联合国海洋法公约.201612ppt.ppt

联合国海洋法公约（一）目录第一部分用语和范围第一条用语和范围第二部分领海和毗连区第一节一般规定第二条领海及其上空、海床和底土的法律地位第二节领海的界限第三条领海的宽度第四条领海的外部界限第五条正常基线第六条礁石第七条直线基线第八条内水第九条河口第十条海湾第十一条港口第十二条泊船处第十三条低潮高地第十四条确定基线的混合办法第十五条海岸相向或相邻国家间领海界限的划定第十六条海图和地理座标表第三节领海的无害通过A分节适用于所有船舶的规则第十七条无害通过权第十八条通过的意义第十九条无害通过的意义第二十条潜水艇和其他潜水器第二十一条沿海国关于无害通过的法律和规章第二十二条领海内的海道和分道通航制第二十三条外国核动力船舶和载运核物质或其他本质上危险或有毒物质的船舶第二十四条沿海国的义务第二十五条沿海国的保护权第二十六条可向外国船舶征收的费用B分节适用于商船和用于商业目的的政府船舶的规则第二十七条外国船舶上的刑事管辖权第二十八条对外国船舶的民事管辖权C分节适用于军舰和其他用于非商业目的的政府船舶的规则第二十九条军舰的定义第三十条军舰对沿海国法律和规章的不遵守第三十一条船旗国对军舰和其他用于非商业目的的政府船舶所造成的损害的责任第三十二条军舰和其他用于非商业目的的政府船舶的豁免权第四节毗连区第三十三条毗连区第三部分用于国际航行的海峡第一节一般规定第三十四条构成用于国际航行海峡的水域的法律地位第三十五条本部分的范围第三十六条穿过用于国际航行的海峡的公海航道或穿过专属经济区的航道第二节过境通行第三十七条本节的范围第三十八条过境通行权第三十九条船舶和飞机在过境通行时的义务第四十条研究和测量活动第四十一条用于国际航行的海峡内的海道和分道通航制第四十二条海峡沿岸国关于过境通行的法律和规章第四十三条助航和安全设备及其他改进办法以及污染的防止、减少和控制第四十四条海峡沿岸国的义务第三节无害通过第四十五条无害通过第四部分群岛国第四十六条用语第四十七条群岛基线第四十八条领海、毗连区、专属经济区和大陆架宽度的测算第四十九条群岛水域、群岛水域的上空、海床和底土的法律地位第五十条内水界限的划定第五十一条现有协定、传统捕鱼权利和现有海底电缆第五十二条无害通过权第五十三条群岛海道通过权第五十四条船舶和飞机在通过时的义务、研究和测量活动、群岛国的义务以及群岛国关于群岛海道通过的法律和规章第五部分专属经济区第五十五条专属经济区的特定法律制度第五十六条沿海国在专属经济区内的权利、管辖权和义务第五十七条专属经济区的宽度第五十八条其他国家在专属经济区内的权利和义务第五十九条解决关于专属经济区内权利和管辖权利的归属的冲突的基础第六十条专属经济区内的人工岛屿、设施和结构第六十一条生物资源的养护第六十二条生物资源的利用第六十三条出现在两个或两个以上沿海国专属经济区的种群或出现在专属经济区内而又出现在专属经济区外的邻接区域内的种群第六十四条高度回游鱼种第六十五条海洋哺乳动物第六十六条溯河产卵种群第六十七条降河产卵鱼种第六十八条定居种第六十九条内陆国的权利第七十条地理不利国的权利第七十一条第六十九和第七十条的不适用第七十二条权利转让的限制第七十三条沿海国法律和规章的执行第七十四条海岸相向或相邻国家间专属经济区界限的划定第七十五条海图和地理座标表第六部分大陆架第七十六条大陆架的定义第七十七条沿海国对大陆架的权利第七十八条上覆水域和上空的法律地位以及其他国家的权利和自由第七十九条大陆架上的海底电缆和管道第八十条大陆架上的人工岛屿、设施和结构第八十一条大陆架上的钻探第八十二条对二百海里以外的大陆架上的开发应缴的费用和实物第八十三条海岸相向或相邻国家间大陆架界限的划定第八十四条海图和地理座标表第八十五条开凿隧道第七部分公海第一节一般规定第八十六条本部分规定的适用第八十七条公海自由第八十八条公海只用于和平目的第八十九条对公海主权主张的无效第九十条航行权第九十一条船舶的国籍第九十二条船舶的地位第九十三条悬挂联合国、其专门机构和国际原子能机构旗帜的船舶第九十四条船旗国的义务第九十五条公海上军舰的豁免权第九十六条专用于政府非商业性服务的船舶的豁免权第九十七条关于碰撞事项或任何其他航行事故的刑事管豁权第九十八条救助的义务第九十九条贩运奴隶的禁止第一○○条合作制止海盗行为的义务第一○一条海盗行为的定义第一○二条军舰、政府船舶或政府飞机由于其船员或机组成员发生叛变而从事的海盗行为第一○三条海盗船舶或飞机的定义第一○四条海盗船舶或飞机国籍的保留或丧失第一○五条海盗船舶或飞机的扣押第一○六条无足够理由扣押的赔偿责任第一○七条由于发生海盗行为而有权进行扣押的船舶和飞机第一○八条麻醉药品或精神调理物质的非法贩运第一○九条从公海从事未经许可的广播第一一○条登临权第一一一条紧追权第一一二条铺设海底电缆和管道的权利第一一三条海底电缆或管道的破坏或损害第一一四条海底电缆或管道的所有人对另一海底电缆或管道的破坏或损害第一一五条因避免损害海底电缆或管道而遭受的损失的赔偿第二节公海生物资源的养护和管理第一一六条公海上捕鱼的权利第一一七条各国为其国民采取养护公海生物资源措施的义务第一一八条各国在养护和管理生物资源方面的合作第一一九条公海生物资源的养护第一二○条海洋哺乳动物第八部分岛屿制度第一二一条岛屿制度第九部分闭海或半闭海第一二二条定义第一二三条闭海或半闭海沿岸国的合作第十部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第一二四条用语第一二五条出入海洋的权利和过境自由第一二六条最惠国条款的不适用第一二七条关税、税捐和其他费用第一二八条自由区和其他海关便利第一二九条合作建造和改进运输工具第一三○条避免或消除过境运输发生迟延或其他技术性困难的措施第一三一条海港内的同等待遇第一三二条更大的过境便利的给予第十一部分“区域”第一节一般规定第一三三条用语第一三四条本部分的范围第一三五条上覆水域和上空的法律地位第二节支配“区域”的原则第一三六条人类的共同继承财产第一三七条“区域”及其资源的法律地位第一三八条国家对于“区域”的一般行为第一三九条确保遵守本公约的义务和损害赔偿责任第一四○条全人类的利益第一四一条专为和平目的利用“区域”第一四二条沿海国的权利和合法利益第一四三条海洋科学研究第一四四条技术的转让第一四五条海洋环境的保护第一四六条人命的保护第一四七条“区域”内活动与海洋环境中的活动的相互适应第一四八条发展中国家对“区域”内活动的参加第一四九条考古和历史文物第三节“区域”内资源的开发第一五○条关于“区域”内活动的政策第一五一条生产政策第一五二条管理局权力和职务的行使第一五三条勘探和开发制度第一五四条定期审查第一五五条审查会议第四节管理局A分节一般规定第一五六条设立管理局第一五七条管理局的性质和基本原则第一五八条管理局的机关B分节大会第一五九条组成、程序和表决第一六○条权力和职务C分节理事会第一六一条组成、程序和表决第一六二条权力和职务第一六三条理事会的机关第一六四条经济规划委员会第一六五条法律和技术委员会D分节秘书处第一六六条秘书处第一六七条管理局的工作人员第一六八条秘书处的国际性第一六九条同国际组织和非政府组织的协商和合作 