2019届高考英语总复习(练习)：专题2第2讲非谓语动词(含答案)

2019年高考英语短文改错专题--非谓语动词（含答案）1.Unfortunately his father died, left the family even worse off.2.He will have trouble learn English well in a year.3.While crossing the street,she was killed by an ambulance speeded by.4.It’s up to you decide whether to e at out or at home.5.On our way home,we couldn't help to talking about what we had experienced.6.If accepting for the job, you’ll be informed soon.7.The host parents took good care of us,which made us feeling at home.8.Having warned of the danger in the street at night, she went home with a friendaccompanying her.9.It took me a little while figure out these differences,but it was fun.10.We must take some measures to preserve the endangered animals from killed.11.I’m looking forward to hear from you as soon as possible.12.In fact, Americans make go to the baseball game a favorite summer outing nowadays.13.I did all that I could express myself clearly but my speech was a total failure.14.You should have the courage to admit have broken the window.15.Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood,the house is big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.16.The father as well as his three children goes skating on the freezing river every Sunday afternoon in winter.17.He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle repairing.18.Thrown their hats into the air,the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.paring to the escaped driver,I am proud of what I did.20.The woman was observed follow him closely.参考答案1.答案：Unfortunately his father died,left leaving the family even worse off. 解析：2.答案：He will have troublelearn learning English well in a year. 解析：3.答案：While crossing the street,she was killed by an ambulancespeeded speedingby. 解析：句意:过马路的时候,她被一辆飞驰而过的救护车撞死了. ambulance 与speed by (飞驰而过)之间为逻辑t 的主动关系.要用现在分词作后置定语. 4.答案：It’s up to you to ∧decide whether to eat out or at home.解析：5.答案：On our way home,we couldn't help to talking about what we hadexperienced.解析：句意:在回家的路上, 我们禁不住谈论起我们经历过的事情.[can't help doing sth.为固定句型,意为:情不自禁地做某事。

2019年高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(名师精选全国真题+实战训练，建议下载练习)一、用所给词的适当形式填空：①We agreed ________(meet) here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.②The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ________(catch)．③Janey pretended __________(write) when her mother came in.④I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.⑤The doctor advised him ________(stop) smoking.二、用所给词的适当形式填空：①I often hear him ________(sing) the song.I often hear the song________(sing)．I heard him ________(sing) the song when I passed by.I heard the song ________(sing) when I passed by.②I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything ________(take) to your son?I won't have you ________(talk) to him like that!I had him ________(repair) my bike.I had my bike ________(repair)．You shouldn't have the light ________(burn) all the night.③His letter left me ________(feel) pretty bad.He left the work________(unfinish)．You can leave him ________(finish) the work.What she said set me ________(think)．The push sent him ________(fall) down.非谓语动词热点考向一非谓语动词作状语1. 分词作状语(1)分词作状语的形式形式意义doing 主动、进行having done 主动、完成（先于谓语动词发生）done 被动、完成；用作形容词，表状态being done 被动、进行，意为“正在被做”having been done 被动、完成(2)分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

非谓语动词练习李仕才1. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind,__________ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized2. Recently a survey _____________ prices of the same g oods in two dif ferentsupermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A. comparedB. comparingC. comparesD. being compared3. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired ______________on yourfeet.A. to keepB. keepingC. having keptD. to have kept4. Before you decide to leave your job, _____________ the effect it will have onyour family.A. considerB. consideringC. to considerD. considered5. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ___________________ someschools for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up6. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit7. The lecture, at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observationof the moon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startedC. to startD. to be started8. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to preventChinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.A. attackingB. having attackedC. being attackedD. havingbeen attacked9. Pressed from his parents, and that he has wasted t oo much time,the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realizeD. beingrealized10. Tony lent me the money, that I’d do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped11. One learns a language by making mistakes and them.A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD. correcting12. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD. to be offered13. in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy aNew iPad.A. StandingB. To standC. StoodD. Stand14. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.A. to followB. followingC. followedD. follows15. He got up late and hurried to his office, the breakfast untouched.A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left16. an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. BasedB. BasingC. BaseD. To base17. The young man, _____________ several attempts to beat the world record in high jumping, decided to ha ve another try.A. to makeB. makingC. madeD. having made18. I have a lot of readings ________________ before the end of this term.A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed19. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ______________ from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD.borrowing20. So far nobody has claimed the money ______________________ in the library.A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveringD. having discovered21. In many people’s opi nion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant____________.A. to deal withB. dealing withC. to be dealt withD. dealt with22. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _____________________.A. to discoverB. to be discoveredC. discoveredD. being discovered23. ________________ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. CompletingB. Having completedC. To have completedD. To complete24. _______________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouragedB. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Having encouraged25. Alexander tried to get his work __________________ in the medical circles.A. to recognizeB. recognizingC. recognizeD. recognized26. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it______________.A. reusingB. reusedC. reusesD. to be reused27. Please remain ________________; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A. seatingB. seatedC. to seatD. to be seated1. C 解析：考查非谓语动词。

