中国政府公共R&D与自主创新关系的实证研究
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:254.71 KB
- 文档页数:3
中国省级政府公共治理效能评价指标体系设计3施雪华 方盛举内容提要:中国省级政府公共治理效能评价是一个综合性系统,包括评价主体、评价对象、评价价值取向设定、评价指标体系建构、评价实施与操作、评价方法选择、评价模型、制度安排、评价信息使用等等。
其中,评价主体是核心,而评价指标以及标准的制定是关键。
评价指标若设计不合理,将会使效能评价难以达到预期的目标。
因此,从政策、体制、行为三个视角设计一套评价中国省级政府公共治理效能的指标体系,对于提升我国地方政府的综合治理效能具有重要的理论启示和实践运用价值。
关键词:省级政府;公共治理效能;评价指标体系一、问题的提出省级政府公共治理效能评价指标,就是根据评价主体和评价价值取向定位的要求,搜集省级政府行政成果的有关信息,综合反映省级政府提供管理与服务能力的基本情况,对特定省级政府的效能做出全面、综合判断的标准。
省级政府公共治理效能评价指标具有反映省、自治区、直辖市政府管理与服务状态,检测省、自治区、直辖市政府管理与服务过程,预测和计划地方政府发展,评价省、自治区、直辖市政府管理与服务绩效等功能,直接关系到效能评价活动的实质性开展,关系到地方政府下一阶段工作的改进和提高,而其所具有的价值取向也引导着地方政府未来的发展方向。
对于省级政府公共治理效能评价指标体系,如果一一罗列的话会极为复杂。
按照穷尽罗列的方式来评价政府绩效,其优点是全面,其缺陷是评估成本太高,而且几乎没有实践上的可操作性。
那么,能否找到一种少而精的,而且能够客观而充分地反映政府绩效水平的指标体系呢?本研究正是基于这种考虑而展开的,为此,我们在设计省级政府公共治理效能评价指标体系时,确定了必须遵循的依据和原则:职能原则。
即在遴选省级政府公共治理效能评价指标时,首要依据省级政府承担的法定职3本文为施雪华主持的国家教育部首批新世纪优秀人才支持计划课题《当代中国政府公共治理效能的理论设计、调查评估与发展规划研究》的研究成果,课题批准号为:NCET-04-0677;同时,也是施雪华主持的教育部“学习宣传贯彻党的十七大精神和改革开放三十周年理论研究应急课题”《中国特色社会主义政治发展道路研究》的研究成果之一,课题批准号为:2008JYJ060;还是施雪华主持的北京师范大学引进人才(学科带头人)科研启动基金项目《当代中国政治发展的战略与模式研究》的研究成果之一,课题批准号为:107021。
中国公共政策执行研究现状与展望韩娜娜(吉首大学法学与公共管理学院,湖南 吉首 416000)①摘 要:中国公共政策执行研究起步于20世纪90年代,自新世纪以来取得快速发展。
综观研究成果,主要集中在介绍西方公共政策执行理论演变过程、中国公共政策执行模型构建、影响中国公共政策执行因素的探讨、以案例探讨某类公共政策的执行情况、公共危机政策执行等五个方面。
通过分析发现中国公共政策执行研究规模大,发展快,但主要集中在应用分析,理论研究深度不足,适合中国情的公共政策执行不够深入、多因素联动影响机制有待研究、案例研究指导有待上升至政府层面。
同时伴随风险社会到来,公共危机政策执行研究成为新的研究方向。
关键词:公共政策执行;研究现状;研究展望中图分类号:D630畅1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1671-380X(2014)05-0032-04ResearchStatusandProspectofChinesePublicPolicyImplementationHANNa-na(SchoolofLawandPulicManagement,JishouUniversity,Jishou416000,China)Abstract:TheresearchofChinesepublicpolicyimplementation(CPPI)startedinthe1990s,andexperiencedareallyrapiddevelopmentinthefollowingdecades畅Duringtheseperiods,theinvestigationmainlyfocusedonsuchfiveaspects,theintroductionofthewesterntheoryevolutioninthepublicpolicyimplementation,themodelcon-structionofCPPI,effectsonCPPI,investigationofCPPIbycertaincasesdiscussion,publiccrisispolicyimple-mentation畅ThereviewindicatesthatthestudiesofCPPIhavebeenrapidlyperformedanddeveloped畅However,thedeeplytheoreticalstudyofCPPIislacking,whilemostofresearcherspayattentiontotheapplicationofCPPI畅Beside,theresearchofthepubliccrisispolicyimplementationwouldbethenextconcentratedtopicasthepromotionofthesocialrisks畅Keywords:ChinesePublicPolicyImplementation;researchstatus;researchprospects 公共政策在国家公共管理活动中居于核心地位。
中国共产党,其他政党及政协相关名称中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC中央党校Party School of the CPC中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC中国人民政治协商会议及其机构The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and Its Structure中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee专门委员会Special Committee提案委员会Committee for Handling Proposals经济委员会Committee for Economic Affairs人口资源环境委员会Committee of Population, Resources and Environment教科文卫体委员会Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports社会和法制委员会Committee for Social and Legal Affairs民族和宗教委员会Committee for Ethnic and Religious Affairs文史资料委员会Committee of Cultural and Historical Data港澳台侨委员会Committee for Liaison with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Overseas Chinese外事委员会Committee of Foreign Affairs中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees中国政党Chinese Parties中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang九三学社Jiu San Society台湾民主自治同盟(台盟)Taiwan Democratic SelfGovernment League中国各级党政机关干部名称英译名中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee政治局常委Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee中央委员 Member, Central Committee候补委员 Alternate Member省委/市委书记Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People's Republic of China 全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People's