高三8月月考
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湖南省湘楚名校联考2024-2025学年高三上学期8月月考英语试题一、听力选择题1.When will the man watch the movie?A.This Friday.B.This Saturday.C.Next Tuesday.2.What will the woman do next? .A.Donate money.B.Board a bus.C.Buy a coffee.3.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.A film.B.A crime.C.A performer.4.What did the woman just receive?A.A chance to win an award.B.An article about her in a magazine.C.An opportunity to host an award ceremony.5.How much will the man probably give to the woman?A.$100.B.$50.C.$200.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
6.Why does Russell accept the job with the insurance company?A.It pays well.B.It has good benefits.C.It has a good reputation. 7.What is Russell like according to Elaine?A.Shy.B.Sociable.C.Nervous.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
8.When will Magic Circle start tonight?A.At 8:50 p. m.B.At 9:00 p. m.C.At 9:10 p. m.9.What is the weather like now?A.Windy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.10.What kind of pet do the speakers have?A.A cat.B.A dog.C.A rabbit.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
石河子第一中学2025届高三8月月考物理试卷(8.20)(考试范围:物质运动规律、相互作用)考试时间:90分钟试卷总分:100分一、单选题(1-10题,每题只有一个选项是正确的,选对得4分,选错、多选或不选得0分,共40分)1.2024年6月25日14时7分,嫦娥六号返回器携带来自月背的月球样品安全着陆在内蒙古四子王旗预定区域,标志着探月工程嫦娥六号任务取得圆满成功。
这次探月工程,突破了月球逆行轨道设计与控制、月背智能快速采样、月背起飞上升等关键技术,首次获取月背的月球样品并顺利返回。
如图为某次嫦娥六号为躲避陨石坑的一段飞行路线,下列说法中正确的是()A.2024年6月25日14时7分指的是时间间隔B.嫦娥六号由图中O点到B点的平均速率一定大于此过程的平均速度的大小C.研究嫦娥六号着陆过程的技术时可以把它简化成质点D.嫦娥六号变轨飞向环月轨道的过程中,以嫦娥六号为参考系,月球是静止不动的2.如图所示,某滑雪爱好者经过M点后在水平雪道滑行。
然后滑上平滑连接的倾斜雪道,当其达到N点时速度如果当0,水平雪道上滑行视为匀速直线运动,在倾斜雪道上的运动视为匀减速直线运动。
则M到N的运动过程中,其速度大小v随时间t的变化图像可能是()A.B.C.D.3.在平直公路上行驶的a车和b车,其位移—时间图象分别为图中直线a和曲线b,已知b车的加速度恒定且等于,时,直线a和曲线b刚好相切,则( )A.a车做匀速运动且其速度为B.时a车和b车相遇但此时速度不等C.时b车的速度为D.时a车和b车的距离4.一辆汽车以的速度行驶,遇到紧急情况,司机采取制动措施,使汽车做匀减速直线运动,若制动后汽车加速度值为,则()A.经汽车的速度为B.经汽车的速度为C.经汽车的位移为D.经汽车的位移为5.小明测得兰州地铁一号线列车从“东方红广场”到“兰州大学”站的图像如图所示,此两站间的距离约为( )A.980m B.1230mC.1430m D.1880m6.让质量为的石块从足够高处自由下落,在下落的第末速度大小为,再将和质量为的石块绑为一个整体,使从原高度自由下落,在下落的第末速度大小为,g取,则( )A.B.C.D.7.高空走钢丝杂技表演在越接近钢丝末端时,钢丝绳会倾斜得越厉害,行走也越缓慢。
武汉市东西湖区2025届新高三8月适应性考试数学试卷本试题卷共4页,19题,全卷满分150分.考试用时120分钟.★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置.2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效.3.非选择题的作答:用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内.写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效.4.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交.一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知集合(){},|20Ax y x y =+=,(){},|10B x y x my =++=.若A B ∩=∅,则实数m =()A.2− B. 12−C. 12D. 22.若复数z 满足(2i)i 54i z −−=+,则z =( )A.33i+ B.33i− C.13i + D.13i−3.若,a b 是夹角为60°两个单位向量,a b λ+与32a b −+ 垂直,则λ=( )A.18B.14C.78D.744 已知π,0,2αβ ∈,()5cos 6αβ−=,1tan tan 4αβ⋅=,则αβ+=( )A.π3 B.π4C.π6D.2π35.已知圆锥的高为6,体积为高的43倍,用平行于圆锥底面的平面截圆锥,得到的圆台高是3,则该圆台的体积为()A.83 B.113C.7D.9的.6. 已知函数()2log ,0223,2x x f x x x <≤ = −> ,若()()1210f a f a +−−≥,则实数a 的取值范围是( )A. (],2−∞B. [)2,+∞C. []2,6D. 1,227. 已知函数()2sin()10,||2f x x πωϕωϕ=++><,其图象与直线y =3相邻两个交点的距离为23π,若f (x )>1对任意,126x ππ∈−恒成立,则φ的取值范围为( ) A. ,42ππB. ,24ππ−−C. ,42ππD. 0,4π8. 已知定义在R 上的函数()f x 满足()()()()()226f x y f x f y f x f y +=−−+,()14f =,则()()()1299f f f ++⋅⋅⋅+=( )A. 992198+B. 992196+C. 1002198+D. 1002196+二、选择题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分.9. “杂交水稻之父”袁隆平一生致力于杂交水稻技术的研究、应用与推广,创建了超级杂交稻技术体系,为我国粮食安全、农业科学发展和世界粮食供给作出了杰出贡献.某杂交水稻种植研究所调查某地水稻的株高,得出株高ξ(单位:cm )近似服从正态分布()2100,10N .已知()2~,X N µσ时,有(||)0.6827P X µσ−≤≈,(||2)0.9545P X µσ−≤≈,(||3)0.9973P X µσ−≤≈.下列说法正确的是( )A. 该地水稻的平均株高约为100cmB. 该地水稻株高的方差约为100C. 该地株高超过110cm 的水稻约占68.27%D. 该地株高低于130cm 的水稻约占99.87%10. 对于函数()ln xf x x=,下列说法正确的是( ) A. ()f x 在(1,)e 上单调递增,在(),e +∞上单调递减 B. 若方程(||)f x k =有4个不等的实根,则e k > C. 当1201x x <<<时,1221ln ln x x x x <D. 设2()g x x a =+,若对1x R ∀∈,2(1),x ∃∈+∞,使得12()()g x f x =成立,则a e ≥11. 数学中有许多形状优美、寓意美好的曲线,例如:四叶草曲线就是其中一种,其方程为()32222xyx y +=,则( )A. 曲线C 有两条对称轴B. 曲线C 上的点到原点的最大距离为12C. 曲线C 第一象限上任意一点作两坐标轴的垂线与两坐标轴围成的图形面积最大值为18D 四叶草面积小于π4三、填空题:本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12. 已知过原点的直线与双曲线()222210,0x y a b a b−=>>交于M ,N 两点,点M 在第一象限且与点Q 关于x 轴对称,43ME MQ =,直线NE 与双曲线的右支交于点P ,若PM MN ⊥,则双曲线的离心率为______.13. 已知直线:l y kx =是曲线(1ex f x +=和()ln g x x a =+的公切线,则实数a =______. 14. 著名数学家欧几里得的《几何原本》中曾谈到:任何一个大于1的整数要么是质数,要么可以写成一系列质数的积,例如602235=×××.已知12315n a a a =××× ,且123,,,,n a a a a 均为质数,若从123,,,,n a a a a 中任选2个构成两位数(i j a a i j ≠,且1,)i j n ≤≤,则i j a a 的十位数字i a 与个位数字j a 不相等的概率为__________.