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Unite 1一、Words in use选词填空Explore(v.勘探,探测) transmit(v.传送,传递,传播) resource(n.资源) emerge(v.出现,为···所公认) yield(v.产生,出产,屈从,让步) pose(v.摆姿势,导致) assume(v.认为,假定,假设) confidence(n.信任信赖,自信心) inherit(v.沿袭,秉承,继承) compreh ensive(a.综合的,多方面的)1. Given the chance to show his ability, he regained confidence and began to succeed in school.2. It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocean because some parts are very deep.3. It was about 30 seconds before Alex emerged from the water; we were quite scared.4. We often assume that when other people do the same things as we do, they do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable.5. There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may pose a threat to social stability.6. After a(n) comprehensive physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high.7. It is well known that China is a country with rich natural resources anda very big population.8. Some people believe that the earth can yield enough food to support at least twice its present population.9. Sam inherited the gift of imagination from his family, but he lacked the driving power to take action.10. A bee that has found honey is able to transmit to other bees the information they need in order to collect the honey.二、Word building字楼1.classified2.assist3.resistant4.uncovered5.uneasy6. qualify7.unloading8.applicants9.simplified 10. accountant 11.notified三、Banked cloze篇章词汇理解(15选10)attain赢得,获得,得到fascinating迷人的,吸引人fulfill履行,执行pursue追求,致力于available可获得的可利用的qualify使合适,合格raise提升,增加 passion强烈的爱好,热爱virtually实际上classify分类归类acquire获得,取得,学到fashionable流行的especially特别的sample样品,标本prosperous繁荣的University students come from different parts of the country with various purposes. However, a closer look at their reasons for studying at the university will enable us to (1)classify them roughly into three groups: those who have a(n) (2)passion for learning, those who wish to (3)attain a bright future, and those who learn with no definite purpose.Firstly, there are many students who learn simply because they (4) pursue their goal of learning. Some read a wealth of British and American novels because they are keenly interested in literature. Others sit in front of the computer screen, working on a new program, (5)virtually day and night, because they find some computer programs (6)fascinating, and they dream of becoming a "Bill Gates" one day.Secondly, there are students who work hard mainly for a better and more (7)prosperous future. It seems that the majority of students fall into this group. After admission to the university, they read books after books to (8)acquire knowledge from all of the resources which are (9)available to them, and finally, to succeed in the future job market.Thirdly, there are still some students who learn without a clear goal. They take courses, finish homework, enjoy life on campus, but don't want to (10)sample anything new or challenging. They have no idea what they will be doing after college. And they may end up with nothing in their lives. 