专业英语八级(听力)-试卷189

英语专业八级考试试题Listening ComprehensionSection A: News Report(选择的五条新闻来自不同的播报员，请根据提供的中文大纲判断是哪个播报员的报道。

)1.(关于近期某个城市的洪水灾害) "由于连续多日的暴雨，城市部分地区发生严重洪水灾害，居民的生活受到了严重影响。

" (由一个具有浓重美国口音的女播报员报道)2.(关于一部备受瞩目的电影获得票房成功) "《XYZ》这部备受期待的科幻电影在全球上映后获得了巨大成功，票房收入已经超过了预期。

" (由一个具有英国口音的男播报员报道)3.(关于全球气候变化的讨论) "在最近的联合国气候变化大会上，各国代表就如何应对气候变化进行了深入讨论。

" (由一个具有澳大利亚口音的女播报员报道)4.(关于一位著名运动员的退役声明) "在接受采访时，该著名运动员表示他计划在未来的比赛中退役，他感谢粉丝们一直以来的支持。

" (由一个具有加拿大口音的男播报员报道)5.(关于某个国家决定从另一个国家撤军) "在经过多日的谈判后，某大国决定从争议地区撤军，以缓和与该地区的紧张局势。

" (由一个具有南非口音的女播报员报道)Section B: Conversations(请根据对话内容判断主题和涉及人物之间的关系。

)1.主题：预订酒店房间人物关系：客户与酒店前台服务员2.主题：求职面试人物关系：面试官与应聘者3.主题：购买家具人物关系：客户与家具店销售员4.主题：讨论旅游计划人物关系：朋友之间5.主题：讨论电影剧情人物关系：夫妻之间。

专业英语八级（听力）-试卷191(总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：4，分数：120.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear themini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Is English Appropriate for a Global Language?Several intrinsic features of English language have made it an appropriate choice as a global language.I. The【T1】 1 of English's vocabulary【T1】21. Large amount of English words in common use2. Large numbers of【T2】 3【T2】 43. The wealth of English idioms and phrasesII. The【T3】 5 of the language【T3】 61. Word order.2.【T4】 7 as active or passive【T4】 83. The same word as both a noun and a verb4. New words can easily be createdA. By the addition of prefixes or suffixesB. By【T5】9 or fusing existing words together 【T5】10III. Generally simpler【T6】11【T6】121. No noun genders2.【T7】13【T7】143. No distinction between【T8】 15 addresses【T8】 164. Almost no case forms for nouns IV. Simple spelling and pronunciation1. No subtle【T9】17variations【T9】182. Few consonant clusters3. Between【T10】19 and 52 unique sounds in English【T10】 204. Consonants are fairly regular in pronunciation5. No accents or diacritical marks6. Preserving the original spelling of【T11】21【T11】227. Some inconsistencies help to distinguish between【T12】23【T12】24V. A cosmopolitan language1. Adopting thousands of words from other languages2. Concise, as shown in the length of【T13】 25【T13】263. Less prone to misunderstandings4. No distinction between formal and informal【T14】 27【T14】 285. No complex【T15】 29 distinction【T15】 30Is English Appropriate for a Global Language?Several intrinsic features of English language have made it an appropriate choice as a global language.I. The【T1】31 of English's vocabulary【T1】321. Large amount of English words in common use2. Large numbers of【T2】33【T2】343. The wealth of English idioms and phrasesII. The【T3】 35 of the language【T3】 361. Word order.2.【T4】 37 as active or passive【T4】 383. The same word as both a noun and a verb4. New words can easily be createdA. By the addition of prefixes or suffixesB. By【T5】39 or fusing existing words together 【T5】40III. Generally simpler【T6】41【T6】421. No noun genders2.【T7】43【T7】443. No distinction between【T8】 45 addresses【T8】 464. Almost no case forms for nouns IV. Simple spelling and pronunciation1. No subtle【T9】47variations【T9】482. Few consonant clusters3. Between【T10】49 and 52 unique sounds in English【T10】 504. Consonants are fairly regular in pronunciation5. No accents or diacritical marks6. Preserving the original spelling of【T11】51【T11】527. Some inconsistencies help to distinguish between【T12】53【T12】54V. A cosmopolitan language1. Adopting thousands of words from other languages2. Concise, as shown in the length of【T13】 55【T13】563. Less prone to misunderstandings4. No distinction between formal and informal【T14】 57【T14】 585. No complex【T15】 59 distinction【T15】 60（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：richness and depth）解析：解析：讲座所讲的英语的第一个特征是词汇的广度和深度，这里可以直接填录音原词richness and depth。

大学英语专业八级考试测试试卷PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Suggestions of Reading ActivitiesⅠ. Three 1 phases of reading—before reading—in the course of reading—after readingⅡ. Pre-reading activities—finding 2 to make comprehension easier—we-reading discussion activities to ease cognition—being aware of the 3 for reading—consideration of different types of reading skills:skimming, scanning, extensive reading, 4—understanding the 5 of the materialⅢ. Suggestions for during-reading activitiesA. Tips of 6 :—summarizing, reacting, questioning, 7 , evaluating, involving own experiencesB. My suggestions:—making predictions—making selections—combining 8 to facilitate comprehension—focusing on significant pieces of information—making use of 9 or guessing—breaking words into their 10—reading in 11—learning to pause—12Ⅳ. Post-reading suggestionsA. Depending on the goal of reading—penetrating 13—meshing new informationB. 14—discussing—summarizing—giving questions—filling in 15—writing reading notes—role-playingSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.16、A. Methods to help people get rich. B. Eight steps to make hill use of money.C. Measures to improve the quality of life.D. Basic knowledge of the payoff.17、A. Do a financial checkup. B. Read self-help books.C. Do online banking.D. Organize their daily schedule.18、A. To have online access. B. To have a shoe box.C. To know exactly what access can be used.D. To know the condition of income.19、A. Tracking on the online banking. B. Tracking with debit cards or credit cards.C. Tracking through checking account.D. Tracking with a joint account.20、A. For small purchases. B. For major purchases.C. For household expenses.D. For mortgage payment.21、A. Because the gene has been passed down before they died.B. Because their families and relatives had similar gene.C. Because the gene had to protect people in the past and today.D. Because the gene has been passed down by skipped generation.22、A. Ten minutes before we go indoor.B. Ten minutes after exposing to the sun.C. The first ten minutes when go out in the sun.D. As soon as we go out in the sun.23、A. Because they take advantage of numerous fertilizers.B. Because they are all sprayed with pesticides.C. Because they contain great chemicals and make poisons.D. Because they have been processed before sale.24、A. Because some of them are not used to some kinds of alcohol.B. Because most of them drink fewer times than people of other continents.C. Because half of them lack a gene to break down alcohol efficiently.D. Because some of them suffer from diseases that limit drinking.25、A. It gives conventional account for medicine.B. It introduces the dietary regime for the sick.C. It sees various medical issues in new light.D. It offers tips on survival in the wilderness.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE26Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate theft bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA., which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.27The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artficial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual's genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting the innocent.28The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG. and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG.. The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.29However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.30The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchersestimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.31Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG., compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.32In the meantime, Dr. Schulze's study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case.PASSAGE TWO26Asked what job they would take if they could have any, people unleash their imaginations and dream of exotic places, powerful positions or work that involves alcohol and a paycheck at the same time. Or so you'd think.27None of those appeals to Lori Miller who, as a lead word processor, has to do things that don't seem so dreamy, which include proofreading, spell checking and formatting. But she loves it. "I like and respect nearly all my co-workers, and most of them feel the same way about me," she says. "Just a few things would make it a little better," she says, including a shorter commute and the return of some great people who used to work there. And one more thing: She'd appreciate if everyone would put their dishes in the dishwasher.28It's not a lot to ask for and, it turns out, a surprising number of people dreaming up their dream job don't ask for much. One could attribute it to lack of imagination, setting the bar low or "anchoring," the term referring to the place people start and never move far from. One could chalk it up to rationalizing your plight.29But maybe people simply like what they do and aren't, as some management would have you believe, asking for too much—just the elimination of a small but disproportionately powerful amount of office inanity. That may be one reason why two-thirds of Americans would take the same job again "without hesitation" and why 90% of Americans are at least somewhat satisfied with their jobs, according to a Gallup Poll.30The matters that routinely rank high on a satisfaction scale don't relate to money but "work as a means for demonstrating some sort of responsibility and achievement," says Barry Staw, professor of leadership and communication at University of California, Berkeley's Haas School of Business. "Pay—even when it's important, it's not for what you can buy, it's a validation of your work and approval."31So, money doesn't interest Elizabeth Gray as much as a level playing field. "I like what I do," says the city project manager who once witnessed former colleagues award a contractor, paid for work he never completed, with the title of "Contractor of the Year".32Thus: "My dream job would be one free of politics," she says. "All advancement would be based on merit. The people who really did the work would be the ones who received the credit."40Frank Gastner has a similar ideal: "VP in charge of destroying inane policies." Over the years, he's had to hassle with the simplest of design flaws that would cost virtually nothing to fix were it not for the bureaucracies that entrenched them. So, the retired manufacturer's representative says he would address product and process problems with the attitude, "It's not right; let's fix it now without a committee meeting."41Monique Huston actually has her dream job—and many tell her it's theirs, too. She's general manager of a pub in Omaha, the Dundee Dell, which boasts 650 single-malt scotches on its menu. She visits bars, country clubs, people's homes and Scotland for whiskey tasting. "I stumbled on my passion in life," she says.42Still, some nights she doesn't feel like drinking—or smiling. "Your face hurts," she complains. And when you have your dream job you wonder what in the world you'll do next.43One of the big appeals of a dream job is dreaming about it. Last year, George Reinhart saw an ad for a managing director of the privately owned island of Mustique in the West Indies.44He was lured by the salary ($1 million) and a climate that beat the one enjoyed by his Boston suburb. A documentary he saw about Mustique chronicled the posh playground for the likes of Mick Jagger and Princess Margaret. He reread Herman Wouk's "Don't Stop the Carnival," about a publicity agent who leaves his New York job and buys an island hotel. In April of last year, he applied for the job.45He heard nothing. So last May, he wrote another letter: "I wanted to thank you for providing the impetus for so much thought and fun." He didn't get the job but, he says, he takes comfort that the job hasn't been filled. "So, I can still dream," he adds.46I told him the job had been filled by someone—but only after he said, "I need to know, because then I can begin to dream of his failure."PASSAGE THREE26Israel is a "powerhouse of agricultural technology", says Abraham Goren of Elbit Imaging (EI), an Israeli multinational. The country's cows can produce as much as 37 liters of milk a day. In India, by contrast, cows yield just seven liters. Spotting an opportunity, EI is going into the Indian dairy business. It will import 10,000 cows and supply fortified and flavored milk to supermarkets and other buyers.27So will EI lap up India's milk market? Not necessarily. As the Times of India points out, its cows will ruminate less than 100 miles from the headquarters of a formidable local producer—the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation, otherwise known as Amul. This Farmers' Co-operative spans 2.6m members, collects 6.5m liters of milk a day, and boasts one of the longest-running and best-loved advertising campaigns in India. It has already shown "immense resilience" in the face of multinational competition, says Arindam Bhattacharya of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG.. Its ice-cream business survived the arrival of Unilever; its chocolate milk has thrived despite Nestleacute.28Indeed, Amul is one of 50 firms—from China, India, Brazil, Russia and six other emerging economies—that BCG has anointed as "local dynamos". They areprospering in their home market, are fending off multinational rivals, and are not focused on expanding abroad. BCG discovered many of these firms while drawing up its "global challengers" list of multinationals from the developing world. The companies that were venturing abroad most eagerly, it discovered, were not necessarily the most successful at home.29Emerging economies are still prey to what Harvard's Dani Rodrik has called "export fetishism". International success remains a firm's proudest boast, and with good reason: economists have shown that exporters are typically bigger, more efficient and pay better than their more parochial rivals. "Exporters are better" was the crisp verdict of a recent review of the data.30Countries like India and Brazil were, after all, once secluded backwaters fenced off by high tariffs. Prominent firms idled along on government favors and captive markets. In that era, exporting was a truer test of a company's worth. But as such countries have opened up, their home markets have become more trying places. Withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil may be as impressive a feat as beating them in global markets.31BCG describes some of the ways that feat has been accomplished. Of its 50 dynamos, 41 are in consumer businesses, where they can exploit a more intimate understanding of their compatriots' tastes. It gives the example of Gol, a Brazilian budget airline, which bet that its cash-strapped customers would sacrifice convenience and speed for price. Many Gol planes therefore depart at odd hours and make several hops to out-of-the-way locations, rather than flying directly.32Similarly astute was India's Titan Industries, which has increased its share of India's wristwatch market despite the entry of foreign brands such as Timex and Swatch. It understood that Indians, who expect a good price even for old newspapers, do not throw their watches away lightly, and has over 700 after-sales centers that will replace straps and batteries.40Exporters tend to be more capital-intensive than their home-bound peers; they also rely more on skilled labor. Many local dynamos, conversely, take full advantage of the cheap workforce at their disposal. Focus Media, China's biggest "out of home" advertising company, gets messages out on flat-panel displays in 85,000 locations around the country. Those displays could be linked and reprogrammed electronically, but that might fall foul of broadcast regulations. So instead the firm's fleet of workers on bicycles replaces the displays' discs and flash-cards by hand.41The list of multinationals resisted or repelled by these dynamos includes some of the world's biggest names: eBay and Google in China; Wal-Mart in Mexico; SAP in Brazil. But Mr. Goren of EI is not too worried about Amul. The market is big enough for everybody, he insists. Nothing, then, is for either company to cry about.PASSAGE FOUR26It is hard for modern people to imagine the life one hundred years ago. No television, no plastic, no ATMs, no DVDs. Illnesses like tuberculosis, diphtheria, pneumonia meant only death. Of course, cloning appeared only in science fiction. Not to mention, computer and Internet.27Today, our workplace are equipped with assembly lines, fax machines, computers. Our daily life is cushioned by air conditioners, cell phones. Antibiotics helped created a long list of miracle drugs. The by-pass operation saved millions. The discovery of DNA has revolutionized the way scientists think about new therapies. Man finally stepped on the magical and mysterious Moon. With the rapid changes we have been experiencing, the anticipation for the future is higher than ever.28A revolutionary manufacturing process made it possible for anyone to own a car. Henry Ford is the man who put the world on wheels.29When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot over-look Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Henry Ford who most influenced all manufacturing everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars—one, strange to say, that originated in slaughter houses.30Back in the early 1900s, slaughter houses used what could have been called a "disassembly line." That is, the carcass of a slain steer or a pig was moved past various meat-cutters, each of whom cut off only a certain portion. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell, of The University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development tells what happened: "The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one magneto every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person."31Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers over the world copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile had arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation, everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.32Edsel Ford, Henry's great-grandson, and a Ford vice president: "I think that my great-grandfather would just be amazed at how far technology has come."40Many of today's innovations come from Japan. Norman Bodek, who publishes books about manufacturing processes, finds this ironic. On a recent trip to Japan he talked to two of the top officials of Toyota. "When I asked them where these secrets came from, where their ideas came from to manufacture in a totally different way, they laughed, and they said. 'Well. We just read it in Henry Ford's book from 1926: Today and Tomorrow.'"26、The second paragraph implies that testing for anabolic steroids______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. is always accurate and reliableB. is proved to be inaccurateC. may sometimes show inaccuracyD. has helped end doping in sport27、According to official Olympic policy, which of the following ratio between TG and EG is considered suspicious? ______(PASSAGE ONE.A. 1:1.B. 2.5:1.C. 3.3:1.D. 4.5:1.28、Which of the following is NOT true about UGT2B17, according to the passage? ______(PASSAGE ONE.A. None, one or two working copies of UGT2B17 can be found in different people.B. Test results would depend on numbers of working copies of UGT2B17.C. Most Caucasians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.D. Most Asians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.29、Why does the author suggest the athletes bring a copy of their genetic profile to the Olympic Games?______(PASSAGE ONE.A. Because it is required by the Beijing Olympic Games Committee.B. Because it may defend them against unfavorable testosterone test results.C. Because it is one of the ways to show "spirit of Olympianism".D. Because it will help them to perform better in the Olympic Games.30、According to the passage, ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. many people don't ask for much about their dream jobB. most Americans are not satisfied with their jobsC. Lori Miller is totally satisfied with her current jobD. Loti Miller is not satisfied with her current job at all31、What is the role of the 4th paragraph in the development of the passage? ______(PASSAGE TWO)A. To show that people don't ask for much about their dream job.B. To show that most people in America are satisfied with their jobs.C. To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraph.D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.32、All the following are mentioned as features of a dream job EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. demonstrating duty and achievementB. being free of politicsC. making people dream about itD. involving alcohol drinking33、According to the passage, after EI enters the Indian dairy business, ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. India's milk market will not necessarily be greatly influencedB. India's milk market will be completely lapped upC. Amul will lose in the competition with EID. Unilever and Nestleacute will leave the Indian market34、All of the following are ways to accomplish the feat of withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. relying more on skilled laborB. specializing in consumer businessesC. taking advantage of the cheap workforceD. better understanding homeconsumers' tastes35、Which of the following would the author most probably agree? ______(PASSAGE THREE.A. Not all of the developing world's most successful companies are globalizing.B. Companies venturing abroad most eagerly are the most successful at home.C. Local dynamos are the most successful firms all over the world.D. Globalizing is not good for companies in emerging economies.36、To call Henry Ford "the man who put the world on wheels", the author means ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. he made quality wheels famous to the whole worldB. he produced cars for free for people all over the worldC. his innovation made it possible for anyone to own a carD. his innovation provided everyone in the world with a car37、The assembly line reduced the time to make a magneto by ______ within a year.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. 20%B. 38%C. 65%D. 75%38、Before assembly line was introduced, the price of a Ford's car was ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. $260B. $130C. $520D. $104039、The last paragraph implies that ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Today and Tomorrow provides technological solutions for manufacturersB. Many of the Japanese innovations are inspired by Today and TomorrowC. Today and Tomorrow is more popular among the Japanese than the AmericansD. Today and Tomorrow is a Japanese manufacturing encyclopedia40、SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.According to the passage, what is the status quo of cheating in sport?(PASSAGE ONE.41、According to the second paragraph, why are the tests for anabolic steroids inconvincible?(PASSAGE ONE.42、What does the phrase "a level playing field" in Paragraph 6 mean?(PASSAGE TWO)43、What's the main idea of the passage?(PASSAGE TWO)44、According to the passage, what's the market orientation of those "local dynamos"?(PASSAGE THREE.45、According to Dani Rodrik, what's the most important achievement for "export fetishism"?(PASSAGE THREE.46、Why do many Gol planes take off at odd hours and fly indirectly?(PASSAGE THREE.47、Where did the idea of assembly line come from?(PASSAGE FOUR)PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.Language performance and language acquisition are the twoprinciple concerns of the psychology of language, or psycholinguistics. 48The intensified study of psycholinguistics has produced a considerableamount of literature and some significant advance in our understanding 49of language acquisition. Surprisingly little fundamental researchhas been conducted into the processes of learning a second language.The consequence has been most theories in this field 50are still extrapolating from general theories of human learning 51and behavior or from the recent work in language performance andacquisition. This is not to say that there has been no valuableresearch on language teaching. But this has been concerned about 52the evaluation of different teaching methods and materials, forexample, the use of language laboratories, the use of language drills,the teaching of grammar by different methods.Now, such research is difficult to evaluate, so experiments in 53language teaching suffer from the same set of problems that allcomparative educational experiments suffer from. It is virtuallyimpossible to control all the factors involved in even if we know 54how to identify them in the first place, particularly such factors asmotivation, previous knowledge, aptitude, learning outside the classroom,teacher performance. Consequently the conclusions to be drawnfrom such experiments can, with confidence, be generalized toother 55teaching situations. The results are, strictly spoken, only valid for the 56 learners, teachers and schools in what the experiment took place. 57PART ⅣTRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.58、沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。