2.动词（1）时态与语态A.时态的定义要了解英语中的时态需思考三个问题：1）英语中有没有时态2）英语如何体现时态 3）汉语中有没有时态下面我们通过三句话来解决这三个问题a.我买了一本书.b.I buy a book today.c.I bought a book yesterday.因此英语的时态是通过动词的形式和时间来体现的，即，所谓时态就是在不同的时间发生动作或存在状态但用动词的不同形式来表达.B.时态的种类英语时态可分为三大类一般时进行时完成时一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去进行时现在完成进行时一般将来时将来进行时过去完成时过去将来时将来完成时高考中常考4中时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时C.具体时态的讲解（从时间和动词形式的角度）A.）一般现在时1）时间：现在2）动词：do/does3）用法:注意真理和客观事实，例如：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.B.）一般过去时1）时间：过去2）动词：did3）用法：已发生，但与现在无关，例如：He bought a book yesterday.（是昨天买的，但今天有没有买不知道）C.）一般将来时与过去将来时1）时间：都发生在将来（区分两个将来）一般将来时是相对于现在的将来，过去将来时是相对于过去的将来，对比：He says that he will go to America next year.He said that he would go to America next year.2）动词：will do/would do3）用法:还未发生.注意“主将从现”的特殊用法在时间状语从句和条件中语从句中可使用“主将从现”，即主语用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时.例如：If you go to the part tomorrow, you will have a good time.D.）进行时1)时间：时间点（具体的时间点或抽象的时间点）He was doing his work at 8:00 yesterday morning.(具体时间点)He was waiting his friends in the airport when I arrived at his home.（抽象时间点）2)动词：be+doing现在进行时：is/am/are doing过去进行时：was/were doing将来进行时：will be doing3)用法:正在做或未完成E.）现在完成时1）时间：过去持续到现在或过去动作对现在造成影响注意：a.持续不可中断：He lived in Beijing for 3 years, but now he lives in Shanghai.b.延续性动词与瞬间动词的转化：He has kept the book for 3 years.(本句中不能用has bought) 2）动词：have/has + done3）用法:动作过去发生但与现在有关4）句型：a. Sine +时间点b. For +时间段c. 主句+sine从句（主语用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时）d. It is/have been+时间+sine从句（从句用一般过去时）e. It is +次数+(that)从句（从句用一般过去时）5）标志词：so far, recently, in the past/last+时间例如：My hometown has changed a lot in the past five years.F.）过去完成时1）时间：过去的过去2）动词：had + doneWhen I arrived at the station, the train had left.It was+次数+（that）+从句（从句用过去完成时）G.）几种易混时态的辨析1）．一般现在时与现在进行时(1)一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性动作，常伴随使用usually，often，seldom等频度副词；现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态，常跟now，at present等时间状语.He usually writes a lot of letters，but he isn't writing at present.他经常写许多信，但他现在没在写.(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理时，要用一般现在时，不能用现在进行时.The Earth goes around the Sun.地球绕着太阳转.2）．一般过去时与过去进行时(1)一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作.I was reading a novel last night.昨晚我在看小说(可能没看完).I read a novel last night.我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完了).(2)一般过去时用于表示一个单纯动作，过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间反复做的动作.Did he ask questions?他提问题了吗？He was asking questions all the time.他始终在提问题.(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实)，过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景).He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事).He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一直在画画，没干别的事).(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实)，过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景).He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事).He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一直在画画，没干别的事).3）．现在完成时与一般过去时(1)两者都表示发生在过去的动作.但现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系，主要说明现在的情况；一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系.例如：They've gone to Paris.他们到巴黎去了(说明他们现在去巴黎了，不在这里).They went to Paris.他们去过巴黎(只说明去过，不表明是否现在仍在那里).(2)现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间，可与so far，up to now，lately，ever since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用，但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；一般过去时表示的是过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间.I haven't seen the film yet.我还没看过这部影片(到目前为止).I saw the film the day before yesterday.我前天看的这部电影(表明看电影的时间是在前天).4）．过去完成时与一般过去时(1)一般过去时通常与具体过去时间状语连用；即使没有时间状语，根据具体的语言环境，我们也可以作出明确的判断.(2)过去完成时是一种相对的时态，表示在过去某时刻之前发生.时间参照点与一般过去时不同，一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言，过去完成时则是与过去某一时刻而言的，即“过去的过去”.5．一般将来时与将来进行时一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作.She is sixteen，who will be seventeen next year.她十六岁，明年将十七岁.What will you be doing at this time next Monday?下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢？5）．一般将来时与将来进行时一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作.She is sixteen，who will be seventeen next year.她十六岁，明年将十七岁.What will you be doing at this time next Monday?下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢？(2)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性.如：Have you been meeting her lately？(经常相见)Have you met her lately？(不重复发生)(3)现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩；而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言.如：Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.(显然是在表扬玛丽)Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.(只说明一个事实)D. 被动语态1）一般形式Be+done2）具体时态的被动一般现在时的被动：is/am/are+done一般过去时的被动：was/were+done现在完成时的被动：have/has been done过去完成时的被动：had been done3）特殊用法(1)英语中有很多动词，如break，catch，clean，drive，look，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily，well等副词连用.This kind of cloth washes well.这种布好洗.The sign reads as follows.这牌子告示如下.This material won't wear.这种材料不耐穿.The machine runs well.这种机器运转良好.特别提醒：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响.(2)表示感受、感官的系动词feel，sound，taste，look等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式.Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来合理.(3)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式.The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这所房子需要修理.(4)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义.这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等.The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出.(可看作to work out省略了for me)(5)be to rent/blame/let也属于主动形式表被动意义.Who is to blame for the mistake?谁应为这个错误接受谴责？The houses are to let.这些房子有待出租.(6)介词in，on，under等＋名词构成介词短语表被动意义.表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词.