四、Expressions in use表达式使用open the door to给···以机会in advance 预先,提前all at once 同时,一下子reap the benefits (of)得享(某事物)的好处make the most of最大限度的利用某物over time逐渐地,慢慢地get by过活,活的去stand a chance (of)有(做成某事)的希望remind ... of 使某人想起take pleasure in乐于做某事1. My family got by on my father's unemployment benefit after he lost his job.2. Many subway riders read books or listen to music in order to make the most of their time on the way to work.3. In order to make sure he would be able to attend the meeting, I called him up two weeks in advance.4. Experts say our company is amazing in that sales have been increasing steadily over time .5. In order to reap the benefits of the physical exercise, you have to exercise regularly, and for at least half an hour each time.6. They all tried to talk all at once , but I couldn't hear anything they said.7. Yellow flowers in the field always remind me of my childhood in the countryside.8. We have been practicing for so long and so hard that our team should stand a chance of winning the game.9. Research on genes will open the door to exciting new medical treatments.10. Every one of you has made a contribution and I take pleasure in acknowledging what each of you has done to make this academic convention such a success五、Translation翻译孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家,是儒家学派(Confucianism)的创始人,被尊称为古代的"圣人"(sage)。
大学英语自学考试教程下册0015自考英语二课后习题答案 unit1Unit 1(英语二)Text AExercises for the TextI.1.d 2.c 3.c 4.a 5.dII.1.alternative 2.fundamental 3.accompany4.implement5.preccedent6.attain7.objectives 8.vary 9.multiple10.isolateIII.1.c 2.d 3.i 4.j 5.g 6.e 7.h 8.a 9.f 10.bIV.our ; helped ; form ; front; to; passed; it; same;V.1.Decision makers should be able to make the best guess at the future.2.Some people think that everything managers do involves decision making.(or Some people think that everything managers do has something to do with decision making.)3.If there are no correct alternatives ,there are no correct decisions to be made.4.Since different people have different ideas about the same problem ,so the approaches to it vary from person to person.5.Decision makers usually hold the key to the business development of the company.Vocabulary ExercisesI.1.a.be organized anizational anization2.a.simple b.simplified c.simply d.simplification3.a.profit b.profitable c.profitability4.a.intention b.intended c.unintendedII.1.preccdent2.skilled3.achievement4.implement5.optimal6.goal7.accomplish 8.accompanies 9.tendency10.ongoingIII.1.His friend accompanied him to a concert.2.He has argued her out of her decision.3.he owed his success in part to luck.4.According to his suggestion ,the formalities have been much simplified.5.The broadcasting station predicts that it will turn cold tomorrow.6.Motion is defined as a change in position or place.Text BExercises for the TextI.1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.TII.1.preparation; confidence2.idea3.unattractive indifference4.hardworking; personality; interest5.speechless6.holidays; pay7.clean; neat; conservative8.the floor beside your chair9.politely; naturally10."I beg your pardon?" or "Could you please repeat it?" etc. Vocabulary ExercisesI.1.at a disadvantage2.conservative3.indifference4.make sure5.vague6.clutched7.turned down 8.to your advantage 9.neat10.prospects 11.take the trouble to 12.place Grammar ExercisesI.1.连词;让步状语从句。