四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15. 记ABC 的内角,,A B C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,ABC 的面积为S ,已知222a c b +−,2a =. (1)求角B ;(2)若22cos cos 210A A +−=,求S 的值.16. 已知椭圆22:184x y E +=,过左焦点F 且斜率大于0的直线l 交E 于AB 、两点,AB 的中点为,GAB .的垂直平分线交x 轴于点D . (1)若点G 纵坐标为23,求直线GD 方程; (2)若1an 2t BAD ∠=,求ABD ∆的面积. 17. 如图,在直三棱柱111ABC A B C 中,E 是1B A 上的点,且1A E ⊥平面11AB C .(1)求证:BC⊥平面11AA B B ;(2)若14,2,AA AC AB BC P ==是棱AC 上且靠近C 的三等分点,求点A 到平面1PBB 的距离.18. 已知函数22()2ln f x ax bx x =++−.(1)当0b =时,若()f x 有两个零点,求实数a 的取值范围;(2)当0a =时,若()f x 有两个极值点12,x x ,求证:212e x x >;(3)若()f x 在定义域上单调递增,求2a b +的最小值.19. 有穷数列12,,,(2)n a a a n > 中,令()()*1,1,,p p q S p q a a a p q n p q +=+++≤≤≤∈N ,(1)已知数列3213,,,−−,写出所有有序数对(),p q ,且p q <,使得(),0S p q >;(2)已知整数列12,,,,n a a a n 为偶数,若(),11,2,,2n S i n i i−+=,满足:当i 为奇数时,(),10S i n i −+>;当i 为偶数时,(),10S i n i −+<.求12n a a a +++ 的最小值;(3)已知数列12,,,n a a a 满足()1,0S n >,定义集合(){}1,0,1,2,,1Ai S i n i n =+>=− .若{}()*12,,,k Ai i i k =∈N 且为非空集合,求证:()121,k ii i S n a a a >+++ .的的。
郑州市宇华实验学校2024—2025学年高三上学期第一次月考数学注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚.2.每道选择题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号.在试题卷上作答无效.3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.4.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知,0,2παβ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,则“1cos()4αβ-<”是“1cos sin 4αβ+<”的( )A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件2.已知实数x ,y ,z 满足e ln e y x x y =且1e lne z x z x =,若01y <<,则( )A .x y z >> B .x z y >> C .y z x >>D .y x z >>3.已知函数2||,(),x m x m f x x x m +≤⎧=⎨>⎩,若存在实数b ,使得关于x 的方程()f x b =有三个不同的根,则实数m 的取值范围是()A .(0,2) B .(,2)(0,2)-∞-C .(2,0)-D .(2,0)(2,)-+∞ 4.定义:两条异面直线之间的距离是指其中一条直线上任意一点到另一条直线距离的最小值.在棱长为1的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,直线BD 与1CB 的距离为( )A .1BC .12D5.在ABC △中,内角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,ABC △的面积为S ,若22cos bc A b c +=+,则sin cos cos A B C=+( )A B .12C D6.已知z 为复数,且||1z =,则|3i |z -的取值范围是()A .[]2,3B .[]3,4C .[]2,4D .4⎡⎤⎣⎦7.若样本空间Ω中的事件123,,A A A 满足()()()()()223113231221,,,4356P A P A A P A P A A P A A =====∣∣∣,则()13P A A =( )A .114 B .17 C .27 D .5288.已知a ,b 均为正实数,若直线y x a =-与曲线ln(2)y x b =+相切,则2a b ab ab ++的最小值是( )A .8 B .9 C .10 D .11二、多项选择题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分,有选错的得0分,若只有2个正确选项,每选对1个得3分;若只有3个正确选项,每选对1个得2分.9.下列函数()f x 的最小值为2的是()A .2()21f x x x =--+B .()23()log 210f x x x =++C .()22x x f x -=+D .1()32x f x -=+10.如图,在棱长为的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,点P 是平面11A BC 内一个动点,且满足13PD PB +=+,则下列结论正确的是( )A .1B D PB ⊥B .直线1B P 与平面11A BC 所成角为定值C .点P 的轨迹的周长为D .三棱锥11P BB C -体积的最大值为11.对于函数3()()ln ,()f x f x x x g x x ==,则下列说法正确的是( )A .()g x 在x =12eB .(2)g g >C .()g x 只有一个零点D .若方程2()kf x x =恰好只有一个实数根,则0k <三、填空题:本大题共3个小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.一批小麦种子的发芽率是0.7,每穴只要有一粒发芽,就不需补种,否则需要补种.则每穴至少种_________粒,才能保证每穴不需补种的概率大于97%.()lg 30.48≈13.已知函数2()2sin cos 0)222xxxf x ωωωω=-+>的最小正周期为T ,若223T ππ<<,且3π是()f x 的一个极值点,则ω=_________.14.过点P 作斜率为k 的直线l 交圆22:8E x y +=于,A B 两点,动点Q 满足||||||||PA QA PB QB =,若对每一个确定的实数k ,记||PQ 的最大值为max d ,则当k 变化时,max d 的最小值为_________.四、解答题:本大题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.(13分)各项都为整数的数列{}n a 满足272,4a a =-=,前6项依次成等差数列,从第5项起依次成等比数列.(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)求出所有的正整数m ,使得1212m m m m m m a a a a a a ++++++=.16.(15分)如图,正方体111ABCD A B C D -.(1)求证:1A B ⊥面1A BC ;(2)若E 为线段1AC 的中点,求平面ABE 与平面BCE 所成锐二面角的大小.17.(15分)书籍是精神世界的入口,阅读让精神世界闪光,阅读逐渐成为许多人的一种生活习惯,每年4月23日为世界读书日.某研究机构为了解某地年轻人的阅读情况,通过随机抽样调查了100位年轻人,对这些人每天的阅读时间(单位:分钟)进行统计,得到样本的频率分布直方图,如图所示.(1)根据频率分布直方图,估计这100位年轻人每天阅读时间的平均数x (单位:分钟);(同一组数据用该组数据区间的中点值表示)(2)若年轻人每天阅读时间X 近似地服从正态分布(,100)N μ,其中μ近似为样本平均数x ,求(6494)P X <≤;(3)为了进一步了解年轻人的阅读方式,研究机构采用分层抽样的方法从每天阅读时间位于分组[50,60),[60,70),[80,90)的年轻人中抽取10人,再从中任选3人进行调查,求抽到每天阅读时间位于[80,90)的人数ξ的分布列和数学期望.附参考数据:若,则①()0.6827P X μδμδ-<≤+=;②(22)0.9545P X μδμδ-<≤+=;③(33)0.9973P X μδμδ-<≤+=.18.(17分)已知圆22:(1)1M x y ++=,圆22:(1)9N x y -+=动圆P 与圆M 外切并且与圆N 内切,圆心P 的轨迹为曲线C .(1)求曲线C 的方程;(2)设不经过点Q 的直线l 与曲线C 相交于A ,B 两点,直线QA 与直线QB 的斜率均存在且斜率之和为2-,直线AB 是否过定点,若过定点,写出定点坐标.19.(17分)已知函数()ln f x x x =.(1)求曲线()y f x =在点(1,(1))f 处的切线方程;(2)求()f x 的单调区间;(3)若对于任意1,x e e ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,都有()1f x ax ≤-,求实数a 的取值范围.数学参考答案一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.