上海外国语大学附属浦东外国语学校2020-2021学年高二上学期第二次检测(12月)数学试题 含答案

上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2020-2021学年高二英语模拟试卷含解析一、选择题1. --- Where was it _____ you interviewed the famous actor yesterday?--- It was in the hotel _____ he stayed.A. that; whereB. which; thatC. that; thatD. which; where参考答案：A2. A bank is the place _________ they lend you an umbrella in fine weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. there参考答案：A3. Keep on trying! ________ practice is the groundwork for success in playing the piano.A. InstantB.Constant C. Eager D. Demanding参考答案：B略4. It is not what we do once in a while _____ shapes our lives, _____ what we do consistently.A. which; that;B. that; thatC. which; butD. that; but 参考答案：d略5. I should have bought the beautiful vase, but I ____________enough money.A. didn’t haveB. don’t haveC. haven’t hadD. hadn’t had 参考答案：a略6. The deserted island is only _______ by boat.A．suitable B．practical C．available D．accessible参考答案：D略7. _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed参考答案：C8. He couldn’t________the fact that the money was found in his house.A．answer for B．leave forC．account for D．care for参考答案：C9. He found a purse on the seat and decided to return it to the owner, _______ with the address on the electricity bill.A. startedB. startingC. having startedD. to start参考答案：B【详解】考查分词做状语。

上海市浦东外国语学校2020-2021学年高二上学期10月月考数学试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、填空题1．过点(1,3)P ，且方向向量为(1,1)d =-的直线的点方向式方程为________2．若增广矩阵23702m ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的线性方程组的解为21x y =⎧⎨=⎩，则实数m =________ 3．已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，若23n S n n =+-，则n a =________4．用数学归纳法证明：21427310(31)(1)n n n n ⨯+⨯+⨯+⋅⋅⋅++=+，从n k =到1n k =+，等式左边需增加的代数式为________5．直线320x y ++=的倾斜角为__.6．设1112132D n =-，则第二行第三列元素n 的代数余子式为________7．若图中的直线1l ，2l ，3l 的斜率分别为1k ，2k ，3k ，则1k ，2k ，3k 的大小关系为________8．已知3lim 13n nn nn a a →∞-=+，则实数a 的取值范围为________9．将22111133332223a b a b a b a b a b a b +-表示成三阶行列式：________ 10．若数列{}n a 是等差数列，n S 是数列的前n 项和，则n S ，2n n S S -，32n n S S -也成等差数列.类比上述结论，若数列{}n b 是等比数列，n T 是数列的前n 项积，则对应的结论为________11．如图所示，正方形上连接等腰直角三角形，直角三角形上再连接正方形……如此无限重复下去，设正方形面积为123,,,,,n S S S S ，三角形面积为123,,,,,n T T T T .当第一个正方形的边长为2时，则这些正方形和三角形的面积的总和为______.12．取出数列{},(4)n a n ≥的任意连续四项，若其中奇数项之和，偶数项之和均为同一个常数h （如连续四项1a ，2a ，3a ，4a ，满足1324a a a a h +=+=），则称数列{},(4)n a n ≥为错位等和数列，其中常数h 是公和.若n S 表示{}n a 的前n 项和，有如下命题：（1）若一个等差数列是错位等和数列，则1n a a =； （2）若一个等比数列是错位等和数列，则2n nhS =； （3）若12a a ≠，则错位等和数列一定是最小正周期为4的周期数列； （4）在错位等和数列{}n a 中，5h =，且201320146a a +=，若n 是偶数，则104,4210,4n k n k S k n k -=-⎧=⎨=⎩；其中，真命题的序号是________二、单选题13．若{}n a 为等比数列，则“135a a a <<”是“数列{}n a 是递增数列”的（ ） A ．充分不必要条件 B ．必要不充分条件 C ．充要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件14．在等式①00a ⋅=; ②00a ⋅=；③()()a b c a b c ⋅⋅=⋅⋅；④22||a a =；⑤若a b a c ⋅=⋅，则b c =；正确的个数是（ ）A ．0个B ．1个C ．2个D ．3个15．矩阵的一种运算a b x ax by c d y cx dy +⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅=⎪ ⎪ ⎪+⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭，该运算的几何意义为平面上的点(,)x y 在矩阵a b c d ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的作用下变成点(,)ax by cx dy ++，若直线1x y +-在矩阵11a b ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭的作用下变换成直线10x y --=，则+a b 的值为（ ） A ．1B ．2C ．-1D ．016．在平面直角坐标系中，定义11n n nn n nx x y y x y ++=-⎧⎨=+⎩（*n ∈N ）为点(,)n n n P x y 到点111(,)n n n P x y +++的变换，我们把它称为点变换，已知1(1,0)P ，222(,)P x y ，333(,)Px y ，⋅⋅⋅是经过点变换得到一组无穷点列，设112n n n n n a P P P P +++=⋅，则满足不等式122020n a a a ++⋅⋅⋅+>最小正整数n 的值为（ ）A ．9B ．10C ．11D ．12三、解答题17．用行列式解关于x ，y 的二元一次方程组，并对解的情况进行讨论：282(3)kx y x k y k +=⎧⎨+-=⎩18．已知直线l过点(-10y -+=的夹角为6π，求直线l 的方程 19．已知向量()3sin ,1a x =，(),1b cosx =-.（1）若a ∥b ，求tan2x 的值；（2）若()()f x a b b =+⋅，求函数()f x 的最小正周期及当0,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦时的最大值.20．直线l 过点(2,1)P ，且分别与x ，y 轴的正半轴交于A ，B 两点，O 为原点， （1）求AOB 面积最小值时，l 的方程； （2）求||||PA PB ⋅取最小值时，l 的方程.21．如果数列{}n a 对于任意n *∈N ，都有2n n a a d +-=，其中d 为常数，则称数列{}n a 是“间等差数列”，d 为“间公差”.若数列{}n a 满足1235n n a a n ++=-，n *∈N ，()1a a a R =∈.（1）求证：数列{}n a 是“间等差数列”，并求间公差d ；（2）设n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和，若n S 的最小值为-153，求实数a 的取值范围；（3）类似地：非零．．数列{}n b 对于任意n *∈N ，都有2n nb q b +=，其中q 为常数，则称数列{}n b 是“间等比数列”，q 为“间公比”.已知数列{}nc 中，满足()10,c k k k Z =≠∈，11120182n n n c c -+⎛⎫=⋅ ⎪⎝⎭，N n *∈，试问数列{}n c 是否为“间等比数列”，若是，求最大的整数．．．．．k 使得对于任意N n *∈，都有1n n c c +>；若不是，说明理由.参考答案1．13 11 x y--=-【解析】【分析】先求出直线的斜率，再求出直线的点方向式方程. 【详解】因为直线的方向向量为(1,1)d=-，所以直线的斜率为11 1=--，所以直线的点方向式方程为13 11x y--=-.故答案为：13 11 x y--=-【点睛】本题主要考查直线的点方向式方程，意在考查学生对该知识的理解掌握水平. 2．2【解析】【分析】根据增广矩阵的概念直接求解.【详解】由增广矩阵为23701m⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的线性方程组的解为21xy=⎧⎨=⎩，则0221m⨯+⨯=，得2m=.故答案为：2.【点睛】本题考查了对增广矩阵的理解与应用，属于容易题.3．1,1 2,2nn n-=⎧⎨≥⎩【解析】【分析】已知n S 与n 的关系式，利用11,1,2n n n S n a S S n -=⎧=⎨-≥⎩即可求n a 的通项公式.【详解】由已知条件，知：当1n =时，111a S ==-；当2n ≥时，2213[(1)(1)3]2n n n a S S n n n n n -=-=+---+--=； 当n=1时不满足上式，∴1,12,2n n a n n -=⎧=⎨≥⎩，故答案为：1,12,2n n n -=⎧⎨≥⎩.【点睛】本题考查了根据n a 与n S 的关系求通项公式，属于基础题. 4．(1)(34)k k ++ 【解析】 【分析】根据等式的结构，分别写出n k =和1n k =+时，等式的左边，对比即可求解. 【详解】当n k =时，等式的左边为：1427310(31)k k ⨯+⨯+⨯+⋅⋅⋅++，当1n k =+，等式的左边为：1427310(31)(1)(34)k k k k ⨯+⨯+⨯+⋅⋅⋅+++++， 所以从n k =到1n k =+，等式左边需增加的代数式为(1)(34)k k ++. 故答案为：(1)(34)k k ++. 【点睛】本题主要考查了数学归纳法及其应用，其中根据等式的结构，分别写出n k =和1n k =+时，等式的左边是解答的关键，着重考查运算能力. 5．arctan3π-【解析】 【分析】计算直线的斜率为3k =-，即tan 3θ=-，计算倾斜角得到答案. 【详解】根据题意，设直线320x y ++=的倾斜角为θ，直线320x y ++=的斜率3k =-， 则有tan 3θ=-，又由0θπ≤<，则arctan3θπ=-； 故答案为：arctan3π-. 【点睛】本题考查了直线的倾斜角，属于简单题. 6．1 【解析】 【分析】根据行列式第m 行第n 列元素的代数余子式的定义，结合行列式运算法则求得结果. 【详解】11121320D n =-，则第二行第三列元素n 的代数余子式为()()52311123132M =-=--=，故答案为：1. 【点睛】该题考查的是有关行列式第m 行第n 列元素的代数余子式的定义，属于基础题目. 7．231k k k >> 【解析】 【分析】根据题中图像，由直线斜率的性质，可直接判断出结果. 【详解】因为直线倾斜角为锐角时，斜率为正，且倾斜角越大，斜率越大；倾斜角为钝角时，斜率为负；由图像可得，10k <，230k k >>，即231k k k >>.故答案为：231k k k >>. 【点睛】本题主要考查斜率大小的判断，属于基础题. 8．()3,3- 【解析】 【分析】由题意32lim lim )133()1(1n n n n n n na a a→∞→∞--==++，可知n 趋向无穷大时3()1n a +也趋向无穷大才能使极限为1，即可求a 的取值范围. 【详解】0a =时符合题意；0a ≠时，由3()1321333()1()1n nnnn n n a a a a a--==-+++， ∴32lim lim )133()1(1n n n n n n n a a a→∞→∞--==++，即31||a >. ∴(3,3)a ∈-，且0a ≠.综上可得实数a 的取值范围为()3,3-， 故答案为：()3,3-. 【点睛】本题考查了数列极限，已知极限值求参数范围，属于简单题.9．112233123a b a b a b -- 【解析】 【分析】根据行列式的计算方法，对角线法则即可知三阶行列式.【详解】根据行列式的对角线法则，知：11221111223333223312233a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b -=+--， 故答案为：112233123a b a b a b -- 【点睛】本题考查了行列式，应用对角线法则求三阶行列式形式，属于简单题. 10．n T ，2n n T T ，32nnT T 也成等比数列. 【解析】 【分析】根据题中条件，类比等差数列的性质，在等比数列中研究n T ，2n n T T ，32nnT T 之间关键即可. 【详解】因为若数列{}n b 是等比数列，n T 是数列的前n 项积， 则12...n n b b T b ⋅⋅=，212212212.........n nn n n n nT b b b b b b T b b b ++⋅⋅==⋅⋅⋅⋅， 3123212232122.........n nn n n n nT b b b b b b T b b b ++⋅⋅==⋅⋅⋅⋅， 所以()()()()2312122232332...n n n n n n nn T b b b b b b T b b T +++=⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ ()()()()222221232...n n n n n n T b b b b T +++⎛⎫=⋅⋅⋅⋅= ⎪⎝⎭，所以n T ，2n n T T ，32nnT T 成等比数列. 故答案为：n T ，2n n T T ，32nnT T 也成等比数列. 【点睛】本题主要考查类比推理，涉及等比数列的性质，属于基础题型. 11．10 【解析】 【分析】先由题意，求出1S ，1T ，得到正方形的面积123,,,,,n S S S S 构成以4为首项，以12为公比的等比数列，三角形的面积123,,,,,n T T T T 构成以1为首项，以12为公比的等比数列，根据等比数列的前n 项和公式，以及极限的运算法则，即可得出结果. 【详解】因为第一个正方形的边长为2，所以2124S ==；，其面积为：1112T ==； 由题意，正方形的面积123,,,,,n S S S S 构成以4为首项，以12为公比的等比数列； 所以其前n 项和为11414121181812212n n n ---⎡⎤⎛⎫⨯-⎢⎥ ⎪⎡⎤⎝⎭⎢⎥⎛⎫⎛⎫⎣⎦=-=-⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦-； 三角形的面积123,,,,,n T T T T 构成以1为首项，以12为公比的等比数列； 所以其前n 项和为121112121212n n --⎡⎤⎛⎫⨯-⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎢⎥⎛⎫⎣⎦=- ⎪⎝⎭-， 因此这些正方形和三角形的面积的总和为:4211lim 821022n n n --→∞⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫-+-=⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦. 故答案为：10. 【点睛】本题主要考查求数列的极限，熟记等比数列的求和公式，以及极限的运算法则即可，属于常考题型.12．（1）（2）（3）（4） 【解析】在（1）（2）中根据等差、等比数列的性质即可知{}n a 为常数数列，即可判断正误；由43414244141n n n n n n a a a a a a ----++=+=+有4242n n a a -+=，结合已知即可判断正误；由（3）的结论及已知得126a a +=、123410a a a a +++=即可得n S ，进而可知正误. 【详解】（1）由1324a a a a h +=+=得0d =，即{}n a 为常数数列，所以1n a a =正确； （2）由1324a a a a h +=+=得1q =，所以{}n a 为常数数列，12n a h =，所以2n nhS =，正确；（3）任取四项，则4341424n n n n a a a a h ---+=+=，且4244141n n n n a a a a h --++=+=，即有4341n n a a -+=，同理4242n n a a -+=，又12a a ≠，所以错位等和数列一定是最小正周期为4的周期数列，正确；（4）由（3）及201320146a a +=，得126a a +=，又5h =，即13245a a a a +=+=，所以344a a +=，且123410a a a a +++=， 而错位等和数列一定是最小正周期为4的周期数列，所以104,4210,4n k n k S k n k -=-⎧=⎨=⎩. 故答案为：（1）（2）（3）（4） 【点睛】本题考查了数列新定义，综合应用了等差、等比数列的性质，以及数列的周期性，属于中档题. 13．B 【解析】 【分析】根据等比数列{}n a 是递增数列，得到135a a a <<一定成立，反之不成立，结合充分条件和必要条件的判定，即可求解.若等比数列{}n a 是递增数列，可得135a a a <<一定成立； 反之：例如数列{}1(1)2n n +-，此时满足135a a a <<，但数列{}n a 不是递增数列，所以“135a a a <<”是“数列{}n a 是递增数列”的必要不充分条件. 故选：B. 【点睛】本题主要考查了等比数列的单调性性，以及必要不充分条件的判定，着重考查推理与计算能力，属于基础题. 14．C 【解析】 【分析】由零向量、向量数乘、点乘等概念和性质，即可判断正误，进而确定答案. 【详解】零向量与任何向量的数量积都为0，00a ⋅=错误； 0乘以任何向量都为零向量，00a ⋅=正确；向量的加减、数乘满足结合律，而向量点乘不满足结合律，()()a b c a b c ⋅⋅=⋅⋅错误； 向量模的平方等于向量的平方，22||a a =正确；a b a c ⋅=⋅不一定有b c =，故错误；故选：C 【点睛】本题考核查了向量，利用向量相关概念、性质判断正误，属于基础题. 15．B 【解析】 【分析】根据矩阵变换，得到x x ay y bx y=+⎧⎨=+''⎩，进而得到方程(1)(1)10b x a y -+--=，列出方程组，即可求解.设(,)P x y 是直线10x y +-=上一点，在矩阵11a b ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭作用下变成(,)Q x y ''， 则x x ay y bx y =+⎧⎨=+''⎩，又由10x y ''--=，所以()()10x ay bx y +-+-=， 即(1)(1)10b x a y -+--=，所以1111b a -=⎧⎨-=⎩，解得20a b =⎧⎨=⎩，所以2a b +=.故选：B. 【点睛】本题主要考查了矩阵的运算及其应用，其中解答中熟记矩阵的运算，以及矩阵下的点的变换，求得点之间的关系式是解答的关键，着重考查推理与运算能力. 16．C 【解析】 【分析】可以先求得1a （当然可求得234,,,a a a ，然后归纳出n a ，对填空、选择题这是不错的解法），然后求得22n n n a x y =+，从而可以得12n n a a +=，说明数列{}n a 是等比数列，求得通项公式n a 后求和，由2020n S >得解．【详解】 由定义知1110x y =⎧⎨=⎩，2211x y =⎧⎨=⎩，330,2x y =⎧⎨=⎩，即23(1,1),(0,2)P P ．11223(0,1)(1,1)1a PP P P =⋅=⋅-=， 观察可得，112,n n n n n a P P P P +++=⋅112121(,)(,)n n n n n n n n x x y y x x y y ++++++=--⋅-- 11(,)(,)n n n n y x y x ++=-⋅-2211()()n n n n n n n n n n n n y y x x y x y x x y x y ++=+=++-=+， 222222111()()2()n n n n n n n n n a x y x y x y x y +++=+=-++=+2n a =， ∴数列{}n a 是等比数列，公比为2，首项为1．∴12n na ．2112122221n n n a a a -+++=++++=-，由212020n ->，解得11n ≥．即n 的最小值为11.故答案为：C 【点睛】本题考查向量的数量积，考查等比数列的通项公式与前n 项和公式．解题关键是求出22n n n a x y =+．接着顺理成章地写出1n a +，观察两项之间的关系，问题得以解决．属于难题17．当4k ≠且1k ≠-时有唯一解6141x k k y k ⎧=⎪⎪+⎨+⎪=⎪+⎩，当4k =时，有无数组解()24x tt R y t =⎧∈⎨=-+⎩，当1k =-时，原方程组无解. 【解析】 【分析】根据题意分别求行列式,,x y D D D 关于k 的表达式，再对k 的取值讨论，即可得原方程解得情况. 【详解】2(4)(1)23k D k k k ==-+-，826(4)3x D k kk ==--，8(4)(4)2y k D k k k==-+，（1）当4k ≠且1k ≠-时，0D ≠，原方程组有唯一解6141x k k y k ⎧=⎪⎪+⎨+⎪=⎪+⎩；（2）当4k =时，0x yD D D ===，原方程组有无数组解()24x tt R y t =⎧∈⎨=-+⎩； （3）当1k =-时，0D =，300x D =-≠，0y D ≠，原方程组无解. 【点睛】本题主要考查了用行列式求二元一次方程组的解和含有字母的参数的方程的解讨论等知识，属于中档题.18．10x +=或40x -+=.【解析】 【分析】10y -+=的倾斜角为3π，根据题意可得直线l 的倾斜角为2π或6π，又线l 过点(-，即可求直线方程.【详解】10y -+=的倾斜角为3π，因为直线l 过点(-10y -+=的夹角为6π， 所以直线l 的倾斜角为2π或6π，所以直线l 的方程为10x +=或40x +=. 【点睛】本题考查了直线的倾斜角和斜率的关系，考查了直线的一般方程，属于基础题.19．（1） （2）最小正周期为π ，最大值为32【解析】 【分析】（1）由//a b 得tan 3x =-，再根据二倍角的正切公式直接求解. （2）根据平面向量的数量积以及三角函数的恒等变换，化简f （x ）即可求出T ，再根据三角函数的图象与性质，求出x ∈[0，2π]时f （x ）的最大值以及对应x 的值． 【详解】解：（1）由//a b 得, cos x x =，∴tan 3x =-∴22tan tan 1tan xx x==- （2）()()23sin cos cos f x a b b x x x =+⋅=+111cos2sin 222262x x x π⎛⎫=++=++ ⎪⎝⎭∴函数()f x 的最小正周期为22T ππ== 当0,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦ 时，72666x πππ≤+≤ ∴当262x ππ+=，即6x π=时，()max 362f x f π⎛⎫==⎪⎝⎭. 【点睛】本题考查了共线向量的坐标运算，平面向量的数量积和三角函数的恒等变换以及三角函数的图象与性质的应用问题，是综合性题目． 20．（1）240x y +-=；（2）30x y +-=. 【解析】 【分析】（1）设AB 方程为1x ya b+=，点(2,1)P 代入后，应用基本不等式求出ab 的最小值等号成立条件，即得三角形OAB 面积取最小值时的直线方程．（2）设直线l 的点斜式方程，求出A ，B 两点的坐标，代入||||PA PB 的解析式，使用基本不等式，求出最小值等号成立条件即可得答案． 【详解】（1）设(,0)A a 、(0B ，b )，0a >，0b >，AB 方程为1x ya b+=，点(2,1)P 代入得21212a b ab+=，8ab ∴ 当且仅当21a b=，且211a b +=，解得4a =，2b =时，等号成立，故三角形OAB 面积142S ab =，此时直线方程为：142x y+=， 即240x y +-=．（2）设直线:1(2),0l y k x k -=-<，分别令0y =，0x =， 得1(2A k-，0)，(0,12)-B k ．则||||4PA PB =， 当且仅当21k =，即1k =±时，||||PA PB 取最小值， 又0k <，1k ∴=-，这时l 的方程为30x y +-=． 【点睛】本题考查直线在坐标轴上的截距的定义，直线的截距式、点斜式与一般方程的应用，以及基本不等式的应用，属于中档题．21．（1）见解析；（2）17a ≥-；（3）63. 【解析】 【分析】（1）直接利用定义求出数列为间等差数列．（2）利用分类讨论思想，利用数列的前n 项和公式求出数列的和，进一步利用不等量关系求出结果．（3）利用分类讨论思想，进一步求出数列的通项公式，再利用函数的单调性求出k 的最大值． 【详解】（1）若数列{a n }满足a n +a n+1＝2n ﹣35，n∈N*，则：a n+1+a n+2＝2（n+1）﹣35， 两式相减得：a n+2﹣a n ＝2．故数列{a n }是“间等差数列”，公差d ＝2． （2）（i ）当n ＝2k 时，n S =（a 1+a 2）+（a 3+a 4）+…+（a n ﹣1+a n ）＝﹣33﹣29+…+（2n ﹣37）＝易知：当n ＝18时，最小值S 18＝﹣153． （ii ）当n ＝2k+1时，S n ＝a 1+（a 2+a 3）+（a 4+a 5）+…+（a n ﹣1+a n ）＝a 1+（﹣31）+（﹣29）+…+（2n ﹣37）＝，当n ＝17时最小，其最小值为S 17＝a ﹣136，要使其最小值为﹣153， 则：a ﹣136≥﹣153，解得：a≥﹣17．（3）易知：c n c n+1＝2018•（）n ﹣1，则：c n+1c n+2＝2018•（）n ，两式相除得：212n n C c +=，故数列{c n }为“间等比数列”，其间等比为．，易求出数列的通项公式为：，由于c n ＞c n+1，则数列{c n }单调递减．那么，奇数项和偶数项都为单调递减，所以：k ＞0． 要使数列为单调递减数列．只需c 2m ﹣1＞c 2m ＞c 2m+1， 即：，k <<k 63=.【点睛】本题考查了数列的通项公式的求法及应用，数列的前n 项和的应用，函数的单调性的应用，主要考查学生的运算能力和转化能力，属于中档题．。

2020学年第一学期上外附中高二年级数学期末考试试卷一、填空题（共14小题，每题3分，满分42分） 1.计算：212 (i)n nn →∞+++=_________.2.已知正项等比数列{}n a 中，34,13231=+=a a a a ，则=+++∞→)...(lim 21n n a a a _________.3.在行列式31214053--a中，元素a 的代数余子式的值为_________.4.线性方程组的增广矩阵为⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+m m m m 124，且此方程组无解，则实数=m _________.5.若矩阵⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=4321A 与⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=724k B 满足BA AB =,则实数=k _________. 6.若无穷等比数列{}n a 的各项和为21，则首项1a 的取值范围是_________. 7.若向量)7,8(),0,2(--==,则b 在a 方向上的投影为_________.8.若数列{}n a 满足831-=+n n a a ，且61=a ，则数列{}n a 的通项公式为=n a _________. 9.若向量(1,2)a =与(21,3)b t t =-的夹角为锐角，则实数t 的取值范围是_________. 10.计算：=+-+)10002020lim(22n n n n _________.11.在矩形ABCD 中，2,2==BC AB ,点E 为BC 的中点，点F 在边CD 上，若2=⋅,则=⋅_________.12.若公差为d 的等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，满足0,01312<>S S ,且283=a ,则公差d 的取值范围是_________. 13.已知ABC ∆中，3BAC π∠=，点D 为线段AB 的中点，点P 为线段CD 上一点，且满足1()3AP t AC AB t R =+∈，若ABC ∆的面积为2，则AP 的最小值为________14.已知数列{}n a 是共有k 个项的有限数列，且满足11(2,3,...,k 1),n n nna a n a +-=+=-若1224,51,0k a a a ===，则___k =二、选择题（34=12⨯分分）15.若ABC ∆所在平面内一点P 满足0PA PB PC ++=,则P 是ABC ∆的（ ） A.内心 B.外心 C.重心 D.垂心 16.已知ABC ∆中，点D 满足23BD DC =,若(,)AD AB AC R λμλμ=+∈，则μ的值为（ ）A. 23B.32C.25D.3517.设{}n a 是各项为正数的无穷数列，i A 是边长为i a 、1i a +的矩形的周长（1,2,i =⋅⋅⋅），则“数列{}n A 为等差数列”的充要条件是（ ） A.{}n a 是等差数列B.1321,,,,n a a a -⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅或242,,,,n a a a ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅是等差数列C.1321,,,,n a a a -⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅和242,,,,n a a a ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅都是等差数列D.1321,,,,n a a a -⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅和242,,,,n a a a ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅都是等差数列，且公差相同18.已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且对任意正整数n 都有13n n a S +=，则下列关于{}n a 的论断中正确的是（ ）A.一定是等差数列B.一定是等比数列C.可能是等差数列，但不会是等比数列D.可能是等比数列，但不会是等差数列三、解答题（6+8+10+10+12=46分） 19.（本题满分6分）用行列式解关于,x y 的方程组22(1)321x my m x y m +=⎧⎨-+=+⎩.20.（本体满分8分，第（1）小题3分，第（2）小题5分）已知两个平面向量a 与b 的夹角为3π，且1,2,a b ==记3,2m a b n ta b =-=+. （1）若m n ⊥，求实数t 的值； （2）若2t =，求m 与n 的夹角.21.（本题满分10分，第（1）小题5分，第（2）小题5分）（1）已知等差数列{}n a 满足39a =，且6732a a +=，若数列21n n a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和为n S ，求lim n n S →∞的值.（2）已知数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T 满足3+23(*)n n T b n N =∈，若t R +∈,求215lim n n nn n b t b t ++→∞++的值.22.（本大题满分10分，第（1）小题3分，第（2）题4分，第（3）小题3分） 按照如下规则构造数表：第一行是：2；第二行是：21,23++；即3，5，第三行是：31,33,51,53++++即4，6，6，8；（即从第二行起将上一行的数的每一项各项加1写出，再各项加3写出）2 3 54 6 6 85 7 7 9 7 9 9 11 ……………………………………若第n 行所有的项的和为n a ．（1）求345,,a a a ；（2）试求1n a +与n a 的递推关系，并据此求出数列{}n a 的通项公式； （3）求数列{}n a 的前n 项和n S .23.（本大题满分12分，第（1）小题3分，第（2）题4分，第（3）小题5分）我们把一系列向量()1,2,,i a i n =按次序排成一列，称之为向量列，记作{}n a ，已知向量列{}n a 满足：()1,11=a ，()()11111,,2n n n n n n n a x y x y x y ----==-+()2n ≥． （1）证明：数列{}n a 是等比数列；（2）设2log n n n c a a =⋅，问数列{}n c 中是否存在最小项？若存在，求出最小项；若不存在，请说明理由；（3）设n θ表示向量1n a -与n a 间的夹角，若2n n n b θπ=，对于任意正整数n ，不等式()211log 122an a b +>-恒成立，求实数a 的范围参考答案一、填空题1.122.923.-24. 2m=- 5.3 6. 11(0,)(,1) 22 7.8- 8.1234n-⋅+ 9.1(,2)(2,)8+∞ 10.510 (8,7)-- 14.50二、选择题15.C 16.A 17.D 18.C三、解答题19 解析：226(3)(2)13mD m m m mm==-++=--+-2226(2-3)(2)213xmD m m m mm==--+=-++2224121yD mm m==+-+（1）当0D≠时，即2,3m m≠-≠，方程由唯一解，23322mxmym-⎧=⎪⎪-⎨⎪=⎪-⎩；（2）当2m=-时，0x yD D D===，方程组有无穷多组解;（3）当3m=时，0,0,0x yD D D=≠≠，方程组无解20.（1）2t=；（2）1arccos7；21.（1）335；（2）03t<<时，215limnnnnnb tb t++→∞++=3；3t=时，215limnnnnnb tb t++→∞++=24；3t >时，2215lim 5n n n n n b t t b t ++→∞+=+, 22.【解答】（1）3424,64,a a ==5160a =．（2）由题意，第n 行共有12n -项，于是有()()111123222n n n n n n n a a a a --++=+++⨯=+ 等式两边同除12n +，得11122n nn na a ++=+， 即2n n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭为等差数列，公差为1，首项为112a = 所以2n na n =，即()*2n n a n n N =⨯∈． （3）23122232...2n n S n =⨯+⨯+⨯++⨯ （1） 23412122232...(1)22n n n S n n +=⨯+⨯+⨯++-⨯+⨯ （2）由（1）-（2）得23111222...22222n n n n n S n n +++-=++++-⨯=--⨯ 所以1(1)22n n S n +=-⨯+ 23.（1）()()22221111111122222n n n n n n n n a x y x y x y a -------=-++=+= ∴数列{}n a 是等比数列（2）12222n nn a --⎛== ⎭， 22222nn n c --∴=⋅ 假设 {}n c 中的第 n 项最小，由 12c =，20c =，210.c c ∴≤< 当3n ≥时，有0n c <，又由1n n c c +≤可得()()212222122222n nn n -+--+-⋅≤⋅， 即12221n n --≥-，22112n n -⎛⎫≥ ⎪-⎝⎭. 2670n n -+≥，3n ≥或3n ≤-，5n ∴≥.…即有567c c c <<<；由1n n c c +≥，得35n ≤≤，又210c c ≤<，541c c c ∴<<<；故数列{}n c 中存在最小项，最小项是325322c -=-⋅…(3) 112cos 2n n n n na a a a θ--⋅==⋅，4n πθ∴=… 24n n b ∴=不等式化为：()32221log 121222a n n n +++>-++对任意正整数n 恒成立. 设222122n T n n n=++++. 又()122222021*******n n T T n n n n n +-=+-=->+++++，数列{}n T 单调递增 ()1min 1n T T ∴==，要使不等式恒成立，只要()311log 122a >-，120a ->， 102a ∴<<，212a a -> ，01a ∴<< 所以，使不等式对于任意正整数恒成立的a 的取值范围是()1.。

