixing words to create new ones.D．Ignoring someone in favor of a phone. 15．What advice does Twenge give about the use of the telephone?A．Reducing its use.B．Banning it thoroughly.C．Using it appropriately.D．Never using it overnight.16．Where is the text probably taken from?A．A personal diary.B．A questionnaire survey.C．A science magazine.D．A science fiction.Common-cold SenseYou can’t beat it, but you don’t have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold” because it’s more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn’t have anything to dowith getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses(鼻病毒), and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults—an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven’t had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune(免疫的)to it –but only it.Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person’s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails(拇指甲)of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant(消毒剂) soap, especially when children in your household have colds.But even careful hygiene won’t ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes?The old prescription(处方)of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you’ll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.17．According to the passage, you may have a cold because of ________ .A．cold weatherB．the spread of rhinovirusesC．another person’s coughingD．washing hands too often18．What does the underlined part “ward off” in paragraph 6 probably mean?A．To take part inB．To be related toC．To prevent from happening.D．To have the chance of19．According to the passage, when you are having a cold, ________.A．you can get better only by drinking lots of waterB．you must get the cold from others’ sneezing or coughingC．it is always the same kind of cold that you had last timeD．it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time20．What is the purpose of the passage?A．To sell some medicineB．To talk about “common cold”C．To introduce ways to cure coldD．To teach people to keep cleanMost people can’t live to 100.Those who do live so long can hardly walk, let alone take part in any activities. A few people, however, take part in dangerous activities even though they are more than 100 years old﹣They keep going and going! There is a great grandmother who likes challenging herself although she is 101 years old this year.Mary Hardison believes that people should always be cheerful and more importantly, take on all kinds of adventures while they physically still can. So, instead of celebrating her 101st birthday with a boring party, she decided to go paragliding(滑翔跳伞)﹣an idea she got from her 75﹣year ﹣old son who recently took it up as a hobby.So on her birthday, cheered on by her big family, she tied herself up together with expert instructor Kevin Hintze, and jumped down fearlessly from the sky near her home in Ogden, Utah. And, it was not just a simple jump either. According to Kevin Hintze, the grandmother encouraged him to turn around, as they made their way down.This is not the first time that Mary has done something “wild” and “crazy”. For her 90th birthday she rode all the adult rides at Disneyland. And, she is not done yet﹣For her 102nd birthday she hopes to go down the 3,000 feet Alpine Slide at Utah’s Park City Mountain Resort!Not surprisingly, this great action has made Mary Hardison very famous and also earned her a place in the Guinness World Records where she broke a 2007 record set by a 100﹣year﹣old British woman. What an amazing lady!21．What do we know about Mary Hardison？A．She took up paragliding as her hobby at the age of 75.B．She is the oldest woman in the Guinness World Records.C．She was recorded in the Guinness World Records in 2007.D．She is a 101﹣year﹣old lady who likes challenging herself.22．From whom did Mary get the idea of going paragliding？A．A 100﹣year﹣old British woman.B．Her 75﹣year﹣old son.C．Her grandson.D．Kevin Hintze.23．How does the author feel about Mary’s action？A．Doubtful.B．Supportive.C．Amazed.D．Worried. 24．What can be a suitable title for the passage?A．A 101-year-old lady’s Life StoryB．Paragliding Is HotC．How to Learn ParaglidingD．Never too Old to Learn Something NewFrom the age of 6, Samirah Horton was bullied (欺凌) by her classmates for the things that made her different — her size and her sharp voice. Rather than giving up, Horton decided to pick up a microphone and make sure other children knew they weren’t alone. “I didn’t want other kids to go through that experience,” says Horton, “especially at a very young age.” Now, alongside attending eighth grade classes, she’s also building an anti-bullying platform to reach students across the country.For as long as Horton remembers, she's felt a special connection to music. She remembers her mother always having the radio on, and her father teaching her how to deejay (主持) . Music gives her unlimited power to do the duty. “It’s music that fuels my mission, allowing me to spread this important message,”she says. Now as the Kid DJ for her hometown team, you can hear anything from the hip-hop classics to songs of her own, including the anti-bullying song “No You Won’t Bully Me”.Her message has reached beyond the DJ set. At 8. Horton turned one of her songs into a26-page picture book, which has reached thousands of people across America. In the book, she references the over 160,000 students who miss school daily for fear of being bullied.Horton isn’t sure exactly what the future holds, but for now, she’s positive about leading her school’s student government. “I don’t know exactly what I’ll be doing, but I know I’ll be making a positive influence on the world,” she says. She’s already on her way, but her biggest achievement in her own eyes is persuading others not to doubt themselves along the way. “Don’t care whatanybody tells you,” she says. “You are never too young to make a change.”25．Why was Horton bullied?A．Because of her age.B．Because of her weight.C．Because of her grades.D．Because of her hobby.26．What does the underlined word “mission” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Task.B．Anger.C．Skill.D．Curiosity. 