【答案】B 【解析】,0,2παβ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,则0cos 1,0sin 1βα<<<<,所以cos()cos cos sin sin cos sin αβαβαβαβ-=+<+,所以由1cos()4αβ-<不能推出1cos sin 4αβ+<,充分性不成立;反之,11cos sin cos()44αβαβ+<⇒-<成立,即必要性成立;,0,2παβ⎛⎫∴∈ ⎪⎝⎭,则“1cos()4αβ-<”是“1cos sin 4αβ+<”的必要不充分条件.故选:B .2.【答案】A【解析】由e ln e y xx y =得ln e ex y x y =,由1e ln e z x z x =得ln e e x z x z -=,因此e ey z y z -=,又01y <<,所以0e e z y z y =-<,又e 0z >,所以0z <,利用01y <<得ln 0e ex y x y =>,又e 0x >,所以ln 0x >,即1x >,所以10x y z >>>>,即x y z >>.故选A .3.【答案】B【解析】分情况讨论,当0m >时,要使()f x b =有三个不同的根,则2|2|020m m m m ⎧>⇒<<⎨>⎩;当0m <时,要使()f x b =有三个不同的根,同理可知,需要2|2|20m m m m ⎧>⇒<-⎨<⎩.当0m =时,两个分段点重合,不可能有三个不同的根,故舍去.所以m 的取值范围是(,2)(0,2)-∞- .故选B .4.【答案】D【解析】设M 为直线BD 上任意一点,过M 作1MN CB ⊥,垂足为N ,可知此时M 到直线1CB 距离最短,设111,DM DB DA DC CN CB DA DA DD λλλμμμμ==+===+ ,1(1)()MN DN DM DC CN DM DC DA DD λμλμ=-=+-=-+-+ ,11CB DA DD =+ ,因为1MN CB ⊥,所以10MN CB ⋅= ,即()11(1)()0DC DA DD DA DD λμλμ⎡⎤-+-+⋅+=⎣⎦ ,所以0μλμ-+=,即=2λμ=,所以1(12)MN DC DA DD μμμ=--+ ,所以||MN === ,所以当13μ=时,||MN,所以直线BD 与1CB.故选:D .5.【答案】D【解析】由22cos bc A b c +=+22sin cos A bc A b c +=+,22cos 2sin 6b c b c A A A bc c b π+⎛⎫+=⇒+=+ ⎪⎝⎭,由于2,2sin 26b c A c b π⎛⎫+≥+≤ ⎪⎝⎭,当且仅当b c c b =,以及62A ππ+=时,等号成立,结合2sin 6b c A c b π⎛⎫+=+ ⎪⎝⎭,因此2sin 26b c A c b π⎛⎫+=+= ⎪⎝⎭,且b c c b =,以及3A π=,故3B C π==,因此sin cos cos A B C ==+故选D .6.【答案】C【解析】因为复数z 满足||1z =,不妨设cos isin ,R z θθθ=+∈,则|3i ||cos i(sin 3)|z θθ-=+-==.因为sin [1,1]θ∈-,所以[2,4],所以|3i |z -的取值范围是[2,4].故选:C .7.【答案】A【解折】因为()()()()()113223231221,,,4356P A P A A P A P A A P A A =====∣∣∣,所以()()()()()2323323P A P A P A A P A P A A =+∣∣()()()()()3233231P A P A A P A PA A =+-∣∣,解得()357P A =,()()31311P A A P A A =-∣∣()()()()()133131111P A A P A P A A P A P A =-=-∣()()()13311P A A P A A P A =∣()()()1133115144714P A P A A P A =-=-⨯=∣.故选:A .8.【答案】C 【解析】由于直线y x a =-与曲线ln(2)y x b =+相切,设切点为(,)m n ,而12y x b '=+,故112ln(2)m b m b m a⎧=⎪+⎨⎪+=-⎩,解得m a =,故21,,a b a b +=均为正实数,故22122(2)16610a b ab a b a b ab b a ba ++⎛⎫=+++=++≥+= ⎪⎝⎭,当且仅当22a b b a =,结合21a b +=,即得13a b ==时等号成立,故2a b ab ab ++的最小值是10,故选:C .二、多项选择题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分,有选错的得0分,若只有2个正确选项,每选对1个得3分;若只有3个正确选项,每选对1个得2分.9.【答案】BC【解析】对于A,由二次函数性质可知,()f x 无最小值,A 错误;对于B,令22210(1)99t x x x =++=++≥,因为3log y t =单调递增,所以3()log 92f x ≥=,当1x =-时等号成立,所以min ()2f x =,B 正确;对于C,因为20x >,所以1()222x x f x =+≥,当且仅当122x x =,即0x =时,等号成立,所以min ()2f x =,C 正确;对于D,由指数函数性质可知,130x ->,所以1()322x f x -=+>,D 错误.故选:BC .10.【答案】ABD【解析】对于A,连接11B D ,因为四边形1111A B C D 为正方形,则1111A C B D ⊥,因为1DD ⊥平面111111,A B C D A C ⊂平面1111A B C D ,则111A C DD ⊥,因为111111,B D DD D B D = 、1DD ⊂平面11B DD ,所以11A C ⊥平面11B DD ,1B D ⊂平面11B DD ,所以111B D A C ⊥,同理可得11B D A B ⊥,因为1111111,A C A B A A C A B =⊂ 、平面11A BC ,所以1B D ⊥平面11A BC ,因为PB ⊂平面11A BC ,所以1B D PB ⊥,故A 正确;对于C,由A 选项知1B D ⊥平面11A BC ,设1B D 平面11A BC E =,即1B E ⊥平面11,A BC DE ⊥平面11A BC ,因为1111111116,A B BC AC A B BB B C ======,所以三棱锥111B A BC -为正三棱锥,因为1B E ⊥平面11A BC ,则E 与正11A BC △的中心,则12sin 3A BBE π==,所以1B E ==,因为1B D ==所以DE =,因为13PD PB +=+,3=+,3+=+(3=+-,两边平方化简可得0)PE PE =>,因为E 点到等边三角形11A BC 的边的距离为163PE ==,所以点P 的轨迹是在11A BC △内,且以E所以点P 的轨迹的周长为,故C 错误;对于B,由选项C 可知,点P 的轨迹是在11A BC △内,且以E 的圆,EP =1B E =1B E ⊥平面11A BC ,所以1B PE ∠就是直线1B P 与平面11A BC 所成角,所以11tan B E B PE PE ∠===102B PE π<∠<,所以直线1B P 与平面11A BC 所成角为定值,故B 正确;对于D,因为点E 到直线1BC点P 到直线1BC =,故1BPC △的面积的最大值为162⨯=,因为1B E ⊥平面11A BC ,则三棱锥11B BPC -体积的最大值为13⨯=,故D 正确.故选:ABD .11.【答案】AC【解新】对于A ,函数32()ln ()ln ,()f x xf x x xg x x x===,则24312ln 12ln (),0x x xxx g x x x x⨯--'==>,令()0g x '=,即12ln 0x -=,解得x =当0x <<时,()0g x '>,故函数()g x在上为单调递增函数,当x >时,()0g x '<,故函数()g x在)+∞上为单调递减函数,故()g x在x =处取得极大值12eg =,故选项A 正确;对于B,当x >()0g x '<,故函数()g x在)+∞上为单调递减函数,所以(2)g g <,故选项B 错误;对于C,令函数()0g x =,则ln 0x =,解得1x =,所以函数()g x 只有一个零点,故选项C 正确;对于D,易知1x =不是方程的解;当1x ≠时,()0f x ≠,方程2()kf x x =恰好只有一个实数根,等价于y k =和()ln xh x x=只有一个交点,则2ln 1(),0(ln )x h x x x -'=>且1x ≠,令()0h x '=,即ln 10x -=,解得e x =,当e x >时,()0h x '>,故函数()h x 在(e,)+∞上为单调递增函数,当01,1e x x <<<<时,()0h x '<,故函数()h x 在(0,1),(1,e)上均单调递减,1x =是一条渐近线,当01x <<时,()0h x <,当1e x <<时,()0h x >,故()h x 在e x =处取得极小值(e)e h =,结合条件可知k e =或0k <,故选项D 错误;故选:AC.三、填空题:本大题共3个小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.【答案】3【解析】记事件A 为“种一粒种子,发芽”,则()0.7,(0.3P A P A ==设每穴种n 粒,则相当于做了n 次独立重复实验,记事件B 为“每穴至少有一粒发芽”,则00()C 0.7(10.7)0.3,()1()10.3n n n n P B P B P B =-==-=-若保证每穴不需补种的概率大于97%,则10.30.97n ->即0.30.03n <,两边取对数得,lg 0.3lg 0.03n <,即(lg 31)lg 32n -<-又lg 30.48≈,则lg 322.92lg 31n ->≈-,又n 为整数,则每穴至少种3粒,才能保证每穴不需补种的概率大于97%.故答案为:3.13.