胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病与冠心病(英文)-精选文档

糖尿病相关英文词汇DM 相关英文词汇小结1.Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病2.hyperglycemia 高血糖3.abnormalities 异常4.insulin secretion 胰岛素分泌5.insulin sensitivity 胰岛素敏感性6.microvascular complications 微血管并发症7.macrovascular complications 大血管并发症8.neuropathic complications 神经并发症9.ensue 出现、发生10.immune-mediated destruction pancreatic β-cells 免疫介导的胰岛β细胞损伤11.long preclinical period 亚临床期长12.transient remission 疾病短暂好转13.honeymoon phase 蜜月期of14.autoantibodies 自身抗体15.islet cell antibody 胰岛细胞抗体17.insulin antibodies 胰岛素抗体18.lipolysis 脂肪分解19.free fatty acid production 游离脂肪酸生成20.increasedhepatic glucose production 肝糖生成增加21.decreased skeletal muscle uptake of glucose 肌肉组织对葡萄糖摄取下降22.adiabetogenic lifestyle (excessive calories， inadequate exercise， and obesity) 易导致糖尿病的生活方式（能量过度摄入、锻炼不足、肥胖）23.superimposed upon 协同24.asusceptible genotype 易感基因25.glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素26.pentamidine 喷他脒27.niacin 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO128.α-interferon α-干扰素29.Impaired fasting glucose，IFG 空腹血糖受损（5.6–6.9 mmol/L）30.impaired glucose tolerance，IGT 糖耐量受损（7.8–11.40 mmol/L）31.retinopathy DM 视网膜病变32.neuropathy DM 神经病变33.nephropathy DM 肾病34.coronary heart disease 冠心病35.stroke 中风36.peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病变37.prone to developdiabetic ketoacidosis 自发酮症倾向38.severestress 严重应激39.insulincounterregulatory hormones 胰岛素对抗激素40.asymptomatic 无症状41.unrelated blood testing 随机血糖42.Lethargy 无精打采43.polyuria 多尿44.nocturia 夜尿45.polydipsia 烦渴46.Hemoglobin A1C （glycosylated hemoglobin）糖化血红蛋白（≥6.5%为诊断标准）46.Fasting plasma glucose 空腹血糖（≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)为诊断标准）47.oralglucose tolerance test (OGTT) 口服糖耐量检测48.75 g anhydrous glucose 75g 无水葡萄糖（折合82.5g 一水葡萄糖）49.Two-hour plasma glucose 2 小时血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L) 为诊断标准）50.A random plasma glucose concentration 随机血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L)为诊断标准）51.hyperglycemic crisis 高血糖危象52.positivefamily history 家族史阳性53.ameliorate symptoms of hyperglycemia 控制高血糖症状54.Glycemic Goals 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 血糖控制目标55.Preprandial plasma glucose 餐前血糖56.Postprandial plasma glucose 餐后血糖57.American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 美国临床内分泌医师学会AACE58. American College of Endocrinology 美国内分泌学会ACE59.American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病协会ADA60.aggressive management 强化控制61.smoking cessation 戒烟62.treatment of dyslipidemia 调节血脂异常63.intensiveblood pressure 强化血压控制64.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗65.dietary and exercise modifications 改变饮食锻炼习惯66.self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) 自我血糖监测67.low in saturated fat 饱和脂肪限量68.caloric restriction 控制热量69.Bedtime and betweenmealsnacks 睡前及餐间零食70.Aerobic exercise 有氧锻炼71.sedentary patients 既往运动较少的病人72.atherosclerotic disease 动脉粥样硬化疾病73.subcutaneously 皮下注射74.Humalog (insulin lispro) 赖脯胰岛素（优泌乐?）75.NovoLog (insulin aspart) 门冬胰岛素（诺和锐?）76.Apidra (insulin glulisine) 赖谷胰岛素（Apidra?，目前还没有中文名）77.Rapid-acting insulins 速效胰岛素78.Short-acting insulins 短效胰岛素79.Humulin R (regular) 优泌林?R80.Novolin R (regular) 诺和灵?R81.Intermediate-acting insulins (neutral protamine Hagedorn) 中效胰岛素（中性鱼精蛋白胰岛素， NPH）Hagedorn为发明者名字82.Humulin N 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 优泌林?N83.Novolin N 诺和灵?N84.Long-acting insulins 长效胰岛素ntus (insulin glargine) 来得时?（甘精胰岛素）86.Levemir (insulin detemir) 诺和平?（地特胰岛素）87.Premixed insulins 预混胰岛素88.Humalog Mix 75/25 (75%neutral protamine lispro,25% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX75/25（75%鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；25%赖脯胰岛素）89.Humalog Mix 50/50 (50%neutral protamine lispro,50% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX50/50（50%中性鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；50%赖脯胰岛素）90.Novolog Mix 70/30 (70% aspart protamine suspension, 30% aspart)阿福特罗诺和锐?MIX70/30(70%鱼精蛋白门冬胰岛素；30%门冬胰岛素)91.NPH-regular combinations 中效-短效组合92.Humulin 70/30 优泌林?70/3093.Novolin 70/30 诺和灵?70/3094.Exenatide (Byetta) 艾塞那肽（百泌达）GLP-195.Liraglutide (Victoza) 利拉鲁肽（诺和力）96.Pramlintide (Symlin) 普兰林肽（人胰淀素类似物）97.delayedpostmealhypoglycemia 迟发性餐后低血糖98.nocturnal hypoglycemia 夜间低血糖99.fasting hyperglycemia 空腹高血糖100.Glucagon （1 g intramuscularly）胰高血糖素（肌肉注射）101.Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)Agonists 胰高血糖素样肽1激动剂102.gastric emptying 胃排空103.Sulfonylureas 磺脲类104.equipotent doses 等效剂量105.Glipizide 格列吡嗪（普通片，控释片（XL）瑞易宁?）106.glyburide 格列本脲（普通片：Diabeta?,优降糖?；微乳制剂：Micronase?）107.Glimepiride 格列美脲(Amaryl?,亚莫利?)108.Short-acting insulin secretagogues 短效胰岛素促泌剂（餐时促泌剂）医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1109.Nateglinide 那格列奈（Starlix?，唐力?）110.Repaglinide 瑞格列奈（Prandin?，孚来迪?）111.Biguanides 双胍类112.Metformin 二甲双胍（格华止?，Glucophage?）113.Metformin extendedrelease 二甲双胍缓释片（格华止?，Glucophage XR ?）114.Thiazolidinediones 噻唑烷二酮类115.Pioglitazone 吡格列酮（艾可拓?，Actos?）116.Rosiglitazone 罗格列酮（文迪雅?，Avandia?）117.α-Glucosidase inhibitors α-糖苷酶抑制剂118.Acarbose 阿卡波糖（拜糖平?，Precose?）119.Miglitol 米格列酮（Glyset?）120.Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors 二肽基转肽酶-4抑制剂121.Sitagliptin 西格列汀（捷诺维?，Januvia?）122.Saxagliptin 沙格列汀（安立泽?，Onglyza?）123.Glyburide/metformin 格列本脲/二甲双胍（Glucovance?）124.Glipizide/metformin (N) Metaglip 格列吡嗪/二甲双胍（Metaglip?）125.Rosiglitazone/metformin 罗格列酮/二甲双胍（文达敏?， Avandamet?）126.long half-life drugs 长半衰期药物127.skip meals, 误餐128.exercise vigorously 高强度锻炼129.skin rash 皮疹130.hemolytic anemia 溶血性贫血131.GI upset 胃肠道不适132.cholestasis 胆汁淤积133.Hyponatremia 低钠血症134.glucose dependentinsulin release 葡萄糖依赖的胰岛素释放（格列奈类）135.the medication should alsobe skipped 误餐，当餐药物也无需服用136.insulin-sensitive tissues 胰岛素敏感组织137.hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissues 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 肝脏及外周（肌肉）组织138.basal-bolus therapy 基础联合餐时胰岛素方案136.glycemic lability. 