2020-2021学年上海外国语大学附属外国语学校高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASheffieldLincoln College of EnglishClasses for foreign students at all levels.3 months, 6 months, 9 months and one year course.Open all year.Small class (at most 12 students).Library, language laboratory and listening center.Accommodation (住宿)with selected families.25 minutes from London.Course fees for English for one year are￡1,380 with reduction for shorter periods of study.1.This passage is probably taken from _______.A.an advertisementB.a noticeC.a posterD.a piece of news2.Who will be accepted by this college?A.Both foreign and native students.B.Only foreign beginners and the advanced.C.Foreign students from beginners to the advanced.D.Only foreign students advanced.3.While you stay there, who will take care of you?A.Your parents.B.Your classmates.C.The school where you study.D.The family you have chosen.BImaginary friends in childhood refer to the invisible beings that a child gives a personality to and plays with for over three months.Crabbycrab（蟹）appeared on a holiday in Norway by running out of my four-year-old son Fisher's ear after a night of tears from an earache. Like other childhood imaginary friends, Crabby should be a sign thatFisher's mind is growing and developing positively. Indeed, research shows that imaginary friends can help develop children's social skills.Research has shown that the positive effects of having imaginary friends as a child continue into adulthood. Adolescents who remember their imaginary playmates have been found to use more activecoping（应对）styles, such as seeking advice from loved ones rather than bottle things up inside. Even adolescents with behavioral problems who had imaginary friends as children have been found to have better coping skills through the teenage years.Scientists thinkthis could be because these teens have been able to adjust themselves to the social world with imagination rather than choose to be involved in relationships with more difficult classmates. It could also be because the imaginary friends help to reduce these adolescents,loneliness.These teens are also more likely to seek out social connections -they tend to turn to others for advice. Current research by Tori Watson is taking this evidence and looking at how adolescents who have imaginary friends as children deal withbullying（欺凌）at school. It is found that teens who remember their imaginary friends are better at dealing with bullying.While we know a lot about childhood imaginary friends such as Crabby Crab and the positive effects they can have, there is still a lot to learn about imaginary friends.4. What is Crabby crab?A. It is a crab Fisher caught inNorway.B. It is Fisher's imaginary friend.C. It is a toy Fisher like much.D. It is a cause of earache.5. Why do children with imaginary friends have better coping skills?A. Imaginary friends help improve their adjustment.B. Having imaginary friends makes them smarter.C. They have rich imagination.D. They are no longer alone.6. What will a child with imaginary friends probably do if he is bullied?A. Escape from the bully.B. Fight with the bully bravely.C. Keep silent about being bullied.D. Ask a parent or a teacher for help.7. What is the author's attitude towards the effect of imaginary friends?A. Concerned.B. Doubtful.C. Optimistic.D. Indifferent.CSomeday soon an emoji (表情符号)might really save lives.Hiroyuki Komatsu is a Google engineer who suggested adding a series of new emojis to the standard emoji library. It could help those with food allergies (过敏)understand what they are eating anywhere inthe world. Emojis should cover characters representing major food causing allergies. They make people understand what are used in foods even in foreign countries and safely select meals.Emojis are universal because they are chosen and developed by the Unicode Consortium, a non-profit company that oversees, develops and maintains how text is represented. This is in regards to all software products and standards. It's thanks to the Unicode Standard that when you text a friend six pizza emojis, they’ll see those six pizza pieces on their phone. This is true regardless of whether they use an iPhone or an Android.Because emojis are everywhere and visual(视觉的),they could be helpful for restaurants and food packaging designers. They can communicate whether a product is made with common causing-allergy food. But as Komatsu’s advice argues, many of the most common causing-allergy foods are missing or poorly represented by the present emoji library. For example, there is an emoji for octopus, but nothing for squid. There is a loaf of bread that could symbolize grain, but a picture of wheat could be clearer. The emojis can be more direct when symbolizing foods.It’s not uncommon for the Unicode Consortium to add new emojis to the library: several food-related emojis were put into use last June, including some long-waited food emojis. Apple included support for multiracial emojis in a recent iOS update. An artist even recreated Moby-Dick in emoji characters. Some might be sorry for the continuing death of the written word if Komatsu’s suggestion is accepted, but look on the bright side: if you ever see that happy poop on a box, you’ll know to stay away.8. How will emojis save lives according to the text?A. By showing what the food contains visually.B. By telling the safest places in the world.C. By teaching people how to treat allergies.D. By adding standard emojis about safety.9. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us?A. Emojis have the same meanings around the world.B. The Unicode Consortium is a non-profit company.C. What emojis represent is different in different places.D. Different mobile operating systems have different emojis.10. What can be the reason for Komatsu’s advice?A. Emojis are easy to mix up.B. Present emojis are not enough.C. Emojis can't interest most users.D. Emojis can't represent foods directly.11. What is the author’s attitude to Komatsu's suggestion?A. Doubtful.B. Worried.C. Supportive.D. Uninterested.DSam, I say to myself as I start across the bridge, you must stop these thoughts and start thinking about what to do now that you have lost your falcon, Frightful.Life, my friend Ban do once said, is meeting problems and solving them whether you are an amoeba or a space traveller. I have a problem. I have to provide my younger sister Alice and myself with meat. Fish, nuts, and vegetables are good and necessary, but they don't provide enough fuel for the hard physical work we do. Although we have venison now, I can't always count on getting it. So far this year, our venison has been only road kill from in front of Mrs Strawberry's farm.I decide to take the longest way home, down the flood plain of the West Branch of Delaware to Spillkill, my own name for a fast stream that cascades down the south face of the mountain range I'm on. I need time to think. Perhaps Alice and I should be like the early Eskimos. We should walk, camp and hunt, and when the seasons change, walk on to new food sources. But I love my tree and my mountaintop.Another solution would be to become farmers, like the people of the Iroquois Confederacy who once lived here. They settled in villages and planted corm and squash, bush beans and berries. We already grow groundnuts in the damp soil and squash in the poor land. But the Iroquois also hunted game. I can't do that anymore.I'm back where I started from.Slowly I climb the Spillkill. As I hop from rock to rock beneath shady basswoods and hemlocks, I hear the cry of the red-tailed hawk who nests on the mountain crest. I am reminded of Frightful and my heart aches. I canalmost hear her call my name, Cree, Cree, Cree, Car-ree.Maybe I can get her back if I beg the man who is in charge of the peregrines at the university. “But it's the law,” he would say. I could write to the president of the United States and ask him to make an exception of Alice and me. That won't work. The president swore to uphold the Constitution and laws of the United States when he took office.I climb on. I must stop thinking about the impossible and solve the problem of what to do now. I must find a new way to provide for us. Frightful is going to be in good hands at the university, and she will have young.I smile at the thought of little Frightfuls and lift my reluctant feet.When I am far above the river, I take off my clothes and moccasins and bathe in a deep, clear pool until I am refreshed and thinking more clearly. Climbing up the bank, I dress and sit down. I breathe deeply of the mountain air and try to solve my problem more realistically.12. What does this excerpt main describe?A. Delicate mental activities.B. Unique story environment.C. Everchanging story events.D. Complicated character relationship.13. What is Sam's first worry?A. How to get back quicklyB. How to get enough venison.C. How to ensure the safety of Frightful.D. How to provide meat for Alice and himself.14. What do we know about Frightful?A. He left Sam and Alice due to lack of food.B. He helped Sam hunt before being taken away.C. He is living with the red-tailed hawk happily.D. He has given birth to babies in the university.15. Which of the following can best describe Sam?A. Humorous.B. Aggressive.C. Responsible.D. Unrealistic.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市上海外国语大学附属上外高中2020-2021学年高二上学期期中数学试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、填空题1．等比数列{}n a 中：473,2a a π=则29sin()a a =__________ 2．等差数列{}n a 中：1d =，若13599...99a a a a ++++=，则100S =__________ 3．已知等差数列{}n a 中，110a =，当且仅当5n =时，前n 项和n S 取得最大值，则公差d 的取值范围时________4．“x =是“,,a x b ”成等比数列的_______条件；5．数列{}n a 中：372,1,a a ==且数列11n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬+⎩⎭是等差数列，则数列{}n a 的通项公式为______6．已知数列{}n a 满足317n a n =-，则数列{}n a 的前n 项和n T =__________7．数列{}n a 中：*1111,30(,2),n n n n a a a a a n N n --=+-=∈≥则10a =__________ 8．记实数等 比数列{}n a 的前 n 项和 为n S 若1010S =，3070S =，则40S =_______.9．已知数列{}n a 是等比数列，其前n 项和为1*3()n n S k n N -=+∈，则常数k =__________10．已知{}n a 是首项为a ，公差为1的等差数列，1n n n a b a +=，若对任意的*n N ∈，都有5n b b ≤成立，则实数a 的取值范围是________11．已知数列{}n a 满足()*1115,2n n a a a n n N+=-=∈，则n a n 的最小值为_______ 12．已知1()1f x x=+，各项均为正数{}n a 满足11a =，2()n n a f a +=，若20182020a a =，则2011a a +的值为__________二、单选题13．如果数列{}n a 是等比数列，那么下列数列中不一定是等比数列的是（ ）A ．1n aB ．C ．{}1n n a a +⋅D ．{}1n n a a ++14．等比数列{}n a 的前n 项积为n T ，并且满足1100910101,10,a a a >->10091010101a a -<-，现给出下列结论：①20221;a >②1009101110a a -<；③1010T 是n T 中的最大值；④使1n T >成立的最大自然数n 是2019，期中正确的结论个数是（ ）A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．415．已知数列{}n a 是等比数列，其公比为q ，则“1q >”是“数列{}n a 为单调递增数列”的（ ）A ．充分不必要条件B ．必要不充分条件C ．充分必要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件16()1n n N *<+∈，某同学用数学归纳法证明的过程如下： （1）当1n=11<+，不等式成立.（2）假设当()n k k N *=∈1k <+成立，当1n k =+时，()11k =<==++.∴当1n k =+时，不等式成立，则上述证法（ ）A ．过程全部正确B ．1n =验得不正确C ．归纳假设不正确D ．从n k =到1n k =+的推理不正确三、解答题17．等差数列{}n a 中，设其前n 项和为n S ，若153,,62k a a ==-，且前k 项和5k S =- （1）求此数列的公差d（2）当n 为何值时，n S 取得最大值18．已知等差数列{}n a 的公差0d ≠，{}n a 中的部分项组成的数列1k a 、2k a 、、n k a 、恰好为等比数列，其中11k =，25k =，517k =，求数列{}n k 的通项公式.19．某林场现有木材存量为a ，每年以25%的增长率逐年递增，但每年年底要砍伐的木材量为b ，经过n 年后林场木材存有量为y（1）求()y f n =的解析式（2）为保护生态环境，防止水土流失，该地区每年的森林木材存量不应少于79a ，如果1972b a =，那么该地区会发生水土流失吗？若会，要经过几年？（取lg 20.30=） 20．已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和n S 满足条件()231n n S a =-,其中n ∈N *.(1)证明:数列{}n a 为等比数列;(2)设数列{}n b 满足3log n n b a =,若n n n c a b =,求数列{}n c 的前n 项和n T .21．已知数列{}{},n n a b 满足：1121,1,41n n n n n b a a b b a +=+==- （1）求：1234,,,b b b b ，（2）猜想数列{}n b 的通项公式，并用数学归纳法证明；（3）若1223341...,n n n S a a a a a a a a +=++++且4n n aS b <对于*n N ∈恒成立，求实数a 的取值范围参考答案1．-1【解析】【分析】根据等比数列下标和性质，结合正弦函数求值，即可求得.【详解】因为数列{}n a 是等比数列，故294732a a a a π==故29sin()a a =312sinπ=-. 故答案为：-1.【点睛】本题考查等比数列下标和性质，以及特殊角的正弦值.2．248【分析】利用数列前n 项和的性质，求出偶函数项的和，再求解出100S .【详解】因为13599...99a a a a ++++=根据等差数列的性质：241009950149a a a d +++=+=故10099149248S =+=.故答案为：248.【点睛】本题考查等差数列前n 项和的性质，属基础题. 3．5,22⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭【分析】根据等差数列的前n 项和的公式，讨论其单调性，结合题意，即可求得范围.【详解】因为数列中110a =，故其前n 项和21022n d d S n n ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭是关于n 的二次函数，且n N +∈. 因为当且仅当5n =时，前n 项和n S 取得最大值 故只需该二次函数的对称轴范围在911,22⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭， 即110911,222d ⎛⎫-∈ ⎪⎝⎭，解得5,22d ⎛⎫∈-- ⎪⎝⎭故答案为：5,22⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭. 【点睛】本题考查等差数列前n 项和的函数属性，属基础题.4．既不充分也不必要【分析】通过反例，结合等比中项的定义，进行推理和说明.【详解】当0a x ==时，由x =,,a x b ”成等比数列，故不充分；当“,,a x b ”成等比数列，且0,0,0a b c <<<时，得不到x =. 故答案为：既不充分也不必要.【点睛】本题考查充要条件的判定，本质是关于等比数列的考查，属基础题.5．195n n -+ 【分析】 根据条件，求出等差数列11n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬+⎩⎭的通项公式，再推导出n a 即可. 【详解】 因为数列11n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬+⎩⎭是等差数列，记11n n b a =+，故n b 为等差数列，由题可知：37371111,1312b b a a ====++ 故可得数列n b 的公差为：()7311424b b -=，首项114b = 故51241n n n b a +==+ 故可得：2419155n n a n n -=-=++ 故答案为：195n n -+. 【点睛】本题考查等差数列基本量的求解，属基础题.6．22313,52233180,622n n n n T n n n ⎧-≤⎪⎪=⎨⎪-+≥⎪⎩【分析】找出数列n a 与0的大小关系的临界值，根据n 的取值范围，进行分类讨论即可.【详解】因为317n a n =-，故1314n a n +=-，则13n n a a +-=，故该数列是一个首项为-14，公差为3的等差数列，设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为2331,22n n S S n n =- 令0n a <，解得5n ≤，故该数列的前5项都是负数，从第6项开始都为正数.若6n ≥，则()123456n n T a a a a a a a =-++++++ 55n S S S =-+-52n S S =-()()()3114101462n n n -=⨯-+--+ 23318022n n =-+若5n ≤，则233122n n n T S n =-=-+ 故答案为：22313,52233180,622n n n n T n n n ⎧-≤⎪⎪=⎨⎪-+≥⎪⎩. 【点睛】本题考查绝对值数列的前n 项和，其难点在于分类讨论.7．128【分析】根据递推公式，构造等差数列，进而求解通项公式.【详解】因为1111,30n n n n a a a a a --=+-= 故1113n n a a --=，故1n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭是首项为1，公差为3的等差数列， 则132n n a =-，解得132n a n =-，即可得10128a =. 故答案为：128. 【点睛】本题考查构造数列求解通项公式，属经典题型.8．150【解析】【详解】记110b S =，22010b S S =-，33020b S S =-，44030b S S =-设 q 为{}n a 的公比，则 b 1、b 2、b 3、b 4构成以10r q =为公比的等比数列． 于是，()()22301231701101.S b b b b r rr r ==++=++=++ 从而，260r r +-=. 解得2r =或3r =-（舍去）.故()2340101150.S r r r =+++=9．1-3【分析】根据等比数列前n 项和的性质，即可求得参数.【详解】因为数列{}n a 是等比数列，故()1111111n n n a q a a S q q q q -==-+--- 故13n n S k -=+=133n k ⨯+，故可得13k =-. 故答案为：13-.【点睛】本题考查等比数列前n 项和的性质，属数列基础题. 10．()-4-3，【分析】 根据1n n na b a +=的通项公式，讨论其单调性，从而找到参数的取值范围. 【详解】由题可知：()111n b n a =+-- 当(),1n a ∈-∞-和()1,a -+∞，该数列单调递减.若10a -≤，则该数列在n N +∈时，单调递减，不可能满足题意；若10a ->，要满足题意，只需：()14,5a -∈解得：()4,3a ∈--.故答案为：()-4-3，. 【点睛】本题考查数列的单调性，要用函数的角度去看待数列的单调性，同时也要注意其与函数不同的点.11．274【分析】 利用累加法求得通项公式，再求解n a n ，讨论其最小值. 【详解】因为12n n a a n +-=，故可得：211221n n n n a a a a a a n n ----+-++-=- 解得：215n a n n =-+，则n a n =151n n +- 结合对勾函数的单调性， 可知：当n =4时，取得最小值，最小值为：274. 故答案为：274. 【点睛】本题考查累加法求通项公式，涉及数列的最小值，属综合基础题. 12．326【分析】根据递推公式，可得奇数项的值；再根据20182020a a =即可求得偶数项的值.【详解】2()n n a f a +=，故可得211n n a a +=+ 因为11a =，故可得35791235,,,2358a a a a ==== 11813a =，又因为20182020201811a a a ==+ 化简得22018201810a a +-=2018a =或2018a =（舍）， 又因为2018201611a a =+，解得2016a =，同理201820162014201220a a a a a ====⋯== 则2011a a +=81132+=326故答案为：326. 【点睛】本题考查由递推公式求数列中的某几项，属基础题；关键的解题步骤是，要发现数列的规律. 13．D【分析】根据等比数列的性质，进行判断即可.【详解】取等比数列()1nn a =-，则数列10n n a a ++=不是等比数列，故D 错误；对其它选项，均满足等比数列通项公式的性质.故选：D.【点睛】本题考查等比数列的通项公式，属基础题.14．A【分析】由1100910101,10,a a a >->可得公比的范围，结合数列的单调性，对四个选项进行逐一判断即可.【详解】因为1009101010a a ->，故可得2201711a q >，因为11a >，故可得0q >， 因为10091010101a a -<-，若1q >，则1009a 和1010a 均大于1，与已知矛盾，故()0,1q ∈， 因此10091a >，10101a <，数列{}n a 是个递减数列.对①，因为数列是个减数列，且10101a <，故20221a <，故①错误；对②，2100910111010a a a =，因为10101a <，故100910111a a <，故②正确；对③，101010091010T T a =⨯，因为11a >，数列是减数列，且10091a >，10101a <故n T 中最大值为1009T ，故③错误；对④，()10092018100910101T a a =>，()2019201910101T a =<，故1n T >成立的最大自然数n 是2018，故④错误.综上所述，只有1个正确.故选：A .【点睛】本题综合考查等比数列的下标和性质，以及数列的单调性，属中档题.15．D【分析】由题意结合等比数列的性质、增减性可得“1q >”与“数列{}n a 为单调递增数列”之间的推出关系，由充分条件和必要条件的概念即可得解.【详解】在等比数列{}n a 中，当10a <，1q >时，数列{}n a 为单调递减数列，则充分性不成立； 当10a <，01q <<时，满足数列{}n a 为单调递增数列，此时1q >不成立，则必要性不成立；综上所述，“1q >”是“数列{}n a 为单调递增数列”的既不充分也不必要条件. 故选：D ．【点睛】本题考查了等比数列的性质和充分条件、必要条件的判定，解决此类问题要从充分性和必要性两方面进行判定，属于基础题.16．D【分析】根据数学归纳法证明的基本过程可得出结论.【详解】在1n k =+时，没有应用n k =时的假设，即从n k =到1n k =+的推理不正确.故选：D.【点睛】本题考查数学归纳法，考查对数学归纳法证明过程的理解，属于基础题.17．（1）16-（2）5n =或6 【分析】（1）根据数列的基本量，列方程进行求解即可；（2）由（1）可用公式求得n S ，根据二次函数的单调性，即可求得.【详解】（1）设该数列的公差为d ，根据题意： ()53162k d +-=-，()15562k k d k -+=- 解得115,6k d ==-. 故该数列的公差为16-. （2）由（1）可知，21111212n S n n =-+ 该二次函数对称轴为：5.5，又n Z ∈故当5n =或者6n =时，n S 取得最大值.【点睛】本题考查用基本量求解等差数列的通项公式，以及求等差数列前n 项和的最值.18．1231n n k -=⋅-，n *∈N【分析】先由数列{}n k a 前三项成等比数列，得出1a 与d 的等量关系，并求出数列{}n k a 的公比，利用等差数列和等比数列的通项公式得出关于n k 的等式，解出即可.【详解】由题意可知，1a 、5a 、17a 成等比数列，则25117a a a =，即()()2111416a d a a d +=+， 化简得21181616a d d a d +=，0d ≠，12a d ∴=，()()()11211n a a n d d n d n d ∴=+-=+-=+，56a d ∴=，等比数列{}n k a 的公比为51632a d q a d===，111132323n n n n k k a a d d ---∴=⋅=⋅=⋅， 由等差数列的通项公式得()1n k n a k d =+，1123n n k -∴+=⋅，解得1231n n k -=⋅-.因此，数列{}n k 的通项公式为1231n n k -=⋅-，k *∈N .【点睛】本题考查等差数列的通项公式，同时也考查了等比数列的定义，在解题时要根据条件确定出等差数列首项和公差之间的等量关系，并利用等差数列和等比数列的通项公式建立等式求解，考查计算能力，属于中等题.19．（1）()554144n n f n a b ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=--⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦（2）会；8年后 【分析】（1）根据前三年木材存量，归纳出解析式，再用数学归纳法进行证明即可；（2）根据（1）中所求函数关系式，结合参考数据，解不等式即可.