Congress秘书长 Secretary-General主任委员 Chairman委员 Member(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People's Congress人大代表 Deputy to the People's Congress国务院总理 Premier, State Council国务委员 State Councilor秘书长 Secretary-General(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for(国务院各部)部长 Minister部长助理 Assistant Minister司长 Director局长 Director省长 Governor常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People's Government地区专员 Commissioner, prefecture香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor区长 Chief Executive, District Government县长 Chief Executive, County Government乡镇长 Chief Executive, Township Government秘书长 Secretary-General办公厅主任 Director, General Office(部委办)主任 Director处长/副处长 Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief科长/股长 Section Chief科员 Clerk/Officer发言人 Spokesman顾问 Adviser参事 Counselor巡视员 Inspector/Monitor特派员 Commissioner人民法院院长 President, People's Courts人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, People's Tribunals审判长 Chief Judge审判员 Judge书记 Clerk of the Court法医 Legal Medical Expert法警 Judicial Policeman人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General, People's procuratorates监狱长 Warden律师 Lawyer公证员 Notary Public总警监 Commissioner General警监 Commissioner警督 Supervisor警司 Superintendent警员 Constable中国国家机关名称 China's State Organs全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee教育,科学,文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China中央军事委员会Central Military Commission最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate国务院State Council国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence发改委National Development and Reform Committee教育部Ministry of Education科技部Ministry of Science and Technology工信部Ministry of Industry and Information国家民委State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部 Ministry of Public Security国家安全部 Ministry of State Security监察部 Ministry of Supervision民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部 Ministry of Justice财政部 Ministry of Finance人力资源和社会保障部Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources环保部Ministry of Environmental Protection住房和城乡建设部Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural development*铁路部 Ministry of Railways交通部 Ministry of Transport水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture商务部Ministry of Commerce文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health*国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People’s Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs国家税务总局State Taxation Administration中国民用航空总局Civil A viation Administration of China (CAAC)*国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce*新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration*国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)*国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counsellors’ Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council新华通讯社-Xinhua News Agency中国科学院-Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院-Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国家行政学院National School of Administration中国地震局--China Seismological Bureau中国气象局--China Meteorological Bureau中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)部委管理的国家局State Bureau Administration by Ministration or C ommission)国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)-State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State D evelopment Planning Commission)国家国内贸易局- State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局- State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局--State Bureau of Machine Building