血糖不稳定137.preprandial SMBGlevel 餐前血糖监测水平138.upcoming activity level 未来运动量139.anticipated carbohydrate intake 预计摄食水平140.Carbohydrate counting 碳水化合物计量141.diminish aggregation 减少聚集142.greater glycemic control 严格控制血糖143.erratic postprandial control 餐后血糖控制不佳144.judiciously titrated based on GI adverse effects andpostprandial glycemic goals 根据胃肠道不良反应及血糖控制水平调整剂量145.Symptomatic patients 有症状的患者146.worsen insulin resistance 加重胰岛素抵抗147.therapeutic lifestylemeasures 治疗性生活方式改善148.Obese patients (>120% ideal body weight) 肥胖患者（标准体重120%）149.Near-normal-weight patients 体重基本正常的患者150.disease progresses on metformintherapy 应用二甲双胍期间病情进展151.on multipletherapies 正在应用多种治疗方案152.bedtime injection 晚间（胰岛素）注射153.Intensify management 强化治疗方案154.Less intensive management 非强化治疗方案155.intact hypoglycemiaawareness 有低血糖症状（未受损伤）ed at the discretion of the clinician 在医师的监护下用药157.ophthalmologist 眼科医生158.regress 恢复ser photocoagulation 激光光凝治疗160.Paresthesias 感觉异常161.numbness 麻木162.predominant symptoms 主要症状医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 甲氧氯普胺163.tricyclic antidepressants, 三环类抗抑郁药物164.anticonvulsants 抗惊厥的药165.gabapentin 加巴喷丁166.pregabalin 普瑞巴林167.carbamazepine 卡巴咪嗪168.topiramate 托吡酯169.duloxetine, 度洛西汀170.venlafaxine, 文拉法辛171.topical capsaicin 辣椒素（表面应用）172.analgesics 止痛药173.tramadol 曲马多174.Gastroparesis 胃瘫175.Erythromycin 红霉素176.debilitating 使人虚弱的177.metoclopramide 胃复安178.orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压179.mineralocorticoids 盐皮质激素180.Diabetic diarrhea 糖尿病腹泻181.nocturnal 夜间（五更泻）182.doxycycline 多西环素183.metronidazole 甲硝唑184.Octreotide 奥曲肽185.Erectile dysfunction 勃起功能障碍186.sildenafil 西地那非187.vardenafil 伐地那非188.tadalafil 他达那非189.retarding the progression ofestablished nephropathy 延缓神经病变进程190.Diuretics 利尿剂191.volume-expanded states 容量增加状态医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 192.Claudication 跛行193.correction of dyslipidemia 纠正血脂异常194.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗195.Cilostazol 西洛他唑(Pletal?)196.select patients 选定的病人197. Local debridement 去死皮198.The National Cholesterol EducationProgram Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines 国际胆固醇教育项目成人治疗专家指南200. Niacin 烟酸201.fibrate 贝特类药物202.polyuria 多尿203.polydipsia 多饮，烦渴204. Finer insulin adjustments 更为精细的血糖调节205.nocturnal sweating 夜汗206.palpitations 心悸207.microalbuminuria 微量白蛋白尿208.albuminuria 白蛋白尿209.dilated ophthalmologic exams 散瞳查眼底210.influenza and pneumococcal vaccine 流感及肺炎疫苗。

糖尿病相关英文词汇DM 相关英文词汇小结1.Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病2.hyperglycemia 高血糖3.abnormalities 异常4.insulin secretion 胰岛素分泌5.insulin sensitivity 胰岛素敏感性6.microvascular complications 微血管并发症7.macrovascular complications 大血管并发症8.neuropathic complications 神经并发症9.ensue 出现、发生10.immune-mediated destruction pancreatic β-cells 免疫介导的胰岛β细胞损伤11.long preclinical period 亚临床期长12.transient remission 疾病短暂好转13.honeymoon phase 蜜月期of14.autoantibodies 自身抗体15.islet cell antibody 胰岛细胞抗体17.insulin antibodies 胰岛素抗体18.lipolysis 脂肪分解19.free fatty acid production 游离脂肪酸生成20.increasedhepatic glucose production 肝糖生成增加21.decreased skeletal muscle uptake of glucose 肌肉组织对葡萄糖摄取下降22.adiabetogenic lifestyle (excessive calories，inadequate exercise，and obesity) 易导致糖尿病的生活方式（能量过度摄入、锻炼不足、肥胖）23.superimposed upon 协同24.asusceptible genotype 易感基因25.glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素26.pentamidine 喷他脒27.niacin 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO128.α-interferon α-干扰素29.Impaired fasting glucose，IFG 空腹血糖受损（5.6–6.9 mmol/L）30.impaired glucose tolerance，IGT 糖耐量受损（7.8–11.40 mmol/L）31.retinopathy DM 视网膜病变32.neuropathy DM 神经病变33.nephropathy DM 肾病34.coronary heart disease 冠心病35.stroke 中风36.peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病变37.prone to developdiabetic ketoacidosis 自发酮症倾向38.severestress 严重应激39.insulincounterregulatory hormones 胰岛素对抗激素40.asymptomatic 无症状41.unrelated blood testing 随机血糖42.Lethargy 无精打采43.polyuria 多尿44.nocturia 夜尿45.polydipsia 烦渴46.Hemoglobin A1C （glycosylated hemoglobin）糖化血红蛋白（≥6.5%为诊断标准）46.Fasting plasma glucose 空腹血糖（≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)为诊断标准）47.oralglucose tolerance test (OGTT) 口服糖耐量检测48.75 g anhydrous glucose 75g 无水葡萄糖（折合82.5g 一水葡萄糖）49.Two-hour plasma glucose 2 小时血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L) 为诊断标准）50.A random plasma glucose concentration 随机血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L)为诊断标准）51.hyperglycemic crisis 高血糖危象52.positivefamily history 家族史阳性53.ameliorate symptoms of hyperglycemia 控制高血糖症状54.Glycemic Goals 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 血糖控制目标55.Preprandial plasma glucose 餐前血糖56.Postprandial plasma glucose 餐后血糖57.American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 美国临床内分泌医师学会AACE58.American College of Endocrinology 美国内分泌学会ACE59.American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病协会ADA60.aggressive management 强化控制61.smoking cessation 戒烟62.treatment of dyslipidemia 调节血脂异常63.intensiveblood pressure 强化血压控制64.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗65.dietary and exercise modifications 改变饮食锻炼习惯66.self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) 自我血糖监测67.low in saturated fat 饱和脂肪限量68.caloric restriction 控制热量69.Bedtime and betweenmealsnacks 睡前及餐间零食70.Aerobic exercise 有氧锻炼71.sedentary patients 既往运动较少的病人72.atherosclerotic disease 动脉粥样硬化疾病73.subcutaneously 皮下注射74.Humalog (insulin lispro) 赖脯胰岛素（优泌乐?）75.NovoLog (insulin aspart) 门冬胰岛素（诺和锐?）76.Apidra (insulin glulisine) 赖谷胰岛素（Apidra?，目前还没有中文名）77.Rapid-acting insulins 速效胰岛素78.Short-acting insulins 短效胰岛素79.Humulin R (regular) 优泌林?R80.Novolin R (regular) 诺和灵?R81.Intermediate-acting insulins (neutral protamine Hagedorn) 中效胰岛素（中性鱼精蛋白胰岛素，NPH）Hagedorn为发明者名字82.Humulin N 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 优泌林?N83.Novolin N 诺和灵?N84.Long-acting insulins 长效胰岛素ntus (insulin glargine) 来得时?（甘精胰岛素）86.Levemir (insulin detemir) 诺和平?（地特胰岛素）87.Premixed insulins 预混胰岛素88.Humalog Mix 75/25 (75%neutral protamine lispro,25% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX75/25（75%鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；25%赖脯胰岛素）89.Humalog Mix 50/50 (50%neutral protamine lispro,50% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX50/50（50%中性鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；50%赖脯胰岛素）90.Novolog Mix 70/30 (70% aspart protamine suspension,30% aspart)阿福特罗诺和锐?MIX70/30(70%鱼精蛋白门冬胰岛素；30%门冬胰岛素)91.NPH-regular combinations 中效-短效组合92.Humulin 70/30 优泌林?70/3093.Novolin 70/30 诺和灵?70/3094.Exenatide (Byetta) 艾塞那肽（百泌达）GLP-195.Liraglutide (Victoza) 利拉鲁肽（诺和力）96.Pramlintide (Symlin) 普兰林肽（人胰淀素类似物）97.delayedpostmealhypoglycemia 迟发性餐后低血糖98.nocturnal hypoglycemia 夜间低血糖99.fasting hyperglycemia 空腹高血糖100.Glucagon （1 g intramuscularly）胰高血糖素（肌肉注射）101.Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)Agonists 胰高血糖素样肽1激动剂102.gastric emptying 胃排空103.Sulfonylureas 磺脲类104.equipotent doses 等效剂量105.Glipizide 格列吡嗪（普通片，控释片（XL）瑞易宁?）106.glyburide 格列本脲（普通片：Diabeta?,优降糖?；微乳制剂：Micronase?）107.Glimepiride 格列美脲(Amaryl?,亚莫利?)108.Short-acting insulin secretagogues 短效胰岛素促泌剂（餐时促泌剂）医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1109.Nateglinide 那格列奈（Starlix?，唐力?）110.Repaglinide 瑞格列奈（Prandin?，孚来迪?）111.Biguanides 双胍类112.Metformin 二甲双胍（格华止?，Glucophage?）113.Metformin extendedrelease 二甲双胍缓释片（格华止?