【详解】（1）1年后，木材存量()514f a b =-， 2年后，木材存量()25555214444f a b b a b ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=--=-+ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭3年后，木材存量()3255531444f a b ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=-++⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦根据以上数据归纳推理得：()15555514144444n n n n f n a b a b -⎡⎤⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+++=--⎢⎥⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦用数学归纳法证明如下：①当1n =时，()514f a b =-，显然成立； ②假设当(),2,n k k k N =≥∈时，()554144k k f k a b ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=--⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦成立， 则当1n k =+时，()()55551414444k k f k f k b a b b ⎧⎫⎡⎤⎪⎪⎛⎫⎛⎫+=-=---⎢⎥⎨⎬ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎪⎪⎣⎦⎩⎭115554444k k a b b ++⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=---⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦ 11554144k k a b ++⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=--⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦ 即证，当n N +∈时，()554144n n f n a b ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=--⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦（2）当1972b a =时，若该地区今后发生水土流失，则木材存量必须小于79a 则551974144729n n a a a ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫--⨯<⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦，解得554n ⎛⎫> ⎪⎝⎭ 两边取对数得554nlg lg > 即()1257522132lg lg n lg lg lg ->=≈-- 故：经过8年后，该地区就会发生水土流失.【点睛】本题考查归纳推理，以及用数学归纳法证明，涉及不等式的求解，属函数应用综合题. 20．（1）见解析；（2）()121334n nn T +-+=. 【解析】 试题分析：(1)利用()12n n n a S S n -=-≥化简,易得结论;(2)结合(1)可得3n n c n =⋅,利用错位相减法,结合等比数列的前n 项和公式求解即可.试题解析：(1)证明:由题意得()()11322n n n n n a S S a a n --=-=-≥, ∴13n n a a -=,∴()132n n a n a -=≥, 又()111312S a a =-=,解得13a =,∴数列{}n a 是首项为3,公比为3的等比数列.(2)由(1)得3n n a =,则3n n a =,∴3n n n n c a b n ==⋅,设()1231132333133n n n T n n -=⋅+⋅+⋅++-⋅+⋅,()23413132333133n n n T n n +=⋅+⋅+⋅++-⋅+⋅.∴()12311313233333313nn n n n T n n ++--=++++-⋅=-⋅-.∴()121334n n n T +-+=. 点睛：用错位相减法求和应注意的问题(1)要善于识别题目类型，特别是等比数列公比为负数的情形；(2)在写出“S n ”与“qS n ”的表达式时应特别注意将两式“错项对齐”以便下一步准确写出“S n －qS n ”的表达式；(3)在应用错位相减法求和时，若等比数列的公比为参数，应分公比等于1和不等于1两种情况求解.21．（1）12343456,,,4567b b b b ====；（2）23n n b n +=+，证明见详解；（3）1a < 【分析】（1）通过赋值，结合已知条件，即可求得；（2）根据数列的规律，进行归纳总结，再遵循数学归纳法的证明过程即可证明； （3）先求n S ，将问题转换为恒成立问题，再求最值即可.【详解】（1）()()()121112n n n n n n n n n b b b b a a a b b +===--+-12n b =- 因为1113,44a b ==，故234456,,567b b b === （2）由（1）猜想23n n b n +=+ ①当1n =时，134b =，显然成立 ②假设当()1,n k k k N +=≥∈时成立，即23k k b k +=+则当1n k =+时，1113(1)2224(1)323k k k k b k b k k k ++++====+-+++-+即证当1n k =+时候，猜想成立； 综上所述：23n n b n +=+对任意正整数都成立. （3）因为113n n a b n =-=+，故： 12231111114556(3)(4)444(4)n n n n S a a a a a a n n n n +=++⋯+=+++=-=⨯⨯++++ 22(1)(36)8443(3)(4)n n an n a n a n aS b n n n n +-+---=-=++++ 若4n n aS b <对于*n N ∈恒成立，则只需满足2(1)(36)80a n a n -+--<恒成立即可当1a =时，380n --<恒成立满足题意；当1a >时，显然不可能成立；当1a <时，对称轴3231102121a a a -⎛⎫-⋅=--< ⎪--⎝⎭故()f n 在[)1,+∞单调递减，故()()1max f n f ==2(1)(36)8(1)(36)8a n a n a a -+--=-+-- 4150a =-<解得154a <，又1a <， 故当1a <时，满足题意.综上所述，(],1a ∈-∞时，4n n aS b <对于*n N ∈恒成立.【点睛】本题考查数学归纳法证明通项公式，涉及裂项求和，恒成立问题的转化，属综合题.。

2020学年第一学期上外附中高二年级数学期末考试试卷一、填空题（共14小题，每题3分，满分42分）1.计算：212 (i)n nn→∞+++=_________. 【答案】122.已知正项等比数列{}n a 中，34,13231=+=a a a a ，则=+++∞→)...(lim 21n n a a a _________.【答案】923.在行列式31214053--a 中，元素a 的代数余子式的值为_________.【答案】2-4.线性方程组的增广矩阵为⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+m m m m 124，且此方程组无解，则实数=m _________.【答案】2m =- 5.若矩阵⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=4321A 与⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=724k B 满足BA AB =,则实数=k _________. 【答案】36.若无穷等比数列{}n a 的各项和为21，则首项1a 的取值范围是_________. 【答案】11(0,)(,1)227.若向量)7,8(),0,2(--==b a ,则在方向上的投影为_________. 【答案】8-8.若数列{}n a 满足831-=+n n a a ，且61=a ，则数列{}n a 的通项公式为=n a _________. 【答案】1234n -⋅+9.若向量(1,2)a =与(21,3)b t t =-的夹角为锐角，则实数t 的取值范围是_________. 【答案】1(,2)(2,)8+∞10.计算：=+-+)10002020lim(22n n n n _________. 【答案】51011.在矩形ABCD 中，2,2==BC AB ,点E 为BC 的中点，点F 在边CD 上，若2=⋅AF AB ,则=⋅BF AE _________.12.若公差为d 的等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，满足0,01312<>S S ,且283=a ,则公差d 的取值范围是_________. 【答案】(8,7)--13.已知ABC ∆中，3BAC π∠=，点D 为线段AB 的中点，点P 为线段CD 上一点，且满足1()3AP t AC AB t R =+∈，若ABC ∆的面积为2，则AP 的最小值为________【解析】本题为上海市2020届浦东新区高三下二模11题.因为P 为CD 上一点，设DP λDC =，则()(1)AP AD DP AD λDC AD λAC AD λAC λAD =+=+=+-=+-， 又1233AP t AC AB t AC AD =+=+， 由平面向量分解定理可得213λtλ=⎧⎪⎨-=⎪⎩，从而求得13t =；由1||sin 23ABC πS AB AC ∆==‖||||6AB AC =， 2222111||||||2||||cos 3393πAP AC AB AC AB AC AB ⎡⎤=+=++⎢⎥⎣⎦，211||[2||||||||]||||293AP AC AB AC AB AC AB ≥+==， 当且仅当||||AC AB =时取等号，所以||AP14.已知数列{}n a 是共有k 个项的有限数列，且满足11(2,3,...,1),n n nna a n k a +-=-=-若1224,51,0k a a a ===，则___k =【答案】因为11(2,,1)n n nna a n k a +-=-=⋯-，所以11,(2,,1)n n n n a a a a n n k +--=-=⋯-， 所以32212a a a a -=-，43323a a a a -=-，54434a a a a -=-，，112(1)k k k k a a a a k ----=--，将以上不等式相加，并代入1224,51,0k a a a ===得224500k k --=，解得50k =或49k =-（舍去），所以50k =. 二、选择题（34=12⨯分分）15.若ABC ∆所在平面内一点P 满足0PA PB PC ++=,则P 是ABC ∆的（ C ） A.内心 B.外心 C.重心 D.垂心16.已知ABC ∆中，点D 满足23BD DC =,若(,)AD AB AC R λμλμ=+∈，则μ的值为（ A ）A.23 B.32 C.25 D.3517.设{}n a 是各项为正数的无穷数列，i A 是边长为i a 、1i a +的矩形的周长（1,2,i =⋅⋅⋅），则“数列{}n A 为等差数列”的充要条件是（ D ） A.{}n a 是等差数列B.1321,,,,n a a a -⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅或242,,,,n a a a ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅是等差数列C.1321,,,,n a a a -⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅和242,,,,n a a a ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅都是等差数列D.1321,,,,n a a a -⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅和242,,,,n a a a ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅都是等差数列，且公差相同18.已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且对任意正整数n 都有13n n a S +=，则下列关于{}n a 的论断中正确的是（ C ）A.一定是等差数列B.一定是等比数列C.可能是等差数列，但不会是等比数列D.可能是等比数列，但不会是等差数列 三、解答题（6+8+10+10+12=46分） 19.（本题满分6分）用行列式解关于,x y 的方程组22(1)321x my m x y m +=⎧⎨-+=+⎩.【解析】226(3)(2)13mD m m m m m ==-++=--+- 2226(2-3)(2)213x mD m m m m m ==--+=-++2224121y D m m m ==+-+（1）当0D ≠时，即2,3m m ≠-≠，方程由唯一解，23322m x m y m -⎧=⎪⎪-⎨⎪=⎪-⎩；（2）当2m =-时，0x y D D D ===，方程组有无穷多组解; （3）当3m =时，0,0,0x y D D D =≠≠，方程组无解20.（本题满分8分，第（1）小题3分，第（2）小题5分） 已知两个平面向量a 与b 的夹角为3π，且1,2,a b ==记3,2m a b n ta b =-=+. （1）若m n ⊥，求实数t 的值； （2）若2t =，求m 与n 的夹角. 【答案】（1）2t =；（2）1arccos 7.21.（本题满分10分，第（1）小题5分，第（2）小题5分） （1）已知等差数列{}n a 满足39a =，且6732a a +=，若数列21n n a a +⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和为n S ，求lim n n S →∞的值.（2）已知数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T 满足3+23(*)n n T b n N =∈，若t R +∈,求215limn n nn n b t b t ++→∞++的值. 【答案】（1）335； （2）03t <<时，215lim n n n n n b t b t++→∞++=3； 3t =时，215lim n n n n n b t b t ++→∞++=24； 3t >时，2215lim 5n n n n n b t t b t++→∞+=+.22.（本大题满分10分，第（1）小题3分，第（2）题4分，第（3）小题3分） 按照如下规则构造数表：第一行是：2；第二行是：21,23++；即3，5，第三行是：31,33,51,53++++即4，6，6，8；（即从第二行起将上一行的数的每一项各项加1写出，再各项加3写出）23 54 6 6 85 7 7 9 7 9 9 11 ……………………………………若第n 行所有的项的和为n a ． （1）求345,,a a a ；（2）试求1n a +与n a 的递推关系，并据此求出数列{}n a 的通项公式； （3）求数列{}n a 的前n 项和n S .【解析】（1）3424,64,a a ==5160a =．（2）由题意，第n 行共有12n -项，于是有()()111123222n n n n n n n a a a a --++=+++⨯=+ 等式两边同除12n +，得11122n nn na a ++=+， 即2n n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭为等差数列，公差为1，首项为112a = 所以2n n a n =，即()*2n n a n n N =⨯∈． （3）23122232...2nn S n =⨯+⨯+⨯++⨯ （1）23412122232...(1)22n n n S n n +=⨯+⨯+⨯++-⨯+⨯ （2）由（1）-（2）得23111222...22222nn n n n S n n +++-=++++-⨯=--⨯所以1(1)22n n S n +=-⨯+.23.（本大题满分12分，第（1）小题3分，第（2）题4分，第（3）小题5分）我们把一系列向量()1,2,,i a i n =按次序排成一列，称之为向量列，记作{}n a ，已知向量列{}n a 满足：()1,11=a ，()()11111,,2n n n n n n n a x y x y x y ----==-+()2n ≥． （1）证明：数列{}n a 是等比数列；（2）设2log n n n c a a =⋅，问数列{}n c 中是否存在最小项？若存在，求出最小项；若不存在，请说明理由；（3）设n θ表示向量1n a -与n a 间的夹角，若2n n n b θπ=，对于任意正整数n ，不等式()211log 122a n ab +>-恒成立，求实数a 的范围 【解析】（1）()()22221111111122222n n n n n n n n a x y x y x y a -------=-++=+= 所以数列{}n a 是等比数列；（2）因为122222n nn a --⎛⎫== ⎪ ⎪⎭，所以22222nn n c --=⋅，假设{}n c 中的第n项最小，由12c =，20c =，210.c c ≤< 当3n ≥时，有0n c <，又由1n n c c +≤可得()()212222122222n nn n -+--+-⋅≤⋅，即12221n n --≥-，22112n n -⎛⎫≥ ⎪-⎝⎭. 2670n n -+≥，3n ≥+3n ≤（舍），所以5n ≥. 即有567c c c <<<；由1n n c c +≥，得35n ≤≤，又210c c ≤<，所以541c c c <<<；故数列{}n c 中存在最小项，最小项是325322c -=-⋅（3）因为112cos 2n n n n na a a a --⋅==⋅θ，所以4n =πθ，所以24n nb =， 不等式化为：()32221log 121222a n n n +++>-++对任意正整数n 恒成 立.设222122n T n n n=++++. 又因为()122222021*******n n T T n n n n n +-=+-=->+++++， 数列{}n T 单调递增所以()1min 1n T T ==，要使不等式恒成立，只要()311log 122a >-， 因为120a ->，所以102a <<，212a a -> ，所以01a <<，所以，使不等式对于任意正整数恒成立的a 的取值范围是()1.。

2020届上海外国语大学附属浦东外国语学校高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA medical capsule robot is a small,often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted. Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule. Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis, with sensors that “feel,” and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.But in practice, Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch (从头开始) is costly, time-consuming and requires advanced skills. “The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,” said Valdastri in an interview. “And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch, which didn’t make sense.”Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components: a microprocessor, communication submodules, an energy source, sensors, and actuators (致动器), Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieceswork in concertand can be interchanged with ease. They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos. The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule, down to about 14 mm. Additionally, they compiled (编译) a library of components that designers could choose from, enabling hundreds of different combinations. They arranged it all in a free online system. Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch, people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,” Valdastri said.Now, the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding. Researchers at Scotland’s Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠). One research group, led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong, is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.One limitation of Valdastri’s system is that it’s only for designing models. Researchers can confirm their hypotheses (假设) and do first design using the platform, but will need to move to a custom approach to developtheir capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.1. According to the passage, Valdastri and his team created the platform to ________.A. adopt the latest technologiesB. make their robots dream come trueC. help build specialized capsule robotsD. do preciser observation and diagnosis2. What does the underlined phrase “work in concert” mean in Para.3?A. Perform live.B. Run independently.C. Act in a cooperative way.D. Carry on step by step.3. What can be learnt from the passage?A. Valdastri’s system can’t provide a complete capsule creation.B. The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach.C. The capsules can move in human’s body automatically.D. It costs more to module the capsules on the board.BDid you know that horses talk? Well, they do, and you can lean to understand “horse talk” if you pay close attention to the horses you see.When horses live in the wild, other animals try to eat them, so a lot of horse talk is about staying alive. Even now, when most horses live on farms, they watch for danger. For this reason, never walk behind a horse. If you surprise it, the horse might mistake you for a mountain lion or wolf and give a dangerous kick.By watching the ears of a horse, you can get clues to what it's hearing. A horse can tum each ear in a different direction. For a wild horse, this trick is important for survival. The horse can hear something sneaking up behind it while also checking out a threatening noise in front. When a horse lets its ears down, it's feeling safe and relaxed. If horses becomeisolated, they neigh, or “whinny,” calling for company. They're saying, “Where are you? I'm over here!” If a horse snorts(哼) while holding its head high and staring at something, it's saying, “That looks dangerous. Get ready to run!” When two horses meet, they put their noses together and smell each other's breath. It's their way of asking, “Are you a friend?” Horses nicker,too. Nickering is a quiet sort of sound. This friendly noise means they're feeling secure and saying, “Clad to see you.”In the wild, horses live in herds, with all members watching for danger. In a herd, only one horse is the leader, the “boss hoss”. The “boss hoss” is usually an older female. She watches for threats and teaches younger horseshow to behave. However, others may want her job. When that happens, she pins her ears back against her head and may even bite or kick to get challengers to back off. She's using body language to say, “Hey, I'm in charge here!” All horses know that the one who makes others move is the leader. Horses relate to people that way, too.Horses have a language of their own. Now you know a bit of what they might be saying.4. What is the general idea of this passage?A. Horses can talk with their owners.B. You can know a bit of horses' language.C. Horses can “talk” in their own way.D. Other animals can also learn language.5. What does the underlined word “isolated” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Lonely.B. Glad.C. Sad.D. Frightened.6. What will a horse do when he wants to know whether another horse is a friend?A. He will let his ears down.B. He and another horse will put their noses together and smell each other's breath.C They both will hold their heads high and stare at something.D. He will give another horse a dangerous kick.7. How will the “boss hoss” deal with her challengers?A. By warning or fighting.B. By watching for threats.C. By teaching younger horses how to behave.D. By relating to people.CMove over, helicopter parents. “Snowplow (扫雪机) parents” are the newest reflection of an intensive (强化的) parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts, texting their college kids to wake them up so they don’t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids’ employers.Helicopter parenting the practice of wandering anxiously near one’s children, monitoring their every activity, is so 20th century. Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: machines moving ahead, clearing any difficulties in their children’s path to success, so they don’t have to suffer failure, frustration (挫折) or lose opportunities.It starts early, when parents get on wait lists for excellent preschools before their babies are born and try to make sure their kids never do anything that may frustrate them. It gets more intense when school starts: running forgotten homework to school or calling a coach to request that their children make the team.Rich parents may have more time and money to devote to making sure their children don’t ever meet with failure, but it’s not only rich parents practicing snowplow parenting. This intensive parenting has become the most welcome way to raise children, regardless of income, education, or race.Yes, it’s a parent’s job to support the children, and to use their adult wisdom to prepare for the future when their children aren’t mature enough to do so. That’s why parents hide certain toys from babies to avoid getting angry or take away a teenager’s car keys until he finishes his college applications.But snowplow parents can take it too far, some experts say. If children have never faced a difficulty, what happens when they get into the real world?“Solving problems, taking risks and overcoming frustration are key life skills,” many child development experts say, “and if parents don’t let their children experience failure, the children don’t acquire them.”8. What do we know about snowplow parenting?A. It appeared before helicopter parenting.B. It costs parents less than helicopter parenting.C. It was a typical phenomenon of the 20th century.D. It provides more than enough services for children.9. What is mainly discussed about snowplow parenting in Paragraph 4?A. Its cost.B. Its benefits.C. Its popularity.D. Its ending.10. Why does the author mention parents’ taking away car keys?A. To show teenagers are no better than babies.B. To advise teenagers not to treat their cars as toys.C. To advise parents not to buy cars for their teenagers.D. To show it’s appropriate to help children when necessary.11. What’s the possible result of snowplow parenting according to the experts?A. Children lacking problem-solving ability in reality.B. Children mastering more key life skills than parents.C. Children gaining great success in every aspect of life.D. Children meeting no problems or frustration after growing up.DHave you ever done something that was really dangerous just because you thought it was safe？