常见的有：under control受控制；under treatment在治疗中；under repair在修理中；under discussion在讨论中；under construction在施工中；beyond belief令人难以置信；beyond one's reach鞭长莫及；beyond one's control无法控制；beyond our hope我们始料不及；for sale出售；for rent出租；in print在印刷中；in sight在视野范围内；on sale出售；on show展出；on trial受审；out of control 控制不了；out of sight超出视线；out of one's reach够不着；out of fashion不流行.如：The rumor is beyond belief(＝can't be believed)．那个谣言令人难以置信.Today some treasures are on show(＝are being shown)in the museum.今天一些珍宝正在博物馆展出.（2）非谓语动词A.非谓语动词与谓语动词的区别形式不同：谓语动词do/does/did，谓语动词的基本功能是做谓语，因此时态语态一定属于谓语动词.非谓语动词doing/to do/done(基本形式)，其实质还是动词，但在句子中不做谓语而是做除谓语以外的其他成分.B.非谓语动词的使用范围非谓语一定用在简单句中或复合句的单句中C.非谓语动词的形式（包含变式结构）及意义Doing to do done主动，进行将来，主动被动，完成Being done to be done被动，进行将来，被动Having done主动，完成非谓语的否定是在非谓语前面加not：not doing/not to doViewing from the top of the mountain, I can see a beautiful city.View和主语I是主动关系，所以用doing.Viewed from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.View和主语 the city是被动关系，所以用done.D.不定式的用法1）表将来（分为被动和主动两种形式）2）表目的，一般能翻译为“为了......，来......”就用to doTo get there on time I got up very early.3）表结果，一般用only to doThe reporter hurried to the airport,only to be told the start had left.4）表原因We were very excited to hear the news.5）一些形容词如：difficult, hard, easy,happy,pleasant等后面接to do6）固定句型：it is +adj/n for/of sb. +to doE.非谓语的特殊用法（被动形式表主动意义）和with复合结构1）特殊用法部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等.Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound.2）With复合结构with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系.With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系)，he almost forgot everything in the past.随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情.He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind his back.他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着.3）独立主格如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，须在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语.(1)名词/主格代词＋现在分词名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系.The girl staring at him(＝As the girl stared at him)，he didn't know what to say.女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好.(2)名词/主格代词＋过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系.The problems solved(＝As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了.(3)名词/主格代词＋不定式名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作.He is going to make a model plane，some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型.F.动词后接doing和to do 的区别注意1．动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语.此时，逻辑主语可以是物主代词、人称代词的宾格或所有格.Do you mind my/me reading your paper?你介意我看你的考卷吗？2．作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式，还有完成式、被动式. 完成式表示该动作比谓语动作先发生.否定式在doing/to do前加not.(1)I regret not having taken her advice.(not须放在having前)我感到遗憾，没有听从她的建议.(2)They couldn't stand being treated like that.他们不能忍受被那样对待.(3)He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job.他决定帮我，但我假装已经完成工作了.G.高考中常见非谓语固定搭配(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语.(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语.（3）情态动词与虚拟语气A.情态动词1）情态动词基本含义一、can/could与be able to1．can/could用来表示“一般能力”；be able to有多种时态，且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”.如：My grandma is over seventy，but she can still read without glasses.They will be able to tell you the news soon.He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.2．表示允许可用can或could，与may/might意义接近.could可用于现在时，只是语气更加委婉、客气，回答时则一般要用can而不用could.—Could I have the television on?—Yes，you can./No，you can't.二、may与might1．表示允许，意为“可以，许可”，用法基本上同can与could.如：May I use your bicycle?2．表示可能性，意为“也许，可能”.如：According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.3．may可以放在句首，表示祝愿.如：May good luck be yours!三、must与have to1．must用来表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观的需要，强调外界压力，不得已而为之.如：He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作.(主观上要做这件事)My brother was ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟生病了，我只得半夜里把医生请来.(客观上需要做这件事)2．表示“不必”，须用don't have to或needn't.must的否定式表示“禁止，绝对不可”.如：You don't have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他那件事.You mustn't tell him about it.你绝不能告诉他那件事.—Must we do it now?我们必须现在做吗？—No, you needn't.不，你们不必.四、shall1．用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见或请求指示.如：What shall he do next?他下一步干什么呢？2．用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思.如：He shall stay in bed.他必须躺在床上.You shall have it back next week.下周一定还你.He says he won't go, but I say he shall.他说他不去，但我说他必须去.五、will与would1．will用于各种人称，表示“意志、意愿”或“决心”等.如：If you will keep your watch half an hour slow, it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.如果你想要让你的表慢半个小时，你约会时迟到就不足为怪了.2．will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是，惯于”的含义.如：An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的.3．would可表示过去反复发生的动作.如：On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.星期天他总是早起去钓鱼.六、should与ought to1．should表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意.如：You should learn from each other.2．ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事.如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.3．should和ought to也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会……”.如：—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.—2）情态动词表推测1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't意为“不可能”，语气很强烈.It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷.Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？—Let's visit Tom together, Stephen.—There's no need to do so. He can't be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.——Stephen，咱们一起拜访汤姆吧.——没必要这样做.他一定不在家，因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班.2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气.The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could).—It's the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.—Oh, sorry.——这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西.