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Unite5Part one1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10C D B C B D B B C APart two1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9A C DB A ACD APart three1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10D B B B C D B B A A11 12 13 14 15A B B B DPart fourThe milita ry aspect of the United States CivilWar has always attrac ted the most attent ion from schola rs. The roar of(1)gunfir e, the massed movem e n ts of(2)unifor med men, the shrill o f bugles, and the dramaof hand to hand combat have(3)facina ted studen ts of warfar e for a centur y. Behin d the (4)lines,howeve r, life was less specta cular. It was the storyof (5)back breaki ng laborto provid e the fighti ng men with food and arms, of nervetingli ng uncert ainty aboutthe course of nation al events, of (6)heartb reakover sons or brothe rs or husban ds lost in (7)battle.If the men on the firing line won the victor ies, the(8)meansto thosevictories were forged on the home front.(9)Neverin the nation's histor y had Americ ans worked harder for victor y than in the CivilWar. Northe rners and Southe rners alikethrewthemse lvesinto the task of supply ing their r espec tivearmies. Both govern ments made tremen dousdemand s upon civil i a ns and, in genera l, receiv ed willin g cooper ation s.By 1863 the Northe rn war econom y was rumbli ng alongin high gear. Every t h ingfrom steamb oatsto shovel s was needed and produc ed. Denied South e r n cotton, textil e millsturned to wool for blanke ts and unifor ms. Hides b y the hundre ds of thousa nds were turned into shoesand harnes s and saddle s; ironwo rks manufa cture d locomo tives, ordnan ce, armorplate. Whereprivat e enterp riselagged, the govern mentset up its own factor ies or arsena ls.(10) Agricu lture boomed, with machin ery doingthe job of farm worker s who have been drawninto the army. In short,everyt hingthat a nation needed to fight a modern war was produc ed in uncoun ted number s. Inevit ablytherewere profit eerswith gold headed canesand flambo yant d iamon d stickp ins, but for everycrooke d tycoon therewere thousa nds of ordina ry citize ns (11)living on fixedincome s who did theirbest to cope with rising prices and stillmake a contri butio n to the war effort.Those w ho couldbought war bonds;others knitte d, sewed,nursed, or lent any otherassist ancein theirpowerSome pessim istic histor iansthinkthe wholesociet y of man runs in cycle s and that one of the phases is war.The(12) optimi sts,on the otherhand,thinkwar is not like an (13)eclips e (日食) or a floodor a spell o f bad weathe r.They believ e that it is more like a diseas e for which a (14)cure couldbe foundif the (15)causes were known.Becaus e war is the (16)ultima te dramaof life and deathstorie s and pictur es of it are more intere sting than thoseaboutpeace.This is so true that all of us,and perhap s thoseof us in televi sionmore than most,are often(17)caught up in the action of war to the exclus ion of the ideas o f it.If it is true,as we wouldlike to thinkit is,that our age is more (18)civili zed than ages past,we must all agreethat it’s very strang e that in the twenti eth centur y,our centur y,we have killed more than 70 millio n of our fellow men on(19)purpos e,at war.It is very strang e that since1900 more men have killed more othermen than in any otherseven t y yearsin histor y.Probab ly the reason we are able to do both, that is,(20)believ e on the one hand that we are more civili zed and on the otherhand wage war to kill －is that killin g is not so person al an affair as it once was.The enemy i s invisi ble.(21)One man doesn’t look anothe r in the eye and kill him with the sword.The enemydead or aliveis largel y unseen.He is killed by remote contro l: a loud noise,a distan t puff of smokeand then silenc e. The pictur es of the victim’s wife and childr en,whichhe carrie s in his breast pocket,are destro yed with him.He is not heardto cry out.The questi on of compas sionor pity or remors e does not enterinto it.The enemy i s not a man;he is a statis tic.(22)It is also true that more people are beingkilled at war now than previo uslybecaus e we’re better at doing i t than we used to be.One man with one modern weapon can kill thousa nds.。