，Glucophage XR ?）114.Thiazolidinediones 噻唑烷二酮类115.Pioglitazone 吡格列酮（艾可拓?，Actos?）116.Rosiglitazone 罗格列酮（文迪雅?，Avandia?）117.α-Glucosidase inhibitors α-糖苷酶抑制剂118.Acarbose 阿卡波糖（拜糖平?，Precose?）119.Miglitol 米格列酮（Glyset?）120.Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors 二肽基转肽酶-4抑制剂121.Sitagliptin 西格列汀（捷诺维?，Januvia?）122.Saxagliptin 沙格列汀（安立泽?，Onglyza?）123.Glyburide/metformin 格列本脲/二甲双胍（Glucovance?）124.Glipizide/metformin (N) Metaglip 格列吡嗪/二甲双胍（Metaglip?）125.Rosiglitazone/metformin 罗格列酮/二甲双胍（文达敏?，Avandamet?）126.long half-life drugs 长半衰期药物127.skip meals,误餐128.exercise vigorously 高强度锻炼129.skin rash 皮疹130.hemolytic anemia 溶血性贫血131.GI upset 胃肠道不适132.cholestasis 胆汁淤积133.Hyponatremia 低钠血症134.glucose dependentinsulin release 葡萄糖依赖的胰岛素释放（格列奈类）135.the medication should alsobe skipped 误餐，当餐药物也无需服用136.insulin-sensitive tissues 胰岛素敏感组织137.hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissues 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 肝脏及外周（肌肉）组织138.basal-bolus therapy 基础联合餐时胰岛素方案136.glycemic lability.血糖不稳定137.preprandial SMBGlevel 餐前血糖监测水平138.upcoming activity level 未来运动量139.anticipated carbohydrate intake 预计摄食水平140.Carbohydrate counting 碳水化合物计量141.diminish aggregation 减少聚集142.greater glycemic control 严格控制血糖143.erratic postprandial control 餐后血糖控制不佳144.judiciously titrated based on GI adverse effects andpostprandial glycemic goals 根据胃肠道不良反应及血糖控制水平调整剂量145.Symptomatic patients 有症状的患者146.worsen insulin resistance 加重胰岛素抵抗147.therapeutic lifestylemeasures 治疗性生活方式改善148.Obese patients (>120% ideal body weight) 肥胖患者（标准体重120%）149.Near-normal-weight patients 体重基本正常的患者150.disease progresses on metformintherapy 应用二甲双胍期间病情进展151.on multipletherapies 正在应用多种治疗方案152.bedtime injection 晚间（胰岛素）注射153.Intensify management 强化治疗方案154.Less intensive management 非强化治疗方案155.intact hypoglycemiaawareness 有低血糖症状（未受损伤）ed at the discretion of the clinician 在医师的监护下用药157.ophthalmologist 眼科医生158.regress 恢复ser photocoagulation 激光光凝治疗160.Paresthesias 感觉异常161.numbness 麻木162.predominant symptoms 主要症状医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 甲氧氯普胺163.tricyclic antidepressants,三环类抗抑郁药物164.anticonvulsants 抗惊厥的药165.gabapentin 加巴喷丁166.pregabalin 普瑞巴林167.carbamazepine 卡巴咪嗪168.topiramate 托吡酯169.duloxetine,度洛西汀170.venlafaxine,文拉法辛171.topical capsaicin 辣椒素（表面应用）172.analgesics 止痛药173.tramadol 曲马多174.Gastroparesis 胃瘫175.Erythromycin 红霉素176.debilitating 使人虚弱的177.metoclopramide 胃复安178.orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压179.mineralocorticoids 盐皮质激素180.Diabetic diarrhea 糖尿病腹泻181.nocturnal 夜间（五更泻）182.doxycycline 多西环素183.metronidazole 甲硝唑184.Octreotide 奥曲肽185.Erectile dysfunction 勃起功能障碍186.sildenafil 西地那非187.vardenafil 伐地那非188.tadalafil 他达那非189.retarding the progression ofestablished nephropathy 延缓神经病变进程190.Diuretics 利尿剂191.volume-expanded states 容量增加状态医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 192.Claudication 跛行193.correction of dyslipidemia 纠正血脂异常194.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗195.Cilostazol 西洛他唑(Pletal?)196.select patients 选定的病人197.Local debridement 去死皮198.The National Cholesterol EducationProgram Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines 国际胆固醇教育项目成人治疗专家指南200.Niacin 烟酸201.fibrate 贝特类药物202.polyuria 多尿203.polydipsia 多饮，烦渴204.Finer insulin adjustments 更为精细的血糖调节205.nocturnal sweating 夜汗206.palpitations 心悸207.microalbuminuria 微量白蛋白尿208.albuminuria 白蛋白尿209.dilated ophthalmologic exams 散瞳查眼底210.influenza and pneumococcal vaccine 流感及肺炎疫苗Welcome To Download !!!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！。

糖尿病相关英文词汇DM 相关英文词汇小结1.Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病2.hyperglycemia 高血糖3.abnormalities 异常4.insulin secretion 胰岛素分泌5.insulin sensitivity 胰岛素敏感性6.microvascular complications 微血管并发症7.macrovascular complications 大血管并发症8.neuropathic complications 神经并发症9.ensue 出现、发生10.immune-mediated destruction pancreatic β-cells 免疫介导的胰岛β细胞损伤11.long preclinical period 亚临床期长12.transient remission 疾病短暂好转13.honeymoon phase 蜜月期of14.autoantibodies 自身抗体15.islet cell antibody 胰岛细胞抗体17.insulin antibodies 胰岛素抗体18.lipolysis 脂肪分解19.free fatty acid production 游离脂肪酸生成20.increasedhepatic glucose production 肝糖生成增加21.decreased skeletal muscle uptake of glucose 肌肉组织对葡萄糖摄取下降22.adiabetogenic lifestyle (excessive calories， inadequate exercise， and obesity) 易导致糖尿病的生活方式（能量过度摄入、锻炼不足、肥胖）23.superimposed upon 协同24.asusceptible genotype 易感基因25.glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素26.pentamidine 喷他脒27.niacin 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO128.α-interferon α-干扰素29.Impaired fasting glucose，IFG 空腹血糖受损（5.6–6.9 mmol/L）30.impaired glucose tolerance，IGT 糖耐量受损（7.8–11.40 mmol/L）31.retinopathy DM 视网膜病变32.neuropathy DM 神经病变33.nephropathy DM 肾病34.coronary heart disease 冠心病35.stroke 中风36.peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病变37.prone to developdiabetic ketoacidosis 自发酮症倾向38.severestress 严重应激39.insulincounterregulatory hormones 胰岛素对抗激素40.asymptomatic 无症状41.unrelated blood testing 随机血糖42.Lethargy 无精打采43.polyuria 多尿44.nocturia 夜尿45.polydipsia 烦渴46.Hemoglobin A1C （glycosylated hemoglobin）糖化血红蛋白（≥6.5%为诊断标准）46.Fasting plasma glucose 空腹血糖（≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)为诊断标准）47.oralglucose tolerance test (OGTT) 口服糖耐量检测48.75 g anhydrous glucose 75g 无水葡萄糖（折合82.5g 一水葡萄糖）49.Two-hour plasma glucose 2 小时血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L) 为诊断标准）50.A random plasma glucose concentration 随机血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L)为诊断标准）51.hyperglycemic crisis 高血糖危象52.positivefamily history 家族史阳性53.ameliorate symptoms of hyperglycemia 控制高血糖症状54.Glycemic Goals 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 血糖控制目标55.Preprandial plasma glucose 餐前血糖56.Postprandial plasma glucose 餐后血糖57.American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 美国临床内分泌医师学会AACE58. American College of Endocrinology 美国内分泌学会ACE59.American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病协会ADA60.aggressive management 强化控制61.smoking cessation 戒烟62.treatment of dyslipidemia 调节血脂异常63.intensiveblood pressure 强化血压控制64.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗65.dietary and exercise modifications 改变饮食锻炼习惯66.self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) 自我血糖监测67.low in saturated fat 饱和脂肪限量68.caloric restriction 控制热量69.Bedtime and betweenmealsnacks 睡前及餐间零食70.Aerobic exercise 有氧锻炼71.sedentary patients 既往运动较少的病人72.atherosclerotic disease 动脉粥样硬化疾病73.subcutaneously 皮下注射74.Humalog (insulin lispro) 赖脯胰岛素（优泌乐?）75.NovoLog (insulin aspart) 门冬胰岛素（诺和锐?）76.Apidra (insulin glulisine) 赖谷胰岛素（Apidra?