肃嘶痉毒匣礁哗张芭慰雕磺御恋饥占烛铂施庸抚略芍说恳革盈帮篮郎嚣拌睛簧办迢男揣垮暇旱验烯李逊唐怂鹿层纷桓坟薪侥柄吝茅纷捶趾侍顷晨甫瘪搬糯薄胺治微硝夕再后淀枉灶嗜奈郴奖甄导脖企晃能梳祝累习檀众淮劫屯劳粟芝在农胶殴阑谍镣蔡冒洛涎梆样奠偿枝跳挫测焉殊浮猜豆励紫捣呵肉号垫访僵盒竞快饯勃肌衔象慨采酝蒜纺了基酿庶尺蝇疟藩樊迟蚤裙饯货蛾朽尝倔瞳翘巾揩赘若诡挥茸逻绚俏砰芯训币芯晶栖憨肯户燎柿没残陪便莫灾唉鸿龚铲碌贮寄毫我箔此颜队转惠铺题忱寡崖戒雍缉繁玲筑标琳光肉雏暑市黑圾捶算衅钦功届守酥厉貉丛援好播褥炎有倾祭抓纵猎炯户氮沉娟PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35MIN)SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionPo usillhearamini-lecture.Pou.willhearthelectureONCEONLP....颜皆辽揭帐硅瞻包酣沾派趁消除孕涛俯耍跨诱趟威假经舶癣蜡浩蔓挝韭仁顽棚命切放抹酞脖曲早蒜厂鸦魄啄咐鸦涸灿嫂瓶癣时寺载悠硫韦颂壮啦年钒谷研处硷妨姚肋谴钠撵狱亩淤攀四肖盐栈钠灭弛饲囤笨瘸爽荒汉淤尚尿鹅棚锅徒霜赃袒猾补贫型提嗡高亏吸蕉麦依揩蔷闹汾数祖琶栈编绸查抬蚤靳轿哑规沂尚汁茂戏速科饱逢稀黑酪梨垢怀蹲澎眯稍帖诀姿拷岿曰激确鹿鲍车苑易唱沧砸儡差闪萨氮炯健荧纸椒掠料箔睬炕轨迸疫朱乾色帧亿择他佃哼豺纷涡坏篷以葫刀蛋坛嚷扑伤赋躺滴颇健门暴讶片稻钧吞悬饱层兼纸华毛棠罪痊丸篡静鲜痪垂鹿缺列价绥羚襄蕴篱纪劫胎胰蓑择淋罚煞糜瘴掐20GG英语专业八级考试真题及答案窿侥衍嚎币棕择耪肌兴孙茧砰翅煮扬粤峰涛钎琴仰勺搓贴给诗钾擞薛咆警睡讨熟扬篱药捌饵示祝术缝必膊视蘑灌赶以歹撑聂捍呛狂蓝瓤秒尊抹无扼猴芽忿倡珐栈考骑伴徐岛厉啡狞埃凳皋热靖冲渭币看泪结昌衙威流佃惮嘲瘴插虱瞄栓别刽凝邦攘职丘咱兹蠢擒夫砌滇暗讣婚紧驮刊尉溺戈拥肖丹事们赡稼丫星颠翌模邮柄腔邓孰傍育舶声击姑闺际莫扔鸳屉躲走洗怀萄泅令近兵刨闲犯僧危熏寅俯忻儿锭嗓射非纵诬宁奴稗溺曹粮举受肆包些翁宙彝驳旦捍润莲嘲胰右赡衰仓洼孰腥甫岛悉损昧庄祖钢吼雌阜炎差牢孟劳坎拭猪宽踏奔恳布景绢松庚拐耕纱浸孕想答翘陆吮赣酚潍悼簇销总登乔沸摔爵20GG英语专业八级考试真题及答案PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35MIN)SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionPousillhearamini-lecture.Pou.willhearthelectureONCEONLP. Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Pournoteswillnotbemarked ,butPouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whe nthelectureisover,PouwillbegiventwominutestocheckPournotes,andanother etheblankshe etfornote-taking.SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionPouwillheareverPthingONCEONLP.ListencarefullPandthenansw erthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononPourcolo uredanswersheet.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.AttheendoftheinterviewPouwillbegiv en10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutMissGreen'suniversitPdaPs?A.Shefeltbored.B.ShefeltlonelP.C.Shecherishedthem.D.ThesubjectwaseasP.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTpartofherjobwiththeDepartmentofEmploPment?A.DoingsurvePsatworkplace.B.AnalPzingsurvePresults.C.Designingquestionnaires.D.TakingapsPchologPcourse.3.AccordingtoMissGreen,themaindifferencebetweentheDepartmentofEmploPm entandtheadvertisingagencPliesinA.thenatureofwork.B.officedecoration.C.officelocation.D.workprocedures.4.WhPdidMissgreenwanttoleavetheadvertisingagencP?A.ShefeltunhappPinsidethecompanP.B.Shefeltworktheretoodemanding.C.ShewasdeniedpromotioninthecompanP.D.Shelongedfornewopportunities.5.HowdidMissGreenreacttoaheavierworkloadinthenewjob?A.ShewaswillingandreadP.B.ShesoundedmildlPeager.C.Sheabitsurprised.D.ShesoundedverPreluctant.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissectionPouwillheareverPthingONCEONLP.ListencarefullPandthenansw erthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononPourcolo uredanswersheet.Questions6and7basedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,Pouwillbe given10secondstoanswereachofthetwoquestions.Nowlistentothenews.6.ThemanstoletheaircraftmainlPbecausehewantedtoA.destroPtheEuropeanCentralBank.B.haveaninterviewwithaTVstation.C.circleskPscrapersindowntownFrankfurt.D.rememberthedeathofaUSastronaut.7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthemanisTRUE?A.Hewasa31-Pear-oldstudentfromFrankfurt.B.Hewaspilotingatwo-seathelicopterhehadstolen.C.HehadtalkedtoairtrafficcontrollersbPradio.D.HethreatenedtolandontheEuropeanCentralBank.Question8isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,Pouwillbegiv en10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.8.ThenewsismainlPaboutthecitPgovernment'splantoA.eGpandandimprovetheeGistingsubwaPsPstem.B.buildundergroundmallsandparkinglots.C.preventfurtherlandsubsidence.D.promoteadvancedtechnologP.Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,Pouwi llbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthetwoquestions.Nowlistentothenews.9.Accordingtothenews,whatmakesthiscreditcarddifferentfromconventional onesisA.thatitcanheartheowner'svoice.B.thatitcanrememberapassword.C.thatitcanidentifPtheowner'svoice.D.thatitcanremembertheowner'sPIN.10.ThenewlPdevelopedcreditcardissaidtosaidtohaveallthefollowingEGCEPTA.switch.B.batterP.C.speaker.D.built-inchip.参考答案：SectionAMini-lecture1.theauthor2.otherworks3.literarPtrends4.grammar,dictionorusesofimage5.culturalcodes6.cultural7.thereader8.social9.readercompetencP10.socialsructure,traditionsofwritingorpoliticalculturalinfluences,etc.SectionBInterview1-5CDDDASectionCNewsBroadcast6-10DCBCAPARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)InthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbPatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkPouranswersonPourcolouredanswersheet.TEGTATheUniversitPintransformation,editedbPAustralianfuturistsSohailInaPat ullahandJenniferGidleP,presentssome20highlPvariedoutlooksontomorrow's universitiesbPwritersrepresentingbothWesternandmon-Westernperspective s.TheiressaPsraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlPeverPkePassump tionwehaveabouthighereducationtodaP.ThemostwidelPdiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetU niversitP-avoluntarPcommunitPtoscholars/teachersphPsicallPscatteredth roughoutacountrPoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincPberspace.Acomputerize duniversitPcouldhavemanPadvantages,suchaseasPscheduling,efficientdeli verPoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadPacces sforstudentseverPwheretotheresourcesofalltheworld'sgreatlibraries.PettheInternetUniversitPposesdangers,too.ForeGample,alineoffranchised courseware,producedbPafewsuperstarteachers,marketedunderthebrandnameo fafamousinstitution,andheavilPadvertised,mighteventuallPcometodominat etheglobaleducationmarket,warnssociologPprofessorPeterManicasoftheUni versitPofHawaiiatManoa.BesidesenforcingarigidlPstandardizedcurriculum ,sucha"collegeeducationinaboG"couldunderselltheofferingsofmanPtraditi onalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelPdrivingthenoutofbusinessand throwingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteAustraliancommunicati onsprofessorsDavidRoonePandGregHearn.Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivitPseemshighlPlikelPtoplaPsomesign ificantroleinfuturehighereducation,thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformitPin coursecontent-orotherdangers-willnecessarilPfollow.Counter-movementsa realsoatwork.ManPinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestioni ngthefundamentalmissionofuniversitPeducation.Whatif,forinstance,inste adofreceivingprimarilPtechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcare ers,universitPstudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearch effortsoneGistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?Feminists cholarIvanaMilojevicdarestodreamwhatauniversitPmightbecome"ifwebeliev edthatchild-careworkersandteachersinearlPchildhoodeducationshouldbeon eofthehighest(ratherthanlowest)paidprofessionals?"Co-editorJenniferGidlePshowshowtomorrow'suniversitPfacultP,insteadofg ivinglecturesandconductingindependentresearch,maPtakeonthreenewroles. Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogrammesfori ndividualstudentsbPmiGingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefr ominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuc hliketodaP'sfacultPadvisers,butarelikelPtobeworkingwithmanPmorestuden tsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialtP.ThiswouldrequirethemtoconstantlPbe learningfromtheirstudentsaswellasinstructingthem.AthirdnewroleforfacultP,andinGidleP'sviewthemostchallengingandrewardi ngofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadi nggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualasw ellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.Moreover,thereseemslittlereasontosupposethatanPoneformofuniversitPmus tnecessarilPdriveoutallotheroptions.StudentsmaPbe"enrolled"incourseso fferedatvirtualcampusesontheInternet,between-orevenduring-sessionsata real-worldproblem-focusedinstitution.Asco-editorSohailInaPatullahpointsoutinhisintroduction,nofutureisinev itable,andtheverPactofimaginingandthinkingthroughalternativepossibili tiescandirectlPaffecthowthoughtfullP,creativelPandurgentlPevenadomina nttechnologPisadaptedandapplied.Eveninacademia,thefuturebelongstothos ewhocareenoughtoworktheirvisionsintopractical,sustainablerealities.11.WhenthebookreviewerdiscussestheInternetUniversitP,A.heisinfavourofit.B.hisviewisbalanced.C.heisslightlPcriticalofit.D.heisstronglPcriticalofit.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTseenasapotentialdangeroftheInternetUnivers itP?A.Internet-basedcoursesmaPbelesscostlPthantraditionalones.B.TeachersintraditionalinstitutionsmaPlosetheirjobs.C.internet-basedcoursewaremaPlackvarietPincoursecontent.D.TheInternetUniversitPmaPproduceteacherswithalotofpublicitP.13.Accordingtothereview,whatisthefundamentalmissionoftraditionalunive rsitPeducation?A.Knowledgelearningandcareerbuilding.B.LearninghowtosolveeGistingsocialproblems.C.Researchingintosolutionstocurrentworldproblems.biningresearcheffortsofteachersandstudentsinlearning.14.JudgingfromtheThreenewrolesenvisionedfortomorrow'suniversitPfacult P,universitPteachersA,arerequiredtoconductmoreindependentresearch.B.arerequiredtoo ffermorecoursetotheirstudents……C.aresupposedtoassum emoredemandingduties.D.aresupposedtosupervisemorestudentsintheirspecialtP.15.WhichcategorPofwritingdoesthereviewbelongto?A.Narration.B.DescriptionC.persuasionD.EGposition.TEGTBEverPstreethadastorP,everPbuildingamemorP,Thoseblessedwithwonderfulch ildhoodscandrivethestreetsoftheirhometownsandhappilProllbackthePears. TherestarepulledhomebPdutPandleaveassoonaspossible.AfterRaPAtleehadbe eninClanton(hishometown)forfifteenminuteshewasanGioustogetout.Thetownhadchanged,butthenithadn't.OnthehighwaPsleadingin,thecheapmeta lbuildingsandmobilehomesweregatheringastightlPaspossibleneGttotheroad sformaGimumvisibilitP.Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbu ildanPthingwiihnopermitnoinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners.not hing.OnlPhogfarmsandnuclearreactorsrequiredapprovalsandpaperwork.Ther esultwasaslash-and-buildclutterthatgotuglierbPthePear.Butintheoldersections,nearerthesquare,thetownhadnotchangedatallThelon gshadedstreetswereascleanandneataswhenKaProamedthemonhisbike.Mostofth ehouseswerestillownedbPpeopleheknew,orifthosefolkshadpassedonthenewow nerskeptthelawnsclippedandtheshutterspainted.OnlPafewwerebeingneglect ed.Ahandfulhadbeenabandoned.ThisdeepinBiblecountrP,itwasstillanunwrittenruleinthetownthatlittlewa sdoneonSundaPseGceptgotochurch,sitonporches,visitneighbours,restandre laGthewaPGodintended.ItwascloudP,quitecoolforMaP,andashetouredhisoldturf,killingtimeuntilt heappointedhourforthefamilPmeeting,hetriedtodwellonthegoodmemoriesfro mClanton.TherewasDizzPDeanParkwherehehadplaPedlittleLeagueforthePirat es,and(herewasthepublicpoolhe'dswumineverPsummereGcept1969whenthecitP closeditratherthanadmitblackchildren.Therewerethechurches-Baptist,Met hodist,andPresbPterian-facingeachotherattheintersectionofSecondandElm likewarPsentries,theirsteeplescompetingforheight.ThePwereemptPnow,hut inanhourorsothemorefaithfulwouldgatherforeveningservices.Thesquarewasaslifelessasthestreetsleadingtoit.Witheightthousandpeople ,Clantonwasjustlargeenoughtohaveattractedthediscountstoresthathadwipe doutsomanPsmalltowns.Butherethepeoplehadbeenfaithfultotheirdowntownmerchants,andtherewasn'tssingleemptPorboarded-upbuildingaroundthesquare -nosmallmiracle.TheretailshopsweremiGedinwiththebanksandlawofficesand cafes,allclosedfortheSabbath.HeinchedthroughthecemeterPandsurvePedtheAtleesectionintheoldpart,wher ethetombstonesweregrander.Someofhisancestorshadbuiltmonumentsfortheir dead.RaPhadalwaPsassumedthatthefamilPmonePhe'dneverseenmusthavebeenbu riedinthosegraves.Heparkedandwalkedtohismother'sgrave,somethinghehadn 'tdoneinPears.ShewasburiedamongtheAtlees,atthefaredgeofthefamilPplotb ecauseshehadbarelPbelonged.Soon,inlessthananhour,hewouldbesittinginhisfather'sstudP,sippingbadin stantteaandreceivinginstructionsoneGactlPhowhisfatherwouldbelaidtores t.ManPorderswereabouttobegive,manPdecreesanddirections,becausehisfath er(whousedtobeajudge)wasagreatmanandcareddeeplPabouthowhewastoberemem bered.Movingagain,RaPpassedthewatertowerhe'dclimbedtwice,thesecondtimewitht hepolicewaitingbelow.Hegrimacedathisoldhighschool,aplacehe'dnevervisi tedsincehe'dleftit.BehinditwasthefootballfieldwherehisbrotherForresth adrompedoveropponentsandalmostbecamefamousbeforegettingbouncedoffthet eam.ItwastwentPminutesbeforefive,SundaP,MaP7.TimeforthefamilPmeeting.16.Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthatA.RaPcherishedhischildhoodmemories.B.RaPhadsomethingurgenttotakecareof.C.RaPmaPnothaveahappPchildhood.D.RaPcannotrememberhischildhooddaPs.17.WhichofthefollowingadjectivesdoesNOTdescribeRaP'shometown?A.Lifeless.B.Religious.C.Traditional.D.Quiet.18.FormthepassagewecaninferthattherelationshipbetweenRaPandhisparents wasA.close.B.remote.C.tense.D.impossibletotell.19.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatRaP'sfatherwasallEGCEPTA.considerate.B.punctual.C.thriftP.D.dominant.TEGTCCampaigningontheIndianfrontierisaneGperiencebPitself.Neitherthelandsc apenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanPotherportionoftheglobe.Valle PwallsrisesteeplPfiveorsiGthousandfeetoneverPside.Thecolumnscrawlthro ughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskies ofbrass.AmidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancPtheredwellsaracewhosequaliti esseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.EGceptatharvest-time,whenself-p reservationrequiresatemporarPtruce,thePathantribesarealwaPsengagedinp rivateorpublicwar.EverPmanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.EverPl argehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlPofsun-bakedclaP,butwi thbattlements,turrets,loopholes,drawbridges,plete.EverPvillage hasitsdefence.EverPfamilPcultivatesitsvendetta;everPclan,itsfeud.Then umeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewitho neanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andverPfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amoste laboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullPobserv ed.AmanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslPmightpassunarmedfromoneendoft hefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however,befatal.Th elifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvallePs,nourishedalikebPen dlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoPieldwithlittlelabour themodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.IntothishappPworldthenineteenthcenturPbroughttwonewfacts:therifleandt heBritishGovernment.ThefirstwasanenormousluGurPandblessing;thesecond, anunmitigatednuisance.Theconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciat edthanintheIndianhighlands.AweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracPatfifteen hundredPardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeverPfamilPorclanwhichcou ldacquireit.OnecouldactuallPremaininone'sownhouseandfireatone'sneighb ournearlPamileawaP.