大学体验英语视听说2UNIT5原文UNIT 5Path to LeadershipLesson 1 Audio ScriptNelson Mandela, one of the world?s most revered statesmen, led the struggle to replace the apartheid regime of South Africa with a multi-racial democracy. Jailed for 27 years, he emerged to become the country?s first black president and to play a leading role in the drive for peace in other spheres of conflict. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. His charisma, self-depreciating sense of humor and lack of bitterness over his harsh treatment, as well as his amazing life story, partly explain his extraordinary global appeal.Since stepping down as president in 1999, Mandela has become South Africa?s highest-profile ambassador, campaigning against HIV/AIDS and securing his country?s bid to host the 2010 footb all World Cup.Mandela was also involved in peace negotiations in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi and other African countries. He has also encouraged peace efforts in other areas of the world.In 2004, at the age of 85, Mandela retired from public life to spend more time with his family and friends and engage in “quiet reflection.”“Don?t call me, I?ll call you,” he warned anyone thinking of inviting him to future engagements.Lesson 1 Video ScriptIn the fall of 1979, Barack Obama said goodbye to his family and began his first year at Occidental. He became friends withseveral black students, but no matter how hard he tried he just didn?t see himself as one of them.“It was very important for him to figure out what it meant to be a part of the black community. He was an American. He was a black American. And he, I think, needed to figure out what that was.”At the end of his sophomore year, Obama transferred to Columbia University in New York. He hoped to find his place in the cit y?s diverse population. Once there, Obama took long walks through New York?s ethnic neighborhoods. Obama became more disciplined. He ran three miles a day and studied harder. He also turned to books for answers about race and social injustice.“He basically wasn?t going out much. He was reading Nietzsche, and Gandhi, and absorbing just everything he could.”His work gained momentum, and he stopped using drugs.“He was ready for a battle, and he was growing up. He had to figure out what he was going todo for the rest of his life.”ScriptObama stayed focused on his studies and began to think about life after college. He eventually decided to pursue a career as a community organizer, where he hoped to confront the kind of racism and poverty that had troubled him for most of his life. After graduation, he took a job with a Chicago-based group called DevelopingCommunities Project. He moved to the city?s South Sideand began working to improve the conditions in a public housing project called Alt-Geld Gardens.Over the next few years, Obama succeeded at variousprojects, including school reform, hazardous waste cleanup and establishing a job training center.“It became clear to him that so muc h of the struggle of people who had been left behindinvolved laws and that, if he was to be an advocate, that he needed to be credentialed in the law.”Obama set his sights high and applied to Harvard Law School. He was accepted and took outhefty student loans to pay his tuition.Lesson 2 Audio ScriptThe following things may help you make your goals and dreams become a reality. Set clear long-term and short-term goals. Make sure that you?re motivated by and committed to the goals you?ve set for yourself so that you?re willing to take the necessary steps to reach those goals successfully.Stay focused on your goals once you?ve set them. It?s easy to stray off course, but by keeping your goals in sight, you can work towards them every day.Overcome obstacles. No one ever said that reaching your goals and obtaining success was easy.If you truly desire success in life, you must be willing to overcome obstacles on the way to reaching your goals and dreams.Approach your goals and dreams with a positive attitude. Having a negative attitude and thinkin g that you can?t accomplish your goals and be successful in life will only slow you down. Stay positive even if the road gets tough, and you?ll be that much closer to achieving success.Be flexible and creative. Things may not always turn out the way you?d hoped or planned, but by being flexible and creative,you?ll be able to think of new, more efficient ways to reach your goals.Lesson 2 Video Script“Well, thank you for that kind introduction.”Everybody knows his accomplishments: founder of Microsoft, creator of Windows, world?s richest man for most of his career and now Co-Chair of the world?s largest charitable foundation. What was Bill Gates like before he was Bill Gates In exclusive interviews provided to us by Microsoft, family members and Microsoft colleagues provide their own memories of what Bill Gates was like when he was young and what life has been like with him in Microsoft. Bill Gates was born Oct. 28th, 1955 in Seattle to a very prominent family. His father was a lawyer. His mother was very engaged in public matters. And from the beginning of his life, he was really intense and displayed an unusual intelligence. By the time he was in sixth grade, he was already involved in technology and computing and doing things that would be very unusual for most children. He was a very unusual child, very intense, very intelligent from the beginning. And those qualities really help define thecompany that he would later found.