，目前还没有中文名）77.Rapid-acting insulins 速效胰岛素78.Short-acting insulins 短效胰岛素79.Humulin R (regular) 优泌林?R80.Novolin R (regular) 诺和灵?R81.Intermediate-acting insulins (neutral protamine Hagedorn) 中效胰岛素（中性鱼精蛋白胰岛素， NPH）Hagedorn为发明者名字82.Humulin N 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 优泌林?N83.Novolin N 诺和灵?N84.Long-acting insulins 长效胰岛素ntus (insulin glargine) 来得时?（甘精胰岛素）86.Levemir (insulin detemir) 诺和平?（地特胰岛素）87.Premixed insulins 预混胰岛素88.Humalog Mix 75/25 (75%neutral protamine lispro,25% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX75/25（75%鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；25%赖脯胰岛素）89.Humalog Mix 50/50 (50%neutral protamine lispro,50% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX50/50（50%中性鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；50%赖脯胰岛素）90.Novolog Mix 70/30 (70% aspart protamine suspension, 30% aspart)阿福特罗诺和锐?MIX70/30(70%鱼精蛋白门冬胰岛素；30%门冬胰岛素)91.NPH-regular combinations 中效-短效组合92.Humulin 70/30 优泌林?70/3093.Novolin 70/30 诺和灵?70/3094.Exenatide (Byetta) 艾塞那肽（百泌达）GLP-195.Liraglutide (Victoza) 利拉鲁肽（诺和力）96.Pramlintide (Symlin) 普兰林肽（人胰淀素类似物）97.delayedpostmealhypoglycemia 迟发性餐后低血糖98.nocturnal hypoglycemia 夜间低血糖99.fasting hyperglycemia 空腹高血糖100.Glucagon （1 g intramuscularly）胰高血糖素（肌肉注射）101.Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)Agonists 胰高血糖素样肽1激动剂102.gastric emptying 胃排空103.Sulfonylureas 磺脲类104.equipotent doses 等效剂量105.Glipizide 格列吡嗪（普通片，控释片（XL）瑞易宁?）106.glyburide 格列本脲（普通片：Diabeta?,优降糖?；微乳制剂：Micronase?）107.Glimepiride 格列美脲(Amaryl?,亚莫利?)108.Short-acting insulin secretagogues 短效胰岛素促泌剂（餐时促泌剂）医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1109.Nateglinide 那格列奈（Starlix?，唐力?）110.Repaglinide 瑞格列奈（Prandin?，孚来迪?）111.Biguanides 双胍类112.Metformin 二甲双胍（格华止?，Glucophage?）113.Metformin extendedrelease 二甲双胍缓释片（格华止?，Glucophage XR ?）114.Thiazolidinediones 噻唑烷二酮类115.Pioglitazone 吡格列酮（艾可拓?，Actos?）116.Rosiglitazone 罗格列酮（文迪雅?，Avandia?）117.α-Glucosidase inhibitors α-糖苷酶抑制剂118.Acarbose 阿卡波糖（拜糖平?，Precose?）119.Miglitol 米格列酮（Glyset?）120.Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors 二肽基转肽酶-4抑制剂121.Sitagliptin 西格列汀（捷诺维?，Januvia?）122.Saxagliptin 沙格列汀（安立泽?，Onglyza?）123.Glyburide/metformin 格列本脲/二甲双胍（Glucovance?）124.Glipizide/metformin (N) Metaglip 格列吡嗪/二甲双胍（Metaglip?）125.Rosiglitazone/metformin 罗格列酮/二甲双胍（文达敏?， Avandamet?）126.long half-life drugs 长半衰期药物127.skip meals, 误餐128.exercise vigorously 高强度锻炼129.skin rash 皮疹130.hemolytic anemia 溶血性贫血131.GI upset 胃肠道不适132.cholestasis 胆汁淤积133.Hyponatremia 低钠血症134.glucose dependentinsulin release 葡萄糖依赖的胰岛素释放（格列奈类）135.the medication should alsobe skipped 误餐，当餐药物也无需服用136.insulin-sensitive tissues 胰岛素敏感组织137.hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissues 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 肝脏及外周（肌肉）组织138.basal-bolus therapy 基础联合餐时胰岛素方案136.glycemic lability. 血糖不稳定137.preprandial SMBGlevel 餐前血糖监测水平138.upcoming activity level 未来运动量139.anticipated carbohydrate intake 预计摄食水平140.Carbohydrate counting 碳水化合物计量141.diminish aggregation 减少聚集142.greater glycemic control 严格控制血糖143.erratic postprandial control 餐后血糖控制不佳144.judiciously titrated based on GI adverse effects andpostprandial glycemic goals 根据胃肠道不良反应及血糖控制水平调整剂量145.Symptomatic patients 有症状的患者146.worsen insulin resistance 加重胰岛素抵抗147.therapeutic lifestylemeasures 治疗性生活方式改善148.Obese patients (>120% ideal body weight) 肥胖患者（标准体重120%）149.Near-normal-weight patients 体重基本正常的患者150.disease progresses on metformintherapy 应用二甲双胍期间病情进展151.on multipletherapies 正在应用多种治疗方案152.bedtime injection 晚间（胰岛素）注射153.Intensify management 强化治疗方案154.Less intensive management 非强化治疗方案155.intact hypoglycemiaawareness 有低血糖症状（未受损伤）ed at the discretion of the clinician 在医师的监护下用药157.ophthalmologist 眼科医生158.regress 恢复ser photocoagulation 激光光凝治疗160.Paresthesias 感觉异常161.numbness 麻木162.predominant symptoms 主要症状医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 甲氧氯普胺163.tricyclic antidepressants, 三环类抗抑郁药物164.anticonvulsants 抗惊厥的药165.gabapentin 加巴喷丁166.pregabalin 普瑞巴林167.carbamazepine 卡巴咪嗪168.topiramate 托吡酯169.duloxetine, 度洛西汀170.venlafaxine, 文拉法辛171.topical capsaicin 辣椒素（表面应用）172.analgesics 止痛药173.tramadol 曲马多174.Gastroparesis 胃瘫175.Erythromycin 红霉素176.debilitating 使人虚弱的177.metoclopramide 胃复安178.orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压179.mineralocorticoids 盐皮质激素180.Diabetic diarrhea 糖尿病腹泻181.nocturnal 夜间（五更泻）182.doxycycline 多西环素183.metronidazole 甲硝唑184.Octreotide 奥曲肽185.Erectile dysfunction 勃起功能障碍186.sildenafil 西地那非187.vardenafil 伐地那非188.tadalafil 他达那非189.retarding the progression ofestablished nephropathy 延缓神经病变进程190.Diuretics 利尿剂191.volume-expanded states 容量增加状态医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 192.Claudication 跛行193.correction of dyslipidemia 纠正血脂异常194.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗195.Cilostazol 西洛他唑(Pletal?)196.select patients 选定的病人197. Local debridement 去死皮198.The National Cholesterol EducationProgram Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines 国际胆固醇教育项目成人治疗专家指南200. Niacin 烟酸201.fibrate 贝特类药物202.polyuria 多尿203.polydipsia 多饮，烦渴204. Finer insulin adjustments 更为精细的血糖调节205.nocturnal sweating 夜汗206.palpitations 心悸207.microalbuminuria 微量白蛋白尿208.albuminuria 白蛋白尿209.dilated ophthalmologic exams 散瞳查眼底210.influenza and pneumococcal vaccine 流感及肺炎疫苗。

糖尿病相关英文词汇DM 相关英文词汇小结1.Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病2.hyperglycemia 高血糖3.abnormalities 异常4.insulin secretion 胰岛素分泌5.insulin sensitivity 胰岛素敏感性6.microvascular complications 微血管并发症7.macrovascular complications 大血管并发症8.neuropathic complications 神经并发症9.ensue 出现、发生10.immune-mediated destruction pancreatic β-cells 免疫介导的胰岛β细胞损伤11.long preclinical period 亚临床期长12.transient remission 疾病短暂好转13.honeymoon phase 蜜月期of14.autoantibodies 自身抗体15.islet cell antibody 胰岛细胞抗体17.insulin antibodies 胰岛素抗体18.lipolysis 脂肪分解19.free fatty acid production 游离脂肪酸生成20.increasedhepatic glucose production 肝糖生成增加21.decreased skeletal muscle uptake of glucose 肌肉组织对葡萄糖摄取下降22.adiabetogenic lifestyle (excessive calories， inadequate exercise， and obesity) 易导致糖尿病的生活方式（能量过度摄入、锻炼不足、肥胖）23.superimposed upon 协同24.asusceptible genotype 易感基因25.glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素26.pentamidine 喷他脒27.niacin 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO128.