定语从句知识结构图解1 - 副本

图解定语从句概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。

①指人的先行词⒈先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。

He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.先行词(which替代前面所叙述的事情)①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词:引导定语的词标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)⒊定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。

①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。

定He is a teacher who works at our school.定语从句②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用的分类 (先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)语Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)从He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)句定语从句几个难点①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before.(可以省略whom/that)②关系代词在定语从句中作表语⒈关系代词的省略He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be.(可以省略that)限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略比较:Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时用that的情况She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.⒉先行词是人that/who的区别①行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those等Those who want to go to the cinema willhave to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用who用who的情况Who is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.①在非限定性定语从句中.She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.The pen with which you write is Jack’s.用which的情况③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed fromthe library which is newly open to us.①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,⒊先行词是物anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等that / which She did all that she could to help us.的区别②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much,the only,the very, the right等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and用that的情况the places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制的作用分类非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，与主句往往用逗号隔开Who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语仅用于指认Whom 在定语从句中作宾语仅用于指物：which在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语That 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语指人、物Whose 在定语从句中作定语指人、物：as 在定语从句中作主、宾语、表语当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything 等时定语当先行词前面有the only, the very, any, every, some, no, all, few, little ,much,the right, the last, just 等修饰词时从句当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时用that不关系用which代词当先行词是序数词或先行词前面有序数词修饰时当先行词即有人又有物时当主句的主语是疑问词who或者which时有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时在非限制性定语从句中，且先行词指物当定语从句中的介词提前时用which用法不用that先行词后面有插入语时先行词本身就是that时先行词为主句的一部分甚至是整个主句时先行词是指认的不定代词，如：one, ones, anyone, no one, those 等时用who不用that 在there be 结构中，先行词指人时在分隔性定语从句中When: 先行词为时间名词，在定语从句中作时间状语关系副词 Where: 先行词为地点名词，（有时地点会被”模糊化”），在定语从句中作地点状语Why: 先行词为the reason, 在定语从句中作原因状语。

定语从句框架图 Prepared on 22 November 2020限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制的作用分类非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，与主句往往用逗号隔开Who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语仅用于指认Whom 在定语从句中作宾语仅用于指物：which在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语That 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语指人、物Whose 在定语从句中作定语指人、物：as 在定语从句中作主、宾语、表语当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything 等时定语当先行词前面有the only, the very, any, every, some, no, all, few, little ,much, the right, the last, just等修饰词时从句当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时用that不关系用which代词当先行词是序数词或先行词前面有序数词修饰时当先行词即有人又有物时当主句的主语是疑问词who或者which时有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时在非限制性定语从句中，且先行词指物当定语从句中的介词提前时用which用法不用that先行词后面有插入语时先行词本身就是that时先行词为主句的一部分甚至是整个主句时先行词是指认的不定代词，如：one, ones, anyone, no one, those 等时用who不用that 在there be 结构中，先行词指人时在分隔性定语从句中When: 先行词为时间名词，在定语从句中作时间状语关系副词 Where: 先行词为地点名词，（有时地点会被”模糊化”），在定语从句中作地点状语Why: 先行词为the reason, 在定语从句中作原因状语。

定语从句知识结构图解概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。

①指人的先行词⒈先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。

He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词: 引导定语的词标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)⒊定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。

①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。

定He is a teacher who works at our school.定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)语Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)从He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons)句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)②关系代词在定语从句中作表语⒈关系代词的省略He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）①以疑问词who开头的句子中定语从句几个难点Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时用that的情况She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.⒉先行词是人that/who的区别①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have towait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一用who的情况个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.①在非限定性定语从句中.She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.The pen with which you write is Jack’s.用which的情况③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from thelibrary which is newly open to us.①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,⒊先行词是物anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等that / which的区别She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only,the very, the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and用that的情况the places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

定语从句树状图定语从句树状图在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，们知道定语从句知识的树状图？定语从句的定义关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。

（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

（which / that在句中作主语）The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。

(which / that 在句中作宾语）关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

定语从句知识结构图解概念：子来充当，①指人的先行词⒈先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。

He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词: 引导定语的词标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)⒊定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。

①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。

定He is a teacher who works at our school.定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)语Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)从He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons)句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)②关系代词在定语从句中作表语⒈关系代词的省略He is no longer the boy (that) he used to限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾Housing price is a problem (that/which)比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）①以疑问词who开头的句子中定语从句几个难点Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时用that的情况She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.⒉先行词是人that/who的区别①先行词是one, ones,anybody, all, none,those 等Those who want togo to the cinemawill have towait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一用who的情况个用whoWho is the boy thatwon the goldmedal?③在there be 结构中There are manyyoung men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.①在非限定性定语从句中.She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.The pen with which you write is Jack’s.用which的情况③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you thenovel that I borrowedfrom the librarywhich is newly opento us.①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,⒊先行词是物anything,everything, nothing, none, no one等that / which的区别She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every,no, some, little,much, the only, thevery, the right，thelast等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and用that的情况the places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

定语从句知识结构图解概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。

①指人的先行词⒈先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。

He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词: 引导定语的词标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)⒊定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。

①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。

定He is a teacher who works at our school.定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)语Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)从He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons)句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)②关系代词在定语从句中作表语⒈关系代词的省略He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）①以疑问词who开头的句子中定语从句几个难点Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时用that的情况She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.⒉先行词是人that/who的区别①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have towait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一用who的情况个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.①在非限定性定语从句中.She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.The pen with which you write is Jack’s.用which的情况③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from thelibrary which is newly open to us.①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,⒊先行词是物anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等that / which的区别She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only,the very, the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and用that的情况the places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制的作用分类非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，与主句往往用逗号隔开Who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语仅用于指认Whom 在定语从句中作宾语仅用于指物：which在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语That 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语指人、物Whose 在定语从句中作定语指人、物：as 在定语从句中作主、宾语、表语当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything 等时定语当先行词前面有the only, the very, any, every, some, no, all, few, little ,much,the right, the last, just 等修饰词时从句当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时用that不关系用which代词当先行词是序数词或先行词前面有序数词修饰时当先行词即有人又有物时当主句的主语是疑问词who或者which时有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时在非限制性定语从句中，且先行词指物当定语从句中的介词提前时用which用法不用that先行词后面有插入语时先行词本身就是that时先行词为主句的一部分甚至是整个主句时先行词是指认的不定代词，如：one, ones, anyone, no one, those 等时用who不用that 在there be 结构中，先行词指人时在分隔性定语从句中When: 先行词为时间名词，在定语从句中作时间状语关系副词Where: 先行词为地点名词，（有时地点会被”模糊化”），在定语从句中作地点状语Why: 先行词为the reason, 在定语从句中作原因状语。