“We have a very competitive family, an d I think the competivene ss started very young with card games. My brother likes to think of himself as sort of the best at everything, and it turns out he is a pretty darn good pickleball player.”Script“The family is going somewhere together and the ot her four of us upstairs, getting, gonna get into the car. And …Bill where are you, what are you doing?? and all that sort of thing. And on one occasion in particular he hollered back up. Hesaid, …Mother I?m thinking. Don?t you ever think?? And Mary and I looked at each other an d we sort of, …Well I wonder if we ever do think??”“ My parents were great about sharing their experiences, my Dad talking about different lawsuits he was in, my Mom talking about some of the challenges in the board and non-profit work she was doing. And so from an early age, my sisters and I felt like business problems were something that we could understand and think about. And from an early age, I got a chance to think about well, what do I want to choose to do? And that got me reading magazines, some books, Fortune magazine. And when the computer came along, the idea of starting a business around it was a fairly natural thing."Eager to make his mark on the emerging personal computer industry, which was still tiny, Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard in 1975 after only three semesters and founded Microsoft with his childhood friend Paul Allen.Home ListeningA person?s motivation is combination of desire and energy directed at achievinga goal. 1)influencing someone?s motivation means getting him or her to want to do what you know must be done.People can be motivated by beliefs, values, interests, fear,2)worthy causes, and other such forces. Some of these forces are3) internal, such as needs, interests, and beliefs. Others are external, such as danger, the environment, or 4)pressure from a loved one. There is no simple formula for motivation —you must keep an open viewpoint on human nature. There is a 5)complex array of forces steering the direction of each person, and these forces cannot always be seen or studied. Also, if the same forcesare steering two different people, each one will act differently. Knowing that different people react to different needs will 6) guide your decisions and actions in certain situations.As a leader you have the power to influence motivation. You should allow the needs of your people to coincide with the needs of your organization. Nearlyall people are influenced by the need for job 7)security promotion, raises, and approval from their peers and leaders. Internal forces such as values, morals and Home Listening ethics also influence them. Likewise, the organization needs good people in a wide variety of jobs. Ensure that your people are trained, 8) encouraged, and provided the opportunity to grow. Ensure that the way you conduct business has the same values, morals and ethical principles that you seek in your people. 9)If you conduct business in a dishonest manner, your people will be dishonest to you You should alsoreward good behavior. 10) Although a certificate, letter or a thank you may seem small, they can be powerful motivators. The reward should be specific and prompt. Do not say, “for doing a good job.” Cite the specific action that made you believe it was a good job. In addition, help your people who are good. We all make mistakes or need help to achieve a particular goal.。
Unit 5 Student LifeListeningAudio Track 3-5-1A: Y ou’re majoring in international business law, is that correct?B: That’s correct.A: And what made you choose this university?B: Well, I want to be a lawyer and this university has one of the most respected law departments in the country. It was an easy choice. What about you?A: My major is international business. I researched several universities but decided on this one because it has strong links with many multinational businesses. I hope that will help when I graduate and start looking for jobs.B: How did you find the application process?A: Well, I had to take an entrance examination, of course. Then, I submitted an application form along with my official