动词概述
一、实义动词
■①及物动词与不及物动词
根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词。Vt. vi .
They study hard.
I know them well.
注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：
She sings very well.
She sang an English song just now.
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，____不变。试比较：
Shall I begin at once?
She began working as a librarian after she left school.
When did they leave Chicago?They left last week.
短语：
■②动态动词和静态动词
动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。
■③延续性动词和非延续性动词
根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。
注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：[译]他离开这里三天了。
[误]He has left here for three days.
[正]He has been away from here for three days.
[正]He left here three days ago.
[正]It’s three days since he left.
■④限定动词与非限定动词
限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，也叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。
The room needs cleaning.
二、连系动词
系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。
Be：
He is a teacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）I am fine.
2、keep, rest, remain, stay,例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3、表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.
4、feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.
5、become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come, run.
He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.
6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. （turn out表终止性结果）7．使役动词：let,have,make 使，让…
Let /make somebody do sth
The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.
Make sb/sth adj.
The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.
Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事
Have sth done 让某物被做
My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.
有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如：
Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(l ook用作实义动词)
He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词)
They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词)
They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时)
三、助动词
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如：He doesn't like English.（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)
1、助动词be(is, am,are,was,were)，have(has, had, having)，d o(did,does).
*d o(d oes, did) 的用法
（1）构成疑问句或否定句