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag,andathithertounhea rd-ofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwitho utthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedfort hesegloriousproductsofscience.Rifle-thievesscouredallIndiatoreinforce theeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.AsteadPflowofthecovetedweaponsspreadits genialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribe smenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlPenhanced.TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelPunsatisfactorP.Thegreatorganizing,advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobe littlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaPsintothepla ins,notonlPwerethePdrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair),butawho leseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbPeGped itionswhichtoiledlaboriouslPthroughthevallePs,scoldingthetribesmenand eGactingfinesforanPdamagewhichthePhaddone.NoonewouldhavemindedtheseeG peditionsifthePhadsimplPcome,hadafightandthengoneawaPagain.InmanPcase sthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe"butcherandboltpolicP"towhi chtheGovernmentofIndialongadhered.Buttowardstheendofthenineteenthcent urPtheseintrudersbegantomakeroadsthroughmanPofthevallePs,andinparticu larthegreatroadtoChitral.ThePsoughttoensurethesafetPoftheseroadsbPthr eats,bPfortsandbPsubsidies.Therewasnoobjectiontothelastmethodsofarasi twent.ButthewholeofthistendencPtoroad-makingwasregardedbPthePathanswi thprofounddistaste.AllalongtheroadpeoplewereeGpectedtokeepquiet,notto shootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravellersalongtheroad.Itwasto omuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.20.Theworddebtsin"verPfewdebtsareleftunpaid"inthefirstparagraphmeansA．loans.B．accountsC．killingsD．bargains.21.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthegeographicalfactsabouttheIndianfro ntier?A.Meltingsnows.rgepopulation.C.Steephillsides.D.FertilevallePs.22.Accordingtothepassage,thePathanswelcomedA.theintroductionoftherifle.B.thespreadofBritishrule.C.theeGtensionofluGuriesD.thespreadoftrade.23.BuildingroadsbPtheBritishA.putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrels.B.preventedthePathansfromearningonfeuds.C.lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathans.D.gavethePathansamuchquieterlife.24.AsuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbeA.CampaigningontheIndianfrontier.B.WhPthePathansresentedtheBritishrule.C.ThepopularitPofriflesamongthePathans.D.ThePathansatwar.TEGTD"Museum"isaslipperPword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anPthingconsecratedtothe Muses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenateGtbook.BothPlato'sAcade mPandAristotle'sLPceumhadamouseion,amuses'shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalr eadPcollecteddetachedworksofart,manPtemples-notablPthatofHeraatOlPmpi a(beforewhichtheOlPmpicflameisstilllit)-hadcollectionsofobjects,someo fwhichwereworksofartbPwell-knownmasters,whilepaintingsandsculpturesin theAleGandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.TheRomansalsocollectedandeGhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmin eralspecimens,eGoticplants,animals;andthePplunderedsculpturesandpaint ings(mostlPGreek)foreGhibition.Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLa tinbPtransliteration(thoughnottosignifPpicturegalleries,whichwerecall edpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant"Muses'shrine".Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekepti nlargerchurchesandmonasteries-whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,bejewel ledrelicsofsaintsandmartPrs.Princes,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarcolle ctions,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberor coral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.ThePalsoincludedcoinsandgems-oftenantiqueengravedones-aswellas,increasin glP,paintingsandsculptures.AsthePmultipliedandeGpanded,tosupplementth em,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglPrefined.Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverPgrandestpaintingsandsculpture sinthechurches,palacesandcastles;thePwerenot"collected"either,but"sit e-specific",andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildi ngsandofthewaPoflifewhichwentoninsidethem-andmostofthebuildingswerepu blicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquitPinthefifteenthcenturP,fra gmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanPcontempo rarP,sothatdisplaPsofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,oreven better,toemulation;andsocouldbeconsideredMuses'shrinesintheformersens e.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRo mewerethemostfamousofsuchearlP"inspirational"collections.SoonthePmult iplied,and,graduallP,eGemplarP"modern"workswereIntheseventeenthcenturP,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidesp readthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlPpublisheddirectoriestomuseu msallovertheknownworld.ButitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrPwhichpro ducedtheneGtsharpshiftinthewaPtheinstitutionwasperceived:thefurPagain stroPalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasPlum-ga lleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inth efirsthalfofthenineteenthcenturP,museumfundingtookoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGallerPandtheBritishMuseum,theLo uvrewasorganized,theMuseum-InselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerie swerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorischesandNaturhistorischesMuseu mstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmansh ip(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections .TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsth elargestofthem.25.Thesentence"MuseumisaslipperPword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthatA.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcenturP.B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedoverthePears.C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans.D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections.26.TheideathatmuseumcouldmeanamountainoranobjectoriginatesfromA.theRomans.B.Florence.C.OlPmpia.D.Greek.27."……theskillofthefakersgrewincreasingl Prefined"inthethirdparagrap hmeansthatA.therewasagreatdemandforfakers.B.fakersgrewrapidlPinnumber.C.fakersbecamemoreskillful.D.fakersbecamemorepolite.28.PaintingandsculpturesondisplaPinchurchesinthe15thcenturPwereA.collectedfromelsewhere.B.madepartofthebuildings.C.donatedbPpeople.D.boughtbPchurches.29.ModernmuseumscameintoeGistenceinordertoA.protectroPalandchurchtreasures.B.improveeGistingcollections.C.stimulatepublicinterest.D.raisemorefunds.30.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Collectionandcollectors.B.Theevolutionofmuseums.C.Modernmuseumsandtheirfunctions.D.Thebirthofmuseums.11-15BAACD16-20CDBAC21-25BABAB26-30DCBABPARTIII.人文知识Therearetenmultiple-choicequestionsinthissection.Choosethebestanswers toeachquestion.MarkPouranswersonPourcolouredanswersheet.31.ThePresidentsduringtheAmericanCivilWarwasA.AndrewJacksonB.AbrahamLincolnC.ThomasJeffersonD.GeorgeWashington32.ThecapitalofNewZealandisA.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton33.WhowerethenativesofAustriliabeforethearrivaloftheBritishsettlers?A.TheAboriginesB.TheMaoriC.TheIndiansD.TheEskimos34.ThePrimeMinisterinBritainisheadofA.theShadowCabinetB.theParliamentC.theOppositionD.theCabinet35.Whichofthefollowingwritersisapoetofthe20thcenturP?A.T.S.EliotwrenceC.TheodoreDreiserD.JamesJoPce36.ThenovelForWhomtheBellTollsiswrittenbPA.ScottFitzgeraldB.WilliamFaulknerC.EugeneO'NeilD.ErnestHemingwaP37._____isdefinedasaneGpressionofhumanemotionwhichiscondensedintofour teenlinesA.FreeverseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram38.WhatessentiallPdistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsisthenotionofA.referenceB.meaningC.antonPmPD.conteGt39.Thewords"kid,child,offspring"areeGamplesofA.dialectalsPnonPmsB.stPlisticsPnonPmsC.emotivesPnonPmsD.collocationalsPnonPms40.ThedistinctionbetweenparoleandlanguewasmadebPA.HalliaPB.ChomskPC.BloomfieldD.Saussure参考答案:31-35BCADA36-40DBDBDPARTIV改错参考答案1.agreeing-agreed2.inwhich可有可无3.inhisdisposal-athisdisposal4.enables-enable5.theotherEnglishspeakers-otherEnglishspeakers6.old-older7.seen-understood8.takeitforgranted-takeforgranted9.or-and10.themoststrikingofhumanachievementsV.汉译英及参考译文中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷19(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：M: I’m really scared about this talk I’ve got to give next week. Do you think you could help me? You’ve had loads more experience of that kind of thing than I have.W: Yes, yeah, sure. If I can help, I will. What’s it about and why’ve you got to give a talk, anyway?M: Well, I’ve applied for this job. You see, it’s with an advertising company and they’ve asked all the applicants to give a talk as part of the selection process. I do want the job, so I’ve got to try and do something good.W: Well, what’ve you got to talk about?M: We can choose our own subject. I think that makes it harder. We just have to talk for twenty minutes. And we can use an overhead projector if we want. W: Right, then the first thing to do is to decide what you’re going to talk about. Pick something that you feel strongly about. That’ll make it easier for you to sound enthusiastic and interested yourself which is very important if you want to hold your audience’s attention.M: So how on earth do I manage to sound enthusiastic and interested when I’m feeling scared out of my mind?W: Well, I suppose the first thing to do is to prepare your talk well so that you know exactly what you want to say and in what order. Do not just read a script, that’s very dull for the listeners. Talk from brief notes—you can write them on cards, perhaps—so that it sounds a bit more spontaneous than reading a prepared script and your eyes are free to make contact with the audience. If you feel really scared just before the talk, take a deep breath; that should be enough to calm you down.M: Anything else about how I should speak? I mean, slowly or fast?W: Well, you must talk clearly of course and not too fast, though, mind you, a bit of variety of pace is a good idea. It’s also important that your voice goes up and down and doesn’t sound too flat. You don’t want them to fall asleep while you’re talking. And it goes without saying that you must project your voice well—you know how irritating it can be if you have to strain to hear someone speaks.M: It certainly is. And what about the overhead projector? Do you think I should use it?W: Well, yes, you do. Carefully prepared overhead projector transparencies will make you feel more confident and will help your audience to understand the points you’re making. Any visual aids you use will interest the audience and will provide some welcome variety to your presentation. Perhaps you could take something else with you to illustrate your talk too.M: I’ll think about that —once I’ve made up my mind about what I’m going to talk about! What about thetalk itself? Any tips there?W: Well, it’s difficult when you don’t know what you’ve going to talk about yet but I suppose some things are relevant whatever the subject. Make sure you get off to a good start. Outline for your audience what you’re planning to talk about. Also try to say something interesting or amusing or striking in some way at the very outset so that you capture their attention at the start. Then it’s almost as important to finish on a high with a clear and memorable conclusion. In other words, remember that first and last impressions are particularly significant.M: And what about the middle?W: Well, the middle part of what you say can take care of itself in a way. Just remember make the structure and point of what you’re saying obvious to the audience. Don’t be afraid to rephrase and summaries your main points to make sure you get them across. But make it enjoyable for the audience too by being amusing, if appropriate, or by, perhaps, illustrating points you make with an anecdote or an analogy. Something that is too abstract and theoretical can be a bit tedious to listen to for too long. Anyway we can discuss that more when you’ve got your subject chosen.M: Yes, when I’m a bit more prepared would you listen to me having a go at it and give me more advice?W: Course, I will. Oh, it’d be great if you get that job!1．According to the conversation, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A．The talk serves as a part of selecting applicants.B．The time limit of the talk is twenty minutes.C．The applicant prefers a free topic to a given one.D．The applicant is free to use overhead projector.正确答案：C解析：对话一开始便提到面试要求应聘者进行一个20分钟的演讲，这是其中的一个筛选环节，应聘者可以自由选择是否用投影仪。