high school transcripts and a letter of recommendation.B: And did you get accepted immediately?A: No, I had to attend an interview. I remember I was very nervous.B: It was exactly the same for me. But we must have interviewed well as we’re here now. Listening Activity 1: Audio Track 3-5-2/Audio Track 3-5-3C=Counselor, K=KaiC: Hello, Kai. Have a seat.K: Hi, Ms. Danielson.C: How’s it going? Are you excited about graduating?K: I guess so. But there’s so much to do between now and then.C: Well, let’s talk about that … Let me check your file here. So, what’s new? Have you researched any colleges or universities?K: Well, I researched three … like you told me to.C: Good, good. Which ones?K: Let’s see … California State University, Harvard University, and City College.C: And?K: Well, I applied to two: Harvard and City College. Cal State is just too far away.C: Sounds like you’ve been thinking about this seriously. That’s good.K: Y ep.C: Any news yet?K: Well, I got accepted to City College. I haven’t heard anything from Harvard. I probably won’t get accepted there.C: Why do you say that?K: Y ou know … it’s so competitive. I don’t think my grades are good enough.C: Well, let’s wait and see.K: I’ll probably go to City College. My brother went there. I visited the campus and I like it.Listening Activity 2: Audio Track 3-5-4/Audio Track 3-5-5Lucia: And finally today, we have a report about graduating seniors. Jason Kim is standing by. …Jason, are you there?Jason: Hi, Lucia.Lucia: The Metro Times newspaper asked college seniors, “What are you going to do after you graduate?”Jason: That’s right, Lucia. The students gave some surprising answers, too.Lucia: For example …?Jason: Well, more than 50 percent of the students say that they aren’t going to start a new job right away.Lucia: Well, what are their future plans?Jason: Let’s ask some of them. … Excuse me.Mizuki: Y es?Jason: I’m Jason Kim from XCA-TV. Y our name, please?Mizuki: Mizuki.Jason: And what are you studying?Mizuki: Art.Jason: OK, Mizuki, what are you going to do after you graduate?Mizuki: I don’t know. I’ll probably just chill out for a while.Jason: Chill out?Mizuki: Y ou know, relax.Jason: OK, Mizuki. Thanks for your comments. … Hello, I’m Jason Kim and we’re doing a live report. What’s your name and major?Ro bert: My name is Robert and I’m studying law.Jason: What are you going to do after you graduate?Robert: I don’t know … maybe I’ll take a long trip.Jason: What about a job?Robert: Work? Maybe one of these days. But first I’d like to take a trip.Jason: Thank you, Robert, and good luck. Well, that’s all for now. This has been Jason Kim, with my report on college seniors. Now, back to you, Lucia …Listening Activity 3: Audio Track 3-5-61. Hi, I’m Eduardo. I got accepted to college recently. Since the s chool is just in my neighborhood, I’m going to live at home. I will not apply for a scholarship because it is too hard to get it. I think I’ll be able to support myself by working part-time. In my view, money is veryimportant though it is not everything.So most probably I’ll study business. I hope I can make it big after graduation.2. I’m Jill. I’m going to join a sorority. I want to make more friends of the same sex. I think that women should be united and should always help each other. I’m going to d o volunteer work in my spare time to help those elderly ladies in the community with their errands. I’m not going to a large university since I can’t afford it.3. I’m Max and this is Sara. We love each other. We’re not going to live in student housing. We plan to live in a medium-size apartment not far away from the university. We’re going to study together and work part-time.Audio Track 3-5-7I’m Mary and I’m twenty. I’m studying Lifelong Education at the University of Tokyo. I think it’s important f or everyone to keep learning all their lives. That’s why I chose to major in Lifelong Education. Personally, I’m planning to further my education in an American university after graduation. So right now, I’m taking an English class. I want to improve my English. I’m working part-time at a video store because I need to save money for my studies abroad.I have a boyfriend and he wants to go and study in the United States too. We have similar interests and personalities. I’m going to get married and live in a house by the ocean. Sooner or later, I’ll have my own children. I will most probably stay at home to be a full-time mother before my children are sixteen years old. To witness their growth would be the most valuable thing in my life.Listening Activity 4: Audio Track 3-5-8/Audio Track 3-5-9New graduates talk about the futureAfter