Maybe you did a dangerous trick on your bicycle or skateboard because you were wearing a helmet and thought you couldn’t get hurt. The psychology(心理) of this sort of behavior is called the Peltzman Effect, named after Sam Peltzman, professor of economics at the University of Chicago. Peltzman believes that those moments when people think they are the safest are the times when they act most dangerously.Peltzman said that people drove more dangerously when they wore seat belts(安全带) . Driving a large four-wheel drive vehicle has a similar effect on drivers’ behavior. Because drivers of large vehicles sit up higher and can see better, they feel they can make better judgments when they drive. They are better protected in accidents,so they act more dangerously. This makes driving morehazardousto other drivers.The Peltzman Effect isn’t just limited to driving. In 1972, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) passed a law requiring child safety caps on most medicine bottles. The safety caps were designed to prevent children from accidentally taking the medicine, especially painkillers such as aspirin. Requiring safety caps sounded like a great idea, but there was an unexpected side effect. Because the safety caps are so hardto take off, some people leave them off altogether．Worse, some parents leave the bottles where kids can reach them because they feel that it is safe because of the cap. A study on the Peltzman Effect showed that more than 3,500 children have been harmedby aspirin because of the safety caps.The Peltzman Effect describes how we’re likely to take more risks and act more dangerously when we feel safest. What’s more, the effects of these behaviors can be quite different from what we expect.12. What is the Peltzman Effect？A. People behave less safely when they feel safe．B. People feel safest when they are under protection．C. Something that seems dangerous turns out to be safe．D. People who act dangerously are likely to be together．13. What does the underlined word“hazardous”in Paragraph 2 mean？A. Interesting．B. Expensive．C. Dangerous．D. Important．14. Medicine bottles with safety caps ________．A. are required throughout the worldB. meet the demands of the Peltzman EffectC. sell well in the worldD. are not completely safe15. What would be the best title for the text？A. Unsafe Safety MeasuresB. Types of Decision MakingC. People’s Fear of Taking RisksD. Different Behaviors of People in Danger第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年上海师范大学附属外国语中学高三英语二模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAre you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places.★Visit art museums.They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest. Many offer workshops for making hand-made pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings by children's favorite writer, and even musical performances and other arts.★Head to a natural history museum.This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur(恐龙) models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.★Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors.Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts Puppet(木偶)making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.★Tryhands-on science.Visit one of the many hands-on science museums aroundthe country.These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.1.If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit _____.A.a YoutheaterB.an art museumC.a hands-on science museumD.a natural history museum2.What does "hands-on science" mean in the last paragraph?A.Science games designed by kids.B.Learning science by doing things.C.A show of kids' science work.D.Reading science books.3.Where does this text probably come from?A.A museum guide.B.A tourist map.C.A science textbook.D.A news report.BAt the age of 50, Nina Schoen expects to have a long lifeahead of her, but has thought a lot about death—and why people are so reluctant to talk about it: “It’s going to happen to all of us,” she says, “but it should be a more positive experience than the fear we put into it.”When she first heard about a new end-of-life process that turns the body into compost (堆肥), “I was really moved by the idea,” says Schoen, who became one of the first to reserve a spot with a Seattle-based company called Recompose, the county’s first funeral home to offer human composting.Last year Recompose began transforming bodies to soil, more formally known as natural organic reduction. Before that, end-of-life options in the U.S. were limited to burial or cremation (火化), both of which come with environmental costs—U.S. cremations alone dump 1.7 billion pounds of carbon dioxide into theatmosphere every year.Katrina Spade pioneering the composting movement has spent a decade developing the process in hopes of offering people a greener option for death care. “I wondered, ‘What if we had a choice that helps the planet rather than harms it?’” Spade tells PEOPLE. “To know that the last gesture you’ll make will be gentle and beneficial and it just feels like the right thing to do.”After she had her own two sons, she began to wonder what she might do with her body after death. A friend who knew her interest in the topic reminded her that farmers sometimes compost the body of cows, and thatsparkedan idea for her theory: “If you can compost a cow, you can probably compost a human,” she thought, and she set about designing a facility to do just that.“This is about giving people another choice,” Spade says. “At first, people react with shock—‘You really can do that?’ But so many people today are looking at their impact on the Earth. This is a popular thing because when you die, you can give back to the planet.”4. How do people react when it comes to death according to paragraph 1?A. They are unwilling to comment.B. They can face it without fear.C. They feel it a positive experience.D. They would like to compost their bodies.5. What can we know about the company Recompose?A. Its CEO is Katrina Spade.B. It is located in Seattle.C. It was founded to resist cremation.D. It has spent 10 years composting bodies.6. What does the underlined word “sparked” probably mean?A. Changed.B. Compromised.C. Quitted.D. Inspired.7. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A. A little things in our life can bring in big outcomes.B. We human beings should do all we can to help the earth.C. Composting is so popular that we should reserve a spot soon.D. We should reject burial because of its harm to environment.CWhat do you think of 80s pop music? Do the names George Michael, Madonna and Michael Jackson sound familiar? Well, these are just some of the names that were well-known in the music scene of the 80s and early 90s. The 80s pop musicscene was an important step to the popularity (普及) of present-day music. A new wave in the music scene was introduced, which made such music styles as punk rock, rap music and the MTV popular. Although it was an end to the old 60s and 70s styles, it was also the beginning of something big. The popularity of music videos meant that artists now replaced their guitar-based music with visual displays. A new wave of artists came on the scene and the entire industry developed quickly.The most famous 80s pop music video is Michael Jackson’s Thriller. Introduced in 1982, few people can forget the video not only because of its never-be-foreseen images, but also because of the popularity it received. Think of how 80s pop music changed the lives of people who grew up in the 80s. Ask a young man today to tell you the names of the “New Kids on the Block” and he will start talking about the neighbor kids who just moved in. These are not the answers you might have heard in the 80s. Though today’s young men do not recognize how cool 80s pop music was, most people will always remember it for what it was and these are happy memories they will always love.Some of the 80s pop music legends (传奇人物) include Madonna, U2, AeroSmith and of course the King of Pop Michael Jackson. Let’s not forget Prince, Tina Turner, Phil Collins and Motown’s Lionel Ritchie. Some of these musicians played music that has stood the test of time. Undoubtedly, the 80s pop music scene will live on for many more years to come.8. What is the text mainly about?A. The characters of 80s pop music.B. What made 80s pop music popular.C. 80s pop music’s steps to popularity.D. The effects of 80s pop music.9. 80s pop music mainly includes the following styles EXCEPT ________.A. guitar-based musicB. the MTVC. rap musicD. punk rock10. Michael Jackson’s Thriller impressed people so deeply mainly because ________.A. it changed the lives of peopleB. he sang it in a special styleC. it was made into a music videoD. it left people with happy memories11. The purpose of the last paragraph is to tell readers that ________.A. 80s pop music is and will remain popularB. 80s pop music has many faultsC. 80s pop music is now out of dateD. we shouldn’t forget the great musicians of the 80sDPhotographer Rebecca Douglas has always been fascinated by the night sky. Her love for stars has taken theU.K.resident on “star walking” trips toIcelandand into theArctic, where she steps out onto darkened trails to capture twinkling stars and glowing planets in her images.Hiking at night isn’t uncommon. Plenty of people hike after dark to get to campsites or watch the sunrise from a mountaintop. Star walking goes a step further by blending hiking with stargazing. Rather than heading to an observatory or setting up a telescope in your backyard,star walking takes you on a brief journey to look at the stars from different viewpoints.Whether you’re in the mountainside or by the lake with stars reflecting on the water, star walking is often much more dynamic than traditional stargazing.What’s more, star walking is good for you. There are plenty of studies that show the health benefits of being in nature. Spending at least two hours a week outdoors, particularly while engaging in what involves “effortless attention”, can decrease blood pressure, heart rate, and stress levels.So how does an aspiring star walker get started? It doesn’t take much more than a sturdy pair of boots.While telescopes and binoculars obviously have their uses, people are encouraged to start with naked-eye stargazing. Using only the eyes allows one to get lost in the infinite expanse of space and lets the mind go.It is advised that one read up on the night sky before heading out. Free mobile apps, such as Star Walk 2, can help identify celestial bodies（天体）and are easy to use—simply point your phone at the sky to reveal a map. Websites like Sky & Telescope and NASA’s Space Place cover the basics, have in-depth explanations on stars, and offer advice on equipment. Space Place posts monthly skywatching updates, so you can plan outings around events such as meteor showers.In the United States, national parks are great options for inexperienced night hikers. Many offer guided outings that explain the importance of protecting night skies. Those with a good number of walks under their belt may want to try GlacierNational Park in Montana.If national parks and other dark-sky designated areas are out of range, check local astronomy clubs and observatories for guided sessions. Sites like the International Astronomical Union are useful for finding resources by area.At the end of the day, the best advice is to take it slow and enjoy the journey.“With all of the chaos（混乱）that’s happening around us, the one constant has been the night sky,” explains Douglas, who hasbeen exploring popular places nearby, long after the crowds have gone home for the day. “Walking is quite a mindful way of looking up and being reminded that, although everything feels so different, some things are still the same.”12. According to the passage, star walking refers to ________.A. going to an observatoryB. looking at stars in mountainsC. combining hiking and stargazingD. setting up a telescope in the backyard13. One of the reasons why people go on a star walking is that _______.A. it’s easier to identify celestial bodiesB. it is good for physical and mental healthC. they can enjoy the journey without crowdsD. they can raise awareness of protecting night skies14. According to the passage, a star walking beginner is advised to _______.A. prepare a pair of strong bootsB. start by observing with telescopesC. join an astronomy club or an observatoryD. find guided outings with the help of mobile apps15. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. excite people’s interest in star walkingB. recommend some places for star walkingC. explain the health benefits of star walkingD. introduce the preparations for star walking第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年上海外国语大学附属双语学校高三英语第二次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABest Places to Visit in JulyNorway's FjordsMost travelers prefer to visit Norway's famous fjords (峡湾) in July because Norway has about 23 hours of daylight, giving travelers lots of time to take in the spectacular views of blue water, glaciers and mountains. July is also whenNorway's weather is at its warmest, about18℃, so travelers might include a light sweater in their luggage.Bastille Day inParisJuly 14 is a national day celebrating independence to the French. July 14, 1789, is the day the French stormed the Bastille, aParisprison, and officially began the French Revolution, overthrowing a royal government that often threw people in prison there for no reason at all. While the day is marked all overFrance, the biggest celebration takes place inParis.Masai Mara National ReserveThe thrill of seeing millions of animals wander the plains inKenyais not easily forgotten. One of the most popular months to visit the Masai Mara is in July when the famous wildlife migration reaches the Masai Mara and zebras are at their highest number. The best times to view the animals inKenya's most popular game park are dawn and dusk.Running of the Bulls inPamplonaTravelers who pride themselves on being fast runners may want to head toPamplonain July for the San Femin Festival. A key part of this annual festival is the running of the bulls. Six bulls are released onto a narrow street fora half-mile run, with hundreds of runners seeing if they can run faster than the animals.1. What can visitors do inNorway's in July?A. Enjoy the impressive scenery.B. Swim and fish in the fjords.C. See daylight around the clock.D. Buy heavy sweaters to keep warm.2. Which of the following is of historical significance?A. San Fermin Festival.B. Bastille Day.C. Masai Mara National Reserve.D.Norway's Fjords.3. Where will visitors interested in wild animals go?A. Norway.B. Paris.C. Masai Mara.D.Pamplona.BIvy League schools are considered to be the most prestigious of all colleges in the United States. These schools are primarily located in the Northeastern part of the country. There are eight total colleges that are considered to be Ivy League. These schools are Brown, Harvard, Cornell, Princeton, Dartmouth, Yale, and Columbia universities and the University of Pennsylvania. Of all institutions of higher learning, these elite schools are considered to be the most outstanding and the most sought-after in terms of acceptance and graduation.The term “Ivy League” came about in 1954 when the NCAA athletic conference for Division I was formed. At the time, the elitism of these schools was really due to their prestige in the realm of sports like basketball. Although the term “Ivy League” was not created until the 1950s, many of these schools were in existence as far back as 1636, when John Harvard became the first benefactor of Harvard University.Although this group of elite schools is considered to be part of one big league of the elite, there have been plenty of internal rivalries over the years. The sports that these colleges play were so popular that some teams began playing games in New York City so spectators could come from far away and watch the games. The popularity of both the athletes who played and the college team rivalries brought in a good deal of attention to the schools as well as revenue from ticket sales. There have also been academic rivalries between schools. Mostly, these rivalries are a matter of opinion in terms of which school has the most honor graduates, which schools offer the most prestigious scholarships, and what famous graduates have come from each school.Each Ivy League college has its own unique accomplishments that make it important. All carry a certain reputation with them, and each school has programs that excel primarily in the medical and law fields, making them some of the most sought-after schools in the world. Their admission process is very selective, which helps the schools ensure that they only accept the best and brightest. Many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools, including recent presidents George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama. This prestige leads many to believe that these colleges are only for the wealthy and elite. Often, companies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees, usually preferred by law firms, medical facilities, and large corporations. It has long beencovetedto have earned a degree from an Ivy League school. Today, the Ivy League schools are stillexcellent in both academia and in sports, and they have left a legacy of higher education with an exceptional track record and reputation to go along with them.4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Ivy League schools were initially famous for their reputation in sports.B. Ivy League schools didn’t come into existence until the 1950s.C. Ivy League schools do not compete with each other within the league.D. Ivy League schools are most popular for their excellence in the medical and law fields.5. Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The history of the Ivy LeagueB. The rivalry of the Ivy LeagueC. The accomplishments and cultural impacts of the Ivy LeagueD. The future development of the Ivy League6. Why do many people believe that Ivy League colleges are only for the wealthy and elite?A. Because they are the most sought-after schools in the world.B. Because they have selective admission process to help ensure the quality of their students.C. Because many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools.D. Because manycompanies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees.7. What does the underlined word “coveted” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. advocatedB.DesiredC. restrictedD. sponsoredCMikah Frye, a 9-year-old boy, was walking down the streets with his grandmother discussing Christmas gifts when he saw some homeless people struggling to stay warm in the cold night. Then he was thinking about a way to help the homeless to spend a warm Christmas.That thought stayed in Mikah Frye’s mind and when he reached home, Mikah informed his parents not to buy the Microsoft XBox gaming device he had asked for earlier. Mikah realized that by not buying the $300 device, he could instead donate over 30 blankets to the homeless. He knew how much it meant to be warm in the cold holiday season.Three years ago, Mikah and his parents were the ones living in a homeless shelter. Having suffered a financial crisis, they too had lost their house, not knowing where their next meal would come from and sharing a blanketevery night. Mikah was six years old then but he remembered what it was like to have to give back that precious blanket every morning.Reaching out to the emergency shelter programme that looked after them 3 years ago, the family donated 60 blankets in the end, each with a personalized message of hope in Mikah’s handwriting stating: “They gave me a blanket, but I had to leave it. That’s why I want you to have your own blanket. Today, I live in my own house, and someday you will too. Your friend, Mikah.”The homeless people at the shelter may not have been able to give Mikah a Christmas gift in return but his gesture was noted by the billion dollar company Microsoft who made sure that Mikah was fooled into visiting their store so that Santa Claus could personally deliver an XBox from the company to him as a reward for making the top of “Santa’s list of nice boys” that year.8. Why did Mikah give up his Christmas gift?A. The device was out of date.B. His parents had a tight budget.C. He wanted to spend a warm Christmas.D. He decided to do something charitable.9. What made Mikah have a better understanding of the situation of the homeless?A. His own experience.B. His parents’ education.C. His visiting to the emergency shelter.D. The cold weather during the holiday season.10. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. The homeless gave Mikah a gift in return.B. He finally got the gift he wanted on Christmas.C. The company Microsoft fooled Mikah into buying an Xbox.D Mikah wrote a thank-you note to the emergency shelter he lived in.11. What might be the best title for the text?A. Mikah’s Precious Christmas GiftB. Mikah’s Giving Warmth on ChristmasC. Microsoft Rewarded Nice Boys on Santa’s ListD. The Homeless Needed Blankets on a Cold ChristmasDShe is one of mankind’s oldest ancestors and is more than three million years old. New analysis of the arm bones of Lucy, an early hominid, suggests she was a tree climber. Lucy’s remains were uncovered in Ethiopia in the 1970s, with the 3.18 million-year-old skeleton(骨骼)being the most complete of any upright, walking humanancestor. Since she was discovered, researchers have debated whether she spent her life in the trees or spent time walking on the plains as well.The new evidence from scans of her arm bones proves she spent time climbing and used her arms to pull herself up. The scans were compared with cross sections of humans and chimpanzees, which spend a mixture of time in trees and walking on all fours on the ground. They found that the arm bones were more heavily built, similar to those of chimps, while her lower limbs(下肢)would have meant she walked less efficiently than modern humans. Professor John Kappelman, atUniversityofTexas, believes the advantage of his study was that it focused on characteristics that reflect actual behavior during life, suggesting that evenwhen Lucy walked upright, she may have done so less efficiently than modern humans, limiting her ability to walk long distances on the ground.Previous studies suggested that Lucy was just 4 feet tall and weighed just 65 pounds. Combining the new data paints a picture of an ancestor who may have spent a great amount of her time in trees. It also expands on evidence from earlier this year which claimed that Lucy may have died from a fall, most likely from a tree. The evidence suggests Lucy may have spent time on the ground, returning to the safety of the trees for food and to sleep, to avoid her enemies.12. What did the researchers argue about after Lucy was discovered?A. Where she lived.B. How long she lived.C. What she ate.D. How she worked.13. How could people tell Lucy spent time climbing?A. By her walking style.B. By her heavily built arm bones.C. By her strong lower limbs.D. By her large cross sections.14. When Lucy walked, she may________.A. have walked with bigger stepsB. have walked at a faster speedC. have walked more efficiently than usD. have walked a shorter distance than us15. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Guesses about Lucy’s characteristics.B. Some evidence of Lucy’s health.C. The safety of Lucy.D. The ancestor of Lucy.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年上海外国语大学附属浦东外国语学校高三生物二模试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 如图是一位同学构建的分泌蛋白的合成和运输模型，a、b、c、d分别代表细胞内的结构，以下相关说法错误的是（）A.除图中结构外，与蛋白质的合成及分泌过程有关的细胞器还有线粒体B.图中的核糖体附着在高尔基体上C.c所示的结构在蛋白质分泌前后面积基本不变D.a、b、c、d在成分上具有很大的相似性2. 某实验小组在CO2浓度和温度等环境条件适宜的情况下，测定光照强度对植物光合作用速率的影响。

光照强度与该植物叶片光合作用速率的关系及CO2的转移方向如下图所示，下列叙述中正确的是（）A.曲线中b点该植物叶肉细胞内能够产生A TP的部位只有细胞质基质、线粒体B.曲线中b点未从外界吸收CO2，其光合作用强度为0C.曲线中c点和d点所代表的光合作用强度都与图丁对应D.曲线中a点所代表的光合作用强度与图甲对应3. 如图取新鲜的神经—肌肉标本(生理盐水湿润)，a、d分别是放置在传出神经和骨骼肌上的电极，可刺激神经和骨骼肌；b是放置在传出神经上的电流计，用于记录神经兴奋电位；c为神经与肌细胞形成的突触。

正常时，用a刺激神经会引起骨骼肌收缩，下列判断分析正确的是（）A.如果用d刺激神经，在b处不能记录到电位变化，表明传出神经受损B.如果用a刺激神经，在b处记录到电位变化，骨骼肌不收缩，表明部位c受损C.如果用d刺激骨骼肌，骨骼肌不收缩，表明骨骼肌受损D.若本结构完好，用a或d刺激，在c的任何一点都可检测到电位变化4. 下列关于生命活动调节的叙述，正确的有（）①严重腹泻后只需补充水分就能维持细胞外液正常的渗透压①刺激支配肌肉的神经，引起该肌肉收缩的过程属于反射①下丘脑功能受损的幼犬会出现抗寒能力减弱，个体发育受阻等现象①突触后膜上的受体与相应神经递质结合后，就会引起突触后膜产生兴奋①在寒冷环境中能促进人体代谢产热的激素主要是甲状腺激素和肾上腺素①长期服用性激素的人可导致性腺萎缩①糖尿病患者体内细胞吸收利用血糖的速率加快A. 一项B. 两项C. 三项D. 四项5. 研究发现，当血糖浓度高于某水平时，肝细胞膜上的某种载体蛋白可将葡萄糖转运至细胞内;当血糖浓度低于某水平时，该载体蛋白又能将葡萄糖由细胞内转运出细胞。

2020-2021学年上海大学附属外国语中学高三英语第二次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AGet up to 19% off the cover pricePlus, get digital access with your paid print subscription●Up-to-date news that touches your lifeFrom money-saving tips and quick reports on the latest healthcare, to inspiring articles on world events, you'll discover hundreds of ideas for living a richer, more satisfying life.●Read it anytime, anywhereGet a l-year-print subscription ofReader's Digestmagazine today and you'll also get free digital instantly. With digital access, you can read the latest issue ofReader's Digestanytime, anywhere! Plus, you can quickly access your past issues online, too.●Continuous renewal serviceYour subscription will automatically renew at the end of each term until you cancel. You authorize us to charge you credit/debit cardat the discounted rate on the renewal service unless you cancel. You may cancel at anytime by visiting Customer Care and receive a refund on all unmailed issues.●Other informationThe cover price ofReader's Digestis $3.99 per issue and it is currently published 10 times annually. Please check the confirmation page and your mailbox to download detailed instructions.1. What is the annual fee for subscription?A. $32. 3.B. $39. 9.C. $40.D. $47. 9.2. Which of the following words best describes the content inReader's Digest?A. Touching and amusing.B. Inspiring and practical.C. Amazing and entertaining.D. Educational and theoretical.3. If you subscribe toReader’s Digest, you can ________.A. have as many issues as possible every yearB. renew your subscription at the original rateC. get back your money for the issues not mailedD. obtain all the past issues online anytime, anywhereBIf you have ever tried to catch a resting butterfly, you know it is surprisingly difficult. A new study helps explain why.Previous research had suggested that a butterfly's overhead wing clap forces the insect forward. Researchers thought the wing clap likely formed a pocket of air that shoots out like a jet, but no one had tested that until now.To understand their flight, they placed six butterflies one at a time inside a wind tunnel which was filled with smoke and then used a laser to light up the smoke just behind the butterfly. Four high-speed cameras were placed in the tunnel to take photos of the movement of the butterfly and the-smoke as the butterfly was taking off. This let the researchers create a 3D picture of that air movement as the insect flapped its wings.They observed a total of 25 takeoffs by six butterflies. Each included up to three wing beats after takeoff.The butterflies proved more likely to clap their wings together during the first few wing beats than later in flight.The photos show that forces created by the wings give rise to a flight path. The butterflies rise as their wings move down and shoot forward as their wings move up. A wing clap on takeoff, paired with a quick tum, allowed the butterflies to fly away quickly. They also noticed the wings formed an air pocket just before clapping and that the wings' flexibility and this pocket improved the jet force created by the clap.“The study is exciting,” says Ayodeji Bode-Oke, a mechanical engineer in Charlottesville. That means “we have solved the longtime puzzle about how butterflies fly, and it proves nothing is impossible on the road of scientific research. I can't wait to learn about how the study might inform designs for small aerial vehicles.”4. Why was laser used in the experiment?A. To frighten the butterflies into lying.B. To help researchers observe the butterflies.C. To help take clear photos of air movement.D. To guide the butterflies through the smoke.5. What is the finding of the research-according to paragraph 5?A. Butterflies fly forward as wings move down.B. An air pocket forms after butterflies clap wings.C. Butterflies beat wings three times before taking off.D. Upward wing movements help butterflies fly forward.6. According to the writer, the finding of the research can be used for .A. helping catch a resting butterfly more easilyB. helping do research on other butterfly-like insectsC. helping provide inspiration for making small flying vehiclesD. helping widen the applications of small flying vehicle7. What can be the best title for the text?A. Why Can Butterflies Fly Like a Jet?B. How Can Butterflies Make Wing Claps?C. How Can Butterflies Make Quick Tums?D. Why Can Butterflies Run Away Quickly?CIt’s a big change from homeless teen to Yale (耶鲁)medical school student, butperseverancepaid off for Chelesa Fearce of Clayton County, Georgia.Fearce was a fourth grader when her mom was diagnosed (诊断) with Lymphoma (淋巴瘤).That began a hard time for the family. They had to move in and out of shelters,hotels and even the family car.“I know I have been made stronger. I was homeless. My family slept on the floor and we were lucky if we got more than one full meal a day. Getting a shower, food and clean clothes was an everyday struggle,” Fearce said in a speech she gave at her high school graduation ceremony. Fearce overcame her day-to-day struggles by focusing on a better day. “I just told myself to keep working, because the future will not be like this anymore. And that helped me get through,” she told WSBTV.Fearce was determined to be a good role model for her younger sister. She found inspiration in her late grandmother, struggling with deadly diseases, who gave Fearce emotional support. In her junior and senior year, Fearce took both high school and college courses, missing out on the free meals she depended on so she could get to her college classes. Despite having to use her cellphone to study after the shelter lights were turned off at night, she not only graduated as valedictorian (毕业生代表) of her 2013 class with a 4.5 grade average, but was also given a ride scholarship—including a meal plan to Spelman College in Atlanta.After graduation, she worked full time for two years at the National Institutes for Health inBethesda,Maryland,doing research on drugs. Last fall, she entered Yale and set a course to earn both a PhD and medical degree.8. What does the underlined word “perseverance” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. instant passion.B. continuous efforts.C. great patience.D. selfless ambitions.9. How did Fearce feel facing the sufferings?A. Sad and disappointed.B. Stressed and defeated.C. Determined and confident.D. Joyous and contented.10. What can we know about Fearce’s learning experience?A. Her grandma encouraged her to study medicine.B. Her high school offered her free meals and courses.C. She failed to study late due to frequent power cut.D. She gained remarkable high school achievement.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. From Homeless to YaleB. Meet American’s Top GirlC. Disabled but not DefeatedD. Chelesa Fearce: A Girl of Many TalentsDRock and pop hitmaker Jim Steinman, who wrote and composed music for Meat Loaf, Bonnie Tyler, Celine Dion, and more, died Monday in Danbury, Connecticut. He was 73. Steinman's brother Billconfirmed that the cause of death was kidney (肾) failure.A statement posted on Steinman's Facebook page read, “It's with a heavy heart that I can confirm Jim's passing. There will be much more to say in the coming hours and days as we prepare to honor this giant of a human being and his glorious legacy.”Steinman's wholly unique career found him working as a composer, lyricist, and producer for many artists in a variety of styles. According to a biography on his website, the records he's worked on have sold more than 190 million copies worldwide. He was nominated (提名) for four Grammys, and won Album of the Year for his work on Dion's 1996 smash,Falling Into You.Steinman began his career in a musical theater while in college, writing and starring in a rock musical calledThe Dream Engine, which gained the attentionof New York theatrical producer Joe Papp. After graduating, Steinman worked at the Public Theater (which was established by Papp). In 1973, Yvonne Elliman recorded Steinman's song “Happy Ending”, which became Steinman's first commercially released tune. That same year, thePublic Theater staged his musicalMore Than You Deserve.One of the actors who auditioned forMore Than You Deservewas Meat Loaf, and he and Steinman soon struck up a close personal and professional relationship. The two began working on Meat Loaf's solo album,Bat Out of Hell, in the early 70s, but it wouldn't be released until 1977. It wasn't until about one year later — after Meat Loaf performed onSaturday Night Live— that the album became a hit.“There is no other songwriter ever like him,” Meat Loaf said. “I can never repay him. He has been such an influence, in fact, the biggest influence on my life, and I learned so much from him that there would be no way I could ever repay Mr. Jim Steinman.”12. What caused Jim Steinman's death?A. A hit on the head.B. A kidney problem.C. A failed operation.D. A lack of blood supply.13. What is the correct order of the following events?a. Meat Loaf performed onSaturday Night Live.b. Jim released his first commercial tuneHappy Ending.c. Jim and Meat Loaf released the albumBat Out of Hell.d. Jim starred in a rock musical calledThe Dream Engine.e. Jim's musicalMore Than You Deservewas put on show.f. Jim won Album of the Year for his work onFalling Into You.A. dbecafB. dbcfaeC. fdcaebD. fbceda14. Why was Jim Steinman important to Meat Loaf?A. Because Jim was an extraordinary songwriter.B. Because Jim allowed him not to repay his debt.C. Because Jim was influential in the music industry.D. Because Jim gave him friendship and career support.15. What do we learn about Jim Steinman?A. He mainly focused his career on acting in musicals.B. He is a well-known and widely respected musician.C. His closest friends were Bill, Papp and Meat Loaf.D. He won four Grammys in the course of his career.