【答案】72【解析】2()2sincossin 2sin 2223xxxf x x x x ωωωπωωω⎛⎫=-+==+ ⎪⎝⎭所以()2sin 3f x x πω⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭的最小正周期为2T πω=,于是2223πππω<<,解得34ω<<,因为3π是()f x 的一个极值点,则,Z 332k k πππωπ+=+∈,解得13,2k k Z ω=+∈,所以1k =时,7(3,4)2ω=∈.故答案为:72.14.【答案】2【解析】由题设1348+=<,即P 在圆22:8E x y +=内,令||||P APA PB P Bλ'=='且1λ≠,显然P 是A ,B 内分比点,若P '为外分比点,则||||P APA PB P Bλ'==',此时PP '的中点C 为P ,Q 所在阿氏圆的圆心,对于每一个确定的实数,||k PQ 最大值为max d PP '=,即,Q P '重合时max d 为对应圆直径,根据圆的对称性,如上图,讨论1λ>的情况,而||2OP =,当AB为直径时,max ||3||PA PB λ===+,3=+可得4P B '=-故||PQ 的最大值为max ||2d PP P B PB ''==+=;当AB不为直径时134||AB λ<<+<<,且,||AB λ增减趋势相同,由||P A P B AB P B P Bλ''+=='',得||1AB P B λ'=-,显然||1AB P B λ'=-接近于1时P B '趋向无穷大,此时||PQ 的最大值为max d 趋向无穷大.综上,max d 的最小值是2.故答案为:2.四、解答题:本大题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.(13分)【答案】(1)()*54,14N 2,5n n n n a n n --≤≤⎧=∈⎨≥⎩;(2){1,3}【解析】(1)设前6项的公差为d ,所以2151612,4,5a a d a a d a a d =+=-=+=+,所以()()12112445a d a d a d +=-⎧⎪⎨+⨯=+⎪⎩,化简可得(43)(1)0d d --=,所以1d =或34,又因为{}n a 各项均为整数,所以d 为整数,所以1d =,当*14,n n ≤≤∈N 时,2(2)4n a a n d n =+-=-,当*5,N n n ≥∈时,555621,2,121n n n a a a --⎛⎫===⨯= ⎪⎝⎭,综上所述,()*54,14N 2,5n n n n a n n --≤≤⎧=∈⎨≥⎩;(2)当1m =时,1231236,6a a a a a a ++=-=-,满足条件;当2m =时,2342343,0a a a a a a ++=-=,不满足条件;当3m =时,3453450,0a a a a a a ++==,满足条件;当4m =时,4564562,0a a a a a a ++==,不满足条件;当5m ≥时,52n n a -=,若1212m m m m m m a a a a a a ++++++=,则有22111m m m m m m a a a a a a ++++++=,则5311222m m -+-++=,所以28722m -=,所以2727m -=,又因为273m -≥,所以2728m -≥,所以2727m -=无解,综上所述,m 的取值为{1,3}.16.(15分)【答案】(1)证明见解析;(2)3π【解析】(1)因为正方体1111ABCD A B C D -,所以四边形11ABB A 是正方形,所以11AB BA ⊥,又BC ⊥平面111,ABB A AB ⊂平面11ABB A ,所以1BC AB ⊥,又111,,AB BA BA BC ⊥是平面1A BC 内的两条相交直线,所以1AB ⊥面1A BC(2)如图,以A 为原点,以1,,AB AA AD 所在直线为x 轴、y 轴、z 轴建立空间直角坐标系,设正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的边长为a ,又E 为线段1AC 的中点,则(0,0,0),(,0,0),(,,0),,,222a a a A B a C a a E ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,所以(,0,0),,,,(0,,0),,,222222a a a a a a AB a AE BC a BE ⎛⎫⎛⎫====- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,设平面ABE 的法向量为(,,)m x y z =,则0000222ax m AB a a ax y z m AE ⎧=⎧⋅=⎪⎪⇒⎨⎨++=⋅=⎪⎪⎩⎩,令1y =,则0,1x z ==-,所以(0,1,1)m =- ,设平面BCE 的法向量为()111,,n x y z =,11110000222ay n BC a a a x y z n BE ⎧=⎧⋅=⎪⎪⇒⎨⎨-++=⋅=⎪⎪⎩⎩,令1111,0x z y ===,所以(1,0,1)n = ,设平面ABE 与平面BCE 所成锐二面角的大小为θ.所以1cos ||||2m n m n θ⋅== ,又0,2πθ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,所以3πθ=17.(15分)【答案】(1)74;(2)0.8186;(3)分布列见解析;期望为65【解析】(1)根据频率分布直方图得:(550.01650.02750.045850.02950.005)1074x =⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯⨯=.(2)由题意知~(74,100)X N ,即74,10μσ==,所以0.68270.9545(6494)(2)0.81862P X P X μδμδ+<≤=-<≤+==.(3)由题意可知[50,60),[60,70)和[80,90)的频率之比为:1:2:2,故抽取的10人中[50,60),[60,70)和[80,90)分别为:2人,4人,4人,随机变量ξ的取值可以为0,1,2,3,321664331010C C C 11(0),(1)C 6C 2P P ξξ======,123644331010C C C 31(2),(3)C 10C 30P P ξξ======,故ξ的分布列为:ξ0123P1612310130所以11316()01236210305E ξ=⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=.18.(17分)【答案】(1)221(2)43x y x +=≠-;(2)直线l 过定点.【解析】(1)设动圆P 的半径为r ,因为动圆P 与圆M 外切,所以||1PM r =+,因为动圆P 于圆N 外切,所以||3PN r =-,则||||(1)(3)4||2PM PN r r MN +=++-=>=,由椭圆的定义可知,曲线C 是以(1,0),(1,0)M N -为左、右焦点,长轴长为4的椭圆.设椭圆方程为22221(0)x y a b a b+=>>,则2,1a c ==,故2223b a c =-=,所以曲线C 的方程为221(2)43x y x +=≠-.(2)①当直线l斜率存在时,设直线:,l y kx m m =+≠联立22143x y y kx m ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=+⎩,消去y 可得()()222438430k x kmx m +++-=,则()()222(8)164330km k m ∆=-+->,化简得22430k m -+>.设()()1122,,,A x y B x y ,则()12221228434343km x x k m x x k ⎧+=-⎪+⎪⎨-⎪=⎪+⎩.由题意可知,因为2QA QB k k +=-.2==-,所以)1221121220x y x y x x x x +-++=,所以()())1221121220x kx m x kx m x x x x +++++=,即()1212(22)(0k x x m x x ++-+=,()222438(22)(04343m km k m k k -⎛⎫+⋅+⋅-= ⎪++⎝⎭,即()2(1)3(0k m km m +--=,即(1)]0m m k -++=.因为m ≠,所以1)0m k +=,即m =所以直线l的方程为(y kx k x =-=-,所以直线l过定点.②当直线l 斜率不存在时,设直线:(0)l x t t =≠,且(2,2)t ∈-,则点,,A t B t ⎛⎛ ⎝⎝.所以k 2QA QBk k +=+==-,解得t =,所以直线l的方程为x =也过定点.综上所述,直线l过定点.19.(17分)【答案】(1)1y x =-(2)()f x 的单调递增区间是1,e⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭;()f x 的单调递减区间是10,e ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭(3)1a e ≥-.【解析】(1)因为函数()ln f x x x =,所以1()ln ln 1,(1)ln111f x x x x f x''=+⋅=+=+=.又因为(1)0f =,则切点坐标为(1,0),所以曲线()y f x =在点(1,0)处的切线方程为1y x =-.(2)函数()ln f x x x =定义域为(0,)+∞,由(1)可知,()ln 1f x x '=+.令()0f x '=解得1x e=.()f x 与()f x '在区间(0,)+∞上的情况如下:x10,e ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭1e1,e ⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭()f x -0+()f x '↘极小值↗所以,()f x 的单调递增区间是1,e⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭;()f x 的单调递减区间是10,e ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭.(3)当1x e e ≤≤时,“()1f x ax ≤-”等价于“1ln a x x≥+”.令22111111()ln ,,,(),,x g x x x e g x x e x e x x x e -⎡⎤⎡⎤'=+∈=-=∈⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦.令()0g x '=解得1x =,当1,1x e ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时,()0g x '<,所以()g x 在区间1,1e ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭单调递减.当(1,)x e ∈时,()0g x '>,所以()g x 在区间(1,)e 单调递增.而111ln 1 1.5,()ln 1 1.5g e e e g e e e e e⎛⎫=+=->=+=+< ⎪⎝⎭.所以()g x 在区间1,e e ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的最大值为11g e e ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭.所以当1a e ≥-时,对于任意1,x e e⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,都有()1f x ax ≤-.。
化学试卷注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。
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满分100分,考试用时75分钟。
以下数据可供解题时参考。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H—1C—12N—14O—16Cl—35.5Fe—56Co—59一、选择题:本题共14小题,每小题3分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.化学与生产生活密切相关。
下列说法错误的是A.肥皂水可作蚊虫叮咬处的清洗剂B.生石灰、硅胶都可以作食品干燥剂C.利用盐卤等物质使豆浆中的蛋白质聚沉制作豆腐D.小苏打可用于焙制糕点,而苏打不可用于食品加工2.下列化学用语表述正确的是⋅⋅:Cl⋅⋅⋅⋅:HA.HClO的电子式::O⋅⋅B.H2O分子的VSEPR模型:C.CH3CH(CH2CH3)2的名称:3-甲基戊烷D.基态Be原子的价层电子排布图:3.下列实验操作(如图1)正确且能达到目的的是A.图甲:NaOH溶液中滴加FeCl3制备氢氧化铁B.图乙:对浓硫酸进行稀释操作C.图丙:加热NaHCO3验证其稳定性D.图丁:量取20.00mL未知浓度的NaOH溶液4.抗癌药物X的分子结构如图2所示,下列说法正确的是A.X的分子式:C11H8O5Br B.X分子存在对映异构体C.1molX最多可以和6molH2加成D.X属于芳香族化合物,含有4种不同官能团5.关于第ⅢA族元素B和Al,下列说法错误的是A.H3BO3为三元酸,Al(OH)3为三元碱B.冰晶石Na3AlF6中含有离子键、配位键C.晶体B为共价晶体,共价键的方向性使晶体B有脆性D.(AlCl3)2双分子中Al的杂化方式为sp36.分析图3所示的四个原电池装置,其中结论正确的是A.①中Mg作负极,Al作正极B.②中Mg作正极,Al作负极C.③中Cu作负极,原因是铁在硝酸中钝化D.④中Cu作正极,电极反应式为2H++2e H2↑7.X、Y、Z、Q、W为原子序数依次增大的五种短周期主族元素,Q核外最外层电子数与Y核外电子总数相同,X与W同族,W焰色反应为黄色。
南县第一中学2024届高三上学期8月月考历史试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单选题1.黄帝故事是中国传说系统的重要组成部分,但其中又有很多不同的主题,如黄帝与蚩尤及炎帝大战;黄帝制定种种文物制度的文化英雄形象;黄帝为五帝之首,是各代王室的共同祖先。
总之,不同部族(群),有不同的黄帝传说。
材料意在说明( ) A.中华文明具有多元特征 B.黄帝是古人虚构的人物C.统一多民族国家的萌芽D.华夏认同观念已经形成2.据《史记•周本纪》载,周武王“率戎车三百乘,虎贲三千人,甲士四万五千人,以东伐纣”。
而战国晚期,秦、齐、楚等诸侯国都拥有人数近百万的军队,连七国中最小的韩国也有30万兵力。
这一变化主要是因为( )A.军事理论的形成B.生产方式的变革C.政治制度的演进D.地形地势的利用3.春秋战国时期,管仲推行“官(管)山海”之策,主张由国家垄断自然资源开采;李悝实施“平籴法”,主张政府收售粮食以调节粮价;商鞅主张政府奖励农业生产,抑制工商业发展等。
这反映了当时( )A.重农抑商已成为各国的共识B.国家重视对经济的干预和控制C.变法推动了封建经济的发展D.社会转型推动了工商业的发展4.有学者在考察“百家争鸣”时引用了如下文献:A.有共同的文化根源B.以儒家思想为根基C.逐渐走向融合统一D.各持主张互相争鸣5.汉代董仲舒明确提出“屈民而伸君”,要求臣民必须服从君主;同时也提出“屈君以伸天”,君主必须要服从天意。
只要君主的行为合乎“天道”,就可以永保太平。
这些主张( )A.适应了封建专制统治的需要B.确保了西汉政权的稳固C.背离了原始儒学的仁爱思想D.确立了儒学的独尊地位6.下图为西汉与隋京畿区示意图。
与西汉相比,隋京畿区的变动是为了( )A.减少制度变革阻力B.促进中原地区民族交融C.拓宽财政收入来源D.缓解关中地区经济压力7.南朝梁武帝即位之初便组建治礼机构,该机构历时11年制定出涵盖国家、社会和人民生活的礼仪体系。
信阳高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期8月月考英语试题注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
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第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AWhen facing the task of deciding your major, you should remember that the decision you make doesn’t mean you are only destined for one path.QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF AS YOU MAKE YOUR DECISION●Do I have a career in mindAlthough your major does not necessarily dictate your career, some jobs do require a certain field of study. If you have your future career in mind, do your research and find out the education requirements. If you are at a loss with what you want to do, go ahead and research different career fields. A certain job mightpique your interest, and that could prompt you to pick a certain major.●How much does money matterSome majors do have higher potential earnings than others. If earning a lot of money is a primary goal for you, search for majors that pay off well. Feel free to reach out to the Career Center for more information on higher-earning majors and careers.●What do I love to doIf you love what you study, you will be more likely to pay full attention to your classes. which will probably lead to better grades and valuable connections in the field. Also you will find your college years more fulfilling if you cultivate your passion!TIPS FOR DISCOVERING WHAT INTERESTS YOU●Explore different courses!Don’t take random free electives just to meet the credit requirement for graduation. Explore different subjects! By branching out of what you know, you may discover an unexpected aptitude for sport management, or realize that you love psychology! Maybe an elective course could lead you to your major.