vray 材质面板首先介绍一下材质面板。
相信大家已经已经知道怎样给对象赋予材质,就是点su工具栏里那个油漆桶一样的东西或者在键盘上按b键,就会弹出su的材质面板,选定材质之后就可以把它应用到场景对象中,此时只需按住alt键,鼠标变成一根吸管,再去吸取场景中所要编辑的材质,然后点击vray 工具栏中的M,打开vray材质面板。
漫反射:就是物体表面的颜色,可以通过点击来改变颜色。
或者可以在添加贴图。
展开“贴图”面板这里重点讲解凹凸贴图和置换贴图,其他一般用不上就不展开解释了。
凹凸贴图:顾名思义,就是可以产生凹凸感的贴图。
此处作简单的演示。
下面第一张是只带有漫反射的材质,而第二张是在第一张基础上添加了凹凸贴图的效果。
可以看见第二张的纹理感比第一张更强,带有较强的凹凸感,但这只是一种着色效果,并不是真的把这个物体的表面变得凹凸不平,其模型还是平滑的,所以通常来说,凹凸感不好,一般用在距离镜头较远的地方,或者是带有反射、折射的物体置换贴图:也用于产生凹凸效果,但跟凹凸不同的是,它并不是着色,而是使模型表面产生变形,生成密集的网格,相比凹凸贴图,会产生更加强烈的凹凸感,但是会大大延长渲染时间。
而控制凹凸贴图跟置换贴图的贴图是靠明暗来决定凹凸的(使用的是黑白的贴图,若添加彩色的贴图,vray将识别为黑白),以平面法线的正方向为标准,越亮的地方越高,月暗的地方则越低。
一般来说,直接添加漫反射所用的贴图就可以了,就如上面的材质。
右击材质名称,还可以创建反射层、自发光层和折射层,如下图反射:当我们所要做的材质里带有相应的属性,就可以添加。
例如不锈钢,就要创建反射层。
创建反射层后可以看见右侧多了一栏“反射”,如下图。
下图中反射右边的颜色框框,控制反射的强度,越亮表示反射强度越大,就是说白色是100%的反射,黑色是0%的反射,也可以选择彩色,可以模拟有色金属的材质。
但是一般用右侧的滤色来控制反射的颜色,左侧的反射颜色用于控制反射强度。
VRAY常用参数及详解前言:本文是我在学习VRAY中根据各种书面教程和视频教程总结的内容包括材质、灯光、渲染等,参考了VR帮助、黑石教程和印象教程,尽量把各类参数的具体设置做了补充,以供以后巩固理解。
一、帧缓冲器解析:1、启用内置帧缓冲器。
勾选将使用VR渲染器内置的内置帧缓冲器,VR渲染器不会渲染任何数据到max自身的帧缓存窗口,而且减少占用系统内存。
不勾选就使用max自身的帧帧缓冲器。
2、显示上一次VFB:显示上次渲染的VFB窗口,点击按钮就会显示上次渲染的VFB窗口。
3、渲染到内存帧缓冲器。
勾选的时候将创建VR的帧缓存,并使用它来存储颜色数据以便在渲染时或者渲染后观察。
如果需要渲染高分辨率的图像时,建议使用渲染到V-Ray图像文件,以节省内存4、从MAX获得分辨率:勾选时VR将使用设置的3ds max的分辨率。
5、渲染到V-Ray图像文件:渲染到VR图像文件。
类似于3ds max的渲染图像输出。
不会在内存中保留任何数据。
为了观察系统是如何渲染的,你可以勾选后面的生产预览选项。
6、保存单独的渲染通道:勾选选项允许在缓存中指定的特殊通道作为一个单独的文件保存在指定的目录。
二、全局设置解析:1、几何体:置换:决定是否使用VR置换贴图。
此选项不会影响3ds max自身的置换贴图。
2、照明:灯光:开启VR场景中的直接灯光,不包含max场景的默认灯光。
如果不勾选的话,系统自动使用场景默认灯光渲染场景。
默认灯光:指的是max的默认灯光。
隐藏灯光。
勾选时隐藏的灯光也会被渲染。
阴影:灯光是否产生阴影。
仅显示全局光。
勾选时直接光照不参与在最终的图像渲染。
GI在计算全局光的时候直接光照也会参与,但是最后只显示间接光照。
3、材质反射/折射:是否考虑计算VR贴图或材质中的光线的反射/折射效果,勾选。
最大深度:用于用户设置VR贴图或材质中反射/折射的最大反弹次数。
不勾选时,反射/折射的最大反弹次数使用材质/贴图的局部参数来控制。
第一课:VRay的安装和操作流程一、V ray的安装二、V ray的简介:VRay是由著名的3DS max的插件提供商Chaos group推出的一款较小,但功能却十分强大的渲染器插件。
VRay是目前最优秀的渲染插件之一,尤其在室内外效果图制作中,vray几乎可以称得上是速度最快、渲染效果极好的渲染软件精品。
随着vray的不断升级和完善,在越来越多的效果图实例中向人们证实了自己强大的功能。
VRay主要用于渲染一些特殊的效果,如次表面散射、光迹追踪、焦散、全局照明等。
可用于建筑设计、灯光设计、展示设计、动画渲染等多个领域VRay渲染器有Basic Package 和Advanced Package两种包装形式。
Basic Package具有适当的功能和较低的价格,适合学生和业余艺术家使用。
Advanced Package 包含有几种特殊功能,适用于专业人员使用。
三、V ray的工作流程1创建或者打开一个场景2指定VRay渲染器3设置材质4把渲染器选项卡设置成测试阶段的参数:①把图像采样器改为“固定模式“,把抗锯齿系数调低,并关闭材质反射、折射和默认灯。
②勾选GI,将“首次反射”调整为lrradiance map模式(发光贴图模式)调整min rate(最小采样)和max rate(最大采样)为-6,-5,同时“二次反射”调整为QMC[准蒙特卡洛算法]或light cache[灯光缓冲模式],降低细分。
5根据场景布置相应的灯光。
①开始布光时,从天光开始,然后逐步增加灯光,大体顺序为:天光----阳光----人工装饰光----补光。
②如环境明暗灯光不理想,可适当调整天光强度或提高暴光方式中的dark multiplier (变暗倍增值),至直合适为止。
③打开反射、折射调整主要材质6根据实际的情况再次调整场景的灯光和材质7渲染并保存光子文件①设置保存光子文件②调整lrradiance map(光贴图模式),min rate(最小采样)和max rate(最大采样)为-5,-1或-5,-2或更高,同时把[准蒙特卡洛算法] 或[灯光缓冲模式] 的细分值调高,正式跑小图,保存光子文件。
菜鸟必读!一些专业名词Vray 渲染器常用术语及缩写简介(对初学者会有所帮助)相信有不少像我这样的菜鸟,常常会在某些教程中看见像IR+LC或是LC+QMC、AA、DR、PPT、LWF这样的Vray术语缩写,但却不知道是什么意思!下面我就!!!!! "转载"!!!!!!!简单解释一下这些缩写的含义(按字母顺序):AA:英文全称 - Antialiasing中文名称 - 抗锯齿解释:用有灰度的象素值去平滑锯齿形边缘的出现,以减小混叠效应的可见性的处理技术,简单的说,这项技术可以让物体的边缘更平滑。