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年上海外国语大学附属双语学校高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA 21-year-old female student has become the youngest womanever to be elected as Mayor (市长) after first entering politics to campaign about food.Labor Party (工党) member Rosie Corrigan was elected as Mayor of Selby a market town in North Yorkshire, on Monday. The student’s election was unchallenged to the mayoralty, following a year serving as deputy mayor. Corrigan has just finished her second year studying politics at theUniversityofHull. A political activist since secondary school, lifelong Selby citizen Corrigan has always been ambitious. As a member of the UK Youth Parliament, she co-founded the Selby Youth council, and then went on to run for and win the local council election as a Labour candidate (候选人) aged just 18.Corrigan plan to use her year in office to further encourage political awareness in the youth of Selby. By breaking a political record of being the youngest woman ever elected inUKhistory, Corrigan hopes this will break the misunderstanding of Selby being a sleepy town with old-fashioned views. “It’s an honor to be the Mayor of my lovely hometown,” Corrigan told a newspaper. “I plan on using the year to encourage children and young people to champion their communities.”The politics student’s election has been supported whole heartedly by the politicians she has worked with throughout her early-developing career, including thebackingof former deputy Prime Minister (副首相) John Prescott. Simon Darvill said in an interview, “I hope that the success of Rosie and others like her encourages more young people to get involved in politics and change where they live for the better.”1. Which statement is true according to Paragraph 2?A. Corrigan is new to the political scene of Selby.B. Corrigan became interested in politics in childhood.C. Corrigan has been living in Selby since she was born.D. Corrigan founded the Selby Youth council by herself.2. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A. Corrigan plans to further her time in office by at least a year.B. The people of Selby are passive and have out-of-date views.C. Corrigan is the youngest person ever elected inUKhistory.D. Corrigan intends to increase Selby’s youth’spolitical involvement.3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “backing” in Paragraph 4?A. ApprovalB. AppreciationC. PraiseD. SupportBAt the World Economic Forum last month, President Trump drew claps when he announced the United States would respond to the forum's proposal to plant one trillion(万亿) trees to fight climate change. The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded thatplanting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”.If only it were true. But it isn't. Planting trees would slow down the planet's warming, but the only thing that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars, lives and damage to nature is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels, to net zero by 2050.Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion(偏离). Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster. For example, in the Netherlands, you can pay Shell an additional 1 euro cent for each liter of regular gasoline you put in your tank, to plant trees to balance the carbon release from your driving. That's clearly no more than disaster slightly delayed. The only way to stop this planet from overheating is through political, economic, technological and social solutions that end the use of fossil fuels.There is no way that planting trees, even across a global area the size of theUnited States, can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies. Trees do take up carbon from the atmosphere as they grow. But this uptake merely replaces carbon lost when forests were cleared in the first place, usually long ago. Regrowing forests where they once grew can undo some damage done in the past, but even a trillion trees can't store enough carbon to head off dramatic climate changes this century.In a sharp counter argument to last summer's Paper in Science, Justin Gillis wrote in the same journal in October that the study's findings were inconsistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle. He warned that “the claimthat global tree restoration(复原) is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”.4. What do we know about the trillion-tree idea?A. It was published in a journal.B. It was proposed last summer.C. It was put forward by Trump.D. It drew lots of public attention.5. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. A drawback of the tree planting strategy.B. An example of balancing carbon release.C. An anecdote of making a purchase at Shell.D. A responsibility for politicians and economists.6. What was Justin Gillis's attitude towards global tree restoration?A. Indifferent.B. Opposed.C. Hesitant.D. Supportive.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Contradictory Ideas on Tree Planting.B. A Trillion Trees Come to the Rescue.C. Planting Trees Won't Save the World.D. The Best Solution to Climate Change.CFor our official holidays, like the National Holiday, many people'd like to go on a visit to some places of interest. Yesterday our class had a heated discussion about whether we should travel during holidays.One man's meat is another man's poison.Some students are for it. They think visitors can enjoy a good variety of scenery. Facing glorious(壮丽的) touristattractions, travelers may well broaden their eyes. At the same time, they can keep fit by walking on foot, and taste different delicious food that they can't get in their own hometowns. What's more, travelling can make a contribution to our economy development, mainly to the local economy development. Most travelers need to buy tickets to go to their destinations, thus traffic department will earn money. Travelers also need to sleep and eat, thus local hotels and restaurants also share benefits. Paying admission(门票费) benefits local governments. As for native farmers, they can benefit from selling local specialities to many travelers. In this case, money circulation(货币流通) is speeded up.On the other hand, other students are against it. They believe it's a waste of money. Some famous places ofinterest are too crowded, while those smaller ones are not worth visiting. Travelling may cause traffic jams here and there. What's worse, due to travelling here and there, there exist some accidents on the road. Besides, it's known that travelling can also pollute the local environment. In order to reduce air and waste pollution, people should have a rest to the full, reading books or watching TV at home. Recently, many have been afraid of being infected with COVID-19 in particular.As far as I am concerned, travelling is a good choice to spend holidays. And the government should take some measures to solve the existing problems. More policemen should be on duty to deal with accidents in time. Can we make a small change to the period when people don't have to go to work in some provinces? Let's take the example of the National Holiday, if some provinces of our country spend this holiday mainly in late September, with the National Day coming to an end, rather than in earlyOctober, most famous places of interest will not become crowded. At the same time, visitors must obey traffic rules and shouldn't throw rubbish freely here and there. Last but not least, never should we travel when there is a pandemic(大流行病，瘟疫). It's our duty to prevent its spread.8. What does the underlined sentence “One man's meat is another man's poison” in this passage mean?A. Some persons like meat, while others don't.B. Different persons taste meals differently.C. A man mistakes meat for poison.D. Different persons have different opinions on one thing.9. How do travelers contribute to our economy development?A. They buy all kinds of tickets.B. They walk, sleep, eat and meet native farmers.C. They speed up money circulation by spending money on transport, accommodations(膳宿), specialities and admission.D. They only enjoy visiting many glorious tourist attractions.10. Which sentence of the following is not true?A. There's a need for more policemen.B Some provinces can change the date of an official holiday completely.C. Visitors must obey traffic rules and shouldn't throw rubbish freely.D. People should never travel when there is a pandemic.11. What the author's attitude to travel during holidays?A. He doesn't show his opinion.B. He doesn't agree at all.C. He supports unconditionally.D. He supports and makes some suggestions.DMark Bertram, 46, lost the tips of two fingers at work in 2018 when his hand became trapped in a fan belt. “It's life-changing but it's not life-ending,” he says. “Doing work is harder now. Everything is just a little different.”After two surgeries and occupational therapy, Bertram decided to make light of his condition by asking Eric Catalano, a tattoo (纹身) artist, to create fingernail tattoos. The idea made everyone in the studio laugh—until they saw the final result. “The mood changed,” Catalano recalls from his Eternal Ink Tattoo Studio. “Everything turned from funny to wow.”When Catalano posted a photo of the tattoos, a pair of fingernails that looked so real that no one could believe their eyes, he had no idea the image would eventually be viewed by millions of people around the world.The viral photo pushed Catalano, 40, further into the world of paramedical (辅助医疗的) tattooing. Now people with life-altering scars come from as far away as Ireland to visit his shop. They enter Eternal Ink looking for the artistic healing they saw online. Using flesh-toned (肉色的) inks and a needle, Catalano transforms his clients' view of themselves.Leslie Pollan, 32, a dog breeder in Oxford, was bitten on the face by a puppy in 2014. She underwent countless surgeries to correct a scar on her lip.“Plastic surgery gave me no hope,” she says. “So I looked for other options.” She ultimately traveled six hours to meet with Catalano. He hid Pollan's lip scar, giving her back a piece of her confidence.“ You don't understand until you've been through it,” Pollan says. “It made me have a different look on life.”Catalano performs up to eight reconstructive tattoos. While he charges $100 per regular tattoo, he doesn't charge for paramedical tattoos. “Financially, it doesn't make sense,” Catalano says. “But every time I see that emotion from my customers, I'm 100 percent sure this is something that I can't stop doing.”12. What best describes people's attitude when first hearing of fingernail tattoos?A. Indifferent.B. Ridiculous.C. Confident.D. Surprised.13. What did Catalano do to help Leslie Pollan?A. He drew an artistic puppy.B. He inked scars on her face.C. He created a lip tattoo.D. He performed plastic surgeries on her.14. What can we infer from the passage?A. Cosmetic surgery is of no use.B. Tattoos earn Mark Bertram a good fame.C. Catalano is a kind and generous person.D. Fingernail tattoos are popular around the world.15. What could be the best title for the text?A. A Life-changing EventB. Miracle TattoosC. An Amazing ArtistD. A Promising Business第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年上海外国语大学附属浦东外国语学校高三英语二模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANational Disability Insurance Scheme (方案)The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) will transform the way Queenslanders with disability are supported and change the way disability services are funded and delivered.Under the scheme, Queenslanders with disability will have choice and control over how they access support and who delivers them. They will also have certainty that they will be supported throughout their lifetime to achieve their personal goals.The NDIS will have an effect on the following programs.School Transport Assistance Program for Students with DisabilityThe NDIS will not disrupt existing services for qualified students. The Queensland Government will also continue to provide school transport assistance for students with disability who are not qualified to receive funding via the NDIS.For more information about the School Transport Assistance Program, and to check your qualification, visit the Education and Training website.Taxi Subsidy (补助金) SchemeThe Queensland Governmenthas lengthened the Taxi Subsidy Scheme (TSS) membership for NDIS qualified members to 31 October, 2022. This will allow more time to solve transport support arrangements under the Commonwealth’s NDIS.You can find more information about the TSS and your qualification on the TransLink website.Disability Parking Permit SchemeNo changes will be made to the Disability parking permit scheme when the NDIS is introduced inQueensland. Current arrangements for this scheme will be maintained.You can find more information on this scheme, and check your qualification, on the Queensland Government website.Public Transport Concessions for People with DisabilityThere will be no change to concessions on public transport for people with disability when the NDIS is introduced inQueensland. TransLink will continue to ensure concessions are provided for disabled persons travelling on public transport inQueenslandwhen the NDIS is introduced.You can find more information about public transport discounts for people with disability, and check your qualification, on the TransLink website,1.Which program helps drive the disabled to and from school?A.Taxi Subsidy Scheme.B.Disability Parking Permit Scheme.C.Public Transport Concessions for People with Disability.D.School Transport Assistance Program for Students with Disability.2.What can we learn about Taxi Subsidy Scheme?A.The scheme is for parking permit.B.The existing membership can be effective for longer time.C.There is no change to current arrangements for the scheme.D.The NDIS will not break off existing services for qualified students.3.What do the four programs have in common?A.They are all related to transport.B.They are all largely affected by NDIS.C.They all can be checked on the same website.D.They all provide discounts for disabled persons.BNot long after the first fitness magazine was published, a list probably followed soon after, ranking the best fitness equipment. This tradition has continued, with the implied message: usethisand exercise willbe yours.And that's part of the problem, says Dr. Lieberman, a professor of Harvard University. There isn't one “best” anything to achieve fitness. Besides, people understand exercise is good for them. Knowledge about exercise still doesn't motivate.Before you can answer why, it helps to look at history. Before the Industrial Revolution, people fetched water and walked up stairs because they had to. But then technology made life and work easier. Exercise has become something that people have to carve out time for. “It's a fundamental instinct to avoid physical activity when it's neither necessary nor rewarding,” he says.It would seem like being healthy would qualify as necessary, but a doctor's prescription to exercise “can make it like taking cod liver oil,” Lieberman says. “Sometimes it works, but more often than not, it doesn't. And it's still coming across as an order, and “not having a heart attack in five years is not an immediate reward,” says Dr. Beth Frates, assistant professor at Harvard Medical School.People might not want to exercise because it's never been enjoyable. Most of us probably have memories of gym class, not being picked for a team, or being in a fitness center that's filled with in-shape people. The majority don't feel excited. They feel that exercise isn't for them, but it can be. Coaching people in an empowering and motivating way can work much better than ordering someone to exercise. It starts with an expanded definition of what counts as exercise, and an injection of what's rarely used to describe exercise, but is certainly allowed: namely, fun.4. What does the underlined “this” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. The magazine.B. The tradition.C. The equipment.D. The message.5. What can we infer about technology?A. It improves life quality.B. It saves people's time.C. It drives social progress.D. It makes exercise less likely.6. Why does the author mention “cod liver oil” in paragraph 4?A. To attach importance to health.B. To present a doctor's prescription.C. To explain exercise is considered inessential.D. To introduce the latest medical application.7. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Exercise should be made more joyful.B. It's more fun to work out with others.C. We may encounter bad workout experiences.D. Orders work well to motivate people to exercise.CKenyan mother Beth Mwende heard her sleeping child cry out, but did not worry after the three-year-old quickly quietened down. The next morning, however, she found her daughter, Mercy, nearly unconscious with two bite marks in the neck. “I didn’t know that it was a snake,” Mwende said.Although snakebites are common in her hometown, antivenom medication is difficult to get. Mwende lives about 160 kilometers east of Nairobi, Kenya’s capital. So she took her daughter to a traditional healer. He placed stones over the bites. Mercy died within hours. She was one of about 700 Kenyans killed by snakebites each year, notes a report in the scientific publicationToxicon.The Kenya Snakebite Research and Intervention Center (KSRIC) is working to change that. The KSRIC hopes to have East Africa’s first antivenom medication on the market within five years. It estimates the cost will be about 30 percent of an imported product, which often sells for about US $ 30.More than 70, 000 people are bitten in East Africa each year. Climate change and deforestation are worsening the problem as snakes get pushed out of natural surroundings into populated areas.Nearly 100 snakes live at the research center in a forest near Nairobi. Researchers take venom from snakes and study it before injecting small amounts into other animals, such as sheep. The animals then create antibodies that can be made into antivenom.“Up to now, no one has made any kind of antivenom in Kenya,’’ said Geoffrey Maranga Kepha, a senior snake handler.Two effective antivenoms are available in Kenya, from India and Mexico, the center says.The center is teaching communities that using antivenom immediately after receiving a snakebite can save lives, said head researcher George Adinoh.“After seeing how people died in Kenya from snakebites I decided to devote my life to coming up with a rescue measure that will help or prevent people from dying from snakebites,” snake handler Kepha added.8. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?A. By telling a story.B. By listing figures.C. By referririg to documents.D. By making a comparison.9. Why did Mwende take her daughter to a traditional healer?A. She couldn’t afford any modern treatment.B. She lived where antivenom medication is not available.C. The traditional way is very effective to treat snakebites.D. She believed a traditional healer could cure her daughter.10. What is causing more snakebites to happen in East Africa?A. Lack of antivenom medication.B. Environmental damage and climate change.C. People’s low awareness of the danger of snakes.D. People’s pursuit of traditional cures for snakebites.11. What do we know about antivenom in Kenya from the text?A. Itis taken from antibodies of sheep.B. There is only one effective antivenom available.C. KSRIC is trying to develop a local antivenom now.D. People refuse to use antivenom after being bitten by snakes.DBecause of COVID-19, in many places, large gatherings of people aren’t allowed. In some areas, the rules are more strict, and people aren't allowed to leave their homes unless going out is ly necessary.These steps are very important for slowing the disease down. By doing this, governments can make sure doctors and hospitals are better able to deal with all the sick people, and that fewer people suffer in all. Usually, it's called “flattening the curve”.But if no one can go out, that means businesses which depend on visitors struggle. Many singers, bands, and other musicians would normally be giving concerts now. Instead, they have to find new ways to share their music and connect with their audiences. The Metropolitan Opera in New York has canceled(取消) its season, but it is showing a special live stream of a different opera each day on its website. Other opera companies have made similar moves. Several theater companies are either offering recorded versions of their plays online or posting videos of their actors performing.Nick Green wrote a musical play that was canceled because of the virus. He set up a website with links that allow people to enjoy the work of artists around the world who have had their projects canceled. He called his project the Social Distancing Festival. He sad it was a time when he should be doing something new, rather than feeling disappointed.Even TV shows have to find new ways to film their shows. Some late night TV shows have continued, but without audiences. Others are showing reruns.While their shows are on pause, some TV stars like Conan O’Brien and Jimmy Fallon have been filming short videos at home. Mr. O’ Brien plans to bring his show back on the air soon by filming with his own phone and talking with guests over the Internet.12. What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Keeping patients staying at home anytime.B. Speed up the spread of disease.C. Stopping people from often gathering up.D. Slowing down the spread of the disease.13. What are opera companies’ new ways?A. Stopping sharing music with audience.B. Providing live stream services.C. Trying to attract live audiences.D. Sharing their operas with each other14. What did the cancellation of Nick Green's play bring him?A. Disappointment.B. Annoyance .C. Creativity.D. Anxiety.15. What is the text mainly about?A. People staying at home .B. The absence of audiences.C. The efforts of Nick Green .D. Entertainment going online .第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届上海外国语大学附属浦东外国语学校高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI started working with my hands at a young age. The youngest of five brothers, I took on the role as a “maintenance (维修) man” at an early age for our family’s small grocery store. Often my dad wouldn’t give me a clear idea of how something shouldbe done, so I just had to figure it out by researching or through trial and error.Fast forward to 2016 and those problem-solving skills would become the focus of Tippecanoe High School’s Homebuilding class. I knew I wanted to teach the students skills that went beyond just being able to hammer nails or cut pieces of two-by-fours. The problem was that we didn’t have the resources at the time to do much else. The idea of attracting some type of funding seemed very important. Designing, building and selling a tiny house on wheels seemed like the perfect project to accomplishthe task. I reached out to a number of local businesses and most of them responded with the greatest support for what x k w we were doing.This year we added a new element to the program. Through one of our partners, we were able to connect with the nonprofit Veteran’s Ananda Incorporated. Students in the Homebuilding class are leading the design and production of micro houses to be donated to this organization. The new partnership gives the students another focus to consider when designing and building the houses.There has been no shortage of students since our first year. Three years ago we had 41 students, the next 191, and this year it was limited to just over 160 students so we could have a safe and manageable classroom environment. The number of girls taking the class has risen steadily over the last few years as well. This class offers something for everyone and the skills are universal.1. How can we describe the young author?A. He opened a small grocery store.B. He did a lot of research in the lab.C. He enjoyed doing hands-on activities.D. He learnt about maintenance from his father.2. What do the underlined words “the task” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Getting some financial support.B. Selling a tiny house on wheels.C. Reaching out to many local businesses.D. Offering the students some problem-solving skills.3. What can be inferred about the Homebuilding class from the last paragraph?A. Its size needs increasing.B. Itis popular with the students.C. It has caused some safety concerns.D. Its classroom environment is hard to manage.BFor our official holidays, like the National Holiday, many people'd like to go on a visit to some places of interest. Yesterday our class had a heated discussion about whether we should travel during holidays.One man's meat is another man's poison.Some students are for it. They think visitors can enjoy a good variety of scenery. Facing glorious(壮丽的) touristattractions, travelers may well broaden their eyes. At the same time, they can keep fit by walking on foot, and taste different delicious food that they can't get in their own hometowns. What's more, travelling can make a contribution to our economy development, mainly to the local economy development. Most travelers need to buy tickets to go to their destinations, thus traffic department will earn money. Travelers also need to sleep and eat, thus local hotels and restaurants also share benefits. Paying admission(门票费) benefits local governments. As for native farmers, they can benefit from selling local specialities to many travelers. In this case, money circulation(货币流通) is speeded up.On the other hand, other students are against it. They believe it's a waste of money. Some famous places of interest are too crowded, while those smaller ones are not worth visiting. Travelling may cause traffic jams here and there. What's worse, due to travelling here and there, there exist some accidents on the road. Besides, it's known that travelling can also pollute the local environment. In order to reduce air and waste pollution, people should have a rest to the full, reading books or watching TV at home. Recently, many have been afraid of being infected with COVID-19 in particular.As far as I am concerned, travelling is a good choice to spend holidays. And the government should take some measures to solve the existing problems. More policemen should be on duty to deal with accidents in time. Can we make a small change to the period when people don't have to go to work in some provinces? Let's take the example of the National Holiday, if some provinces of our country spend this holiday mainly in late September,with the National Day coming to an end, rather than in earlyOctober, most famous places of interest will not become crowded. At the same time, visitors must obey traffic rules and shouldn't throw rubbish freely here and there. Last but not least, never should we travel when there is a pandemic(大流行病，瘟疫). It's our duty to prevent its spread.4. What does the underlined sentence “One man's meat is another man's poison” in this passage mean?A. Some persons like meat, while others don't.B. Different persons taste meals differently.C. A man mistakes meat for poison.D. Different persons have different opinions on one thing.5. How do travelers contribute to our economy development?A. They buy all kinds of tickets.B. They walk, sleep, eat and meet native farmers.C. They speed up money circulation by spending money on transport, accommodations(膳宿), specialities and admission.D. They only enjoy visiting many glorious tourist attractions.6. Which sentence of the following is not true?A. There's a need for more policemen.B Some provinces can change the date of an official holiday completely.C. Visitors must obey traffic rules and shouldn't throw rubbish freely.D. People should never travel when there is a pandemic.7. What the author's attitude to travel during holidays?A. He doesn't show his opinion.B. He doesn't agree at all.C. He supports unconditionally.D. He supports and makes some suggestions.CNextdoor，an online social network for neighbors，says it has attracted $60 million from early backers of technology giants，Google，Amazon and Facebook.The new investment，1ed by venture firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and investment firm Tiger Global Management，values Nextdoor at more than $500 million，said a personfamiliar with the matter.Nextdoor members make Facebook-style postings，giving or seeking recommendations for services such as babysitters and yard maintenance or local retailers and restaurants. They also post about community issues suchas parking，crimeand safety，or items for sale or loan.The investment sum emphasizes the appeal of businesses that can tap into the growing use of mobile devices，as well as social networking Perhaps the best current example is Twitter，which is preparing for an initial public offering that values the company at up to about $11 billion.“We’re all spending more time with our screens，more engaged，but I think data shows we’re less connected，”said John Doerr of Kleiner Perkins，mentioning his own experience of knowing few of his neighbors. Nextdoor，with its ability to introduce neighbors to each other，helps people regain the sense of connection，he said.Early next year，Nextdoor plans to expand to Canada，followed by Great Britain，Australia，and South Africa，chief executive NiravTolia said. While Nextdoor has not yet have made any profit after two years of operations，Tolia said he is not worried.“If we look at the great companies at this stage，none of them started to monetize this early in their evolution. ”Tolia said. “It’s all about getting the product right. ”Eventually，Nextdoor plans to tap into local advertising，he said.Nextdoor is currently used in 22，527 neighborhoods across the United States，up from 5，694 a year ago. Including the latest funding round，it has raised just over $100 million.8. What attitude do the early backers of technology grant hold towards Nextdoor?A. They doubt its value.B. They think poorly of it.C. They are in favor of it.D. They are worried about it.9. What is mainly discussed about Nextdoor in Paragraph 3?A. Its members.B. Its service.C. Its value.D. Its location.10. What is the author’s purpose of mentioning Twitter in Paragraph 4?A. To support his viewpoint.B. To post an advertisement.C. To introduce a network.D. To makea public offer.11. How does Nirav Tolia feel about the future of Nextdoor?A. Curious.B. Upset.C. Cautious.D. Optimistic.DIt is a question people have been asking for ages. Is there a way to turn back the aging process?For centuries, people have been looking for a “fountain of youth”. The idea is that if you find a magical fountain, and drink from its waters, you will not age.Researchers in New York did not find an actual fountain of youth, but they may have found a way to turn back the aging process. It appears the answer may be hidden right between your eyes, in an area called the hypothalamus (下丘脑). The hypothalamus is part of your brain. It controls important activities within the body.Researchers at New York’s Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that hypothalamus neural (神经的) stem cells also influence how fast aging takes place in the body.What are stem cells(干细胞)? They are simple cells that can develop into specialized cells, like blood or skin cells. Stem cells can also repair damaged tissues and organs.Dongsheng Cai is a professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He was the lead researcher in a study on aging in mice. He and his team reported their findings in the journal Nature, Cai explained when hypothalamus function is in decline, particularly the loss of hypothalamus stem cells, and this protection against the aging development is lost. it eventually leads to aging.Using this information, the researchers began trying to activate, or energize, the hypothalamus laboratory mice. They did this by injecting the animals with stem cells, Later, the researchers examined tissues and tested for changes in behavior. They looked for changes in the strength and coordination (协调) of the animals muscles. They also studied the social behavior and cognitive ability of the mice. The researchers say the results show that the treatment slowed aging in the animals, Cai says injecting middle-aged mice with stem cells from younger mice helped the older animals live longer.But these results were just from studying mice in a laboratory. If the mice can live longer, does that mean people could have longer lives? The next step is to see if the anti-aging effects also work in.12. In Paragraph 2 a “fountain of youth” is mentioned to ________.A. introduce the main topicB. show a hidden secret.C. describe scientists researchD. recommend a way to stay young13. Aging takes place in the body when _______.A. stem cells develop into specialized cellsB. there are important activities within the bodyC. hypothalamus neural stem cells fail to protect against agingD. the hypothalamus fails to repair damaged tissues and organs14. What do we know about the researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine from the text?A. They did experiments to see how stem cells work.B. They studied mice to find their connection with humans.C. They have found a possible way to slow the aging progress.D. They have found no changes in mice s behavior during the experiment15. What will the researchers probably do next?A. They will help some animals live longer.B. They will announce the fountain of youth doesn’t existC. They will develop products to help people live a longer life immediatelyD. They will do research to see if what they have found in mice will apply to humans.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海外国语大学附属浦东外国语学校高三英语第二次联考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Rechargeable Go!