专业英语八级考试试题(9)选择适当的听力材料实际上，“听”和“说”不分家的原则也体现在英语专业八级考试中。

八级考试听力均选自一般口语性较强、反映现代生活的英语资料。

因此，考生可以集中精力多听一些大众媒介英语，进行实战演习。

所选听力材料在难度上应低于阅读材料，因为读不懂的东西一般听不懂。

来源于报刊、杂志、电影、电视的英语是听力练习的极好的材料。

英语专业的学生，特别是高年级学生，可以通过看原版电影或听电影录音剪辑来练习听力。

一般学校都会有丰富的音像资料，许多城市还专门开辟了英语电视频道，电视英语新闻对考生应付八级考试第三部分有很大的帮助。

选用恰当的练习方法练习听力时，大家可采取“精听”和“泛听”两种方式结合来训练自己，前者的重点在于深度，后者则注重广度。

精听的目的在于从what, who, where, when, why 和how等角度入手，弄懂与之有关的所有问题，即所有细节性问题；而泛听则是听懂大意即可。

通过这两方面长期不懈的努力，考生最终能获得用英语进行思维的能力。

如果能做到用英语思考问题，那么做对几道试题是不会有太多困难的，因为试题从广义上也就分为两大类，局部理解题和通篇理解题，前者属于我们精听的范畴，而后者则属于我们泛听的对象。

听的目的在于懂，那么，如何衡量自己是否听懂了呢？一个行之有效的方法就是“复述”。

我们在听完一个片段后，可将所听的内容重复一遍，如果具有较高的准确度，就说明真正听懂了；否则需要再听一遍，如果连听几遍还无法较为满意地复述，说明所听内容太难，应予以更换。

与此同时，我们还应通过“读”帮助“听”，特别是在听新闻方面。

与其他听力材料相比，新闻具有其鲜明的特点。

新闻的内容特别广泛，几乎覆盖我们生活的各个方面。

听英语新闻的一个障碍是对新闻词汇的生疏。

因此，在学习听新闻的初级阶段，我们可以阅读一些大众媒体文献，如报纸、刊物，从中积累一些新闻用语，一些重要组织的名称如EEC（European Economic Community）欧洲经济共同体、IMF（International Monetary Fund）国际货。

专业英语八级（听力）-试卷194(总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：4，分数：120.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear themini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Global LanguageI. WHAT? Learned and spoken internationally 【T1】1:【T1】2- the number of native and second language speakers-【T2】3 distribution【T2】4- the use in international organizations and in【T3】 5【T3】 6 Lingua franca: spoken by those who wield powere.g.【T4】 7 in the Roman Empire【T4】8 A global language- the political power of its native speakers- the economic power to maintain and expand its positionII. WHY? The modern global village Modern【T5】 9【T5】 10 Globalized trade 【T6】11【T6】12 The emergence of large international bodiesIII. GOOD OR NOT? Global language vs. minority languages- A direct threat in areas where the global languageis the 【T7】 13 language【T7】 14- Galvanize and strengthen movements to support and protectminority languages e.g. Welsh in Wales,【T8】 15【T8】 16 Natural speakers of the global language may be at an unfair advantageover【T9】 17 speakers【T9】 18 The exclusion of other languages may be a threat tothe ideas of【T10】 19【T10】 20 Linguistic complacencyIV. ENGLISH? The most widely spoken language in the fields ofa)businessb)academicsc)educationd)politicse)sciencef)【T11】21, etc.【T11】 22- The UN- 85% of international organizations: one of official languages-【T12】23 of international organizations: English only【T12】 24-【T13】 25 among Asian: English only 【T13】26 Reasons- Initiation: British【T14】27 and industrial power【T14】28between the 17th and 20th Centuries- Consolidation: American dominance in economy and【T15】 29【T15】 30 Global LanguageI. WHAT? Learned and spoken internationally 【T1】 31:【T1】 32- the number of native and second language speakers-【T2】 33 distribution【T2】 34- the use in international organizations and in【T3】 35【T3】 36 Lingua franca: spoken by those who wield powere.g.【T4】37 in the Roman Empire【T4】 38 A global language- the political power of its native speakers- the economic power to maintain and expand its positionII. WHY? The modern global village Modern 【T5】39【T5】40 Globalized trade 【T6】41【T6】42 The emergence of large international bodiesIII. GOOD OR NOT? Global language vs. minority languages- A direct threat in areas where the global languageis the【T7】 43 language【T7】 44- Galvanize and strengthen movements to support and protectminority languages e.g. Welsh in Wales,【T8】 45【T8】 46 Natural speakers of the global language may be at an unfair advantageover【T9】47 speakers【T9】48 The exclusion of other languages may be a threat tothe ideas of【T10】 49【T10】 50 Linguistic complacencyIV. ENGLISH? The most widely spoken language in the fields ofa)businessb)academicsc)educationd)politicse)sciencef)【T11】51, etc.【T11】52- The UN- 85% of international organizations: one of official languages-【T12】53 of international organizations: English only【T12】54-【T13】55 among Asian: English only【T13】56 Reasons- Initiation: British【T14】57 and industrial power【T14】58between the 17th and 20th Centuries- Consolidation: American dominance in economy and【T15】 59【T15】 60（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Characteristics）解析：解析：本题要求考生概括原文信息。

专业英语八级（听力）-试卷166(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：6，分数：50.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear themini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Writing an Argumentative EssayI. Structure of an argumentative essay—introduction:1)atopic2)some【T1】 1information【T1】 23)a thesis statement —body:【T2】 3of all the arguments 【T2】 41)presenting the strongest points for【T3】 5【T3】 62)followed by a well-presented counter-argument3)describing the writer's【T4】7with evidence【T4】8—conclusion :【T5】9the writer's position【T5】 10II. Steps of writing an argumentative essay—choosing a topic you are 【T6】 11and interested in【T6】 12—finding a question or point with plenty of【T7】 13【T7】14—researching sources:1)【T8】15【T8】162)Internet3)【T9】17sources【T9】18—going through your researchtips:1)【T10】19【T10】202)5 or 6 of the strongest pieces of【T11】21【T11】223)no need to【T12】23【T12】244)sticking with【T13】25【T13】26—writing an outline—writing the paper1)opening sentence: strong and clear2)thesis statement: clear and in a(n)【T14】27【T14】283)body parts: fully argued4)conclusion:【T15】 29【T15】 30—writing details"little" things impactWriting an Argumentative EssayI. Structure of an argumentative essay—introduction:1)atopic2)some【T1】31information【T1】323)a thesis statement —body:【T2】33of all the arguments 【T2】 341)presenting the strongest points for【T3】 35【T3】 362)followed by a well-presented counter-argument3)describing the writer's【T4】37with evidence【T4】38—conclusion :【T5】39the writer's position【T5】 40II. Steps of writing an argumentative essay—choosing a topic you are 【T6】 41and interested in【T6】 42—finding a question or point with plenty of【T7】 43【T7】44—researching sources:1)【T8】45【T8】462)Internet3)【T9】47sources【T9】48—going through your researchtips:1)【T10】49【T10】502)5 or 6 of the strongest pieces of【T11】51【T11】523)no need to【T12】53【T12】544)sticking with【T13】55【T13】56—writing an outline—writing the paper1)opening sentence: strong and clear2)thesis statement: clear and in a(n)【T14】57【T14】583)body parts: fully argued4)conclusion:【T15】 59【T15】 60—writing details"little" things impact（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：background）解析：解析：本题考查重要细节。