——噢，对不起.4．should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思.There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lotin the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了这么多，通过路考应该没什么困难.3）情态动词+have done1．should/ought to＋have done，表示“过去本应该做而(实际)没有做的事情”，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”.其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have＋done”，表示某种行为本不该发生但实际上发生了.I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.我本不应该看那部电影——它会令我做噩梦.You ought to have come to the party yesterday, but why didn't you come?昨天你本来应该参加聚会的，可是你为什么不来？2．must＋have done，用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测.注意，对过去发生的情况的否定推测常用“can't/couldn't＋have done”表示.—Ye Shiwen won two gold medals in London Olympic Games.—She must have gone through tough training.——叶诗文在伦敦奥运会获得了两枚金牌.——她肯定受到严格的训练.—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.—Well. He can't have gone far—his coat's still here.——你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他.——大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远.3．needn't＋have done，表示“过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了某事”.Mark needn't have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.马克本没必要那么匆忙.他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时.4．may/might＋have done，表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性的推测，表示“可能已做了某事……”，否定句表示“可能还没有……”.Sorry, I'm late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了.我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了.5．could＋have done表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；can/could＋have done表示“过去可能做了某件事”.I could have saved the poor rabbit, but I didn't have the right drugs with me at that moment.我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的，可是我当时没有合适的药品.B.虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法1.在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构.如：Had it not been for your help, we wouldn't have achieved so much.2．介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件.如：I wouldn't have made such rapid progress without your help.3．有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整.如：If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.二、“should＋动词原形”表示的虚拟语气这一类型常见词有“一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(request, require, demand, desire)”.以上词及其派生名词所接的名词性从句都使用“(should ＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气.①Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill, and her mother suggested that she(should) havea medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她母亲建议她去检查身体.②She insisted that the man had stolen her car and that he(should) be sent to prison.她坚持说那个男人偷了她的车，并坚决要求他坐牢.三、特殊句式中的虚拟语气If only/It's (high) time (that)．..wish/would rather/as if等固定句式要求用相应的虚拟语气表达形式.①I wish I could f ly.真希望我能飞.②I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来.③If only I had taken your advice!要是听从了你的建议该多好啊！（4）主谓一致主谓一致的考察只能体现为对be动词或原形三单的考察A.两个常考原则1）就近原则这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, either… or …，neither… nor …，not only… but also …等.例如：Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.不是我，就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任.Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的话，也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧.Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.不仅仅是他，而且是他全家人都很热衷于音乐会.Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.他全家人和他都不知道那件事.2）就远原则当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including in addition to, more than,no less than, rather than, together with, with等引导的词组时，谓语动词这些词与前面的主语保持一致.Petroleum, along with fuel gas, has recently risen in price.最近石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了.The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊.The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊.The warehouse, with all its stockings, was burned last night.昨晚，那个仓库连同其所有的货物一起被烧毁了.B.并列主语的主谓一致1．两个单数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词常用复数形式.如：Tom and Jack were close friends.汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友.2．两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一个概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式.如：The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会.3．被every, each, many a, no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数形式.其中，后一个限定词可省略.如：Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果.4．一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数.如：What he says and does do not agree.他言行不一致.Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活俭朴是一种优良的品质.English and American literature are appealing to her.英国文学和美国文学都对她有吸引力.5．由and连接的两个what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数.如：What he says and does does not concern me.他的言行与我无关.6．由or, nor, either...or，neither...nor, not only...but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致.如：One or two friends are coming this evening.今天晚上有一两个朋友要来.Neither I nor he is in favour of her marriage.我和他都不赞成她的婚姻.7．“单数名词＋with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, as much as, but, except等＋名词”作主语时，谓语仍用单数形式. 如：Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive on the evening flight.史密斯博士及其夫人将乘晚班飞机抵达.Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.除了一个老师和三个学生外，没有人在实验室里.C.某些名词作主语时的主谓一致1．集体名词family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience, crowd, government, committee 等作主语时，动词的单复数形式要根据主语所指的意义而定.当把集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词常用复数形式.如：The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成.The class are doing experiments.全班学生正在做实验.2．由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式.但如果这类名词前用了a pair of或two/three/...pairs of来修饰，谓语动词的数往往取决于pair的单复数形式.如：Your glasses are very nice.你的眼镜很漂亮.This pair of trousers is mine.这条裤子是我的.。