E分节企业部第一七○条企业部F分节管理局财政安排第一七一条管理局的资金第一七二条管理局的年度预算第一七三条管理局的开支第一七四条管理局的借款权第一七五条年度审计G分节法律地位、特权和豁免第一七六条法律地位第一七七条特权和豁免第一七八条法律程序的豁免第一七九条对搜查和任何其他形式扣押的豁免第一八○条限制、管制、控制和暂时冻结的免除第一八一条管理局的档案和公务通讯第一八二条若干与管理局有关人员的特权和豁免第一八三条税捐和关税的免除H分节成员国权利和特权的暂停行使第一八四条表决权的暂停行使第一八五条成员特权和权利的暂停行使第五节争端的解决和咨询意见第一八六条国际海洋法法庭海底争端分庭第一八七条海底争端分庭的管辖权第一八八条争端提交国际海洋法法庭特别分庭或海底争端分庭专案分庭或提交有拘束力的商业仲裁第一八九条在管理局所作决定方面管辖权的限制第一九○条担保缔约国的参加程序和出庭第一九一条咨询意见第十二部分海洋环境的保护和保全第一节一般规定第一九二条一般义务第一九三条各国开发其自然资源的主权权利第一九四条防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的措施第一九五条不将损害或危险转移或将一种污染转变成另一种污染的义务第一九六条技术的使用或外来的或新的物种的引进第二节全球性和区域性合作第一九七条在全球性或区域性的基础上的合作第一九八条即将发生的损害或实际损害的通知第一九九条对污染的应急计划第二○○条研究、研究方案及情报和资料的交换第二○一条规章的科学标准第三节技术援助第二○二条对发展中国家的科学和技术援助第二○三条对发展中国家的优惠待遇第四节监测和环境评价第二○四条对污染危险或影响的监测第二○五条报告的发表第二○六条对各种活动的可能影响的评价第五节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第二○七条陆地来源的污染第二○八条国家管辖的海底活动造成的污染第二○九条来自“区域”内活动的污染第二一○条倾倒造成的污染第二一一条来自船只的污染第二一二条来自大气层或通过大气层的污染第六节执行第二一三条关于陆地来源的污染的执行第二一四条关于来自海底活动的污染的执行第二一五条关于来自“区域”内活动的污染的执行第二一六条关于倾倒造成污染的执行第二一七条船旗国的执行第二一八条港口国的执行第二一九条关于船只适航条件的避免污染措施第二二○条沿海国的执行第二二一条避免海难引起污染的措施第二二二条对来自大气层或通过大气层的污染的执行第七节保障办法第二二三条便利司法程序的措施第二二四条执行权力的行使第二二五条行使执行权力时避免不良后果的义务第二二六条调查外国船只第二二七条对外国船只的无歧视第二二八条提起司法程序的暂停和限制第二二九条民事诉讼程序的提起第二三○条罚款和对被告的公认权利的尊重第二三一条对船旗国和其他有关国家的通知第二三二条各国因执行措施而产生的赔偿责任第二三三条对用于国际航行的海峡的保障第八节冰封区域第二三四条冰封区域第九节责任第二三五条责任第十节主权豁免第二三六条主权豁免第十一节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第二三七条关于保扩和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第十三部分海洋科学研究第一节一般规定第二三八条进行海洋科学研究的权利第二三九条海洋科学研究的促进第二四○条进行海洋科学研究的一般原则第二四一条不承认海洋科学研究活动为任何权利主张的法律根据第二节国际合作第二四二条国际合作的促进第二四三条有利条件的创造第二四四条情报和知识的公布和传播第三节海洋科学研究的进行和促进第二四五条领海内的海洋科学研究第二四六条专属经济区内和大陆架上的海洋科学研究第二四七条国际组织进行或主持的海洋科学研究计划第二四八条向沿海国提供资料的义务第二四九条遵守某些条件的义务第二五○条关于海洋科学研究计划的通知第二五一条一般准则和方针第二五二条默示同意第二五三条海洋科学研究活动的暂停或停止第二五四条邻近的内阱国和地理不利国的权利第二五五条便利海洋科学研究和协助研究船的措施第二五六条“区域”内的海洋科学研究第二五七条在专属经济区以外的水体内的海洋科学研究第四节海洋环境中科学研究设施和装备第二五八条部署和使用第二五九条法律地位第二六○条安全地带第二六一条对国际航路的不干扰第二六二条识别标志和警告信号第五节责任第二六三条责任第六节争端的解决和临时措施第二六四条争端的解决第二六五条临时措施第十四部分海洋技术的发展和转让第一节一般规定第二六六条海洋技术发展和转让的促进第二六七条合法利益的保护第二六八条基本目标第二六九条实现基本目标的措施第二节国际合作第二七○条国际合作的方式和方法第二七一条方针、准则和标准第二七二条国际方案的协调第二七三条与各国际组织和管理局的合作第二七四条管理局的目标第三节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第二七五条国家中心的设立第二七六条区域性中心的设立第二七七条区域性中心的职务第四节国际组织间的合作第二七八条国际组织间的合作第十五部分争端的解决第一节一般规定第二七九条用和平方法解决争端的义务第二八○条用争端各方选择的任何和平方法解决争端第二八一条争端各方在争端未得到解决时所适用的程序第二八二条一般性、区域性或双边协定规定的义务第二八三条交换意见的义务第二八四条调解第二八五条本节对依据第十一部分提交的争端的适用第二节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序第二八六条本节规定的程序的适用第二八七条程序的选择第二八八条管辖权第二八九条专家第二九○条临时措施第二九一条使用程序的机会第二九二条船只和船员的迅速释放第二九三条适用的法律第二九四条初步程序第二九五条用尽当地补救办法第二九六条裁判的确定性和拘束力第三节适用第二节的限制和例外第二九七条适用第二节的限制第二九八条适用第二节的任择性例外第二九九条争端各方议定程序的权利第十六部分一般规定第三○○条诚意和滥用权利第三○一条海洋的和平使用第三○二条泄露资料第三○三条在海洋发现的考古和历史文物第三○四条损害赔偿责任第十七部分最后条款第三○五条签字第三○六条批准和正式确认第三○七条加入第三○八条生效第三○九条保留和例外第三一○条声明和说明第三一一条同其他公约和国际协定的关系第三一三条以简化程序进行修正第三一四条对本公约专门同“区域”内活动有关的规定的修正案第三一五条修正案的签字、批准、加入和有效文本第三一六条修正案的生效第三一七条退出第三一八条附件的地位第三一九条保管者第三二○条有效文本附件一、高度回游鱼类附件二、大陆架界限委员会附件三、探矿、勘探和开发的基本条件第一条矿物的所有权第二条探矿第三条勘探和开发第四条申请者的资格第五条技术转让第六条工作计划的核准第七条生产许可的申请者的选择第八条区域的保留第九条保留区域内的活动第十条申请者中的优惠和优先第十二条企业部进行的活动第十三条合同的财政条款第十四条资料的转让第十五条训练方案第十六条勘探和开发的专属权利第十七条管理局的规则、规章和程序第十八条罚则第十九条合同的修改第二十条权利和义务的转让第二十一条适用的法律第二十二条责任附件四、企业部章程第一条宗旨第二条同管理局的关系第三条责任的限制第四条组成第五条董事会第六条董事会的权力和职务第七条企业部总干事和工作人员第八条所在地第九条报告和财务报表第十条净收入的分配第十一条财政第十二条业务第十三条法律地位、特权和豁免附件五、调解第一节按照第十五部分第一节的调解程序第一条程序的提起第二条调解员名单第三条调解委员会的组成第四条程序第五条和睦解决第六条委员会的职务第七条报告第八条程序的终止第九条费用和开支第十条争端各方关于改变程序的权利第二节按照第十五部分第三节提交的强制调解程序第十一条程序的提起第十二条不答复或不接受调解第十三条权限第十四条第一节的适用附件六、国际海洋法法庭规约第一节法庭的组织第二条组成第三条法官第四条提名和选举第五条任期第六条出缺第七条不适合的活动第八条关于法官参与特定案件的条件第九条不再适合必需的条件的后果第十条特权和豁免第十一条法官的郑重宣告第十二条庭长、副庭长和书记官长第十三条法定人数第十四条海底争端分庭第十五条特别分庭第十六条法庭的规则第十七条法官的国籍第十八条法官的报酬第十九条法庭的开支第二节权限第二十条向法庭申诉的机会第二十二条其他协定范围内争端的提交第二十三条可适用的法律第三节程序第二十四条程序的提起第二十五条临时措施第二十六条审讯第二十七