☑The digital sound processing chip(芯片) provides clear sound and makes speech easier to understand with less whistling sound☑Never replace batteries again!Full Charge Gives 16 Hours of Use! (Free Charging Station Included)☑Easy On/ Off Button☑Automatic Noise Reduction and Feedback Canceler☑100% Money Back Guarantee5 Star Reviews☑☑☑☑☑Amazing!"My sisters had all given up hope that our elderly mother would hear us clearly again. And then we took a chance. We're so glad we did. They've been amazing for her, and for our entire family."-Karen M.The new HearClear GO Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aids feature advanced digital technology at an unbelievably affordable price! The GO has the same key elements that all high-end digital hearing aids share while leaving out fancy bells and whistles that increase cost and require expensive adjustments. You'll be happier saving much money!Your lightweight GO hearing aids are amazingly convenient! With the GO'S charging station, you won't have to keep replacing tiny hearing aid batteries, and the GO is pre-programmed for most mild to moderate hearing loss-no costly professional adjustments needed.You can spend thousands on an expensive hearing aid, or you can spend just $ 239 on a hearing aid that's great for most mild to moderate hearing loss (only $ 199 each when you buy a pair). We're so sure you'll be happy with your new hearing aids.1. Which is the feature of the GO?A. It removes noises.B. It has separate on/ off buttons.C. It includes small batteries.D. It focuses on practical functions.2. Why does the author refer to Karen?A. To prove the GO's popularity.B. To explain the GO'S function.C. To convey the family's amazement.D. To show the GO'S high performance.3. How much do you pay for a pair of the GO?A. $ 199.B. $ 239.C. $ 398.D. $ 478.BTo show empathy is to identify with another’s feelings. It is to emotionally put yourself in the place of another. The ability to empathize is directly dependent on your ability to feel your own feelings and identify them.If you have never felt a certain feeling, it will be hard for you to understand how another person is feeling. If you have never put your hand in a flame, you will not know the pain of fire. If you have not experienced jealousy, you will not understand its power.Readingabout a feeling and intellectually knowing about it is very different than actually experiencing it for yourself.Among those with an equal level of emotional intelligence, the person who has actually experienced the widest range and variety of feelings — the great depths of depression and the heights of fulfillment, for example, — is the one who is most able to empathize. On the other hand, when we say that someone “can’t relate” to other people, it is likely because they haven’t experienced, acknowledged or accepted many feelings of their own.Once you have felt discriminated against, for example, it is much easier to relate with someone else who has been discriminated against. Our innate emotional intelligence gives us the ability to quickly recall those instances and form associations when we encounter discrimination again. We then can use the “reliving” of those emotions to guide our thinking and actions. This is one of the ways nature slowly evolves towards a higher level of survival.For this process to work, the first step is that we must be able to experience our own emotions. This means we must be open to them and not distract ourselves from them or try to numb ourselves from our feelings through drugs, alcohol, etc.Next, we need to become aware of what we are actually feeling — to acknowledge, identify, and accept ourfeelings. Only then can we empathize with others. That is one reason why it is important to work on your own emotional awareness and sensitivity — in other words, to be “in touch with” your feelings.4. How does the author explain the feelings of empathy?A. By giving examples.B. By having classification.C. By making comparison.D. By providing data.5. Which statement may the author agree with?A. Low level of empathy leads to fewer varieties of feelings.B. The deeper one’s feelings are, the more empathetic one is.C. Empathy is a way we recently picked up for better survival.D. Rich experiences may not go with a high level of empathy.6. What’s the purpose of the last two paragraphs of the text?A. To advise a sincere attitude to one’s experiences.B To suggest a right understanding of empathy.C. To require a realbond with one’s emotions.D. To call for true acceptance of one’s feelings.7. What is the best title for the text?A. How Empathy UnfoldsB. Be Open to Your EmotionsC. Why Is Empathy ImportantD. Accept Your True SelfCThe founder of Earth Day was Gaylord Nelson, a U.S. Senator fromWisconsin. During the late 1960s, Americans witnessed the uninvited side effects of high productivity. Factories and power plants were sending out smoke and industrial waste while Americans were using petrol for their massive(大量的) cars, making air pollution almostsynonymous withthe nation’s development.What moved Senator Nelson to action was the 1969 massive oil spill inCalifornia, the largest in theUnited Statesat that time. The spill proved to be an environmental nightmare as it had a significant effect on marine life, killing about 3,500 sea birds, as well as marine animals such as dolphins, elephant seals and sea lions, fueling public anger. Inspired by the student antiwar movement at that period of time, Nelson found it an appropriate time to direct the energy of the students towards a fight for environmental protection. He decided that it was time to educate the Americans on the need to protect the environment. Thus Earth Day was born in 1970, and public environmentalawareness took centre stage.On 22ndApril 1970, millions of Americans took to the street and thousands of students marched to appeal for a healthy, sustainable environment. There was now a new synergy(协同作用) among different groups which had previously been fighting their causes related to the environment. Their fight for environmental conservation became so overwhelming that affected businesses were forced to follow environmental standards if they wanted to continue their operations.As it became more apparent that environmental issues were not just localized ones but a global concern, the year 1990 saw Earth Day reach out to many more around the world. Earth Day 1990 helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit inRio de Janeiro, bringing together many nations for a united effort towards protecting the environment.8. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “synonymous with” in paragraph 1?A. familiar withB. opposite toC. different fromD. equal to9. Why did Nelson found Earth Day?A. To support students’ antiwar movement.B. To draw people’s attention to the seriousness of the oil spill.C. To arouse American’s awareness of environmental conservation.D. To educate Americans to protect marine life threatened by oil spill events.10. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Businesses would like to follow environmental standards.B. Earth Day united people to fight for environmental protection.C. It was the side effects of high productivity that led Nelson to take action.D. The 1992 United Nations Earth Summit made Earth Day known to more countries.11. The passage mainly talks about_______.A. how Earth Day came into beingB. why Earth Day was so significantC. who the founder of Earth Day wasD. what Earth Day meantto the worldDJennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire andbecame the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's(学士) degree.Jennifer grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) a lot to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned animportant lesson, witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.12. What did Jennifer do after high school?A. She helped her dad with his work.B. She ran the family farm on her own.C. She taught her sisters and brothers.D. She supported herself through college.13. Why did she choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital?A. To learn from the best nurses.B. To take care of her kids easily at night.C. To save money for her parents.D. To find a well-paid job there.14. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A. Her health.B. Her chance of promotion.C Her reputation. D. Her time with family.15. What can we learn from Jennifer's story?A. Hard work pays off.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Time is money.D. Education is the key to success.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海外国语大学附属双语学校高三英语第二次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAmid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.PotatoesShelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark placeYukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoes will last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.Tea※Shelf life：6 to 12 months past "sell - by" dateDried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.Peanuts● Shelf life：1 to 2 monthsPeanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.Canned fruits and vegetables● Shelf life：1 to 2 years past "sell - by” dateCanningis an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?A. Potatoes.B. Tea.C. Peanuts.D. Canned fruits and vegetables.2. What is special about tea?A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods ?A. Shapes of cans.B. Categories of foods.C. Decline of the temperature.D. Exposure to high temperature.BDragon boating is a team sport that has its root in ancient China. The boats are decorated with a dragon head and tail. In recent years cancer survivor groups have got involved in the sport to help make friends and help rebuild their lives.On a recent Saturday morning, a group of 20 women were on a boat in the Anacostia River in Washington DC. They moved their paddles(船桨)in rhythm to the call of a coach. The women belong to the dragon boat team GoPink! DC, which trains weekly. It also races against other breast cancer survivor teams in dragon boat festivals. As a result, GoPink! DC won medals in this Washington dragon boat festival.Lydia Collins joined five years ago after finding out she had breast cancer. “I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was demoralized because of my illness - I lost all interest in life and wouldn't even get out of bed to eat. But now I love the team spirit. I just love everything about it. It is like a floating support group on the water.”The paddles are breast cancer survivors and their supporters. Annette Rothemel helped establish(建立)the group in 2006. She is a researcher with the National Institutes of Health as well as a breast cancer survivor. “It is sort of an easy entry sport because on the same boat people at different levels can be doing the same sport.” But Ms Rothemel saysdragon boating can be physically demanding, especially for someone who is sick and getting treatment for cancer.“It’s hard but I think you have to challenge yourself in life. This is something I look forward to. I get to be out here with my sisters and supporters that understand what I’m going through and help motivate me. So it makes me stronger and it makes me feel better,” another cancer survivor Rhonda Hartzel said.Annette Rothemel says the cancer survivors feel a sense of sisterhood and share good times when they paddle together. She says both feelings are treasured by the team.4. What do the underline wordsdemoralizedIn para.3 probably mean?A. depressedB. anxiousC. astonishedD. awkward5. What can we know about Lydia Collims from the text?A. she helps establish Go Pink !DCB. she tries to find a cure for the cancerC. she benefits from the dragon boat raceD. she gives up hope because of her illness6. How can the dragon boat race help the cancer survivorsA. forget their tough experiencesB. recover physically and mentallyC. get rid of the pains of their cancerD. enjoy their rest life without sufferings7. What does the text tell us about Annette Rothemel?A. she is an expert in studying the cause of the cancerB. she helps the cancer survivors in financial difficultiesC. she believes there is a healthful result from the dragon boat raceD. she thinks it unwise for the patient to join in the dragon boat raceCThe grocerystore might not be your favorite place to visit when you're at home, but is it ever fun when you're in another country? Honestly speaking, they're one of those strange little destinations that I like to sniff out everywhere I go, much as other travelers head toward clothing stores, libraries, coffee shops or galleries.The greatest beauty of the grocery store –– whether it's a supermarket or a tiny shop –– is that it gives you a glimpse into what local people buy to cook their own meals. This offers clues into their lifestyles and preferences, and into the agricultural and cooking practices of the country. I stare at the strange fruits and vegetables, the seafood, the cheese, the spices, the bread, and oh, the chocolate...always the chocolate!Being the environmental nerd（呆子）I am, I like paying attention to packaging, which can reflect people's attitudes towards environmental protection. Italy, for example, has a habit of requiring customers to bag their fruits and vegetables in plastic for weighing, while Sri Lanka leaveseverything loose in bins. In Brazil, everything is prepackaged in a layer of plastic.People in grocery stores tend to be friendlier. They smile, say hello, and sometimes ask questions, which can lead to great conversations. I had a further discussion with a teenaged cashier in Sri Lanka, over which bag ofcrunchy（松脆的）mix to buy. He insisted that the one labeled “spicy” would be too hot for me, but I told him I was willing to risk it. He laughed and we ended up talking about my favorite Sri Lankan foods for ten minutes.It's interesting then to come home and look at one's own local grocery store through new eyes. What would a visitor think? What stands out, and what do the food displays say about us as a culture? You might be surprised by what you realize.8. According to the author, what is the key benefit of visiting foreign grocery stores?A. Learning to cook foreign dishes.B. Making friends with local people.C. Buying cheaper food and souvenirs.D. Knowing local people and the country.9. What does the author show by mentioning some countries in paragraph 3?A. People's special lifestyles.B. People's shopping habits.C. People's environmental awareness.D. People's packaging methods.10. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. Sri Lankans know a lot about food.B. Grocery stores are good social places.C. Grocery stores vary in different countries.D. Sri Lankans like to give strangers suggestions.11. Which of the following shows the structure of text? (P: paragraph)A. B.C. D.DA Virginia teen is doing his part to make sure frontline health care workers are getting the meals they need to help them take care of themselves and others.Arul Nigam, 17, of Tyson's Corner, Va. , has had to make several adjustments since his school year ended abruptly in mid-March due to the coronavirus pandemic(新冠疫情).“We didn'thave any classes for like over a month and then after that there were a lot of technical difficulties. So I started to have a lot more free time,” he tells Yahoo Life. “It was really saddening, but it was also something that really surprised me, that our health care workers are facing something like that,” Nigam says. “So I wanted to see what I could do to help them because obviously, they're sacrificing so much and giving so much for all of us. ”In late March, the teen started fundraising efforts with the help of friends and family to help these health care workers receive much-needed meals. He also began doing research about what hospitals had the most amount of coronavirus cases, so he could prioritize those places first. He was also arranging for the orders to be fulfilled at local family-owned restaurants impacted by shutdown orders. So far, Nigam has delivered over 1,000 meals to 22 hospitals in 13 states, including New York, Massachusetts and Maryland.Nigam's efforts have not only helped health care workers, but restaurants as well. With quarantine restrictionstaking a toll onthe food industry, places like Best Coast Burrito in Oakland, Calif. , have lost business over the last few weeks. Best Coast's owner,Alvin Shen, tells Yahoo Life that being able to partner with Arul and others in efforts to feed those on the frontline has been a big help.12. What would Nigam probably do according to his words?A. Study at home by himself.B. Spend the more free time playing.C. Donate some money to health care workers.D. Do something helpful for health care workers.13. What is Nigam's priority when delivering food?A. The urgency of meals.B. The severity of the virus.C. The number of doctors.D. The position of hospitals.14. What does the phrase “taking a toll on” in the last paragraph mean?A. Turning a blind eye to.B. Keeping an eye on.C Causing lots of damage to.D. Answering completely for.15. Where can you probably read this text?A. Science fiction.B. Fashion magazine.C. Life magazine.D. Entertainment newspaper.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。