DOF:英文全称 - Depth of Field中文名称 - 景深效果解释:简单说来,景深就是对好焦的范围。
它能决定是把背景模糊化来突出拍摄对象,还是拍出清晰的背景。
DR:英文全称 - Distributed Rendering中文名称 - 分布式渲染解释:分布式渲染可以让多台电脑联合起来,同时渲染一张图片或是一段动画。
GI:英文全称 - Global illumination中文名称 - 全局照明或称全局光解释:它是一种渲染算法(几乎所有照片级渲染器都包含此种算法),在渲染过程中它不但计算直接光照,同时会计算由直接光照产生的间接光照。
简单的说这种算法模拟了真实世界中光线是如何照亮物体的。
HDRI:英文全称 - High Dynamic Range Imaging中文名称 - 高动态范围图像解释:简单说,HDRI是一种亮度范围非常广的图象,它比其它格式的图像有着更大亮度的数据贮存,而且它记录亮度的方式与传统的图片不同,不是用非线性的方式将亮度信息压缩到8bit或16bit的颜色空间内,而是用直接对应的方式记录亮度信息,它可以说记录了图片环境中的照明信息,因此我们可以使用这种图象来“照亮”场景。
有很多HDRI文件是以全景图的形式提供的,我们也可以用它做环境背景来产生反射与折射。
这里强调一下HDRI与全景图有本质的区别,全景图指的是包含了360度范围场景的普通图象,可以是JPG格式,BMP格式,TGA格式等等,属于Low-Dynamic Range Radiance Image,它并不带有光照信息。
新视野大学英语(第三版)视听说教程第三册答案答案Unit 1SharingTask 2(1) daredevil(2) bungee jumping(3) cup of tea(4) feel good(5) achievementTask 3c-d-e-b-aTask 41, 2, 4Task 5BCBCBTask 61. (1) started off(2) a huge business empire2. (1) teacher (2) taught me so much about life3. (1) imprisoned (2) survived(3) impressed(4) ability or the skillsListeningTask 2Activity 11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11ViewingTask 2Activity 13Activity 2e-g-c-b-f-a-dActivity 31. 90 minutes2. true landmark3. (1) 10 times(2) focus4. make this challenge5. seven miles6. (1) four months (2) outstanding achievement Role-playTask 1Activity 1BActivity 31. Like I said2. having said that3. That's what I was saying PresentingTask 1Activity 21, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 ConversationsShortBCADCLongBAACPassageTask 1DCABTask 2(1) believe in(2) circumstances(3) searching for(4) a strong sense of(5) responsibility(6) insecurity(7) integrity(8) accomplishing(9) are longing for(10) priorities NewsTask 1ADDTask 2BBDUnit testPartⅠBCADCPartⅡDABCCPartⅢBCAADPartⅣ(1) opening(2) struggled(3) progress(4) remaining(5) emerged(6) continued(7) enlarge(8) crawling(9) get through(10) as strong asUnit 2SharingTask 2(1) mood(2) sun(3) smile(4) feelingTask 3b-e-a-d-cTask 43, 5Task 51. (1) success of the business (2) last June2. vegetables and flowers3. (1) visit my father (2) amazing sights4. applicants5. getting a jobListeningTask 2Activity 11. (1) people are getting angrier (2) controlling their temper2. leave us feeling angry3. in a controlled way4. feel much better5. (1) laughter therapy (2) they make them laugh(3) doing something funny6. they don't need medicineActivity 21, 4ViewingTask 2Activity 11. eager pleased2. nervous awkward3. expectant excited4. agitated contentedRole-playTask 1Activity 1G-A-C-F-B-D-EActivity 23, 5, 5, 2, 4, 4+6, 6, 7, 1, 5 Activity 31, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 PresentingTask 1Activity 11, 2, 3Activity 21, 3, 5, 7ConversationsShortDCAADLongCBADPassageBCAATask 2(1) exerting(2) fabulous(3) talk them out(4) approaches(5) head for(6) efficient(7) is linked with(8) compare favorably to(9) boost(10) sessionNewsTask 1BDTask 2DDUnit testPartⅠCDAACBCCBCPartⅢADBAAPartⅣ(1) at(2) wheel(3) tone(4) expression(5) Honey(6) divorce(7) speed(8) talk