条案件的审理第二十八条不到案第二十九条过半数决定第三十条判决书第三十一条参加的请求第三十二条对解释或适用案件的参加权利第三十三条裁判的确定性和拘束力第三十四条费用第四节海底争端分庭第三十五条组成第三十六条专案分庭第三十七条申诉机会第三十八条可适用的法律第三十九条分庭裁判的执行第四十条本附件其他各节的适用第五节修正案第四十一条修正案附件七、仲裁第一条程序的提起第二条仲裁员名单第三条仲裁法庭的组成第四条仲裁法庭职务的执行第五条程序第六条争端各方的职责第七条开支第八条作出裁决所需的多数第九条不到案第十条裁决书第十一条裁决的确定性第十二条裁决的解释或执行第十三条对缔约国以外的实体的适用附件八、特别仲裁第一条程序的提起第二条专家名单第三条特别仲裁法庭的组成第四条一般规定第五条事实认定附件九、国际组织的参加第一条用语第二条签字第三条正式确认和加入第四条参加的限度和权利与义务第五条声明、通知和通报第六条责任第七条争端的解决第八条第十七部分的适用性联合国海洋法公约本公约缔约各国，本着以互相谅解和合作的精神解决与海洋法有关的一切问题的愿望，并且认识到本公约对于维护和平、正义和全世界人民的进步作出重要贡献的历史意义，注意到自从一九五八年和一九六○年在日内瓦举行了联合国海洋法会议以来的种种发展，着重指出了需要有一项新的可获一般接受的海洋法公约，意识到各海洋区域的种种问题都是彼此密切相关的，有必要作为一个整体来加以考虑，认识到有需要通过本公约，在妥为顾及所有国家主权的情形下，为海洋建立一种法律秩序，以便利国际交通和促进海洋的和平用途，海洋资源的公平而有效的利用，海洋生物资源的养护以及研究、保护和保全海洋环境，考虑到达成这些目标将有助于实现公正公平的国际经济秩序，这种秩序将照顾到全人类的利益和需要，特别是发展中国家的特殊利益和需要，不论其为沿海国或内陆国，希望以本公约发展一九七○年十二月十七日第2749（XXV）号决议所载各项原则，联合国大会在该决议中庄严宣布，除其他外，国家管辖范围以外的海床和洋底区域及其底土以及该区域的资源为人类的共同继承财产，其勘探与开发应为全人类的利益而进行，不论各国的地理位置如何，相信在本公约中所达成的海洋法的编纂和逐渐发展，将有助于按照《联合国宪章》所载的联合国的宗旨和原则巩固各国间符合正义和权利平等原则的和平、安全、合作和友好关系，并将促进全世界人民的经济和社会方面的进展，确认本公约未予规定的事项，应继续以一般国际法的规则和原则为准据，经协议如下：第一部分用语第一条用语和范围1.为本公约的目的：（1）“‘区域’”是指国家管辖范围以外的海床和洋底及其底土。

UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA, 1982TABLE OF CONTENTSPART I INTRODUCTIONPART II TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONESECTION 1 General ProvisionsSECTION 2 Limits of the Territorial SeaSECTION 3 Innocent Passage in the Territorial SeaSECTION 4 Contiguous ZonePART III STRAITS USED FOR INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATIONSECTION 1 General ProvisionsSECTION 2 Transit PassageSECTION 3 Innocent PassagePART IV ARCHIPELAGIC STATESPART V EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONEPART VI CONTINENTAL SHELFPART VII HIGH SEASSECTION 1 General ProvisionsSECTION 2 Conservation and Management of the Living Resources ofthe High SeasPART VIII REGIME OF ISLANDSPART IX ENCLOSED OR SEMI-ENCLOSED SEASPART X RIGHT OF ACCESS OF LAND-LOCKED STATES TO AND FROM THE SEA ANDFREEDOM OF TRANSITPART XI THE AREASECTION 1 General ProvisionsSECTION 2 Principles Governing the AreaSECTION 3 Development of Resources of the AreaSECTION 4 The AuthoritySECTION 5 Settlement of Disputes and Advisory Opinions PART XII PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENTSECTION 1 General ProvisionsSECTION 2 Global and Regional Co-operationSECTION 3 Technical AssistanceSECTION 4 Monitoring and Environment Assessment SECTION 5 International Rules and National Legislation to Prevent, Reduce and Control Pollution of the Marine EnvironmentSECTION 6 EnforcementSECTION 7 SafeguardsSECTION 8 Ice-covered AreasSECTION 9 Responsibility and LiabilitySECTION 10 Sovereign ImmunitySECTION 11 Obligations under other Conventions on the Protectionand Preservation of the Marine EnvironmentPART XIII MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHSECTION 1 General ProvisionsSECTION 2 International Co-operationSECTION 3 Conduct and Promotion of Marine Scientific Research SECTION 4 Scientific Research Installations or Equipment in theMarine EnvironmentSECTION 5 Responsibility and Liability(46)-------Article 2Lists of experts1. A list of experts shall be established and maintained in respect of each of the fields of (1) fisheries, (2) protection and preservation of the marine environment, (3) marine scientific research, and (4) navigation, including pollution from