●Meet with a CDC staff member!Your Career Development Center (CDC) is eager to help you! Meet with a peer Career Ambassador to talk about your career goals andthe options for you. Also consider scheduling an appointment with a professional staff member to discuss potential career paths, internships (实习), and more!●Utilize the CDC’s online resources!CDC offers many online resources for self-assessment and career search. We make recommendations for majors and careers based on your answers! See page 6 for more details of what we have to offer!1.If you don’t know what to choose as your future career, you need to ______.A.cultivate a related hobbyB.aim for well-paid jobsC.consider the education requirementsD.investigate different fields2.According to the passage, CDC could ______.A.give major-related adviceB.establish internship programmesC.define your future career goalsD.select an elective course for you3.Where is the passage probably taken fromA.A research paper.B.A commercial post.C.A college brochure.D.A recruitment notice.BThe new member to the UAE's astronaut training program, the first female Emirati (阿联酋) astronaut, hopes that her mechanical engineering degree will be her ticket to the moon.Nora AlMatrooshi and her fellow trainee astronaut Mohammad AlMulla were selected from 4000 highly qualified candidates to lead the nation’s 9.8 million citizens into space.The two are looking forward to the laborious 30-month program ahead of them which has already begun with them getting their divers’ licences, picking up the Russian language and training for their many media interviews—and will move on to flight and weightlessness school at the Johnson Space Centre in Texas and eventually cruel survival training.“They will need mechanical engineers to build a base on the moon,” says the 28-year-old, who represented her nation at the Mathematics Olympics and worked as an engineer at the National Petroleum Construction Company.AlMatrooshi says she has dreamed of the stars since kindergarten, when her teacher set up the classroom as the Lunar surface and the five-year-old future astronaut constructed a cardboard moonbase. That early longing to explore space charted her degree choice.“I actually went after it. I chose to study a degree in mechanical engineering because of a documentary I watched when I was in high school. It was about a group of astronauts going to the International Space Station and the role of the mechanical engineerwas highlighted,” she sa y.Leading big construction projects in the desert has helped equip the daughter of two academics—a PhD father and English teacher mother—for Lunar construction.AlMatrooshi’s fellow trainee astronaut, UAE police helicopter pilot AlMulla, meanwhile says as tronaut training has been “a big career change”.“I spent 15 years qualifying to be a pilot, including training in Australia for my commercial pilot’s licence,” says the father of two. “As a pilot you get used to mastering everything—suddenly I’m changing my path.”“I’m a big fan of SpaceX. The rockets and even the fancy space suits. And hopefully all four of us—and all the astronauts who come after us will get to be a part of future missions—perhaps even to the moon eventually.”4.What preparation have they made before the training programA.They have grasped their native language.B.They have had cruel survival training.C.They have learned to deal with the press.D.They have done some weightlessness training.5.Which is the major factor for AlMatrooshi to be a member of the training programA.She got help from her academic parents.B.She has had a big dream since her childhood.C.She has experience in big construction projects.D.She was the winner of the Mathematics Olympics.6.What does the underlined pa rt “I'm changing my path” refer toA.I’ll be a master of life.B.I’m an enthusiast for SpaceX.C.I’m settling my new problem.D.I’m starting a new life from scratch.7.Which of the following is a suitable title for the textA.The fans of Space XB.Dream and achievementsC.Passion and preparationsD.Future astronaut training programCWe breathe, eat and drink tiny particles of plastic. But are these in the body harmless. dangerous or somewhere in between A small study published on Wednesday in the New England Journal of Medicine raises more questions than it answers about how these hits might affect the heart.The study involved 257 people who had surgery to clear blocked blood vessels in their necks. Using two methods, researchers found evidence of plastics-mostly invisible nanoplastics — in 150 patients and no evidence of plastics in 107 patients. They followed these people for three years. During that time, 30 or 20% of those withplastics had a heart attack, stroke or died from any cause, compared to 8 or about 8% of those with no evidence of plastics. The researchers also found more evidence of inflammation (炎症) in the people with the plastic bits in their blood vessels. Inflammation is the body’s response to injury and is thought to raise the risk of heart attacks and stroke.