α-interferon α-干扰素29.Impaired fasting glucose，IFG 空腹血糖受损（5.6–6.9 mmol/L）30.impaired glucose tolerance，IGT 糖耐量受损（7.8–11.40 mmol/L）31.retinopathy DM 视网膜病变32.neuropathy DM 神经病变33.nephropathy DM 肾病34.coronary heart disease 冠心病35.stroke 中风36.peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病变37.prone to developdiabetic ketoacidosis 自发酮症倾向38.severestress 严重应激39.insulincounterregulatory hormones 胰岛素对抗激素40.asymptomatic 无症状41.unrelated blood testing 随机血糖42.Lethargy 无精打采43.polyuria 多尿44.nocturia 夜尿45.polydipsia 烦渴46.Hemoglobin A1C （glycosylated hemoglobin）糖化血红蛋白（≥6.5%为诊断标准）46.Fasting plasma glucose 空腹血糖（≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)为诊断标准）47.oralglucose tolerance test (OGTT) 口服糖耐量检测48.75 g anhydrous glucose 75g 无水葡萄糖（折合82.5g 一水葡萄糖）49.Two-hour plasma glucose 2 小时血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L) 为诊断标准）50.A random plasma glucose concentration 随机血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L)为诊断标准）51.hyperglycemic crisis 高血糖危象52.positivefamily history 家族史阳性53.ameliorate symptoms of hyperglycemia 控制高血糖症状54.Glycemic Goals 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 血糖控制目标55.Preprandial plasma glucose 餐前血糖56.Postprandial plasma glucose 餐后血糖57.American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 美国临床内分泌医师学会AACE58. American College of Endocrinology 美国内分泌学会ACE59.American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病协会ADA60.aggressive management 强化控制61.smoking cessation 戒烟62.treatment of dyslipidemia 调节血脂异常63.intensiveblood pressure 强化血压控制64.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗65.dietary and exercise modifications 改变饮食锻炼习惯66.self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) 自我血糖监测67.low in saturated fat 饱和脂肪限量68.caloric restriction 控制热量69.Bedtime and betweenmealsnacks 睡前及餐间零食70.Aerobic exercise 有氧锻炼71.sedentary patients 既往运动较少的病人72.atherosclerotic disease 动脉粥样硬化疾病73.subcutaneously 皮下注射74.Humalog (insulin lispro) 赖脯胰岛素（优泌乐?）75.NovoLog (insulin aspart) 门冬胰岛素（诺和锐?）76.Apidra (insulin glulisine) 赖谷胰岛素（Apidra?，目前还没有中文名）77.Rapid-acting insulins 速效胰岛素78.Short-acting insulins 短效胰岛素79.Humulin R (regular) 优泌林?R80.Novolin R (regular) 诺和灵?R81.Intermediate-acting insulins (neutral protamine Hagedorn) 中效胰岛素（中性鱼精蛋白胰岛素， NPH）Hagedorn为发明者名字82.Humulin N 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 优泌林?N83.Novolin N 诺和灵?N84.Long-acting insulins 长效胰岛素ntus (insulin glargine) 来得时?（甘精胰岛素）86.Levemir (insulin detemir) 诺和平?（地特胰岛素）87.Premixed insulins 预混胰岛素88.Humalog Mix 75/25 (75%neutral protamine lispro,25% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX75/25（75%鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；25%赖脯胰岛素）89.Humalog Mix 50/50 (50%neutral protamine lispro,50% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX50/50（50%中性鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；50%赖脯胰岛素）90.Novolog Mix 70/30 (70% aspart protamine suspension, 30% aspart)阿福特罗诺和锐?MIX70/30(70%鱼精蛋白门冬胰岛素；30%门冬胰岛素)91.NPH-regular combinations 中效-短效组合92.Humulin 70/30 优泌林?70/3093.Novolin 70/30 诺和灵?70/3094.Exenatide (Byetta) 艾塞那肽（百泌达）GLP-195.Liraglutide (Victoza) 利拉鲁肽（诺和力）96.Pramlintide (Symlin) 普兰林肽（人胰淀素类似物）97.delayedpostmealhypoglycemia 迟发性餐后低血糖98.nocturnal hypoglycemia 夜间低血糖99.fasting hyperglycemia 空腹高血糖100.Glucagon （1 g intramuscularly）胰高血糖素（肌肉注射）101.Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)Agonists 胰高血糖素样肽1激动剂102.gastric emptying 胃排空103.Sulfonylureas 磺脲类104.equipotent doses 等效剂量105.Glipizide 格列吡嗪（普通片，控释片（XL）瑞易宁?）106.glyburide 格列本脲（普通片：Diabeta?,优降糖?；微乳制剂：Micronase?）107.Glimepiride 格列美脲(Amaryl?,亚莫利?)108.Short-acting insulin secretagogues 短效胰岛素促泌剂（餐时促泌剂）医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1109.Nateglinide 那格列奈（Starlix?，唐力?）110.Repaglinide 瑞格列奈（Prandin?，孚来迪?）111.Biguanides 双胍类112.Metformin 二甲双胍（格华止?，Glucophage?）113.Metformin extendedrelease 二甲双胍缓释片（格华止?，Glucophage XR ?）114.Thiazolidinediones 噻唑烷二酮类115.Pioglitazone 吡格列酮（艾可拓?，Actos?）116.Rosiglitazone 罗格列酮（文迪雅?，Avandia?）117.α-Glucosidase inhibitors α-糖苷酶抑制剂118.Acarbose 阿卡波糖（拜糖平?，Precose?）119.Miglitol 米格列酮（Glyset?）120.Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors 二肽基转肽酶-4抑制剂121.Sitagliptin 西格列汀（捷诺维?，Januvia?）122.Saxagliptin 沙格列汀（安立泽?，Onglyza?）123.Glyburide/metformin 格列本脲/二甲双胍（Glucovance?）124.Glipizide/metformin (N) Metaglip 格列吡嗪/二甲双胍（Metaglip?）125.Rosiglitazone/metformin 罗格列酮/二甲双胍（文达敏?， Avandamet?）126.long half-life drugs 长半衰期药物127.skip meals, 误餐128.exercise vigorously 高强度锻炼129.skin rash 皮疹130.hemolytic anemia 溶血性贫血131.GI upset 胃肠道不适132.cholestasis 胆汁淤积133.Hyponatremia 低钠血症134.glucose dependentinsulin release 葡萄糖依赖的胰岛素释放（格列奈类）135.the medication should alsobe skipped 误餐，当餐药物也无需服用136.insulin-sensitive tissues 胰岛素敏感组织137.hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissues 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 肝脏及外周（肌肉）组织138.basal-bolus therapy 基础联合餐时胰岛素方案136.glycemic lability. 血糖不稳定137.preprandial SMBGlevel 餐前血糖监测水平138.upcoming activity level 未来运动量139.anticipated carbohydrate intake 预计摄食水平140.Carbohydrate counting 碳水化合物计量141.diminish aggregation 减少聚集142.greater glycemic control 严格控制血糖143.erratic postprandial control 餐后血糖控制不佳144.judiciously titrated based on GI adverse effects andpostprandial glycemic goals 根据胃肠道不良反应及血糖控制水平调整剂量145.Symptomatic patients 有症状的患者146.worsen insulin resistance 加重胰岛素抵抗147.therapeutic lifestylemeasures 治疗性生活方式改善148.Obese patients (>120% ideal body weight) 肥胖患者（标准体重120%）149.Near-normal-weight patients 体重基本正常的患者150.disease progresses on metformintherapy 应用二甲双胍期间病情进展151.on multipletherapies 正在应用多种治疗方案152.bedtime injection 晚间（胰岛素）注射153.Intensify management 强化治疗方案154.Less intensive management 非强化治疗方案155.intact hypoglycemiaawareness 有低血糖症状（未受损伤）ed at the discretion of the clinician 在医师的监护下用药157.ophthalmologist 眼科医生158.regress 恢复ser photocoagulation 激光光凝治疗160.Paresthesias 感觉异常161.numbness 麻木162.predominant symptoms 主要症状医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 甲氧氯普胺163.tricyclic antidepressants, 三环类抗抑郁药物164.anticonvulsants 抗惊厥的药165.gabapentin 加巴喷丁166.pregabalin 普瑞巴林167.carbamazepine 卡巴咪嗪168.topiramate 托吡酯169.duloxetine, 度洛西汀170.venlafaxine, 文拉法辛171.topical capsaicin 辣椒素（表面应用）172.analgesics 止痛药173.tramadol 曲马多174.Gastroparesis 胃瘫175.Erythromycin 红霉素176.debilitating 使人虚弱的177.metoclopramide 胃复安178.orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压179.mineralocorticoids 盐皮质激素180.Diabetic diarrhea 糖尿病腹泻181.nocturnal 夜间（五更泻）182.doxycycline 多西环素183.metronidazole 甲硝唑184.Octreotide 奥曲肽185.Erectile dysfunction 勃起功能障碍186.sildenafil 西地那非187.vardenafil 伐地那非188.tadalafil 他达那非189.retarding the progression ofestablished nephropathy 延缓神经病变进程190.Diuretics 利尿剂191.volume-expanded states 容量增加状态医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 192.Claudication 跛行193.correction of dyslipidemia 纠正血脂异常194.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗195.Cilostazol 西洛他唑(Pletal?)196.select patients 选定的病人197. Local debridement 去死皮198.The National Cholesterol EducationProgram Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines 国际胆固醇教育项目成人治疗专家指南200. Niacin 烟酸201.fibrate 贝特类药物202.polyuria 多尿203.polydipsia 多饮，烦渴204. Finer insulin adjustments 更为精细的血糖调节205.nocturnal sweating 夜汗206.palpitations 心悸207.microalbuminuria 微量白蛋白尿208.albuminuria 白蛋白尿209.dilated ophthalmologic exams 散瞳查眼底210.influenza and pneumococcal vaccine 流感及肺炎疫苗。