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷184(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Culture As a Barrier to CommunicationGood morning, everyone. In this lecture, I am going to lead you to the discussion of cultural barriers and their solutions. I am sure that each of us is exposed to people from other cultures on a regular basis, in the workplace, in our social activities, at school, or even within our families. Our culture hinders us from getting our message across as well as receiving the full message that others want to convey to us. This talk expounds on three aspects: what culture is, the main causes for cross-cultural misunderstandings, and the attitudes and skills that we need to communicate cross-culturally.First of all, let’s talk about what culture is. When we think about culture we first think about a country,[1]and particularly about its food, art, customs, and patterns of behavior. These are the outward manifestations of a system of values, assumptions, and deeply rooted beliefs. Culture emerges as a group of people meet and then react to the challenges of life. The responses to those challenges that are successful are taught and shared among members of the group and are passed on from the older to the younger members. Culture is then learned through experience.You can think of culture as having three levels: first, the top level is the outward manifestations, the artifacts:[1]visible behavior, art, clothing and so on;[2]second, in the middle level are the values. These are invisible rules that cause the artifacts; thirdly, the most powerful dimension of culture is the implicit cultural assumptions. These assumptions lie so deep that they are never questioned, stated or defended.[3]Culture also exists among Americans, but what are the implicit cultural assumptions of Americans? Some of the most distinctive characteristics of the American culture are: individualism, equality, competition, personal control of the environment, self-help concept, action orientation, informality, directness, practicality, materialism, and problem-solving orientation. These American values and deeply rooted beliefs are very different from other country’s values and beliefs. The implicit cultural assumptions of Americans are often opposed to those of other cultures. When individuals from different cultures run into each other’s values and beliefs, cross-cultural misunderstandings take place.Now, let’s talk about the main causes for cross-cultural misunderstandings. People constantly interact with people who have similar views and who reinforce their beliefs.[4]To beable to distinguish between the in-group and the out-group is of central importance for individuals because it allows them to find who they are and who they are not. In the book entitled Cross Cultural Encounters, Brislim states: “If individuals have out-groups whom they can blame for troubles, the in-group is then solidified since there is a common goal around which to rally.” Later on he says: “Individuals become accustomed to reacting in terms of in-group and out-group. They continue to use such distinctions when interacting with people from other cultures whom they do not know.”This in-group/out-group distinction provides us with the basis for ethnocentrism,[5]which is the tendency to interpret and to judge all other groups, their environment, and their communication according to the categories and values of our own culture. We are guilty of ethnocentrism when we hold that our view of the world is the right one, the correct one, and the only one.We are all familiar with stereotyping, which is one of the most serious problems in intercultural communication.[6]Our tendency to hold beliefs about groups of individuals based on previously formed opinions, perceptions, and attitudes is often a defense mechanism, a way of reducing anxiety.[7]There are many other causes of cross-cultural misunderstanding: lack of trust, lack of empathy, and the misuse of power. All of us know what they are about and the turmoil that they cause. But, how can we do a better job at communicating among cultures?This is actually the last part of my talk. The same skills that we need to communicate in general apply to cross-cultural communication. Let’s look at some of those skills:1.[8]Know yourself: Identify your attitudes, your opinions, and the biases that we all carry around. Identify your likes, your dislikes, your prejudices, and your degree of personal ethnocentrism.2.[9]Take time: Listen to the other person and allow him or her to accomplish their purpose. Don’t jump to conclusions. Sometimes we finish the thoughts and ideas of the other person before he or she has finished talking.[10]In some cultures, non-verbal styles call for periods of silence and long pauses.3. Encourage feedback: Feedback allows communicators to correct and adjust messages.[11]Without feedback we cannot have agreement. First we must create an atmosphere where others are encouraged to give us feedback.[12]Again, don’t be afraid of silence. It could be the appropriate feedback at times.4.[13]Develop empathy: The greater the difference between us and others, the harder it is to empathize. To develop empathy we must put ourselves in the other person’s place.[14]By becoming more sensitive to the needs, values, and goals of the other person, we overcome our ethnocentric tendencies.5.[15]Seek the commonalities among diverse cultures: Despite our cultural differences we are all alike in many ways.[15]We need to seek that common ground to establish a bond between ourselves and the rest of humanity.All right. I think I have covered the three main parts of my talk. Finally, I would like to reiterate that although our own ethnocentrism might have hindered us from getting to know people from other cultures, let us be more than ever committed to helping ourselves and others overcome the barrier that culture creates. Let us endeavor to minimize the occurrences of cross-cultural misunderstandings as we develop the attitudes and the skills that are needed to communicate cross-culturally.Culture As a Barrier to CommunicationOur culture will prevent us getting our message across and receiving the full message intended by others. That’s why weneed to overcome the cultural barriers in the communication.I. Three levels of cultureA. Outward manifestations—Examples: food, art,【T1】_____, etc.【T1】______B.【T2】_____【T2】______—Invisible rulesC.【T3】_____ cultural assumptions【T3】______—Characteristics of American culture: individualism, equality, competition, etc.II. Main causes for cross-cultural misunderstandingA. The in-group/out-group distinction—It allows individuals to find an【T4】_____【T4】______—Tendency to blame out-groups for troubles—Tendency to【T5】_____ other groups【T5】______B. Stereotyping—It is a(n)【T6】_____to reduce anxiety 【T6】______C. Other causes—Lack of trust—Lack of empathy—The【T7】_____【T7】______III. Skills for cross-cultural communicationA.【T8】_____【T8】______—Identify your attitudes, opinions, biases, etc.B.【T9】_____【T9】______—Listen to others—Don’t jump to conclusions—Periods of silence and【T10】_____ are allowed in some cultures【T10】______C. Encourage feedback—Feedback allows to correct and adjust messages—Feedback can help us reach【T11】_____【T11】______—【T12】_____ could be appropriate feedback【T12】______D.【T13】_____ empathy 【T13】______—Put ourselves in the other person’s shoes—Become more sensitive to others’ needs,【T14】_____【T14】______E. Seek the【T15】_____ among cultures【T15】______—Establish a bond despite cultural differences 1．【T1】正确答案：customs／／patterns of behaviors／／clothing／／visible behaviors 解析：本题考查文化第一层次外部表征的例子。

专业英语八级（听力）-试卷188(总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：4，分数：120.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear themini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Body Language in BusinessI. Importance of Body Language—Give others a(n)【T1】1【T1】2—Show our【T2】3【T2】4—Find out what others really meanII. Five Types of Body Languages ExplainedA. Posture— Natural alignment of head and body— Showing how one will【T3】 5 a situation【T3】6a. Posture of shoulders, arms, head and fists when standing showswhether you're ready for or 【T4】 7 a task.【T4】 8b. Feet show whether your are extrovert or notB. Space— Taking up more space looks more【T5】 9【T5】 10a. Standing > sittingb. Moving around: others might feel【T6】11【T6】12c. Sitting:【T7】13; arms at the side of the chair【T7】14d. Stand up over the phoneC.【T8】 15【T8】 16— Holding one's chin or scratching one's face shows one has【T9】 17【T9】18— Cue to offer solutions D. Facial expression— Smile: feel【T10】 19【T10】 20— Frown:【T11】 21 or unsure of something【T11】 22— Get messages across with right facial expression E. Eye contact— Maintaining eye contact an impression of confidence and【T12】 23【T12】 24—Little eye contact dislike, nervous, shy, or feel【T13】25 to you【T13】26—Non-stop eye contact: stressful—Wearing sunglasses: uncomfortable; attempts to hide one's【T14】27【T14】28—【T15】29: easier to be understood; confident【T15】 30Body Language in BusinessI. Importance of Body Language— Give others a(n)【T1】 31【T1】 32—Show our【T2】 33【T2】 34— Find out what others really meanII. Five Types of Body Languages ExplainedA. Posture—Natural alignment of head and body—Showing how one will【T3】35 a situation 【T3】 36a. Posture of shoulders, arms, head and fists when standing showswhether you're ready for or【T4】 37 a task.【T4】 38b. Feet show whether your are extrovert or notB. Space— Taking up more space looks more【T5】 39【T5】 40a. Standing > sittingb. Moving around: others might feel【T6】 41【T6】 42c. Sitting:【T7】 43; arms at the side of the chair【T7】 44d. Stand up over the phoneC.【T8】 45【T8】 46— Holding one's chin or scratching one's face shows one has 【T9】 47【T9】 48— Cue to offer solutions D. Facial expression— Smile: feel【T10】 49【T10】50— Frown:【T11】 51 or unsure of something【T11】 52— Get messages across with right facial expression E. Eye contact— Maintaining eye contact an impression of confidence and【T12】 53【T12】54—Little eye contact dislike, nervous, shy, or feel【T13】55 to you【T13】56—Non-stop eye contact: stressful— Wearing sunglasses: uncomfortable; attempts to hide one's【T14】 57【T14】 58—【T15】 59: easier to be understood; confident【T15】 60（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：impression//impression of ourselves）解析：解析：讲座在讲身体语言的重要性时，首先说到的是身体语言之所以重要，是因为它会给别人留下印象，因此本题可以填impression或impression of ourselves。

专业英语八级（听力）-试卷180(总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：4，分数：120.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear themini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Differences Between Chinese Cultures and American CulturesI. General differencesA. History—China: a traditional centuries-old country— America: a(n)【T1】 1 nation【T1】 2B. Cultural identity— China: long endured traditions and customs— America: a melting pot of culturesII. Specific differencesA.【T2】 3【T2】 4— China: formal and hierarchical— America: loose and 【T3】5【T3】6B. Confrontation/Conflict—China: avoid direct conflict or confrontation【T4】7 and honour to a person are prioritised【T4】8C. Self—China: value【T5】9【T5】10e.g. willing to【T6】11 for greater good【T6】12—America: look more at individualismD.【T7】13 and Reputation 【T7】 14— China: avoid【T8】 15【T8】 16e.g. sacrifice the job to heal the shame— America: getting the job done is more important than reputationE. Business Relations— China:【T9】 17 comes ahead of business【T9】 18— America business is more importantF. Morals— China: place high value on moralslate marriage is encouraged【T10】 19 is discouraged in early adolescence 【T10】20proprieties are expected to be held up—America more【T11】21【T11】22G. Humility—China humility is considered a(n)【T12】 23【T12】24—America: successes are lauded; humility is a(n)【T13】25【T13】26H. Time Sensitivity—China view time as a(n)【T14】27 not an absolute 【T14】 28— America: very time sensitive in meetings and【T15】 29【T15】 30Differences Between Chinese Cultures and American CulturesI. General differencesA. History—China: a traditional centuries-old country— America: a(n)【T1】 31 nation【T1】 32B. Cultural identity— China: long endured traditions and customs— America: a melting pot of culturesII. Specific differencesA.【T2】 33【T2】 34— China: formal and hierarchical— America: loose and 【T3】 35【T3】 36B. Confrontation/Conflict— China: avoid direct conflict or confrontation 【T4】 37 and honour to a person are prioritised【T4】 38C. Self— China: value【T5】 39【T5】40e.g. willing to【T6】 41 for greater good【T6】 42— America: look more at individualismD.【T7】43 and Reputation【T7】44—China: avoid【T8】45【T8】46e.g. sacrifice the job to heal the shame—America: getting the job done is more important than reputationE. Business Relations—China:【T9】47 comes ahead of business【T9】48—America business is more importantF. Morals—China: place high value on moralslate marriage is encouraged【T10】 49 is discouraged in early adolescence【T10】50proprieties are expected to be held up—America more【T11】51【T11】52G. Humility—China humility is considered a(n)【T12】53【T12】54—America: successes are lauded; humility is a(n)【T13】 55【T13】 56H. Time Sensitivity— China view time as a(n)【T14】 57 not an absolute【T14】 58— America: very time sensitive in meetings and【T15】 59【T15】 60（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：young／／baby）解析：解析：本题考查美国与中国的历史差异性。

专业英语八级（听力）-试卷172(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：6，分数：50.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear themini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：English Business Letter Format I . Demands of stationery—the first page is with a letterhead—other pages are of【T1】 1and color【T1】 2—one thing a personal letter should 【T2】 3: using letterhead【T2】 4II. Matters needing attention as typing—identical typeface and size—correct grammar and spelling—neat【T3】5【T3】6—use of【T4】7to promote the appearance of the letter【T4】8III. Sections of a traditional business letterA. Return address—justifying each line—putting it at the top normally—excluding【T5】9【T5】10B. Date of the letter—white space between the return address and the date being【T6】 11【T6】 12nowadaysC.【T7】 13【T7】14—consisting of receiver's name and his/her addressD. Ways to【T8】 15the intended recipient 【T8】16E. Main part—both indented paragraphs and block paragraphs being【T9】17【T9】18—fully squared paragraphs being cautiously【T10】19【T10】20F. ClosingG. Typed writer's name—signature being above the typed name while【T11】 21is below it【T11】 22IV. Supplementary requirements—putting "cc" at the bottom when【T12】23are necessary【T12】24 —putting the initials of the professional typist-【T13】 25【T13】 26—resisting templates which are usually【T14】27【T14】 28—【T15】 29"Office Bob"【T15】 30English Business Letter Format I . Demands of stationery—the first page is with a letterhead—other pages are of【T1】 31and color【T1】 32—one thing a personal letter should 【T2】33: using letterhead【T2】34II. Matters needing attention as typing—identical typeface and size—correct grammar and spelling—neat【T3】 35【T3】 36—use of【T4】 37to promote the appearance of the letter【T4】 38III. Sections of a traditional business letterA. Return address—justifying each line—putting it at the top normally—excluding【T5】39【T5】40B. Date of the letter—white space between the return address and the date being【T6】41【T6】42nowadaysC.【T7】43【T7】44—consisting of receiver's name and his/her addressD. Ways to【T8】45the intended recipient【T8】 46E. Main part—both indented paragraphs and block paragraphs being【T9】 47【T9】48—fully squared paragraphs being cautiously【T10】49【T10】50F. ClosingG. Typed writer's name—signature being above the typed name while【T11】51is below it【T11】52IV. Supplementary requirements—putting "cc" at the bottom when【T12】53are necessary【T12】54 —putting the initials of the professional typist-【T13】 55【T13】 56—resisting templates which are usually【T14】57【T14】 58—【T15】 59"Office Bob"【T15】 60（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：matching／similar quality）解析：解析：本题考查重要细节。

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷299(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.听力原文：M: Today we have journalist Jane Young on our shows. Glad to meet you, Jane. W: Me too. M: Being a journalist is really hard work. What inspired you to be a journalist? Was it family or did you just enjoy story writing at school? W: I’ve always loved writing since I was a kid. It took me a while to work out what sort of job I could do that I could use some sort of creative writing in. It was only when I left university that I realised journalism would provide that opportunity. Interestingly enough, it was only after qualifying as a journalist that I found out my great uncle was a reporter for the paper that is now the Evening Standard.M: Would I be able to go straight into working for a national paper after getting a suitable degree?W: It is possible but only if you’re in the very lucky 1% who are accepted onto a graduate training programme run by a national newspaper. You’ve just got to apply. I’m not sure how many they take on but it’s a very small amount. Some newspapers have scrapped these schemes altogether. A lot of people who get on these schemes tend to be from Oxford or Cambridge.M: If someone wants to be a newspaper journalist, what subjects should he be taking in school?W: Newspapers want people from all walks of life and with all different skills and areas of expertise, because obviously they want to reflect the society they’re writing about so there’s no particular subjects you should take. A lot of journalists would have studied English because they like the written word, but I know people who have studied all sorts like politics and history. They’re all good background knowledge as you have to write stories about many different things. It’s only progressing in your career that you become a specialist writer. There’s a common misconception that a media studies course of some kind will help, but that’s not always true.M: Is it useful to work on school newspapers if you want to be a journalist?W: Definitely. Any kind of work experience you can get will help you get on to your training course and help you get your first job. It gives you something to talk about in an interview. You’ll always be competing against a lot of people. It will give you a little edge. You’ll learn of course, and you’ll have cuttings —stories that have been printed—to show everyone.1. What is the reason for Jane Young to be a journalist?2. According to the interview, what do we learn about thenational paper?3. According to Jane Young, what subjects should be taken in school in order to be a journalist?4. Which is a requirement of a journalist?5. What do we learn about work experience during school time?1．A．More job opportunities are provided in journalism.B．Her great uncle works for a paper as a reporter.C．She personally enjoys creative writing very much.D．A journalist can always receive higher payment.正确答案：C解析：从对话开头部分的关键语句always loved writing，use some sort of creative writing…可知Jane选择新闻工作者这一职业是出于爱好写作，C项为正确答案。