me out(9) bank accounts(10) everything I need Unit 3SharingTask 2(1) block(2) a few of(3) similar(4) quite a lot(5) wellTask 3b-d-a-cTask 41, 4, 4, 5, 2, 4, 1, 3, 1, 4Task 51. (1) exist as well (2) loud music2. (1) respecting privacy (2) participating (3) needs help3. (1) considerate (2) property (3) friendlyTask 62, 3ViewingTask 2Activity 1e-a-f-b-d-cActivity 2AABCRole-playTask 1Activity 1DCBAActivity 21, 3, 5Activity 31, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11 Presenting Task 1Activity 12, 4Activity 21, 4, 6 Conversations ShortDBCBCLongCBCB PassageTask 1BDCDTask 2(1) illegal(2) taking family vacations(3) acquaintances(4) throwing a party(5) verbal(6) tolerant(7) intervene(8) splits the difference(9) resolve(10) talk it outNewsTask 1ADTask 2DBUnit testPartⅠACACBPartⅡBBDACPartⅢCBDDDPartⅣ(1) winter(2) literally(3) community(4) wider(5) siblings(6) woods(7) explore(8) catching(9) would run(10) golf courseUnit 4SharingTask 2c-d-a-bTask 32, 3, 4, 5Task 41. (1) amazing (2) changed my life2. (1) mobile phone (2) emails3. (1) camera (2) taking a picture4. (1) fantasy (2) cakes5. (1) arts (2) creativity ListeningTask 2Activity 1cheaperbetteroilsadsafetyappetiteprecisionpurpleActivity 2(1) Which soft drink(2) want things(3) how consumers behave(4) above(5) a bigger share(6) small(7) I deserve the best(8) steam(9) cigarette smoke(10) smile(11) a tick symbol(12) positive(13) built-in associations(14) sports equipment ViewingTask 2Activity 1ABCRole-playTask 1(1) feel about(2) having a competition(3) consider(4) strike(5) it'd be great(6) Suppose we(7) a problem(8) frankly(9) complicated(10) grab(11) thinking of(12) go with PresentingTask 1Activity 21, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Conversations ShortDBCADLongBCDBPassageTask 1BCADTask 2(1) vary(2) a large portion of(3) well-being(4) profound(5) accessible(6) ultimately(7) have a harmful effect on(8) went against(9) aviation(10) is not worth pursuing NewsTask 1DDTask 2CDCUnit testPartⅠBCACDPartⅡCCDADPartⅢDABAAPartⅣ(1) biological(2) firmly(3) efforts(4) isolation(5) objectors(6) originality(7) modest(8) improve the health(9) morally(10) legislationUnit 5SharingTask 2(1) producer(2) enjoys(3) in a successful band(4) dream jobsTask 31, 2, 3, 8, 9, 11Task 41. (1) footballer (2) enough2. (1) professional (2) performing3. (1) band (2) world-famous4. (1) sports (2) later on (3) serving peopleTask 5e-b-a-d-cTask 61, 4ListeningTask 2Activity 1B-C-AActivity 2ABBACACCABActivity 31. (1) loved fashion (2) amazing for me (3) hard work2. (1) look good all the time (2) feeling terrible3. (1) eating delicious food (2) get paid (3) get bored4. (1) work off (2) I gave it up5. (1) wonderfully romantic (2) how tiring6. (1) ruin the grapes (2) worry about the weather (3) absolutely fascinatingViewingTask 2BDBDRole-playTask 1Activity 1CBBBActivity 21, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15 ConversationsShortBBADCLongBABDPassageTask 1DABDTask 2(1) suffer from(2) enthusiastic(3) erodes(4) competent(5) clear-cut(6) labeling(7) comes