第二讲非谓语动词考查非谓语动词的句法功能了解句法功能Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1．(2017·浙江卷6月)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ____________ (cook) a meal.to cook解析：此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to cook。

2．(2017·北京卷)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ____________ (spend) with his students.spent解析：time和spend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。

3．(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ____________ (catch)．to catch解析：此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。

4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots, ____________ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.using解析：主语people与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。

5．(2016·浙江卷)A sudden stop can be a very ____________ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.frightening解析：此处修饰名词experience，根据句意此处指“令人可怕的经历”，所以experience名词前面用动词的-ing形式作定语。

专题2 非谓语动词考点1 非谓语动词的独立主格结构真题解密The party will be held in the garden，weather________. (2019·大纲全国Ⅰ，28) A．permitting B．to permitC．permitted D．permit答案 A解析句意为：如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。

weather permitting是独立主格形式，相当于if 引导的条件状语从句，即if weather permits。

变式训练Bats are surprisingly long­lived creatures，some________a life span of around 20 years.(2019·浙江，3)A．having B．hadC．have D．to have答案 A解析句意为：蝙蝠是令人吃惊的长寿动物，有些蝙蝠的生命周期达到大约20年。

分析句式结构可知，这是一个简单句，中间用逗号分隔，所以后半句是对前半句的补充说明，some是逻辑主语，其后应跟非谓语动词形式，由于some与have之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式，构成独立主格结构。