“I hope that the alarming message will raise the consciousness of citizens, especially governments, to finally become aware of the importance of the health of our planet.” said Dr. Raffaele Marfella of the University of Campania in Italy.Nevertheless, the study was very small and looked only at people with narrowed arteries (动脉), who were already at risk for heart attack and stroke. The patients with the plastics had more heart disease, diabetes and high cholesterol (胆固醇) than the patients without plastics. They were more likely to be men and more likely to be smokers. The researchers tried to adjust for these risk factors during their statistical analysis, but they may have missed important differences between the groups that could account for the results. This kind of study cannot prove that the plastics caused their problems.“More research is needed and it is the first report suggesting a connection between microplastics and nanoplastics with disease inhumans,” said Dr. Philip Lan drigan of Boston College. Other scientists have found plastic bits in the lungs, liver, blood, and breast milk, “It does not prove cause and effect, but it suggests cause and effect,” he said, “And it needs urgently to be either confirmed or disproven (反驳) by other studies done by other investigators in other populations.”8.What did the study find about the plastics in bloodA.They are visible and detectable.B.They may raise the risk of serious injuries.C.They need to be removed by surgery.D.They may account for a higher rate of heart attacks.9.What did Raffaele Marfella suggestA.Immediate action should be taken by government.B.Alarming message should be spread widely and quickly.C.The awareness of the harm of plastic bits should be enhanced.D.Joint efforts must be made to keep healthy physically and mentally.10.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about regarding the studyA.Limitations.B.Advantages.C.Causes.D.Effects.11.What did Dr. Philip Landrigan think of the studyA.Helpful but unrealistic.B.Pioneering but impractical.C.Distinctive but unnecessary.D.Suggestive but inconclusive.DHow often is your mind quiet If you’re a typical human being, the answer is probably very rarely. For most of our days, our attention is focused on external things—the tasks of our jobs, TV programs, or social media interactions. In the moments when our attention isn’t focused externally, it’s usually focused on what is called “thought-chatter”—a stream of mental associations consisting of expectations of the future, memories, daydreams, and so on.But from time to time, we all experience moments when our thought-chatter quiets down, or even disappears altogether. In these moments, we experience a sense of great well-being. We feel a sense of inner harmony. We feel a s if we’re free of problems, and feel satisfied with our lives as they are.There are many activities that have the effect of quieting our minds, and so produce a state of well-being.For example, think about what happens when you go walking in the countryside. You might feel stressed when you start out, but slowly, after-a couple of miles, your mind begins to settle down. The beauty and stillness of nature attracts your attention and you’re no longer in your thought-chatter. By the end of the walk you feel almost like a different person. You feel more alive, and much happier—largely because your mind is now quiet.This is why people love to look at beautiful works of art. When people see the paintings of Monet or van Gogh, they experience a mind-stopping mo ment, in which they’re taken out of their thinking minds and experience a sense of great well-being.The strange thing is, though, that most of the time this happens unconsciously (不知不觉地). We usually don’t associate this well-being with a quiet mind. And w e usually don’t think of a quiet mind as the