vessels and by dumping.2. The lists of experts shall be drawn up and maintained, in the field of fisheries by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, in the field of protection and preservation of the marine environment by the United Nations Environment Programme, in the field of marine scientific research by the Inter-Governmental Oceanographic Commission, in the field of navigation, including pollution from vessels and by dumping, by the International Maritime Organisation, or in each case by the appropriate subsidiary body concerned to which such organisation, programme or commission has delegated this function.3. Every State Party shall be entitled to nominate two experts in each field whose competence in the legal, scientific or technical aspects of such field is established and generally recognised and who enjoy the highest reputation for fairness and integrity. The names of the persons so nominated in each field shall constitute the appropriate list.4. If at any time the experts nominated by a State Party in the list so constituted shall be fewer than two, that State Party shall be entitled to make further nominations as necessary.5. The name of an expert shall remain on the list until withdrawn by the State Party which made the nomination, provided that such expert shall continue to serve on any special arbitral tribunal to which that expert has been appointed until the completion of the proceedings before that special arbitral tribunal.Article 3Constitution of special arbitral tribunalFor the purpose of proceedings under this Annex, the special arbitral tribunal shall, unless the parties otherwise agree, be constituted as follows:(a) Subject to subparagraph (g), the special arbitral tribunalshall consist of five members.(b) The party instituting the proceedings shall appoint two member to be chosen preferably from the appropriate list or lists referred to in Article 2 of this Annex relating to the matters in dispute, one of whom may be its national. The appointment shall be included in the notification referred to in Article 2 of this Annex.(c) The other party to the dispute shall, within 30 days of receipt of the notification referred to in Article 1 of this Annex, appoint two members to be chosen preferably from the appropriate list or lists relating to the matters in dispute, one of whom may be its national. If the appointments are not made within that period, the party instituting the proceedings may, within two weeks of the expiration of that period, request that the appointments be made in accordance with subparagraph (e).(d) The parties to the dispute shall by agreement appoint the President of the special arbitral tribunal, chosen preferably from the appropriate list, who shall be a national of a third State, unless the parties otherwise agree. If, within 30 days of receipt of the notification referred to in Article 1 of this Annex, the parties are unable to reach agreement on the appointment of the President, the appointment shall be made in accordance with subparagraph (e), at the request of a party to the dispute. Such request shall be made within two weeks of the expiration of the aforementioned 30-day period.