知识生成1．独立主格结构由“普通格名词(或主格代词)＋分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成，在句中作状语，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。

Mary coming back，they discussed it together.玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。

Good luck given，I will earn more money than all of you.运气好的话，我挣得钱将比你们所有人挣得都多。

2．介词独立结构with sb./sth.＋doing/done/to do，其中非谓语动词作宾补，根据宾语和宾补之间的关系确定用现在分词还是过去分词。

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（10）：非谓语动词含解析【考点解读】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing和过去分词等几种形式，这是历年高考必考内容，每年都会有1-2题涉及该部分要点。

考点集中在：非谓语动词作定语的区别;动名词和不定式作宾语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词的用法比较;特定句型中非谓语动词的用法等。

【高考考点透视】1. 非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比；2. 非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点；3. 非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式；4. 不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比；5. 不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的热点；6. 过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法；7. 不定式标志to和介词to的用法判断等；8. 带to与不带to的不定式的用法及区别。

考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。

如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。

要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。

如：1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.【答案与解析】根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。

主语是The children，谓语部分是will go on the stage，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。

依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为playing。

考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。

2019年高考英语全国卷2答案及解析绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·全国Ⅱ卷英语(满分150分，考试时间120分钟)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a library.B. In a bookstore.C.Inaclassroom.2. How does the woman feel now? A. Relaxed.B. Excited.C. Tired.3. How much will the man pay? A. $20.B. $80.C. $100.4. What does the man tell Jane to do? A. Postpone his appointment. B. Meet Mr. Douglas. C. Return at 3 o’clock.5. Why would David quit his job? A. T o go back to school.B. To start his own firm.C. To work for his friend.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What does the man want the woman to do?A. Check the cupboard.B. Clean the balcony.C. Buy an umbrella.7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Employer and employee.C. Shop assistant and customer.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