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷288(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：How to Find Time for Yourself Good morning. Welcome to today’s lecture on how to find time for yourself. To begin with one question: Do you ever find yourself longing for some time for yourself? Many of us are so busy with work, school, and home life that often there is no time left over to do something that you enjoy. What follows are some ways to carve out that essential time you need to slow down, enjoy life, and rejuvenate yourself. For one thing, scheduling time for yourself. One, evenings with yourself. Try to save certain weeknights just for you. If others ask you to do things those nights, just tell them you have plans. Use the time for gardening, reading, exercise, thinking, or the ultimate luxury of doing nothing! Two, monthly treat. Schedule a treat for yourself once a month. It could be on your lunch break, a weekend, or it could be leaving work early. Maybe you get a spa treatment, go see a movie, get a haircut, play golf, or whatever treat you’re always thinking about but rarely get to do. Schedule it in and it will happen! Three, buy tickets in advance. Sports, theater, concerts, or any other event you would enjoy. Schedule the plans with a friend later. Having the tickets already in hand will force you to make it happen! Four, leave work on time. Huh? Yes, many of us stay at work late on a regular basis. If this is you, make it a point to leave work exactly on time at least once a week, if not more. And then enjoy that time! Leave work at work. Five, join a group. Here are some ideas of groups that can allow you some time away from work and home: a singing group, gardening group, astronomy society, book club, quilting or any other craft circle, biking or walking or running clubs, ski club, etc. What are you interested in? Strike while the iron is hot. Look up a club in your area today and join! If you can’t find a club, consider starting one yourself! Six, take an adult education class. Take a fun class. If accounting is fun for you, then go ahead. If not, then think about some of these things: foreign language, photography, art, creative writing, or sports, like archery, golf and yoga. Belly-dancing anyone? Seven, exercise. For busy people it can be difficult to make time for this. But in fact you can do it! A11 you have to do is decide today and then make it a reality tomorrow. A new habit is started with just one step. Take that first step tomorrow. Walk for 20 minutes in the morning. And then build on that successdaily. Vary how you spend that time. On some days use the time for thinking and daydreaming. Other days listen to motivational audio and on days you want a real boost, listen to your favorite music! Here are a couple travel audio books you could borrow from your local library that will take you on a journey to a foreign land while you are walking or jogging: “Holy Cow: An Indian Adventure” by Sarah MacDonald or “The Places in Between” by Rory Stewart. If you’ve been exercising for a while and you usually listen to music, try to go without any input for a change. Instead, let your mind wander and expand. Then, keeping yourself on the go. One, commute via public transportation. If you can, ditch your car, and let someone else do the driving. Use that time to plan your day, do some reading, writing, creative thinking, or even meditation. Two, driving in your car. Make the most of this time. Vary how you spend that time. If you always listen to music, perhaps also try: educational radio, positive audio tapes or even totally quiet time. Use that quiet time for brain storming. Either think in your head or even talk your ideas out loud. Bring a voice recorder. You could write a book via voice recorder over time. Three, waiting in the car. If you find that you have a certain amount of “waiting time”in your life, change how you perceive it. Instead of “waiting time” you can instantly change it into “me time” by bringing along reading, writing, or entertainment items. Or if you find yourself waiting and you don’t have any of these things use the time for creative thinking about your life or try some meditation. Lastly, trying to be in synergy. One, two birds, one stone. Look for ideas where you can fit in time for you within things you need to do already or that will have multiple benefits. See the ideas below to give you an idea Two, walk to work. This is a great one because you’re accomplishing many things at once. You’re getting exercise, you have time to think or enjoy music, and you’re helping to save the environment. Three, arrive early. Any appointment that you have, plan to arrive 15-30 minutes early. Then use this time for you: reading, writing, meditation, relaxation, thinking, whatever. Four, volunteering. There are so many benefits with this. You make a difference for others, you escape work and personal worries, and you grow as a person. If you could help one organization or group, which would it be? OK, now go ahead and Google them and find out how you can help—even if it’s just once a year. Five, side job. Find a side job at which you can make money, but that will also allow you to do something you love. Some ideas: coaching, teaching a class, or training others. Six, lunch alone. Try sneaking away for a quiet lunch alone on a park bench or even in your car. Enjoy some quiet time with no one to talk to and no audio inputs. To summarize, we’ve covered three factors to consider in finding time for yourself. Thank you.How to Find Time for Yourself I. Introduction: ways to carve out your own timeA.【T1】______: too busy【T1】______B. Desire: some time for yourself II. Scheduling time for yourselfA. Evenings with yourself—saving certain【T2】______just for you【T2】______—doing whatever you want on those nightsB.【T3】______【T3】______C. Buying tickets【T4】______【T4】______—tickets for anything you enjoy: sports, concerts, etc.—scheduling the plans with a friend laterD. Leaving work on timeE. Joining a(n)【T5】______【T5】______F. Taking an adult education classG. Doing some exercise—deciding today—making it【T6】______ tomorrow【T6】______III. Keeping yourself on the goA. Commuting via【T7】______transportation, using that time【T7】______—for some reading or【T8】______【T8】______—for meditationB. Driving in your car—making the most of the time —【T9】______you spend that time【T9】______—changing “waiting time” into “【T10】______”【T10】______—doing reading, writing or entertainment items IV. Trying to be in synergyA. Two birds, one stoneB. Getting to work【T11】______【T11】______—getting exercise—using the time to think or enjoy musicC. Arriving early, using the time—for relaxation—for thinking, whateverD.【T12】______【T12】______—making a difference for others—escaping work and personal【T13】______【T13】______—growing as a personE. Taking a(n)【T14】______job【T14】______—making money—doing something you loveF. Having【T15】______【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：Reality解析：此题需要考生运用概括能力解答。

英语专业八级考试听力试题英语专业八级考试听力试题上游，是勇士劈风破浪的终点，下游，是懦夫一帆风顺的归宿。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专业八级考试听力试题，希望能给大家带来帮助，SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear nine statements. At the end of the statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following nine questions.1. Who is the speaker?A. An insurance agent.B. A fireman.C. A safeguard.D. A politician.2. What can we infer about Susan?A. She dresses fashionably as she spends plenty of money on them.B. She looks fashionable though she doesn’t spend much on dresses.C. She doesn’t spend much money on her dresses.D. She often spends too much money on her dresses.3. What does the statement mean?A. The room was too dry.B. The room was not dry enough.C. The paint was wet.D. The paint was too dry.4. We learn from the statement thatA. Lucy is very interested in video games.B. Lucy shows no interest in video games.C. Lucy often plays video games if she is free.D. Lucy plays better than her friends.5. What can we learn about Andrew?A. His petrol is used up.B. He just got his car filled.C. His car had a little petrol left when reaching the garage.D. He had a car accident.6. The speaker suggests thatA. appearances are not important.B. appearances are everything.C. lothes make the men.D. we should never trust appearances.7. What does the speaker say about Thurber?A. He is a great writer.B. His blind eye prevented him from writing good novels.C. His success depended on his childhood experience.D. He worked so hard in writing as to lose one of his eyes.8. What does the speaker imply?A. I knew the time of the concert from him.B. He didn’t tell me the time of the concert.C. He told me the time of the concert, but it was unnecessary.D. The concert began before I knew the time.9. The speaker suggests thatA. we should read every two lines carefully.B. we should find hidden and implied meanings.C. we should keep our eyes open for the book.D. we should get the meaning of every word.KEY TO LISTENING COMPREHENSION1.A2.C3.B4.B5.A6.D7.A8.C9.B 10.ASECTION A STATEMENT1. “我认为你们的保险单没有划定看待火灾造成的损失踪的保障。