(e) Unless the parties agree that the appointment be made by a person or a third State chosen by the parties, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall make the necessary appointments within 30 days of receipt of a request under subparagraphs (c) and (d). The appointments referred to in this subparagraph shall be made from the appropriate list or lists of experts referred to in Article 2 of this Annex and in consultation with the parties to the dispute and the appropriate international organisation. The members so appointed shall be of different nationalities and may not be in the service of, ordinarily resident in the territory of, or nationals of, any of the parties to the dispute.(f) Any vacancy shall be filled in the manner prescribed for the initial appointment.(g) Parties in the same interest shall appoint two members of the tribunal jointly by agreement. Where there are several parties having separate interests or where there is disagreement as to whether they are of the same interest, each of them shall appoint one member of the tribunal.(h) In disputes involving more than two parties, the provisions of subparagraphs (a) to (f) shall apply to the maximum extent possible.Article 4General provisionsAnnex VII, Articles 4 to 13, apply mutatis mutandis to the specialarbitration proceedings in accordance with this Annex.Article 5Fact finding1. The parties to a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the provisions of this Convention relating to (1) fisheries, (2) protection and preservation of the marine environment, (3) marine scientific research, or (4) navigation, including pollution from vessels and by dumping, may at any time agree to request a special arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Article 3 of this Annex to carry out an inquiry and establish the facts giving rise to the dispute.2. Unless the parties otherwise agree, the findings of fact of the special arbitral tribunal acting in accordance with paragraph 1, shall be considered as conclusive as between the parties.3. If all the parties to the dispute so request, the special arbitral tribunal may formulate recommendations which, without having the force of a decision, shall only constitute the basis for a review by the parties of the questions giving rise to the dispute.4. Subject to paragraph 2, the special arbitral tribunal shall act in accordance with the provisions of this Annex, unless the parties otherwise agree.ANNEX IX. PARTICIPATION BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSArticle 1Use of termsFor the purposes of Article 305 and of this Annex, "international organisation" means an intergovernmental organisation constituted by States to which its member States have transferred competence over matters governed by this Convention, including the competence to enter into treaties in respect of those matters.Article 2SignatureAn international organisation may sign this Convention if a majority of its member States are signatories of this Convention. At the time of signature an international organisation shall make a declaration specifying the matters governed by this Convention in respect of which competence has been transferred to that organisation by its member States which are signatories, and the nature and extend of that competence. Article 3Formal confirmation and accession1. An international organisation may deposit its instrument of formal confirmation or of