高考二轮复习专题⒈(2019·江苏)________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A.To enjoyB.EnjoyingC.To have enjoyedD.Enjoy⒉(2019·江苏)China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries_____its role in international affairs.A.recognizingB.being recognizedC.to be recognizedD.recognized⒊(2019•天津)________to think critically is an important skill today s children will need for the future.A.LearnB.LearnedC.LearningD.Having learned⒋(2019•天津)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially________to help them succeed academically and personally.A.designedB.designingC.to designD.being designed⒌(2019•天津)______volcanoes for many years,I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.A.To studyB.StudyingC.Having studiedD.Studied⒍(2019•天津)The sign on the wall of the library says,“No magazine is allowed______out of the reading room”.A.being takenB.to takeC.to be takenD.taking⒎(2018·北京)______along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A.TravelB.TravelingC.Having traveledD.Traveled⒏(2018·北京)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together______a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A.shareB.to shareC.having sharedD.shared⒐(2018·北京Ordinary soap,______correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.edB.to useinge⒑(2018·天津)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph______.A.takingB.takenC.being takenD.take⒒(2018·天津)I didn't mean______anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help_______it.A.to eat;to tryB.eating;tryingC.eating;to tryD.to eat;trying⒓(2018·江苏)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,________the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.A.having exceededB.to exceedC.exceededD.exceeding⒔(2017·江苏)Many Chinese brands,_______their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.A.having developedB.being developedC.developedD.developing⒕(2017·天津)I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train_________.A.catchingB.caughtC.to catchD.to be caught⒖(2017·天津)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,_______more patients to be treated.A.being allowedB.allowingC.having allowedD.allowed⒗(2017·北京)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding______passes online their valuable time.A.saveB.savingC.to saveD.saved⒘(2017·北京)The national park has a large collection of wildlife,________from butterflies to elephants.A.rangingB.rangeC.to rangeD.ranged⒙(2017·北京)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time______with his students.A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent⒚（2016•浙江）To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in 2012.A.having conductedB. to be conductedC. conductingD. conducted⒛（2016•浙江）I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _______with students.A. workingB. workC. to workD. worked21.（2016•天津）The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary.A. makingB. to makeC. madeD. being made22.（2016•北京）________it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.A. MadeB. MakeC. MakingD. To make23.（2016•北京）______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. OrderingB. To orderC. Having orderedD. Ordered24.（2016•北京）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ______ the old town into a dreamland.A. turnB. turningC. to turnD. turned25.（2015•安徽）_________ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.A. IgnoreB. IgnoringC. IgnoredD. Having ignored26.（2015•福建)_______more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.A. LearnB. LearnedC. To learnD. To be learning27.（2015•福建）In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, ________the sense of “information” and " atmosphere".A. combineB. combinedC. combiningD. being combined28.（2015•四川）Little Tom sat______watching the monkey dancing in front of him.A. amazeB. amazingC. amazedD. to amaze29.（2015•重庆）_______in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.A.Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise30.（2015•重庆）Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.A. usedB. having usedC. usingD. use31.（2015•浙江）Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ______ live is quite another.A. performB. performingC. to performD. being performed32.（2015•江苏）Much time _______ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A. being spentB. having spentC. spentD. spending33.（2015•湖南）When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rootedto the ground, _______ whether to stay or leave.A.wonderingB.wonderC.to wonderD.wondered34.（2015•湖南）Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students_______what is bothering them.A.to talk overB.talked overC.talk overD.having talked over35.（2015•北京）______the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A. CatchingB. CaughtC. To catchD. Catch36.（2015•北京）The park was full of people ____ themselves in the sunshineA. having enjoyedB. enjoyedC. enjoyingD. to enjoy37.（2015•陕西）After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on _______ all the people who had helped in her career.A. to thankB. thankingC. having thankedD. to have thanked38.（2015•陕西）Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ good care of at home.A. takingB. takenC. takeD. be taken39.（2015•天津）________in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.A. To absorbB. To be absorbedC. AbsorbedD. Absorbing40.（2015•天津)_________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.A. To workB. WorkedC. To be workingD. Having worked41.（2014•大纲版全国）Today there are more airplanes _______ more people than ever before in the skies.A. carryB. carryingC. carriedD. to be carrying42.（2014•大纲版全国）___________ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.A. CallingB. CallC. To callD. Having called43.（2014•陕西）_________ (work) out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.44.（2014•天津）Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ______it didn’t fit.A.to findB.foundC.findingD.having found45.（2014•天津）Clearly and thoughtfully______, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.A.writingB.to writeC.writtenD.being written46.（2014•江苏）The lecture _________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.A.being givenB. having givenC. to be givenD. having been given47.（2014•北京）Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV.A. watchB. to watchC. watchedD. watching48.（2014•北京）There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A. solvingB. solvedC. being solvedD.to be solved49.（2014•北京）The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without_______.A.recognizingB. being recognizedC. having recognizedD. having been recognized50.（2014•福建）_____ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.A. SpendingB. SpentC. Having spentD. To spend51.（2014•福建）For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________.A. connectedB. connectingC. to connectD. to be connected52.（2014•安徽）While waiting for the opportunity to get______ , Henry did his best to perform his duty.A. promoteB. promotedC. promotingD. to promote53.（2014•重庆）The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _____ to our shop for quality problems.A. returningB. returnedC. to returnD. to be returned54.（2014•四川）The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.A. having developedB. to developC. developedD. develop55.（2014•四川）— I hope to take the computer course.— Good idea.________more about it, visit this website.A.To find outB. Finding outC. To be finding outD. Having found out56.（2014•湖南）____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.A.UnderstandingB. To be understoodC. Being understoodD. Having understood57.（2014•湖南）There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _______at the night sky.A. to stareB. staringC. staredD. having stared58.（2014•湖南）_____what you’re doing today important, because you’re trading a day of your life for itA.MakeB. To makeC. MakingD. Made59.（2014•湖南）_______ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.A.Having freedB. FreedC. To freeD. Freeing60.（2014•山东）There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again.A. sayingB. saysC. saidD. having said61.（2014•山东）It’s standard practice for a company like this one________ a security officer.A. employedB. being employedC. to employD. employs62.（2014•江西）When it comes to ______ in public , no one can match him .A. speakB. speakingC. being spokenD. be spoken63.（2014•江西）_______nearly all our money , we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel .A. Having spentB. To spentC. SpentD. To have spent64.（2014•江西）He is thought _______foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.A. to actB. to have actedC. actingD. having acted65.（2014•浙江）Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ to guard her.A. to appointB. appointingC. appointedD. having appointed答案1-5 AACAC 6-10CBBAB 11-15DDACB 16-20 CADDA21-25ADDBB 26-30 CCCCC 31-35DCAAC 36-40CABCD41-42 BB 43.To work 44-45AC46-50DDDBC 51-55 ABBCA 56-60ABACA 61-65CBABC。