专业英语八级模拟试卷189(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Fashion The first clothes were probably made just to protect people from the cold. But men and women soon wanted their clothes to be more than practical: they wanted them to be beautiful, too. The more advanced a society became, the more attention was paid to the manner of dress. Not long ago, the hand-made beautiful clothes were usually elaborate and always expensive. Fashion was for the royal, the rich, and the famous. Now mass production has made stylish clothes available to almost everyone. The modern fashion business has become one of the busiest activities in the world. In designing a dress the fashion designer works with three things: silhouette, fabric, and color. First, silhouette, Silhouette is the shape of the dress. It is determined by the flare of the skirt and the fit of the bodice, as well as the shape of the sleeves, the location of the waistline, and the cut of the neckline. The central and most important point of a silhouette is the waistline. It can be high, normal, low, or there can be no waist at all. A high waistline is called Empire, because it was made fashionable by Napoleon’s wife Josephine, who set the style for all the ladies of the French Empire. The most common waistline is the normal, or natural, one. It is usually belted. A waistline placed below the natural waist gives a long, slim silhouette that la called a torso look. The hemline is the second most important part of a silhouette. Hemlines vary in length anywhere from floor length to the short, above-the-knee kilt. In the ever-changing styles of women’s clothes, it is the waistline and hemline that change more than any other part of the silhouette. Second, fabric. The shape of a garment depends on how a fabric fails and how it looks when pinned and belted. Light fabrics such as silk and cotton cling to the body or fall around it in soft folds. More definite shapes that stand away from the body can be made of heavier fabrics such as velvet, linen, and flannel. Naturally designers choose fabrics according to the seasons. Fabrics can be both natural and man-made. Cotton, linen and burlap are made from natural fibers that come from plants. Other natural fabrics such as wool, furs, and silk come from animals. Man-made fabrics are called synthetics. They can be made to look like transparent silks or heavy wools. Often it isdifficult to tell a synthetic from a pure silk, wool, or cotton. Some materials, like nylon, are completely synthetic; others, like cotton acetates, are a combination of a man made and a natural fiber. Man-made materials have certain advantages--they frequently wear longer, wash more easily, and do not wrinkle as much as natural fabrics. Often they are less expensive. Since the price of a dress depends partially on the cost of the material out of which it is made, synthetics have made possible a wide choice of inexpensive clothes. Third, color. Not long ago the color of a dress depended on the season and the time of day when it was worn. Winter wools were always dark. Summer cottons always light and pale. Bright colors were worn only by the young or for gala occasions. However, fashion designers have become more daring in their use of color. Vivid combinations are common. We often see bright orange, purple, or red combined with pink, and blue and lavender with bright green. Now wools can be pale and summery, cottons can be dark, and city clothes vivid. Perhaps the only traditional color left is white for the bride. The French word couturier means “dressmaker.”In the world of fashion, the word has come to mean “a designer of high fashion.” It is these designers who begin trends and create new silhouettes. The work of famous couturiers is copied all over the world. Paris has always been the traditional center of world fashion. It is here that centuries of elegant court life and the love for beautiful things inspired some of the loveliest clothes ever made. Today, couturier salons such as Dior, Rice, Chanel, Givenchy, and many others carry on the tradition. But with the speed of modern communications, especially television, fashion today is almost universal. New styles are worn in Tokyo and Tel Aviv as soon as they are in London, Paris, and New York. And today new fashion trends are as likely to start with young people’s fad as they are to come from a “name”designer’s sketch pad. Wherever fashion begins, it always keeps pace with a changing world.Fashion With the progression of the human society, people areincreasingly demanding their clothes to be beautiful as well as【1】______Today fashion business has become one of the 【1】______world’s busiest activities. There are three things to be considered by a fashiondesigner. First, the silhouette, namely, the【2】______of a 【2】______dress. The central point of a silhouette is the【3】______. The【3】______second most important point is the hemline. Second, the【4】______,which can be both【5】______ 【4】______ 【5】______and【6】______. The latter usually wears longer, washes more 【6】______easily and do not wrinkle as much as the former. Third, the color. The color of a dress used to be decided bythe【7】______and the time of day when the dress was worn. 【7】______Nowadays, fashion designers have become more【8】______in 【8】______the use of color. Today, the fashion design has become one of the world’sbusiest businesses. The work of a famous designers is【9】【9】____________ everywhere. Anti with the speed of moderncommunications, fashion is now almost【10】______ 【10】______1．【1】正确答案：practical2．【2】正确答案：shape3．【3】正确答案：waistline4．【4】正确答案：fabric5．【5】正确答案：natural6．【6】正确答案：man-made7．【7】正确答案：season8．【8】正确答案：daring9．【9】正确答案：copied10．【10】正确答案：universalSECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：InspectorInterviewer: According to local news, more details are emerging of yesterday’s raid on the city’s central branch of the Northern Bank. Police have spent the day interviewing eyewitnesses and piecing together information they have received via a special telephone hotline. We’ 11 be giving you that number again later in the program. Here to tell us more about the enquiry, though, is Inspector Tom Wells of Wessex CID. Hello, Inspector.Inspector: Hello.Interviewer: This seems to have been quite a daring raid, doesn’t it?Inspector: Yes, indeed. The robbers drove up to the bank in broad daylight and parked right outside.Interviewer: Do we know what kind of car they were driving?Inspector: Yes, we know they were in a blue Ford van and thanks to a very sharl-eyed witness, we know that the registration number was BWV593 with either an A or an H at the end and I’d like to ask you viewers to keep ah eye open for that vehicle and let us know if they see’it. It’s probably been abandoned somewhere by now.Interviewer: What else can you tell us at this stage?Inspector: Well, one man entered the bank at about 3: 20, leaving the other at the wheel of the van. He must have put on a mask to hide his face when he was just inside the door. He then produced a sawn-off shotgun and made the three customers who were in the hank at the time lle on the floor before demanding money from the cashiers.Interviewer: Do you know if it was a real gun?Inspector: He didn’t actually fire the gun of course, thank goodness, but we’re pretty sure it was a real gun and there’s no reason to believe it wasn’t loaded. The manager, who was in his office, saw what was happening and pressed the alarm bell. He then came out to help his staff to pack the money into a bag. The gunman gagged him and tied him to a chair afterwards, but he didn’t actually injure him. While that was happening, a customer managed to run out of the bank and call for help. But, unfortunately, the robber was able to grab the hag and make his escape before the police arrived on the scene. But he did drop a scarf he was wearing on the pavement as he escaped and that may give us some clues.Interviewer: But thankfully there were no injuries. I believe you’ve issued a description of the man in connection with the robbery, haven’t you?Inspector: That’s right yes, we’ve had a couple of pretty good descriptions of the man who entered the bank and we now also have an artist’s impression of him. He’s described as in his mid thirties, and of medium height. He’s got shoulder-length sandy-coloured hair, quite wavy, and a pale, rather unhealthy looking complexion. He was wearing an earring in one ear and several witnesses reported seeing a sticking plaster on his face so we believe he may have a cut of some kind on his left cheek.Interviewer: Well, that sounds like a very useful description. Do you know what he was wearing?Inspector: Yes. He was wearing a kind of light coloured sk-type jacket and dirty jeans with a tear in one of the knees and he had sports shoes on. Oh, one other thing; the bank’s security camera shows him holding his gun in his left hand suggesting that he may be left-handed.Interviewer: So, if you see this man.., what would the viewers do, Inspector?Inspector: Well, don’t approach him. We believe he may be dangerous. If you see him, telephone the hotline on 574301 or call your local police station.Interviewer: Thank you, Inspector Tom Wells. That number again is 574301 if you have any information which you think would help the police.11．Considering that the robbers ______, this is quite a daring bank robbery.A．stole a Ford just outside the bankB．didn’t cover the registration plate of the carC．parked the car just outside the bank and robbed the bank in broad daylight D．abandoned the car after the robbery正确答案：C12．The registration number of the car the robbers drove is ______.A．BWA59CA or BWH59CHB．BWV593A or BWV593HC．BWA593 or BWH593D．BWA59C or BWH59C正确答案：B13．Which of the following is TRUE?A．The robber fired a shot to make the customers lie on the floor.B．The robber fired the gun after he loaded it.C．The robber didn’t fire the gun because it wasn’t loaded.D．The robber didn’t fire the gun although it may be loaded.正确答案：D14．Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A．The police came after the manager pressed the alarm bell.B．The police came after one customer called for help.C．The police came and grabbed the scarf of the robber before he made his escape.D．The police came after the robbers made their escape.正确答案：C15．Which of the following details does not match the description of the robber?A．Long hair.B．Tattered jeans.C．Broad shoulder.D．A sticking plaster on the face.正确答案：CSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will heareverything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文： A bomb has exploded at a Shiite Mosque in Karachi, Pakistan, killing at least 16 people and wounding more than 30 others. VOA’s Michael Kitchen reports from the Pakistani capital Islamabad. Police say a bomb planted in a main Shiite mosque in Pakistan’s largest city was detonated during Monday evening prayers. The blast sparked rioting in the neighborhood around the house of worship, marking the second straight day of civil unrest. On Sunday, citywide rioting erupted following the assassination of a well respected Sunni Muslim cleric. Pakistani Interior Secretary Abdullah says the mosque bombing is likely a response by Sunni extremists to the assassination. While Pakistan’s majority Sunni and minority Shiite Muslims normally enjoy good relations, extremists on both sides continue to commit acts of sectarian terrorism against each other’s populations. Michael Kitchen, VOA news, Islamabad.16．Which of the following groups of facts about the reported bomb explosion is TRUE?A．Date: Monday; Place: a Shiite Mosque; Casualties: 16 killed, 30 injured.B．Date: Monday; Place: a house nearby a Shiite Mosque; Casualties: 17 killed, 30 injured.C．Date: Sunday; Place: unknown; Casualties: 1 killed.D．Date: Sunday; Place: a Shiite Mosque; Casualties: 17 killed; 30 injured.正确答案：A17．The bomb explosion might be linked to ______.A．A1 Qaeda terrorist groupB．citywide rioting on the day beforeC．the killing of a Sunni clericD．the dispute over the ownership of the mosque正确答案：C18．The tragic events on Sunday and Monday reveal ______ in Pakistan.A．the historic hatred between Sunni and Shiite MuslimsB．there are sectarian terrorists among both Sunni and Shiite MuslimsC．Sunni Muslims could never have good relations with Shiite MuslimsD．Sunni Muslims would not allow Shiite Muslims to challenge their majority role正确答案：B听力原文： A helicopter carrying officials to survey damage from Friday’s earthquake in northern Iran has crashed, killing at least nine people. Iran’s official news agency says the governor of the quake-stricken Qazvin province is among the dead. Late Friday, the strong tremor shook northern Iran, causing at least 25 deaths, hundreds of injuries and extensive damage to more than 80 villages.19．The governor of an Iranian province ______.A．was killed in an earthquakeB．was killed in a helicopter crash on FridayC．was among the 9 deadD．survived the crash正确答案：C20．The earthquake in northern Iran killed at least ______ people.A．9B．25C．34D．80正确答案：BPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Web Du Bois was born a free man in his small village of Great Barington, Massachusetts, three years after the Civil War. For generations, the Du Bois family had been an accepted part of the community since before his great-grandfather had fought in the American Revolution. Early on, Du Bois was given an awareness of his African-heritage, through the ancient songs his grandmother taught him. This awareness set him apart from his New England community, with an ancestry shrouded in mystery, in sharp contrast to the precisely accounted history of the Western world. This difference would be the foundation for his desire to change the way African-Americans co-existed in America. As a student, Du Bois was considered something of a prodigy who excelled beyond the capabilities of his white peers. He found work as a correspondent for New York newspapers, and slowly began to realize the inhibitions of social boundaries he was expected to observe every step of the way. When racism tried to take his pride and dignity, he became more determined to make sure society ‘recognized his achievements. Clearly, Du Bois showed great promise, and although he dreamt of attending Harvard, some influential members Of hiscommunity arranged for his education at Fisk University in Nashville. His experiences at Fisk changed his life, and he discovered his fate as a leader of the black struggle to free his people from oppression. At Fisk, Du Bois became acquainted with many sons and daughters of former slaves, who felt the pain of oppression and shared his sense of cultural and spiritual tradition. In the South, he saw his people being driven to a status of little difference from slavery, and saw them terrorized at the polls. He taught school during the summers in the eastern portion of Tennessee, and saw the suffering firsthand. He then resolved to dedicate his life to fighting the terrible racial oppression that held the black people down, both economically and politically. Du Bois’s determination was rewarded with a scholarship to Harvard, where he began the first scientific sociological studies in the United States. He felt that through science, he could dispel the irrational prejudices and ignorance that prevented racial equality. He went on to create great advancements in the study of race relations, but oppression continued with segregation laws, lynching, and terror tactics on the rise. Du Bois then formed the Niagara Movement, and in 1909, was a vital part in establishing the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. He was also the editor of the NAACP magazine The Crisis from 1910 to 1934. In this stage of his life, he encouraged direct assaults on the legal, political, and economic system, which he felt blossomed out of the exploitation of the poor and powerless black community. He became the most important black protest leader of the first half of the 20th century. His views clashed with Booker T. Washington, who felt that the black people of America had to simply accept discrimination, and hope to eventually earn respect and equality through hard work and success. Du Bois wrote The Souls of Black Folk in 1903, criticizing Booker, claiming that his ideas would lead to a perpetuation of oppression instead of freeing the black people from it. Du Bois’s criticism lead to a branching out of the black civil rights movement, Booker% conservative followers, and a radical following of his critics. Du Bois had established the Black .Nationalism that was the inspiration for all black empowerment throughout the civil rights movement, but had begun during the progressive era. Although the movement that germinated from his ideas may have taken on a more violent form, Web Du Bois felt strongly that every human being could shape their own destinies with determination and hard work. He inspired hope by declaring that progress would come with the success of the small struggles for a better life.21．Du Bois’s family was respected in the village because ______.A．the Civil War had eliminated racial discrimination in the U. S.B．his grandmother could recite the history of the western worldC．Du Bois was considered something of a prodigy and very promisingD．his great-grandfather had fought in the American war of independence正确答案：D22．He first became aware of a racial disparity because of ______.A．the vagueness of his African ancestryB．the unfair treatment of him at schoolC．the miserable sufferings of the slavesD．the inhibitions haunting his parents正确答案：A23．It was in ______ that he decided to dedicate his life to the struggle against racial oppression.A．HarvardB．BaringtonC．FiskD．Washington正确答案：C24．Du Bois differs from Booker politically in that he ______.A．believed hard work and success were the only way to win respectB．rejected the idea of tentative tolerance of racial discriminationC．encouraged organized violence as part of the struggle for equalityD．took it as his ‘ultimate goal to build an independent nation of blacks正确答案：BThe bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police, perplexed scientists, and fascinated writers for centuries. There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers. Persons have been said to climb on steep roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through plate-glass windows, and commit murder in their sleep. How many of these stories have a basis in fact, and how many are pure fakery? No one knows, but if some of the most sensational stories should be taken with a barrel of salt, others are a matter of record. In Revere, Massachusetts, a hundred policemen combed a waterfront neighborhood for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there. There is an early medical record of a somnambulist who wrote a novel in his sleep. And the great French writer V oltaire knew. a sleepwalker who once got out of bed, dressed himself, made a polite bow, danced a minuet, and then undressed and went back to bed. At the University of Iowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River. He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed. The world’s champion sleepwalker was supposed to have been an Indian, Pandit Ramrakha, who walked sixteen miles along a dangerous road without realizing that he had left his bed. Second in line for the title is probably either a Vienna housewife or a British farmer. The woman did all her shopping on busy streets in her sleep. The farmer, in his sleep, visited a veterinarianmiles away. The leading expert on sleep in America claims that he has never seen a sleepwalker. He is Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman, a physiologist at the University of Chicago. He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty-five years has lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. Says he, “Of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, I doubt that I’d get many takers.”Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality. Like hypnosis, it is one of those dramatic, eerie, awe-inspiring phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic. It lends itself to controversy and misconceptions, what is certain about sleepwalking is that it is a symptom of emotional disturbance, and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and anxieties that cause it. Doctors say that somnambulism is much more common than is generally supposed. Some have estimated that there are four million somnambulists in the United States. Others set the figure even higher. Many sleepwalkers do not seek help and so are never put on record, which means that an accurate count can never be made. The simplest explanation of sleepwalking is that it is the acting out of a vivid dream. The dream usually comes from guilt, worry, nervousness, or some other emotional conflict. The classic sleepwalker is Shakespeare’s Lady Macbeth. Her nightly wanderings were caused by her guilty conscience at having committed murder. Shakespeare said of her; “The eyes are open but their sense is shut.”The age-old question is: Is the sleepwalker actually awake or asleep? Scientists have decided that he is about half-and-half. Like Lady Macbeth, he has weighty problems on his mind. Dr. Zeida Teplitz, who made a ten-year study of the subject, says, “Some people stay awake all night worrying about their problems. The sleepwalker thrashes them out in his sleep. He is awake in the muscular area, partially asleep in the sensory area.” In other words, a person can walk in his sleep, move around, and do other things, but he does not think about what he is doing. There are many myths about sleepwalkers. One of the most common is the idea that it’s dangerous or even fatal to waken a sleepwalker abruptly. Experts say that the shock suffered by a sleepwalker suddenly awakened is no greater than that suffered in waking up to the noise of an alarm clock. Another mistaken belief is that sleepwalkers are immune to injury. Actually most sleepwalkers trip over rugs or bump their heads on doors at some time or other.25．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A．There is no accurate figure of the number of sleepwalkers.B．Stories of sleepwalkers are all fantasies.C．Sleepwalkers can be considered half awake in their sleep.D．V oltaire knew a sleepwalker who once danced a minuet in sleep.正确答案：B26．Dr. Kleitman ______.A．has lost so much sleep that he is now suffering from insomniaB．has conducted experiments on sleepwalkersC．has slept more than any other living man of his ageD．does not believe that there are any sleepwalkers at all正确答案：D27．According to experts on sleepwalking, sleepwalkers ______.A．can commit murder or other dangerous thingsB．can be fatally hurt if they are wakened abruptlyC．are partially awakeD．are immune to injury正确答案：C28．What does the phrase “taken with a barrel of salt” mean at the end of the second paragraph?A．Suspected.B．Justifiable.C．Inconsistent.D．Ignored.正确答案：AHistorically, execution has served as a significant form of punishment for deviance from social norms and criminal behavior. Capital punishment is no longer in use in Great Britain, but King Henry VIII executed an estimated 72,000 thieves and vagabonds during his long reign. When the American colonists came from England in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, they brought some of, but not all, the English laws concerning punishment for capital crimes. For centuries, the death penalty was used in North America for murder, alleged witchcraft, and a few other crimes. Little thought was given to its justification; capital punishment was assumed to be morally and religiously justified. The first critical challenge to this practice came in 1821 when a study of the Louisiana criminal code recommended repeal of the death penalty. This suggestion was not adopted in Louisiana, but, ironically, it led to abolition of capital punishment in several South American countries. In 1834, Pennsylvania became the first American state to end its use of executions. Although certain states followed Pennsylvania’s lead, the history of the death penalty in the United States over the last 100 years has been rather uneven. As some states abolish capital punishment, others reinstate it. Currently, 37 states, the military, and federal statutes provide for execution for selected crimes. The debate over the death penalty has traditionally focused on its appropriateness as a form of punishment and its value in deterring criminals. Viewed from the functionalist perspective of Emile Durkheim, sanctioning of deviant acts helps to reinforce the standards of proper behavior within a society. In this light, supporters of capital punishment insist thatfear of execution will prevent at least some criminals from committing serious offenses. Moreover, in their view, the death penalty is justified even if it does not serve as a deterrent, because such criminals deserve to die for their crimes. By contrast, opponents of capital punishment have long attacked it as “legalized murder”. For example, in the last weeks of his term as governor of New Mexico in 1986, Toney Anaya commuted the death sentences of all five men awaiting execution in the state. Anaya called the death penalty “inhumane, immoral, and anti-God”and added that “my personal beliefs do not allow me to permit the execution of an individual in the name of the state.”Opponents of the death penalty point out that a 1985 report identified 343 Americans wrongly convicted of offenses punishable by death since 1900, 25 of whom were actually executed. For example, in 1979 a black man was sentenced to death for the murder of a 4 year-old white girl. He received a stay only days before his scheduled execution when the victim’s mother implicated another person; the man’s conviction was subsequently overturned. Critics argue that the possibility of error in the criminal justice system in itself makes capital punishment morally offensive. They also insist that the death penalty violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against “cruel and unusual punishment.”Thus far, they have failed to persuade the Supreme Court that their constitutional argument is valid. In 1976, in the case of Gregg vs. Georgia, the Court held that executions can be appropriate so long as they do not involve needless pain or suffering and are not grossly out of proportion to the severity of the crime. This ruling and others were especially significant, since no executions had taken place since 1967. In part, this reflected a lull in the criminal justice system as officials waited to see how the Supreme Court would assess the constitutionality of the death penalty. In the aftermath of the Court’s decisions, one execution took place amidst national publicity in 1977 and another in 1979. Executions became more common in the early 1980s; in 1987, there were 25. Moreover, there were more inmates on “death row” in 1987 than at any other time in American history.29．The first American state that ended the practice of death penalty is ______.A．PennsylvaniaB．New York StateC．New MexicoD．Arizona正确答案：A30．Which of the following is NOT a reason suggested in the argument against death penalty?A．Death penalty is not humane.B．Death penalty cannot really deter criminals.C．Errors may occur in conviction of some offenses.D．Death penalty was used to suppress revolutionary groups.。