Industry国家冶金工业局--State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家轻工业局-State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局--State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局-State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局--State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局-State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)国家文物局(文化部) -State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)国家中医药管理局(卫生部) --State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under t he Ministry of Public Health)国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行)- State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under th e People’s Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) -State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quar antine (under the General Administration of Customs)省直机关中国共产党山西省委员会 Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPC书记Secretary副书记Vice Secretary常务委员Member of the Standing Committee委员Member秘书长Secretary-General常务副秘书长Executive Vice Secretary-General副秘书长Deputy Secretary-General山西省人民代表大会常务委员会The Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Shanxi Province主任Chairman副主任Vice-Chairman秘书长Secretary-General副秘书长Deputy Secretary-General委员Member省政府及有关部门山西省人民政府The People’s Government of Shanxi Province省长Governor常务副省长Executive Vice Governor副省长Vice Governor秘书长Secretary-General常务秘书长Executive Vice Secretary-General副秘书长Vice Secretary-General厅长(局长、主任)Director-General副厅长(副局长、副主任)Deputy Director-General巡视员Counsel助理巡视员Assistant Counsel处长Director of Division副处长Deputy Director调研员Consultant助理调研员Assistant Consultant科长Section Chief副科长Deputy Section Chief主任科员Principal Staff Member副主任科员Senior Staff Member科员Staff Member办事员Clerk中国人民政治协商会议山西省委员会 Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPPCC主席Chairman副主席Vice Chairman常务委员Member of the Standing Committee委员Member秘书长Secretary-General副秘书长Deputy Secretary-General山西省高级人民法院The Higher People’s Court of Shanxi Province院长President常务副院长Executive Vice-President副院长Vice-President审判委员会委员Member of the Judicial Committee审判员Judge助理审判员Assistant Judge书记员Clerk山西省人民检察院The People’s Procuratorate of Shanxi Province检察长Procurator-General副检察长Deputy Procurator-General检察委员会委员Member of the Procuratorial Committee检察员Procurator助理检察员Assistant Procurator书记员Clerk省政府组成部门山西省人民政府办公厅:General Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Provi nce省发展计划委员会:Development Planning Commission of Shanxi Province省经济贸易委员会:Economic and Trade Commission of Shanxi Province省教育厅:Department of Education of Shanxi Province省科学技术厅:Department of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province省公安厅:Department of Public Security of Shanxi Province省国家安全厅:Department of State Security of Shanxi Province省监察委员会(省纪检委):Supervision Commission of Shanxi Province ( Shanxi Co mmission for Discipline Inspection)省民政厅:Department of Civil Affairs of Shanxi Province省司法厅:Department of Justice of Shanxi Province省财政厅:Department of Finance of Shanxi Province省人事厅:Department of Personnel of Shanxi Province省劳动和社会保障厅:Department of Labour and Social Security of Shanxi Province 省国土资源厅:Department of Land Resources of Shanxi Province省建设厅:Department of Construction of Shanxi Province省交通厅:Department of Communications of Shanxi Province省水利厅:Department of Water Resources of Shanxi Province省农业厅:Department of Agriculture of Shanxi Province省林业厅:Department of Forestry of Shanxi Province省商务厅:Department of Commerce of Shanxi Province省文化厅:Department of Culture of Shanxi Province省卫生厅:Department of Public Health of Shanxi Province省计划生育委员会:Family Planning Commission of Shanxi Province省审计厅:Department of Audit of Shanxi Province省政府工作部门省地方税务局:Bureau of Local Taxation of Shanxi Province省环保局:Bureau of Environmental Protection of Shanxi Province省广播电视局:Administration of Radio and Television of Shanxi Province省体育局:Administration of Sports of Shanxi Province省统计局:Statistics Bureau of Shanxi Province省工商行政管理局:Administration of Industry