accession if a majority of its member States deposit or have deposited their instruments of ratification or accession.2. The instruments deposited by the international organisation shall contain the undertakings and declarations required by Articles 4 and 5 of this Annex.Article 4Extent of participation and rights and obligations1. The instrument of formal confirmation or of accession of an international organisation shall contain an undertaking to accept the rights and obligations of States under this Convention in respect of matters relating to which competence has been transferred to it by its member States which are Parties to this Convention.2. An international organisation shall be a Party to this Convention to the extent that it has competence in accordance with the declarations, communications of information or notifications referred to in Article 5 of this Annex.3. Such an international organisation shall exercise the rights and perform the obligations which its member States which are Parties would otherwise have under this Convention, on matters relating to which competence has been transferred to it by those member States. The member States of that international organisation shall not exercise competence which they have transferred to it.4. Participation of such an international organisation shall in no case entail an increase of the representation to which its member States which are States Parties would otherwise be entitled, including rights in decision-making.5. Participation of such an international organisation shall in no case confer any rights under this Convention on member States of the organisations which are not States Parties to this Convention.6. In the event of a conflict between the obligations of an international organisation under this Convention and its obligations under the agreement establishing the organisation or any acts relating to it, the obligations under this Convention shall prevail.Article 5Declarations, notifications and communications1. The instrument of formal confirmation or of accession of an international organisation shall contain a declaration specifying the matters governed by this Convention in respect of which competence has been transferred to the organisation by its member States which are Parties to this Convention.2. A member State of an international organisation shall, at the time it ratifies or accedes to this Convention or at the time when the organisation deposits its instrument of formal confirmation or of accession, whichever is later, make a declaration specifying the matters governed by this Convention in respect of which it has transferred competence to the organisation.3. States Parties which are member States of an international organisation which is a Party to this Convention shall be presumed to have competence over all matters governed by this Convention in respect ofwhich transfers of competence to the organisation have not been specifically declared, notified or communicated by those States under thisArticle.4. The international organisation and its member States which are States Parties shall promptly notify the depositary of this Convention of any changes to the distribution of competence, including new transfers of competence, specified in the declarations under paragraphs 1 and 2.5. Any State