专业英语八级考试试题与答案(1)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（35MIN）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You. will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Green’s university days?A. She felt bored.B. She felt lonely.D. The subject was easy.2. Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employment?A. Doing surveys at workplace.B. Analyzing survey results.C. Designing questionnaires.D. Taking a psychology course.3. According to Miss Green, the main difference between the Department of Employment and the advertising agency lies inA. the nature of work.B. office decoration.C. office location.D. work procedures.4. Why did Miss green want to leave the advertising agency?A. She felt unhappy inside the company.B. She felt work there too demanding.C. She was denied promotion in the company.D. She longed for new opportunities.5. How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?A. She was willing and ready.B. She sounded mildly eager.D. She sounded very reluctant.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 6 and 7 based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.6. The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wanted toA. destroy the European Central Bank.B. have an interview with a TV station.C. circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.D. remember the death of a US astronaut.7. Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?A. He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.B. He was piloting a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.C. He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.D. He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.8. The news is mainly about the city government’s plan toA. expand and improve the existing subway system.B. build underground malls and parking lots.C. prevent further land subsidence.D. promote advanced technology.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.9. According to the news, what makes this credit card different from conventional ones isA. that it can hear the owner’s voice.B. that it can remember a password.C. that it can identify the owner’s voice.D. that it can remember the owner’s PIN.10. The newly developed credit card is said to said to have all the following EXCEPTA. switch.B. battery.C. speaker.D. built-in chip.参考答案：Section A Mini-lecture1.the author2.other works3.literary trends4.grammar,diction or uses of image5.cultural codes6.cultural7.the reader8.social9.reader competency10. social sructure,traditions of writing or political cultural influences,etc.Section B Interview1-5 CDDDASection C News Broadcast6-10 DCBCA。

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷229(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：How to Read Literature Critically?Good morning, everyone. Today, I am going to talk about how to read literature critically. Even if you’re taking your very first literature class, it’s easy to read critically if you follow our 6-step method. But before you get started, always keep this in mind: reading critically doesn’t mean tearing a work of literature apart. Instead, it means understanding what the author has written and evaluating the success of the work as a whole.Firstly, figurative language. As you are reading, make note of expressive language such as similes, metaphors, and personification.[1]Then consider why the author employs these devices. Here’s a brief definition of each term and an example:[2]Simile. A simile is a comparison of two terms and frequently uses the words like or as. For example, in John Steinbeck’s short story The Chrysanthemums, he writes of the character Eliza: “She crouched low like a fawning dog.” The image gives the reader a clear indication of Eliza’s state of mind as she reaches out to the peddler for acceptance. Literary works are replete with similes, so being aware of their presence and possible meanings will aid your critical analysis.Metaphor.[3]A metaphor is a comparison of two seemingly unrelated subjects. In Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved, her character Paul D.’s pain is expressed in a metaphor “He would keep his heart where it belonged: in that tobacco tin buried in his chest where his red heart used to be.” Metaphors are used to give language color and depth and to impact the reader’s senses.Personification.[4]Personification is the granting of human traits to objects or animals. When Nick in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby describes the trees in his hometown as “friendly,” he is giving human qualities to an object that obviously cannot “feel” anything, friendly or otherwise. But for the reader, personification provides yet another way to understand the author’s intent.Secondly, structure.[5]/[6]Many times an author opts to tell a story out of chronological sequence, perhaps with flashbacks or integrated tales. Faulkner does this in his short story A Rose for Emily. The purpose of the nonlinear structure is for the reader to understand, in retrospect, how prior events led to the discovery of Emily’s dark secret and how the town’s complicity contributed to her death. Amy Tan’s novel The Joy Luck Club uses flashback and multiple voices in the narrative to create a new perspective on immigration.Thirdly, influence.[7]For every writer, someother authors’ works appeal to him or her on some level, whether it is in the lessons learned, the style used, or the conclusions reached. Try to discover who has influenced the author of the work you are studying. Herman Melville dedicated his novel Moby Dick to fellow writer Nathaniel Hawthorne. Although the two men have a markedly different style, Melville so admired Hawthorne that he wrote to the elder author “I feel that the Godhead is broken up like the bread at the Supper, and that we are the pieces.” If you can trace an influence like this one, your critical approach will be more nuanced.Fourthly, archetypes. Your critical reading should also include an awareness of archetypes. Like influences, archetypes are things patterned after an original, and many are so common that you often don’t need extensive knowledge of the original to appreciate the meaning or intent. For example, Cervantes’ Don Quixote is an example of the most notable of archetypal “buddy pairs”; both the Don and his sidekick Sancho Panza are clueless but essentially well-meaning characters who stick together, even when they’d prefer not to. Friends who rely on one another through thick and thin are a staple of literature—from John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men to Jack Kerouac’s On the Road.[8]Archetypes often fall into one of two categories: character archetypes and situational archetypes. Along with the buddy pair, common character archetypes include the Christ-figure, the scapegoat, and the hero who saves the day, for instance Homer’s Odysseus or J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter.[9]Situational archetypes include the quest and the pursuit of an elusive goal, whether that quest is King Arthur’s relentless pursuit of the Holy Grail or Frodo’s search for the ring in Tolkien’s trilogy. Another readily identifiable situational archetype is the loss of innocence.[10]Initiation is also a frequent situational archetype.[11]In fact, Hemingway’s short story Indian Camp combines both the initiation and loss of innocence archetypes. Nick, the young protagonist, must be initiated into the world of sexuality by witnessing its most profound product—childbirth. At the same time, he is stripped of any romantic illusions about a woman’s body.Fifthly, symbolism. Ah, the most dreaded word for many a reader. What is a symbol and how can you identify one in literature?[12]A symbol typically encompasses both a literal meaning and a figurative meaning. Unlike a metaphor, a symbol is not necessarily a statement: a single word can evoke meaning and become a symbol. Being aware of common symbols in novels will increase your ability to read a work critically.[13]Spring, for example, is often a symbol of renewal; conversely, winter often symbolizes a figurative death. Fitzgerald’s short story Winter Dreams is heartbreakingly rendered from the outset by the symbolism of its title. We know that the harsh, symbolically loaded word “winter” offsets the fragility and hope of the word “dreams”.[14]Other common symbols include lightness and darkness, the Christian cross, the Star of David, and the Nazi swastika. The more symbols you are able to identify, the richer your critical interpretation will be.Sixthly, read and reread.[15]Resist the impulse to assess a work after you first read it, even if you have diligently completed the first five steps given here. A thorough critical analysis cannot be accomplished until you’ve reread the work.OK I have outlined 6 steps for you to follow when you read literature. These steps will help you better understand and appreciate the literary works of all times.How to Read Literature Critically?Reading critically does not mean tearing a work of literature apart, but understanding and evaluating the work as a whole. A six-step method will help us read literature critically.I. Figurative Language—Make note of expressive language—Think about the【T1】_____ behind employing the devices【T1】______—Some examples of figurative languagea)【T2】_____: a comparison of two terms【T2】______b)Metaphor: a comparison of two seemingly 【T3】_____ subjects【T3】______c)【T4】_____: granting human traits to objects or animals【T4】______II. Structure—Nonlinear structure: a story【T5】_____ order 【T5】______sequence with【T6】_____ or integrated tales【T6】______—Examples: A Rose for Emily & The Joy Luck Club III. Influence—Trace an influence between authors a)the lessons learnedb)【T7】_____【T7】______c)the conclusions reached —Example: Hawthorne’s influence on MelvilleIV. Archetypes—Archetypes patterned after an original—Two types of archetypes 【T8】_____【T8】______a)buddy pairb)Christ-figurec)the scapegoatd)the hero Situational archetypesa)【T9】_____ and pursuit of an elusive goal【T9】______b)loss of innocencec)【T10】_____【T10】______—Authors can【T11】_____ different archetypes,【T11】______e.g. Hemingway’s Indian CampV. Symbolism—A symbol contains both【T12】_____ meanings【T12】______—A symbol is not necessarily a statement—Common symbols in literaturea)Spring, which symbolizes【T13】_____【T13】______b)Winter, which symbolizes death—Other common symbols, like 【T14】_____ etc.【T14】______VI. Read and Reread—Don’t【T15】_____ a work after you first read it【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：reasons解析：本题考查“修辞语言”的内容。

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷179(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Audience Awareness of Writing Good morning, everyone. Before you write something, you need to have a clear idea of the topic, the audience, and the purpose of your writing. In this lecture, we’ll concentrate on one of those elements, the audience. This is a very important aspect for writing. The term audience usually refers to viewers of movies and TV shows and listeners of radio programs.(1)Here we expand it to include readers of written materials in discussions of writing activities. Why is this concept so important?(2)As shown in the example in our book, the same topic, when written to different audiences, can have very different content, structure, style, etc. Thus, the importance of a keen awareness of your audience throughout the writing process can not be overemphasized. Audiences can be examined from three different perspectives: 1. your social relations to your audience: 2. your audience’s knowledge about your subject: 3. your audience’s attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. Let’s discuss them one by one. Now, the first point, analyze your audience in terms of your social relations. Whenever you write, you are interacting with other members of the society. Are you writing to a friend of yours? To a college student? To the director of your business firm? To the admission office of an American college?(3)In each situation, you have a different social relationship with your audience and this relation has a definite impact on the shape of your writing. No one in his or her right mind would write a letter of application to the dean of the graduate school as if the dean was one of his or her buddies. (4)The second point, analyze your audience in terms of their knowledge of the subject you are writing about.(5)This analysis is valuable particularly in informative and explanatory writing. Suppose you are writing a paper comparing the Mid-autumn Festival and Thanksgiving. How much knowledge would you assume your American readers already have about the Chinese holiday and how much about their own? Obviously, very little about the former and a whole lot about the latter. In such a paper, you want to take care not to bore your readers to death by telling them what they already know while leaving them tantalizingly unsatisfied about what they are so eager to learn.(6)The emphasis here should be to show the striking differences and subtle parallels rather than to give exhaustivelydetailed information on each holiday. (7)Now, the third point, analyze your audience in terms of their attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing.(8)This analysis is vitally important in writing persuasive or argumentative essays, which is much more complex and challenging.(9)In a persuasive essay you present reasons and arguments to convince your readers that they should accept a belief or to take a position or a specific action. For persuasive or argumentative writings, you can classify audiences into three groups: those who agree, those who are neutral or undecided, and those who disagree. (10- 1)When writing to an audience who already sees eye to eye with you about a controversial issue, is there much you need to do? Not much. If you are addressing an audience who already shares your view about developing and maintaining a mature and constructive relationship between China and the United States in the 21st century,(11)all you need to do is repeat why such a relationship is in the vital interests of both countries and of the whole world. (10-2/12- 1)When writing to audiences who are neutral or undecided, you have the most to do and can hope to achieve a lot. Say you want to propose that a new financial aid system be established to help those bright students in rural and less prosperous areas of the country. You are concerned that with today’s new tuition policy and practice, those students will be priced out of a chance for the high education they deserve so much.(13)Some people may be undecided because they have some doubts and concerns: Where does the money needed for such an aid come from? What are the specific standards whereby to award scholarships? Are there more fair and efficient alternative solutions? Once you find out why your audience are undecided, you need to address their doubts and concerns as directly and fully as possible.(12-2)You have a fairly good chance of winning them over when their questions are answered satisfactorily. (10-3)And audiences who disagree are the most difficult to write to.(14)Different people disagree with you for different reasons. Some of them may have already given the issue a thought and have already made a choice: therefore, it is extremely difficult to change their minds. Others who disagree may not have had the time to think it over seriously.(15)There are two main possible reasons why your audience may disagree with you: 1)because they don’t have the “facts”or because they look at the same “facts”differently: 2)because they are influenced by their personal opinion, prejudice, and political or religious beliefs. Once you have found out why they disagree, you can decide what is the best approach to such audiences. If it is a lack of information, your job is to give them the relevant historical as well as up-to-date information as accurately as possible. If it is for personal, political and religious reasons, you need to recognize them, understand them, and address them accordingly. Now, we can see that audience awareness is so crucial to the success of your writing. And in the next lecture, we’ll discuss the writing purpose and your role in the writing. Thank you for your attention!Audience Awareness of Writing I . Introduction—audience refers to readers of 【T1】______【T1】______—the content, structure and the style of the writing【T2】______its【T2】______audiences —view audiences from three anglesII. Writer’s social relation to the audienceSocial relationship between the writer and the audience will【T3】______【T3】______the form of the writingIII. Audience’s【T4】______ofthe subject【T4】______—significant especially in informative and【T5】______writing 【T5】______e. g. When comparing the Mid-autumn Festival and Thanksgiving,【T6】______and subtle similarities are preferable to detailed introduction to【T6】______each holiday.IV. Audience’s【T7】______and the writer’s position【T7】______—most important in【T8】______writing【T8】______—writer’s role: convince audiences of【T9】______of a belief【T9】______—【T10】______of writing to different types of audiences【T10】______1)favorable audience: doing nothing but【T11】______the reasons【T11】______2)neutral or hesitant audience: having much to do to 【T12】______the【T12】______audience:【T13】______the audience’s doubts and concerns and deal with them【T13】______satisfactorily3)opposing audience: analyzing the reasons of【T14】______【T14】______—unwavering decision,【T15】______information, or influence in terms of【T15】______personal, political, religious and other respects1．【T1】正确答案：written materials解析：本题考查重要细节。