and Commerce of Shanxi Province省新闻出版局;Administration of Press and Publication of Shanxi Province省质量技术监督局:Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision of Shanxi P rovince省药品监督管理局:Drug Administration of Shanxi Province省旅游局:Tourism Administration of Shanxi Province省民族宗教事务局:Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs of Shanxi Province省粮食局:Grain Administration of Shanxi Province省乡镇企业管理局:Township Enterprises Administration of Shanxi Province省文物局:Cultural Relics Bureau of Shanxi Province省国防科学技术工业办公室:Office of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense of Shanxi Province省政府外事办公室:Foreign Af fairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Prov ince省政府机关事务管理局:Government Offices Administration of Shanxi Province省农业机械管理局:Bureau of Agricultural Machinery Administration of Shanxi provinc e省物价局:Price Control Administration of Shanxi Province省煤炭工业局:Bureau of Coal Industry of Shanxi Province省法制办公室:Legislative Affairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Provi nce省政府参事室:Counselor’s Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province省监狱管理局:Prison Administrative Bureau of Shanxi Province省公安厅交通管理局(交警总队):Traffic Administration of Shanxi Public Security Dep artment (Traffic Police Headquarters)省地方铁路局:Local Railways Administration of Shanxi Province省人民防空办公室:Civil Air Defense Office of Shanxi Province省档案局:Archives Administration of Shanxi Province省测绘局:Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of Shanxi Province省公路局:Highway Bureau of Shanxi Province省机械设备成套局:Machinery & Equipment Complete Sets Bureau of Shanxi Provinc e省万家寨引黄工程管理局:Administration Bureau of Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project of Shanxi Province省地质勘查开发局:Bureau of Geological Surveys and Explorations of Shanxi Provinc e省煤田地质局:Bureau of Coal Geology of Shanxi Province省煤炭基本建设局:Bureau of Coal Basic Construction of Shanxi Province省改革和发展研究中心:Research Center of Reform and Development of Shanxi Pro vince省招生考试管理中心:Enrolment and Examination Administrative Center of Shanxi Pr ovince省行政学院(省委党校):School of Administration of Shanxi Proince (Party School of CPC Shanxi Provincial Committee)山西日报社:Shanxi Daily Agency省社会科学院:Shanix Academy of Social Sciences省农业科学院:Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences省社会主义学院:Socialism Institute of Shanxi Province中央部属单位:新华社山西分社:Shanxi Xinhua News Agency财政部驻山西财政监察专员办事处:Shanxi Resident Financial Supervision Office of Mi nistry of Finance审计署驻太原特派办:Taiyuan Resident Audit Office of CNAO (China National Audit Office)中国证监会驻太原特派办:Taiyuan Resident Office of China Securities Regulatory Co mmission省通信管理局:Telecommunications Administration of Shanxi Province省邮政局:Post Bureau of Shanxi Province省气象局:Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province省地震局:Seismological Bureau of Shanxi Province省国税局:Shanxi Provincial Administration of State Bureau省出入境检验检疫局:Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of Shanxi Provinc e中国民航山西省管理局:Civil Aviation Administration of China, Shanxi Branch省煤矿安全监察局:Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau of Shanxi Province厅机关各部门办公室General office人事处division of human resources法规处division of policies& regulations计划财务处division of planning and finance公平贸易处division of fair trade对外贸易处division of foreign trade机电产品进出口办公室division of mechanic and electronic products import and export office 科技处division of scientific and technology市场流通处division of market外资管理处division of foreign investment administration对外经济合作处division of foreign economic cooperation机关党委DOFCOM committee of communist party of china老干处division of veteran’s affairs厅长director general副厅长deputy director general处长director副处长deputy director11。
公共治理理论公共治理理论产生背景1、自20世纪70年代以来,西方发生的社会、经济和管理危机,推动了公共管理和公共行政理论研究的范式变革。