Party may request an international organisation and its member States which are States Parties to provide information as to which, as between the organisation and its member States, has competence in respect of any specific question which has arisen. The organisation and the member States concerned shall provide this information within a reasonable time. The international organisation and the member States may also, on their own initiative, provide this information.6. Declarations, notifications and communications of information under this Article shall specify the nature and extent of the competence transferred.Article 6Responsibility and liability1. Parties which have competence under Article 5 of this Annex shall have responsibility for failure to comply with obligations or for any other violation of this Convention.2. Any State Party may request an international organisation or its member States which are States Parties for information as to who has responsibility in respect of any specific matter. The organisation and the member States concerned shall provide this information. Failure to provide this information within a reasonable time or the provision of contradictory information shall result in joint and several liability. Article 7Settlement of disputes1. At the time of deposit of its instrument of formal confirmation or of accession, or at any time thereafter, an international organisation shall be free to choose, by means of a written declaration, one or more of the means for the settlement of disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention, referred to in Article 287, paragraph1 (a), (c) or (d).2. Part XV applies mutatis mutandis to any dispute between Parties to this Convention, one or more of which are international organisations.3. When an international organisation and one or more of its member States are joint parties to a dispute, or parties in the same interest, the organisation shall be deemed to have accepted the same procedures for the settlement of disputes as the member States: when, however, a memberState has chosen only the International Court of Justice under Article 287, the organisation and the member State concerned shall be deemed to have accepted arbitration in accordance with Annex VII, unless the parties to the dispute otherwise agree.Article 8Applicability of Part XVIIPart XVII applies mutatis mutandis to an international organisation, except in respect of the following:(a) the instrument of formal confirmation or of accession of an international organisation shall not be taken into account in the application of Article 308, paragraph 1;(b) (i) an international organisation shall have exclusive capacity with respect to the application of Articles 312 to 315, to the extent that it has competence under Article 5 of this Annex over the entire subject-matter of the amendment;(ii) the instrument of formal confirmation or of accession of an international organisation to an amendment, the entire subject-matter over which the international organisation has competence under Article 5 of this Annex, shall be considered to be the instrument of ratification or accession of each of the member States which are States Parties, for the purposes of applying Article 316, paragraphs 1, 2 and 3;(iii) the instrument of formal confirmation or