冠心病合并糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗及其抵抗素相关性分析【摘要】目的探讨分析冠心病（Coronary heart disease,CHD）合并糖尿病（Diabetes mellitus,DM）患者胰岛素抵抗（Insulin Resistance，IR）及其抵抗素（Resistin, RE）的相关性。

方法入选2010年9月至2010年12月住院的冠心病合并糖尿病患者60例，入选同期住院的单纯冠心病患者60例，另取健康对照组50例。

采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法检测各组的血清RE，空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素，用后二者计算胰岛素抵抗指数（Insulin Resistance Index,IRI）。

结果与健康对照组比较，冠心病合并糖尿病组及冠心病组血清RE﹑IRI均升高；冠心病合并糖尿病组较冠心病组血清RE﹑IRI升高；相关性分析显示升高的RE与升高的IRI正相关。

结论冠心病合并糖尿病患者IRI及RE高于冠心病患者；冠心病患者IRI及RE高于健康对照组。

RE与IR呈正相关。

【Abstract】Objective To explore the correlation analysis of insulin resistance and resistance in coronary heart disease merger diabetic patients. Methods From September 2010 to December 2010, 60 cases with coronary heart disease merger diabetic patients, 60 cases with coronary artery disease simply, and 50 cases with health person were selected. Used enzyme immunosorbent method to detect each groups of serum resistance element level, fasting glucose and fasting insulin. Fasting glucose and fasting insulin were used to calculate IRI. Results Compared with healthy controls, RE and IRI were elevated in coronary heart disease merger diabetic and coronary artery disease simply patients, the patients of coronary heart disease merger diabetic were elevated obviously. They were positive related. Conclusion The IRI and RE in patients with coronary heart disease merger diabetic are higher than the patients with coronary artery disease simply. The resistance and insulin resistance are positive correlated.【Key words】Coronary heart disease; Diabetes; Insulin resistance ; Resistance elementIR是指胰岛素作用的靶器官对胰岛素作用的敏感性下降，即正常剂量的胰岛素产生低于正常生物学效应的一种状态。

糖尿病英文作文英文：Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the body is unable to produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. As a result, people with diabetes have high blood sugar levels, which can lead to a range of health problems if left untreated.Personally, I have a family history of diabetes, so I have always been aware of the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle to prevent the onset of the disease. This includes eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and monitoring my blood sugar levels.One of the challenges of living with diabetes is managing blood sugar levels throughout the day. I have to be mindful of what I eat and how much I exercise, as both of these factors can affect my blood sugar levels. I alsohave to monitor my blood sugar levels regularly and adjust my medication as needed.However, with the right management and support, people with diabetes can lead healthy, fulfilling lives. It's important to remember that diabetes is a manageable condition, and with the right care, people with diabetescan live long and healthy lives.中文：糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，影响着全球数百万人。

糖尿病相关英文词汇DM 相关英文词汇小结1.Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病2.hyperglycemia 高血糖3.abnormalities 异常4.insulin secretion 胰岛素分泌5.insulin sensitivity 胰岛素敏感性6.microvascular complications 微血管并发症7.macrovascular complications 大血管并发症8.neuropathic complications 神经并发症9.ensue 出现、发生10.immune-mediated destruction pancreatic β-cells 免疫介导的胰岛β细胞损伤11.long preclinical period 亚临床期长12.transient remission 疾病短暂好转13.honeymoon phase 蜜月期of14.autoantibodies 自身抗体15.islet cell antibody 胰岛细胞抗体17.insulin antibodies 胰岛素抗体18.lipolysis 脂肪分解19.free fatty acid production 游离脂肪酸生成20.increasedhepatic glucose production 肝糖生成增加21.decreased skeletal muscle uptake of glucose 肌肉组织对葡萄糖摄取下降22.adiabetogenic lifestyle (excessive calories， inadequate exercise， and obesity) 易导致糖尿病的生活方式（能量过度摄入、锻炼不足、肥胖）23.superimposed upon 协同24.asusceptible genotype 易感基因25.glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素26.pentamidine 喷他脒27.niacin 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO128.α-interferon α-干扰素29.Impaired fasting glucose，IFG 空腹血糖受损（5.6–6.9 mmol/L）30.impaired glucose tolerance，IGT 糖耐量受损（7.8–11.40 mmol/L）31.retinopathy DM 视网膜病变32.neuropathy DM 神经病变33.nephropathy DM 肾病34.coronary heart disease 冠心病35.stroke 中风36.peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病变37.prone to developdiabetic ketoacidosis 自发酮症倾向38.severestress 严重应激39.insulincounterregulatory hormones 胰岛素对抗激素40.asymptomatic 无症状41.unrelated blood testing 随机血糖42.Lethargy 无精打采43.polyuria 多尿44.nocturia 夜尿45.polydipsia 烦渴46.Hemoglobin A1C （glycosylated hemoglobin）糖化血红蛋白（≥6.5%为诊断标准）46.Fasting plasma glucose 空腹血糖（≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)为诊断标准）47.oralglucose tolerance test (OGTT) 口服糖耐量检测48.75 g anhydrous glucose 75g 无水葡萄糖（折合82.5g 一水葡萄糖）49.Two-hour plasma glucose 2 小时血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L) 为诊断标准）50.A random plasma glucose concentration 随机血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L)为诊断标准）51.hyperglycemic crisis 高血糖危象52.positivefamily history 家族史阳性53.ameliorate symptoms of hyperglycemia 控制高血糖症状54.Glycemic Goals 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 血糖控制目标55.Preprandial plasma glucose 餐前血糖56.Postprandial plasma glucose 餐后血糖57.American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 美国临床内分泌医师学会AACE58. American College of Endocrinology 美国内分泌学会ACE59.American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病协会ADA60.aggressive management 强化控制61.smoking cessation 戒烟62.treatment of dyslipidemia 调节血脂异常63.intensiveblood pressure 强化血压控制64.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗65.dietary and exercise modifications 改变饮食锻炼习惯66.self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) 自我血糖监测67.low in saturated fat 饱和脂肪限量68.caloric restriction 控制热量69.Bedtime and betweenmealsnacks 睡前及餐间零食70.Aerobic exercise 有氧锻炼71.sedentary patients 既往运动较少的病人72.atherosclerotic disease 动脉粥样硬化疾病73.subcutaneously 皮下注射74.Humalog (insulin lispro) 赖脯胰岛素（优泌乐?）75.NovoLog (insulin aspart) 门冬胰岛素（诺和锐?）76.Apidra (insulin glulisine) 赖谷胰岛素（Apidra?，目前还没有中文名）77.Rapid-acting insulins 速效胰岛素78.Short-acting insulins 短效胰岛素79.Humulin R (regular) 优泌林?R80.Novolin R (regular) 诺和灵?R81.Intermediate-acting insulins (neutral protamine Hagedorn) 中效胰岛素（中性鱼精蛋白胰岛素， NPH）Hagedorn为发明者名字82.Humulin N 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 优泌林?N83.Novolin N 诺和灵?N84.Long-acting insulins 长效胰岛素ntus (insulin glargine) 来得时?