27．What can we learn from Horton’s story?A．Fear invites danger.B．No voice is too small.C．Success is peace of mind.D．Imperfections are beauty.28．What might be the best title for the passage?A．A Picture-Book WriterB．A Hip-Hop Music LoverC．An Environmental ActivistD．An Anti-Bullying AdvocateA little kid is looking at a new picture book. Suddenly it points to a picture and shouts “chair”. The kid makes the right call, but that does not seem particularly interesting to us. We recognize all kinds of chairs as “chair” without any difficulty. For a kid, however, this is a huge learning process. It must associate the chair pictured in the book with the chairs it already knows — even though they may have different shapes or colors. How does the child do that?The answer is categorization. Every time a child meets a chair, it stores the experience. Based on similarities between the chairs, the child’s brain will abstract the characteristics and functionsof chairs by forming the category “chair”. This allows the child to later quickly link new chairs to the category and the knowledge it contains.Our brain categorizes continuously. “Without categorization, we would not be able to interact with our environment as efficiently as we do,” Picter Goltstein, a senior professor says. In other words: We would have to learn for every new chair we meet that we can sit on it. “But the general processes of categorization in the brain are largely unknown,” he added.Some scientists tested whether mice categorize in a way similar to us. To do so, they showed mice different pictures of different patterns and gave them a sorting rule. The mice were able to learn the rule and reliably sorted the given patterns into the correct category. They even putpatterns they had not seen before into the correct categories. Therefore, the study demonstrates for the first time how well mice categorize and approach our ability for abstraction.The researchers found that certain neurons (神经元) in a brain area became active when the mice sorted the patterns. Interestingly, different groups of neurons reacted selectively to individual categories. After observing the activity of such neurons from the beginning to the end of category learning, the researchers found that the neurons didn’t acquire their selectivity immediately, but only developed it little by little during the learning process.29．What does the first paragraph tell us?A．Learning should happen with joy.B．Chairs are easy to recognize for kids. C．Kids can group things of similar nature.D．Picture books are attractive to little kids. 30．Why is Picter Goltstein mentioned?A．To explain how to interact effectively.B．To tell the way the brain work efficientlyC．To show how to recognize different things.D．To stress the importance of categorization.31．How can we describe the mice’s performance?A．Rather bad.B．As expected.C．Surprisingly good.D．Better than human’s.32．What can we learn from the mice experiment?A．The rules of selectivity are found.B．People can say when to categorize.C．Categorization develops over time.D．All the neurons respond at the same time.The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data ofthe first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.33．Why was the sugar tax introduced?A．To collect money for schools.B．To improve the quality of drinks.C．To protect children’s health.D．To encourage research in education. 34．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?A．They turned to overseas markets.B．They raised the prices of their products. C．They cut down on their production.D．They reduced their products’ sugar content. 35．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?A．Most alcoholic drinks.B．Milk-based drinks.C．Fruit juices.D．Classic Coke.36．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?A．It is a short-sighted decision.B．It is a success story.C．It benefits manufacturers.D．It upsets customers.He was the last person who should have run into a burning building—he had lung disease. But that didn’t stop him. Michael Surrell and his wife was parking when they got a call from their daughter: “The house next door is on fire!” He went to investigate.Though the fire department had been called, Surrell ran inside. The thick smoke burned his eyes and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions were life-threatening for Surrell.After a few minutes, he went outside to catch his breath. Taking a deep breath, he went in again. The house was similar to his, so he made it to the second floor. He couldn’t see anything. Then a soft moan (呻吟声) came. Still unable to see, Surrell crawled (爬行) toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the trapped.Finally, he touched something. He pulled the kid toward him and held her into his arms and stood. He fought through the smoke and ran into the blackness. The next thing he knew, he was at the front door, then outside. Surrell put Tiara down on the porch. He started CPR. Soon a cough came from Tiara’s throat. Surrell gave five more breaths. She coughed again, opened her eyes and took a breath on her own.Surrell woke up in the hospital days later, having suffered severe burns to his lungs. He spent a week in the hospital. The fire worsened Surrell’s condition, and he feels the effects even two years later. “It’s a small price to pay,” he says. “I’d do it again without a second thought.”37．What was Surrell doing when he got to know the fire?A．He was parking.B．He was walking with his wife.C．He was washing his car.D．He was talking with his daughter. 38．What can we learn from the text?A．Surrell saved Tiara at his first attempt.B．Surrell never regret carrying out his deed.C．Surrell called the fire department before running inside.D．Surrell saw Tiara on the second floor and carried her outside.39．Which words can best describe Surrell?A．Kind and devoted.B．Brave and devoted.C．Generous and kind.D．Considerate and devoted.40．What is the best title for the text?A．A Big Fire Broke out B．A Man Carried out CPR to Save a Girl C．The Last Man Saved Another Person D．Surrell Suffered Severe Burns to His Lungs参考答案1．C2．B3．C4．C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。