aim or result of these activities.Our estimate of how enjoyable an activity is may depend on its mind-stopping capacity. In other words, the very best performances—and the most rewarding activities—are those which are so attractive and intense that they can completely stop our minds.I’m not saying that inner quietness is the only reason why we enjoy these activities. Nevertheless, we should certainly become more aware of the association of a quiet mind with well-being. And at the same time we should be aware that it’s possible for us to consciously and directly create a quiet mind; rather than as a byproduct of certain activities. And in the end we might develop a permanent quiet mind and attain a state of ongoing contentment and harmony.12.What can be inferred about thought-chatter试卷第1页,共3页A.It requires a lot of practice.C.It might be a talk with a friend.B.It might be unpleasant at times.D.It helps reach a state of silence.13.What are the examples of activities mentioned in the text mainly aboutA.What activities lead to well-being.B.What can be done to reduce stress.C.How we can make our minds quiet.D.How mental quietness leads to well-being.14.How can we determine how much pleasure an activity can give usA.By judging how much stress it can increase.B.By judging whether it takes place unconsciously.C.By judging to what extent it can quiet our minds.D.By judging whether it associates with well-being.15.What does the author intend to highlight in the last paragraphA.Creating a quiet mind for all time.B.Living a peaceful life permanently.C.Being in harmony with inner quietness.D.Participating in activities for inner quietness.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学2025届高三上学期8月月考 化学试题可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 S-32 Fe-56 Cu-64一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题3分,共45分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1. 《厉害了,我的国》展示了中国科技举世瞩目的成就。
下列说法错误的是 A. “祝融号”火星车储能用的正十一烷属于烃类B. 港珠澳大桥使用高性能富锌底漆是依据外加电流法防腐C. “天和核心舱”电推进系统采用的氮化硼陶瓷属于新型无机非金属材料D. 月球探测器带回的月壤样品中含磷酸盐晶体,其结构可用X 射线衍射仪测定 【答案】B 【解析】【详解】A .正十一烷的分子式为C 11H 24,正十一烷只由C 、H 两种元素组成,属于烃类,A 项正确; B .由于Zn 比Fe 活泼,Zn 为负极被腐蚀,钢铁为正极被保护,此依据是牺牲阳极法防腐,B 项错误; C .氮化硼陶瓷属于新型无机非金属材料,C 项正确;D .测定晶体结构最常用的仪器是X 射线衍射仪,故可用X 射线衍射仪测定磷酸盐晶体的结构,D 项正确; 答案选B 。
2. 科学家发现了一种四苯基卟啉络合的铁催化剂(Q),在可见光的照射下可以将2CO 还原为4CH 。
下列有关叙述错误的是A. Q 中N 原子都是2sp 杂化B. Fe 提供空轨道形成配位键C. Q 所含第二周期元素中,N 的电负性最大D. 1mol Q 含36mol 3s sp −型σ键【答案】A 【解析】【详解】A .Q 中N 原子有两种杂化方式外围带正电荷的N 形成4个共价键为sp 3杂化,形成配位键的N 为2sp 杂化,A 错误;B .N 、Cl 原子提供孤电子对,Fe 提供空轨道,形成配位键,B 正确;C .Q 含H 、C 、N 、Cl 、Fe 元素,N 、C 为第二周期元素,N 的电负性大于C ,C 正确;D .1个Q 含12个甲基,甲基上C-H 键是3s sp −型σ键,则1mol Q 含36mol 3s sp −型σ键,D 正确; 故选A 。
哈三中2024-2025学年度上学期高三学年8月月考化学试卷可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 O-16 S-32 Cl-35.5 Ca-40 Ti-48 Mn-55 Fe-56 Cu-64第Ⅰ卷(共45分)一、选择题(本题共15小题,每小题3分,共45分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求。
)1.下列物质属于盐的是( )A .纯碱B .石英C .生石灰D .铁红2.刚刚闭幕的巴黎奥运会上,大批中国制造的体育装备出现在赛场。
下列装备所用材料属于无机非金属材料的是()A .柔道垫最底层的防滑层使用的聚苯醚B .乒乓球场的地板采用的SES 新型橡胶材料C .乒乓球台可变灯光控制系统中的含硅芯片D .举重比赛用的杠铃使用的特种钢3.环境问题与人类生活息息相关,下列有关环境问题的说法错误的是( )A .改变能源结构开发利用清洁能源能从根本上解决酸雨问题B .大量施用氮肥会污染水资源并且使大气中的二氧化氮增多C .氮氧化物是形成光化学烟雾、雾霾及酸雨的一个重要原因D .对化石燃料预先进行脱硫处理能促进碳中和减缓温室效应4.下列物质的使用不涉及化学变化的是( )A .做饮用水处理剂B .热的祛除油污C .硅胶做食品干燥剂D .做漂白剂5.碳、硅及其化合物在生活、生产、航空、航天、信息和新能源等领域有着广泛的用途。
下列性质与用途对应关系不正确的是()A .硅具有半导体性能,可以用于生产人造卫星的太阳能电池板B .二氧化硅熔点高,可以用石英坩埚加热石灰石C .硅酸盐化学性质稳定,可以用于生产餐具D .石墨烯电阻率低,可以用于生产超级电容器6.下列说法正确的是()A .工业上将通入冷的石灰水中制漂白粉B .工业上通过电解熔融冶炼金属铝C .工业制硫酸最后一步是用水吸收D .工业上用NaCl 、、、为原料制取纯碱24K FeO 23Na CO 2SO 2Cl 3AlCl 3SO 3NH 2CO 2H O7.部分含硫物质的分类与相应化合价关系如图所示。
邵阳市2025届高三第一次月考英语试题命题人:时间:120分钟(答案在最后)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What color is the dress the woman is trying on?A.Yellow.B.Orange.C.Blue.2.What is the man's job probably?A.A novelist.B.A cartoonist.C.A reporter.3.What kind of occasion are the speakers probably celebrating?A.A wedding.B.A holiday.C.A birthday.4.How does the woman prefer to learn?A.By reading books.B.By watching videos.C.By using the Internet.5.Who was the man angry with?A.The cinema staff.B.The woman.C.Some other audiences.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟,听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What are the speakers doing?A.Having a picnic.B.Preparing a meal.C.Shopping in a supermarket.7.What did the man want to eat at first?A.A salad.B.A sandwich.C.Noodles.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。