（甘精胰岛素）86.Levemir (insulin detemir) 诺和平?（地特胰岛素）87.Premixed insulins 预混胰岛素88.Humalog Mix 75/25 (75%neutral protamine lispro,25% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX75/25（75%鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；25%赖脯胰岛素）89.Humalog Mix 50/50 (50%neutral protamine lispro,50% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX50/50（50%中性鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；50%赖脯胰岛素）90.Novolog Mix 70/30 (70% aspart protamine suspension, 30% aspart)阿福特罗诺和锐?MIX70/30(70%鱼精蛋白门冬胰岛素；30%门冬胰岛素)91.NPH-regular combinations 中效-短效组合92.Humulin 70/30 优泌林?70/3093.Novolin 70/30 诺和灵?70/3094.Exenatide (Byetta) 艾塞那肽（百泌达）GLP-195.Liraglutide (Victoza) 利拉鲁肽（诺和力）96.Pramlintide (Symlin) 普兰林肽（人胰淀素类似物）97.delayedpostmealhypoglycemia 迟发性餐后低血糖98.nocturnal hypoglycemia 夜间低血糖99.fasting hyperglycemia 空腹高血糖100.Glucagon （1 g intramuscularly）胰高血糖素（肌肉注射）101.Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)Agonists 胰高血糖素样肽1激动剂102.gastric emptying 胃排空103.Sulfonylureas 磺脲类104.equipotent doses 等效剂量105.Glipizide 格列吡嗪（普通片，控释片（XL）瑞易宁?）106.glyburide 格列本脲（普通片：Diabeta?,优降糖?；微乳制剂：Micronase?）107.Glimepiride 格列美脲(Amaryl?,亚莫利?)108.Short-acting insulin secretagogues 短效胰岛素促泌剂（餐时促泌剂）医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1109.Nateglinide 那格列奈（Starlix?，唐力?）110.Repaglinide 瑞格列奈（Prandin?，孚来迪?）111.Biguanides 双胍类112.Metformin 二甲双胍（格华止?，Glucophage?）113.Metformin extendedrelease 二甲双胍缓释片（格华止?，Glucophage XR ?）114.Thiazolidinediones 噻唑烷二酮类115.Pioglitazone 吡格列酮（艾可拓?，Actos?）116.Rosiglitazone 罗格列酮（文迪雅?，Avandia?）117.α-Glucosidase inhibitors α-糖苷酶抑制剂118.Acarbose 阿卡波糖（拜糖平?，Precose?）119.Miglitol 米格列酮（Glyset?）120.Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors 二肽基转肽酶-4抑制剂121.Sitagliptin 西格列汀（捷诺维?，Januvia?）122.Saxagliptin 沙格列汀（安立泽?，Onglyza?）123.Glyburide/metformin 格列本脲/二甲双胍（Glucovance?）124.Glipizide/metformin (N) Metaglip 格列吡嗪/二甲双胍（Metaglip?）125.Rosiglitazone/metformin 罗格列酮/二甲双胍（文达敏?， Avandamet?）126.long half-life drugs 长半衰期药物127.skip meals, 误餐128.exercise vigorously 高强度锻炼129.skin rash 皮疹130.hemolytic anemia 溶血性贫血131.GI upset 胃肠道不适132.cholestasis 胆汁淤积133.Hyponatremia 低钠血症134.glucose dependentinsulin release 葡萄糖依赖的胰岛素释放（格列奈类）135.the medication should alsobe skipped 误餐，当餐药物也无需服用136.insulin-sensitive tissues 胰岛素敏感组织137.hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissues 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 肝脏及外周（肌肉）组织138.basal-bolus therapy 基础联合餐时胰岛素方案136.glycemic lability. 血糖不稳定137.preprandial SMBGlevel 餐前血糖监测水平138.upcoming activity level 未来运动量139.anticipated carbohydrate intake 预计摄食水平140.Carbohydrate counting 碳水化合物计量141.diminish aggregation 减少聚集142.greater glycemic control 严格控制血糖143.erratic postprandial control 餐后血糖控制不佳144.judiciously titrated based on GI adverse effects andpostprandial glycemic goals 根据胃肠道不良反应及血糖控制水平调整剂量145.Symptomatic patients 有症状的患者146.worsen insulin resistance 加重胰岛素抵抗147.therapeutic lifestylemeasures 治疗性生活方式改善148.Obese patients (>120% ideal body weight) 肥胖患者（标准体重120%）149.Near-normal-weight patients 体重基本正常的患者150.disease progresses on metformintherapy 应用二甲双胍期间病情进展151.on multipletherapies 正在应用多种治疗方案152.bedtime injection 晚间（胰岛素）注射153.Intensify management 强化治疗方案154.Less intensive management 非强化治疗方案155.intact hypoglycemiaawareness 有低血糖症状（未受损伤）ed at the discretion of the clinician 在医师的监护下用药157.ophthalmologist 眼科医生158.regress 恢复ser photocoagulation 激光光凝治疗160.Paresthesias 感觉异常161.numbness 麻木162.predominant symptoms 主要症状医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 甲氧氯普胺163.tricyclic antidepressants, 三环类抗抑郁药物164.anticonvulsants 抗惊厥的药165.gabapentin 加巴喷丁166.pregabalin 普瑞巴林167.carbamazepine 卡巴咪嗪168.topiramate 托吡酯169.duloxetine, 度洛西汀170.venlafaxine, 文拉法辛171.topical capsaicin 辣椒素（表面应用）172.analgesics 止痛药173.tramadol 曲马多174.Gastroparesis 胃瘫175.Erythromycin 红霉素176.debilitating 使人虚弱的177.metoclopramide 胃复安178.orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压179.mineralocorticoids 盐皮质激素180.Diabetic diarrhea 糖尿病腹泻181.nocturnal 夜间（五更泻）182.doxycycline 多西环素183.metronidazole 甲硝唑184.Octreotide 奥曲肽185.Erectile dysfunction 勃起功能障碍186.sildenafil 西地那非187.vardenafil 伐地那非188.tadalafil 他达那非189.retarding the progression ofestablished nephropathy 延缓神经病变进程190.Diuretics 利尿剂191.volume-expanded states 容量增加状态医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 192.Claudication 跛行193.correction of dyslipidemia 纠正血脂异常194.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗195.Cilostazol 西洛他唑(Pletal?)196.select patients 选定的病人197. Local debridement 去死皮198.The National Cholesterol EducationProgram Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines 国际胆固醇教育项目成人治疗专家指南200. Niacin 烟酸201.fibrate 贝特类药物202.polyuria 多尿203.polydipsia 多饮，烦渴204. Finer insulin adjustments 更为精细的血糖调节205.nocturnal sweating 夜汗206.palpitations 心悸207.microalbuminuria 微量白蛋白尿208.albuminuria 白蛋白尿209.dilated ophthalmologic exams 散瞳查眼底210.influenza and pneumococcal vaccine 流感及肺炎疫苗。

糖尿病相关英文词汇DM 相关英文词汇小结1.Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病2.hyperglycemia 高血糖3.abnormalities 异常4.insulin secretion 胰岛素分泌5.insulin sensitivity 胰岛素敏感性6.microvascular complications 微血管并发症7.macrovascular complications 大血管并发症8.neuropathic complications 神经并发症9.ensue 出现、发生10.immune-mediated destruction pancreatic β-cells 免疫介导的胰岛β细胞损伤11.long preclinical period 亚临床期长12.transient remission 疾病短暂好转13.honeymoon phase 蜜月期of14.autoantibodies 自身抗体15.islet cell antibody 胰岛细胞抗体17.insulin antibodies 胰岛素抗体18.lipolysis 脂肪分解19.free fatty acid production 游离脂肪酸生成20.increasedhepatic glucose production 肝糖生成增加21.decreased skeletal muscle uptake of glucose 肌肉组织对葡萄糖摄取下降22.adiabetogenic lifestyle (excessive calories，inadequate exercise，and obesity) 易导致糖尿病的生活方式（能量过度摄入、锻炼不足、肥胖）23.superimposed upon 协同24.asusceptible genotype 易感基因25.glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素26.pentamidine 喷他脒27.niacin 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO128.