2、近代资本主义社会的发展,政府公共管理的范围日趋扩展规模不断扩大,公共行政获得了相对独立于政治之外的地位。
3、公民社会发展的需要。
4、现代信息技术的发展。
5、西方学者的努力和众多社会组织集团的迅速成长。
治理的含义1、治理的基本含义:“治理”的基本含义是指在一个既定的范围内运用权威维持秩序,满足公众的需要。
治理的目的是在各种不同的制度关系中运用权力去引导、控制和规范公民的各种活动,以最大限度地增进公共利益。
从政治学的角度看,治理是指政治管理的过程,它包括政治权威的规范基础、处理政治事务的方式和对公共资源的管理。
它特别地关注在一个限定的领域内维持社会秩序所需要的政治权威的作用和对行政权力的运用。
2、罗茨(R.Rhodes)关于治理的六种不同定义:a.作为最小国家的管理活动的治理,它指的是国家削减公共开支,以最小的成本取得最大的效益;b.作为公司管理的治理,它指的是指导、控制和监督企业运行的组织体制;c.作为新公共管理的治理,它指的是将市场的激励机制和私人部门的管理手段引入政府的公共服务;d.作为善治的治理,它指的是强调效率、法治、责任的公共服务体系;e.作为社会控制体系的治理,它指的是政府与民间、公共部门与私人部门之间的合作与互动;f.作为自组织网络的治理,它指的是建立在信任与互利基础上的社会协调网络。
3、格里•斯托克(GerryStoker)关于治理的五种观点a.治理意味着一系列来自政府但又不限于政府的社会公共机构和行为者。
b.治理意味着在为社会和经济问题寻求解决方案的过程中存在着界限和责任方面的模糊性。
c.治理明确肯定了在涉及集体行为的各个社会公共机构之间存在着权力依赖。
d.治理意味着参与者最终将形成一个自主的网络。
e.治理意味着办好事情的能力并不仅限于政府的权力,不限于政府的发号施令或运用权威。
1政府购买公共服务存在的问题1.1购买项目少政府购买公共服务的项目可以涉及到社会生活的方方面面,但目前政府购买公共服务这一新的提供公共服务的方式较为新颖,在我国起步较晚,国家和地方政府都处于摸索阶段,社会各界及公众对政府购买公共服务这一模式也不太了解,传统观念尚未转变。
目前,政府购买公共服务的项目仅涉及到养老助残、社区服务、医疗救助几个基本的公共服务领域,而在教育、文化、住房等主导型的公共服务领域却没有涉及,涉及的项目相对较少。
1.2购买投入少政府购买公共服务属于政府采购的一部分,政府采购资金本就十分有限,采购重点主要放在物资领域,用于社会公共服务领域的资金投入相对较少。
而且,政府购买公共服务尚是一个崭新的领域,处于试点摸索阶段,政府更不可能将采购资金过多地放在一个尚不知效果如何的新领域。
政府购买公共服务应建立社会建设专项资金,但目前国内大多数地方政府都没有建立这项专项资金,只能使用部分福彩公益基金。
1.3购买效益不高由于政府购买公共服务这一管理观念较新,政府各级部门及工作人员对此还不能完全理解透彻,认知度不高,不知道自己在政府购买公共服务应该做些什么,或者能够做些什么。
政府各级部门及工作人员对购买公共服务认识不透彻,就无法认清政府购买公共服务这一模式的优越性,也就没有足够的动力去推动这项工作的开展,导致政府购买公共服务宣传力度和执行力度不够。
而且由于在我国长期以来都是由政府直接为公众提供公共服务,一旦将这种模式转换为由社会团体、民办非企业单位和基金会等社会力量来提供公共服务,民众一时之间很难接受,也很难对政府购买公共服务这一模式进行信任。
1.4社会组织发展不完善要想承接公共服务的供给职能,社会组织就必须要强大,但目前社会组织发展还十分欠缺,不仅总量不足,还有不少社会组织规模较小,发育不健全,严重缺乏自主性和服务性,根本无力承接公共服务供给工作。
就算较为成熟的社会组织也常常由于组织的运作能力有限,不能充分动员有利的社会资源,承接公共服务的能力相对不足。
全国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee教育,科学,文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China中央军事委员会Central Military Commission最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State CouncilMOFA外交部Ministry of Foreign AffairsMOND国防部Ministry of National DefenseSDPC国家发展计划委员State Development Planning CommissionSETC国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade CommissionMOE教育部Ministry of EducationMOST科学技术部Ministry of Science and TechnologyCSTINE国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National DefenseSEAC国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs CommissionMOPC公安部Ministry of Public SecurityMOSS安全局Ministry of State SecurityMOS监察部Ministry of SupervisionMOCA民政部Ministry of Civil AffairsMOJ司法部Ministry of JusticeMOF财政部Ministry of FinanceMOP人事部Ministry of PersonnelMOLSS劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social SecurityMOLR国土资源部Ministry of Land and ResourcesMOC建设部Ministry of ConstructionMOR铁路部Ministry of RailwaysMOC交通部Ministry of CommunicationsMOII信息产业部Ministry of Information IndustryMOWR水利部Ministry of Water ResourcesMOA农业部Ministry of AgricultureMOFTEC对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation MOC文化部Ministry of CultureMOPH卫生部Ministry of Public HealthSFPC国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning CommissionPBC中国人民银行People’s Bank of ChinaSAA国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counsellors’ Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council(4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国家行政学院National School of Administration中国地震局China Seismological Bureau中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureau Administration by Ministration or Commission)国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)国家国内贸易局State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health)国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People’s Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)城市管理China City management。