of accession of the international organisation shall not be taken into account in the application of Article 316, paragraphs 1 and 2, with regard to all other amendments;(c) (i) an international organisation may not denounce this Convention in accordance with Article 317 if any of its member States is a State Party and if it continues to fulfil the qualifications specified in Article 1 of this Annex;(ii) an international organisation shall denounce this Convention when none of its member States is a State Party or if the international organisation no longer fulfils the qualifications specified in Article 1 of this Annex. Such denunciation shall take effect immediately.。

聯合國海洋法公約目錄第一部分用语 (3)第二部分领海和毗连区 (3)第一节一般规定 (3)第二节领海的界限 (4)第三节领海的无害通过 A分节适用于所有船舶的规则 (4)第三节 B分节适用于商船和用于商业目的的政府船舶的规则 (5)第三节 C分节适用于军舰和其他用于非商业目的的政府船舶的规则 (6)第四节毗连区 (6)第三部分用于国际航行的海峡 (6)第一节一般规定 (6)第二节过境通行 (6)第三节无害通过 (7)第四部分群岛国 (7)第五部分专属经济区 (8)第六部分大陆架 (11)第七部分公海 (13)第一节一般规定 (13)第二节公海生物资源的养护和管理 (15)第八部分岛屿制度 (16)第九部分闭海或半闭海 (16)第十部分陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由 (16)第十一部分 "区域” (17)第一节一般规定 (17)第二节支配“区域”的原则 (17)第三节 "区域”资源的开发 (18)第四节管理局 A分节一般规定 (20)第四节 B分节大会 (20)第四节 C分节理事会 (21)第四节 D分节秘书处 (23)第四节 E分节企业部 (24)第四节 F分节管理局的财政安排 (24)第四节 G分节法律地位、特权和豁免 (24)第五节争端的解决和咨询意见 (25)第十二部分海洋环境的保护和保全 (26)第一节一般规定 (26)第二节全球性和区域性合作 (26)第三节技术援助 (26)第四节监测和环境评价 (27)第五节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国立法 (27)第六节执行 (28)第七节保障办法 (29)第八节冰封区域 (30)第九节责任 (30)第十节主权豁免 (31)第十一节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务 (31)第十三部分海洋科学研究 (31)第一节一般规定 (31)第二节国际合作 (31)第三节海洋科学研究的进行和促进 (31)第四节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备 (33)第五节责任 (33)第六节争端的解决和临时措施 (33)第十四部分海洋技术的发展和转让 (33)第一节一般规定 (33)第二节国际合作 (34)第三节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心 (34)第四节国际组织间的合作 (34)第十五部分争端的解决 (35)第一节一般规定 (35)第二节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序 (35)第三节适用第二节的限制和例外 (36)第十六部分一般规定 (37)第十七部分最后条款 (38)全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于批准《联合国海洋法公约》的决定（1996年5月15日通过）第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议决定，批准《联合国海洋法公约》，同时声明如下：一、按照《联合国海洋法公约》的规定，中华人民国享有二百海里专属经济区和大陆架的主权权利和管辖权。

《联合国海洋法公约》于１９８２年１２月１０日在牙买加的蒙特哥湾召开的第三次联合国海洋法会议最后会议上通过，１９９４年生效，已获１５０多个国家批准。

公约规定一国可对距其海岸线２００海里（约３７０公里）的海域拥有经济专属权。

高之国当选国际海洋法法庭法官目录第Ⅰ部分用语和范围第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海第Ⅳ部分群岛国第Ⅴ部分专属经济区第Ⅵ部分大陆架第Ⅶ部分公海第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域”第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全第ＸⅢ部分海洋科学研究第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让第ＸＶ部分争端的解决第ＸＶＩ部分一般规定第ＸＶＩＩ部分最后条款附件Ⅰ高度回游鱼类（略）附件Ⅱ大陆架界限委员会附件Ⅲ探矿、勘探和开发的基本条件附件Ⅳ企业部章程附件Ⅴ调解附件Ⅵ国际海洋法法庭规约附件Ⅶ仲裁附件Ⅷ特别仲裁附件Ⅸ国际组织的参加本公约缔约各国，本着以互相谅解和合作的精神解决与海洋法有关的一切问题的愿望，并且认识到本公约对于维护和平、正义和全世界人民的进步作出重要贡献的历史意义，注意到自从１９５８年和１９６０年在日内瓦举行了联合国海洋法会议以来的种种发展，着重指出了需要有一项新的可获一般接受的海洋法公约，意识到各海洋区域的种种问题都是彼此密切相关的，有必要作为一个整体来加以考虑，认识到有需要通过本公约，在妥为顾及所有国家主权的情形下，为海洋建立一种法律秩序，以便利国际交通和促进海洋的和平用途，海洋资源的公平而有效的利用，海洋生物资源的养护以及研究、保护和保全海洋环境，考虑到达成这些目标将有助于实现公正公平的国际经济秩序，这种秩序将照顾到全人类的利益和需要，特别是发展中国家的特殊利益和需要，不论其为沿海国或内陆国，希望以本公约发展１９７０年１２月１７日第２７４９（ＸＸＶ）号决议所载各项原则，联合国大会在该决议中庄严宣布，除其他外，国家管辖范围以外的海床和洋底区域及其底土以及该区域的资源为人类的共同继承财产，其勘探与开发应为全人类的利益而进行，不论各国的地理位置如何，相信在本公约中所达成的海洋法的编纂和逐渐发展，将有助于按照《联合国宪章》所载的联合国的宗旨和原则巩固各国间符合正义和权利平等原则的和平、安全、合作和友好关系，并将促进全世界人民的经济和社会方面的进展，确认本公约未予规定的事项，应继续以一般国际法的规则和原则为准据，经协议如下：第Ⅰ部分用语和范围第１条用语和范围１．为本公约的目的：（1）“‘区域’”是指国家管辖范围以外的海床和洋底及其底土。