the City College graduation ceremony yesterday, we talked to three students about their plans and their dreams.Here is what Jameela Brown had to say about her future:I worked so hard for four years. I need a break now! I majored in biology and chemistry, and I hada summer job in a day care center. I’m going to take a year off before I start medical school. My plan is to travel and do volunteer work in West Africa. I’ll be a doctor someday but I’m not sure what kind of doctor I’ll be.Jennie Min talked about her plans:I studied business, and it was easy for me to find a job. Next month I’ll move to New Y ork to start work at Giant Corporation. But I don’t really want to spend my whole life working for a company.I hope I can start my own business. Maybe something with food. I love cooking! In college, I cooked dinner for my roommates every night.Shane Peterson told us about his big dream:Wow! Four years really went fast. I c an’t believe it’s graduation day! My major was computer science, but I spent all my free time playing music. I played guitar in two different bands. I also play electronic music, using computers. I have job interviews with three software companies nextwee k. I’m not worried about getting a job, but I really want to play music, too. That’s my biggest dream.Listening Activity 5: Audio Track 3-5-10/Audio Track 3-5-11Interviewer: We now have a winner! Stephanie Lee from V ancouver, Canada answered our ques tions and won the top prize: She will be our youth travel reporter in Europe! She’s going to travel for three months and write about her experiences for our website. Do you have any international travel experience?Stephanie: Y es, I do. Two years ago, I spent the summer in Hong Kong, China. I stayed with my grandmother and worked in the family business. I also visited Africa last year.Interviewer: What do your travel experiences tell us about you?Stephanie: I stayed in Hong Kong for about two months. I think that shows I can stay away from home for a long time. I don’t get homesick at all. In Africa, I went to Tanzania. The highlight was climbing Mount Kilimanjaro. It’s the highest mountain in Africa. The climb was very hard. Two people turned back before they reached the top. I made it all the way! Once I start something, I never give up.Interviewer: This job gives you a digital camera and pays your travel expenses. It doesn’t pay a salary. How will you get your spending money?Stephanie: I had a part-time job in a restaurant. I had worked there for two years. Fortunately, I saved a lot of money, so I won’t have to worry about money for my trip to Europe. Interviewer: Why should we choose you?Stephanie: Because I love to travel! I’m a hard worker a nd will have no trouble filing reports on time — and I have a lot of energy!Speaking & CommunicationAudio Track 3-5-121. I’m gonna apply to three colleges.2. He’s gonna clean the house next week.3. We’re gonna study together for the big exam.4. T hey’re not gonna finish in time.Audio Track 3-5-131. I’m not gonna meet them before 3:00.2. We’re not gonna take a vacation this summer.3. She’s gonna call us tomorrow.4. He’s not gonna attend Harvard University.Audio Track 3-5-14Hans: Hi, Tom. What’s new?Tom: Well, I’m going to start at a new high school this fall.Hans: Which one?Tom: Essex Academy. It’s a boarding school. It’s a five-hour drive from my parents’ house. Hans: Does boarding school mean you live there? On campus?Tom: Exactly.Hans: That sounds awesome!Tom: Y eah. I think it’s going to be cool.Audio Track 3-5-15A: I study hard and get good grades. I’m usually on the honor roll.B: What does honor roll mean?A: It’s a special list for students with very good grades.B: Oh, I see. Well, I like study hall. I can do my homework and prepare for exams.A: I don't understand. What do you mean by study hall?B: It’s a time that is reserved for quiet study.Audio Track 3-5-16A: Are you free at noon tomorrow?B: No, I’m not. I’m goi ng to eat lunch with my friends then. How about 2:00 p.m.?A: Sorry, but that doesn’t suit me. I’m going to get a flu shot at 2:15.B: Oh, really?A: Y eah. The doctor strongly advised me to do it.B: Then how about 7:30 p.m.?A: That’s all right for me. Se e you then.Video CourseVideo Track 3-5-1Agnes: After I finish my Ph.D. I would like to go back to Senegal and start my own business in agriculture.Brad: After I graduate I will move to Washington, D.C., to work for National Geographic. Calum: After I graduate I’d like to have a good job that pays a lot of money, and to travel and see the world.Dave: After I graduate from college I will go to graduate school and I’m going to study art. Alex: After graduation I plan to find a good job. I also plan to start a family and buy a house. Julianna: I want to start my own business, an import-export business.Alejandra: My students work very hard and get good grades to get into university.After finishing their degrees in the United States they will go home and either work with their families or open a business.Video Track 3-5-2Dave: Five years from now I will still be studying and I don’t know where I’m going to live. Calvin: I’d like to become a lawyer and I’d like to specialize in cyberlaw. I think c yberlaw will be pretty big within five, six years or so.Woo Sung: I’ll probably be married. I want about three kids, a dog, my own house, and a job that I enjoy. And you know most of all I just want to be … just I guess … enjoy my life.Video Track 3-5-3Mike: Do you think he was accepted?Sun-hee: I don’t know …Mike: Any news from Harvard?Sun-hee: He was rejected. He also applied to the University of Southern California, and they didn’t accept him either. It’s too bad. He studied so hard in film schoo l. And he got really good grades …Mike: I know. And he researched all those schools and applied for all those scholarships … I hope he gets in. Hey, do you know what he’s going to do if he doesn’t get into grad school?Sun-hee: No, what?Mike: He’s going to hit the road.Sun-hee: I don’t understand. What do you mean?Mike: He’s going to buy a nice camera and travel around Europe taking photos for his brother’s website.Sun-hee: Now that would be an experience, but it’ll be sad if he goes.Mike: He’ll get in … I just know it!Takeshi: (enters front door) Hi!Sun-hee: Takeshi!Mike: There’s a letter for you from the Columbia graduate school.Sun-hee: (takes letter from Mike) Uh, uh, uh! Now let’s think about this for a moment. What are you going to do if you aren’t accepted?Takeshi: Well, like I said, I’m going to travel around Europe for a while. And then I’ll apply to graduate school in a few years …and I will get in!Mike: (takes letter from Sun-hee) What will you do if you are accepted?Takeshi: Oh, that’s easy. I’m going to become a film director.Mike: (gives letter to Takeshi) All right then … here. (waits for Takeshi to open letter) Well! What are you waiting for? Open it!Takeshi: Here goes … (opens letter)Sun-hee: Well?Mike: Were you accepted?Tak eshi: I’m going to grad school!Video Track 3-5-4Mike: Do you think he was accepted?Sun-hee: I don’t know …Mike: Any news from Harvard?Sun-hee: He was rejected. He also applied to the University of Southern California, and they didn’t accept him either. It’s too bad. He studied so hard in film school. And he got really good grades …Mike: I know. And he researched all those schools and applied for all those scholarships … I hope he gets in. Hey, do you know what he’s going to do if he doesn’t get in to grad school?Sun-hee: No, what?Video Track 3-5-5Mike: He’s going to hit the road.Sun-hee: I don’t understand. What do you mean?Mike: He’s going to buy a nice camera and travel around Europe taking photos for his brother’s website.Sun-hee: Now that would be an experience, but it’ll be sad if he goes.Mike: He’ll get in … I just know it!Takeshi: (enters front door) Hi!Sun-hee: Takeshi!Mike: There’s a letter for you from the Columbia graduate school.Video Track 3-5-6Sun-hee: (takes lett er from Mike) Uh, uh, uh! Now let’s think about this for a moment. What are you going to do if you aren’t accepted?Takeshi: Well, like I said, I’m going to travel around Europe for a while. And then I’ll apply to graduate school in a few years … and I wil l get in!Mike: (takes letter from Sun-hee) What will you do if you are accepted?Takeshi: Oh, that’s easy. I’m going to become a film director.Mike: (gives letter to Takeshi) All right then … here. (waits for Takeshi to open letter) Well! What are you waiting for? Open it!Takeshi: Here goes … (opens letter)Sun-hee: Well?Mike: Were you accepted?Takeshi: I’m going to grad school!Audio Track 3-5-17Takeshi got a letter from the Columbia Graduate School. While Sun-hee and Mike were waiting for him to c ome home, they talked about Takeshi’s plans for grad school. Takeshi had applied to several graduate programs, but two schools had already rejected him! Mike said that Takeshi was going to hit the road if he didn’t get accepted. When Takeshi got home, he e xplained that if he didn’t get accepted he was going to travel for a while and then he would apply to graduate school again. He also said that if he was accepted, he was going to become a film director. Takeshi finally opened the letter — and it was good news! Takeshi was going to go to grad school at Columbia!。