中国政府部门常见中英文词汇The People’s Republic of China (P. R. China) 中华人民共和国Province (Hebei Province) 省Prefecture (Cangzhou Prefecture) 区Municipality (Beijing Municipality) 市City (Cangzhou City) 市County (Cangxian County) 县Autonomous 自治(Autonomous District/Prefecture/County) Capital (Provincial Capital) 省会Communist Party of China 中国共产党National Party Congress 全国代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会(十五大)First Plenary Session 第一届中央全会(一中全会)Central Committee 中央委员会member of the Central Committee 中央委员alternate member of the Central Committee 候补中央委员Political Bureau 政治局member of the Political Bureau 政治局委员alternate member of the Political Bureau 政治局候补委员Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常务委员会member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常委Secretariat of the Central Committee 中央书记处General Secretary 总书记Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 中央纪律检查委员会International Liaison Department 对外联络部Organization Department 组织部United Front Work Department 统战部Propaganda Department 宣传部State President 国家主席President of PRC 中华人民共和国主席Vice President of PRC 中华人民共和国副主席National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 委员长Vice Chairpersons 副委员长Members of the NPC Standing Committee 常务委员会委员Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Chairman 主席Vice Chairman 副主席CMC Members 委员Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院President 最高人民法院院长Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院Procurator-General 最高人民检察院检察长State Council 国务院Prem ie r 总理Vice Prem ie r 副总理State Councilors 国务委员Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Ministry of National Defense 国防部State Development Planning Commission 国家发展计划委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 国家经济贸易委员会Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Sc ie nce and Technology 科学技术部Commission of Sc ie nce, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of State Security 安全部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部Ministry of Justice 司法部Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Personnel 人事部Ministry of Labor and Social Security 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources 国土资源部Ministry of Construction 建设部Ministry of Railways 铁道部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications 信息产业部Ministry of Water Resources 水利部Ministry of Agriculture 农业部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Econ omic Co-operation 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Culture 文化部Ministry of Health 卫生部State Family Planning Commission 国家计划生育委员会People's Bank of China中国人民银行Auditing Administration 审计署Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议National Committee 全国委员会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 主席Vice-Chairpersons 副主席Democratic party 民主党派Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang 中国国民党革命委员会(民革)China Democratic League 中国民主同盟(民盟)China Democratic National Construction Association 中国民主建国会(民建)China Association Promoting Democracy 中国民主促进会(民进)Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party 中国农工民主党China Zhi Gong Dang 中国致公党Jiu SanSoc ie ty 九三学社Taiwan Democratic self-government 台湾民主自治同盟(台盟)People's organization 人民团体All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华全国总工会(全总)Communist Youth League of China 中国共产主义青年团(共青团)All-China Federation of Youth 中华全国青年联合会(全国青联)All-China Students' Federation 中华全国学生联合会(全国学联)China Young Pioneers 中国少年先锋队(少先队)All-China Women's Federation 中华全国妇女联合会(全国妇联)China Association for Sc ie nce and Technology 中国科学技术协会(中国科协)China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国文学艺术界联合会(文联)All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中华全国归国华侨联合会(全国侨联) China Welfare Institute 中国福利会Red Cross Soc ie ty of China 中国红十字会Chinese People's Liberation Army 中国人民解放军Headquarters of the General Staff 总参谋部General Political Department 总政治部General Logistics Department 总后勤部General Armament Department 总装备部。