α-interferon α-干扰素29.Impaired fasting glucose，IFG 空腹血糖受损（5.6–6.9 mmol/L）30.impaired glucose tolerance，IGT 糖耐量受损（7.8–11.40 mmol/L）31.retinopathy DM 视网膜病变32.neuropathy DM 神经病变33.nephropathy DM 肾病34.coronary heart disease 冠心病35.stroke 中风36.peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病变37.prone to developdiabetic ketoacidosis 自发酮症倾向38.severestress 严重应激39.insulincounterregulatory hormones 胰岛素对抗激素40.asymptomatic 无症状41.unrelated blood testing 随机血糖42.Lethargy 无精打采43.polyuria 多尿44.nocturia 夜尿45.polydipsia 烦渴46.Hemoglobin A1C （glycosylated hemoglobin）糖化血红蛋白（≥6.5%为诊断标准）46.Fasting plasma glucose 空腹血糖（≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)为诊断标准）47.oralglucose tolerance test (OGTT) 口服糖耐量检测48.75 g anhydrous glucose 75g 无水葡萄糖（折合82.5g 一水葡萄糖）49.Two-hour plasma glucose 2 小时血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L) 为诊断标准）50.A random plasma glucose concentration 随机血糖（≥200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L)为诊断标准）51.hyperglycemic crisis 高血糖危象52.positivefamily history 家族史阳性53.ameliorate symptoms of hyperglycemia 控制高血糖症状54.Glycemic Goals 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 血糖控制目标55.Preprandial plasma glucose 餐前血糖56.Postprandial plasma glucose 餐后血糖57.American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 美国临床内分泌医师学会AACE58.American College of Endocrinology 美国内分泌学会ACE59.American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病协会ADA60.aggressive management 强化控制61.smoking cessation 戒烟62.treatment of dyslipidemia 调节血脂异常63.intensiveblood pressure 强化血压控制64.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗65.dietary and exercise modifications 改变饮食锻炼习惯66.self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) 自我血糖监测67.low in saturated fat 饱和脂肪限量68.caloric restriction 控制热量69.Bedtime and betweenmealsnacks 睡前及餐间零食70.Aerobic exercise 有氧锻炼71.sedentary patients 既往运动较少的病人72.atherosclerotic disease 动脉粥样硬化疾病73.subcutaneously 皮下注射74.Humalog (insulin lispro) 赖脯胰岛素（优泌乐?）75.NovoLog (insulin aspart) 门冬胰岛素（诺和锐?）76.Apidra (insulin glulisine) 赖谷胰岛素（Apidra?，目前还没有中文名）77.Rapid-acting insulins 速效胰岛素78.Short-acting insulins 短效胰岛素79.Humulin R (regular) 优泌林?R80.Novolin R (regular) 诺和灵?R81.Intermediate-acting insulins (neutral protamine Hagedorn) 中效胰岛素（中性鱼精蛋白胰岛素，NPH）Hagedorn为发明者名字82.Humulin N 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 优泌林?N83.Novolin N 诺和灵?N84.Long-acting insulins 长效胰岛素ntus (insulin glargine) 来得时?（甘精胰岛素）86.Levemir (insulin detemir) 诺和平?（地特胰岛素）87.Premixed insulins 预混胰岛素88.Humalog Mix 75/25 (75%neutral protamine lispro,25% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX75/25（75%鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；25%赖脯胰岛素）89.Humalog Mix 50/50 (50%neutral protamine lispro,50% lispro) 优泌乐?MIX50/50（50%中性鱼精蛋白赖脯胰岛素；50%赖脯胰岛素）90.Novolog Mix 70/30 (70% aspart protamine suspension,30% aspart)阿福特罗诺和锐?MIX70/30(70%鱼精蛋白门冬胰岛素；30%门冬胰岛素)91.NPH-regular combinations 中效-短效组合92.Humulin 70/30 优泌林?70/3093.Novolin 70/30 诺和灵?70/3094.Exenatide (Byetta) 艾塞那肽（百泌达）GLP-195.Liraglutide (Victoza) 利拉鲁肽（诺和力）96.Pramlintide (Symlin) 普兰林肽（人胰淀素类似物）97.delayedpostmealhypoglycemia 迟发性餐后低血糖98.nocturnal hypoglycemia 夜间低血糖99.fasting hyperglycemia 空腹高血糖100.Glucagon （1 g intramuscularly）胰高血糖素（肌肉注射）101.Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)Agonists 胰高血糖素样肽1激动剂102.gastric emptying 胃排空103.Sulfonylureas 磺脲类104.equipotent doses 等效剂量105.Glipizide 格列吡嗪（普通片，控释片（XL）瑞易宁?）106.glyburide 格列本脲（普通片：Diabeta?,优降糖?；微乳制剂：Micronase?）107.Glimepiride 格列美脲(Amaryl?,亚莫利?)108.Short-acting insulin secretagogues 短效胰岛素促泌剂（餐时促泌剂）医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1109.Nateglinide 那格列奈（Starlix?，唐力?）110.Repaglinide 瑞格列奈（Prandin?，孚来迪?）111.Biguanides 双胍类112.Metformin 二甲双胍（格华止?，Glucophage?）113.Metformin extendedrelease 二甲双胍缓释片（格华止?，Glucophage XR ?）114.Thiazolidinediones 噻唑烷二酮类115.Pioglitazone 吡格列酮（艾可拓?，Actos?）116.Rosiglitazone 罗格列酮（文迪雅?，Avandia?）117.α-Glucosidase inhibitors α-糖苷酶抑制剂118.Acarbose 阿卡波糖（拜糖平?，Precose?）119.Miglitol 米格列酮（Glyset?）120.Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors 二肽基转肽酶-4抑制剂121.Sitagliptin 西格列汀（捷诺维?，Januvia?）122.Saxagliptin 沙格列汀（安立泽?，Onglyza?）123.Glyburide/metformin 格列本脲/二甲双胍（Glucovance?）124.Glipizide/metformin (N) Metaglip 格列吡嗪/二甲双胍（Metaglip?）125.Rosiglitazone/metformin 罗格列酮/二甲双胍（文达敏?，Avandamet?）126.long half-life drugs 长半衰期药物127.skip meals,误餐128.exercise vigorously 高强度锻炼129.skin rash 皮疹130.hemolytic anemia 溶血性贫血131.GI upset 胃肠道不适132.cholestasis 胆汁淤积133.Hyponatremia 低钠血症134.glucose dependentinsulin release 葡萄糖依赖的胰岛素释放（格列奈类）135.the medication should alsobe skipped 误餐，当餐药物也无需服用136.insulin-sensitive tissues 胰岛素敏感组织137.hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissues 医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 肝脏及外周（肌肉）组织138.basal-bolus therapy 基础联合餐时胰岛素方案136.glycemic lability.血糖不稳定137.preprandial SMBGlevel 餐前血糖监测水平138.upcoming activity level 未来运动量139.anticipated carbohydrate intake 预计摄食水平140.Carbohydrate counting 碳水化合物计量141.diminish aggregation 减少聚集142.greater glycemic control 严格控制血糖143.erratic postprandial control 餐后血糖控制不佳144.judiciously titrated based on GI adverse effects andpostprandial glycemic goals 根据胃肠道不良反应及血糖控制水平调整剂量145.Symptomatic patients 有症状的患者146.worsen insulin resistance 加重胰岛素抵抗147.therapeutic lifestylemeasures 治疗性生活方式改善148.Obese patients (>120% ideal body weight) 肥胖患者（标准体重120%）149.Near-normal-weight patients 体重基本正常的患者150.disease progresses on metformintherapy 应用二甲双胍期间病情进展151.on multipletherapies 正在应用多种治疗方案152.bedtime injection 晚间（胰岛素）注射153.Intensify management 强化治疗方案154.Less intensive management 非强化治疗方案155.intact hypoglycemiaawareness 有低血糖症状（未受损伤）ed at the discretion of the clinician 在医师的监护下用药157.ophthalmologist 眼科医生158.regress 恢复ser photocoagulation 激光光凝治疗160.Paresthesias 感觉异常161.numbness 麻木162.predominant symptoms 主要症状医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 甲氧氯普胺163.tricyclic antidepressants,三环类抗抑郁药物164.anticonvulsants 抗惊厥的药165.gabapentin 加巴喷丁166.pregabalin 普瑞巴林167.carbamazepine 卡巴咪嗪168.topiramate 托吡酯169.duloxetine,度洛西汀170.venlafaxine,文拉法辛171.topical capsaicin 辣椒素（表面应用）172.analgesics 止痛药173.tramadol 曲马多174.Gastroparesis 胃瘫175.Erythromycin 红霉素176.debilitating 使人虚弱的177.metoclopramide 胃复安178.orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压179.mineralocorticoids 盐皮质激素180.Diabetic diarrhea 糖尿病腹泻181.nocturnal 夜间（五更泻）182.doxycycline 多西环素183.metronidazole 甲硝唑184.Octreotide 奥曲肽185.Erectile dysfunction 勃起功能障碍186.sildenafil 西地那非187.vardenafil 伐地那非188.tadalafil 他达那非189.retarding the progression ofestablished nephropathy 延缓神经病变进程190.Diuretics 利尿剂191.volume-expanded states 容量增加状态医学英文词汇小结-ENDO1 192.Claudication 跛行193.correction of dyslipidemia 纠正血脂异常194.antiplatelet therapy 抗血小板治疗195.Cilostazol 西洛他唑(Pletal?)196.select patients 选定的病人197.Local debridement 去死皮198.The National Cholesterol EducationProgram Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines 国际胆固醇教育项目成人治疗专家指南200.Niacin 烟酸201.fibrate 贝特类药物202.polyuria 多尿203.polydipsia 多饮，烦渴204.Finer insulin adjustments 更为精细的血糖调节205.nocturnal sweating 夜汗206.palpitations 心悸207.microalbuminuria 微量白蛋白尿208.albuminuria 白蛋白尿209.dilated ophthalmologic exams 散瞳查眼底210.influenza and pneumococcal vaccine 流感及肺炎疫苗Welcome To Download !!!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！。