down to(8) commonplace(9) tend to(10) focusing on NewsTask 1ACTask 2AABUnit testPartⅠADADDPartⅡDCABBPartⅢACAADPartⅣ(1) predict(2) identical(3) typical(4) boring(5) variety(6) dangerous(7) normal(8) some robbers(9) captured(10) right thereUnit 6SharingTask 2(1) reading(2) modern world(3) opportunities(4) influenced(5) betterTask 31. (1) education (2) right to vote2. (1) technologies (2) medicine (3) a better life3. person of today4. more values5. (1) great causes (2) imaginations6. a bad thingTask 4e-b-a-c-dTask 52, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10ViewingTask 2Activity 11, 2, 4Activity 2(1) fame(2) beautiful(3) simple(4) unhappy(5) lowly-paid(6) talent(7) EarthRole-playTask 1Activity 1Activity 22, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 PresentingTask 12, 4ConversationsShortCABABLongACCBPassageTask 1ADBBTask 2(1) estimated(2) assassinated(3) was intended to(4) released from(5) made a contract with(6) gave way(8) survived(9) victims(10) perished NewsTask 1BDTask 2BAUnit testPartⅠCBACDPartⅡCCDABPartⅢCADCDPartⅣ(1) beneficial(2) fought(3) strengthened(4) pulled out(5) part(6) serve as(7) amazing(8) stood(9) sought(10) civilization。
大学体验英语综合教程1第三版Unit3电子教案Unit 3 Leisure ActivitiesObjectives:After finishing this unit, students will be able to:● get some idea of leisure activities on campus● talk about the some clubs and societies on campus and Ss‘ own experiences in a club or society in a club or society on campus● learn to use the key words and expressions in this unit● learn to use correct verb tenses in making sentences● learn to adopt the reading skill Im proving Concentration while reading● learn to create a poster for a music concert and an invitation to a partySection I Listen and Talk (2 periods)Step 1 Lead in (25 mins)1. Warm up questions:Can you name some leisure activities you usually take part in?Camping, outing, traveling, fishing, taking a walk, Yoga, dancing drawing, calligraphy, skating, bowling, picnic, Kara OK, barbecue, playing music, etc.2. Listening: (Listen to the passage and fill the missing words in the blanks.)Key:spare, clubs, societies, music, party, meet, make, hang out, bored3. Words and expressions:hang out: go outleisure: adj. 闲暇的,从容不迫的;adv. leisurely4. Look at the pictures and try to say something about leisure activities. (Pair-work) Brain storm questions:What leisure activities are they taking?Have you taken part in the similar leisure activities as them?Step 2 Dialogues (30 mins)1. Listening to the two sample dialogues and learning some useful phrases and expressionsDialogue 1 At a PartyDialogue 2 At a Concert2. Post-listening questionsWhat do they do at a party?Who will Zhang introduce to Connie?What kind of music band does Mei like? Why?3. Phrases and expressions:in full swing: take part inThey are eating me out of house and home. 他们把我吃穷了。
新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3目录新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit1新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit2新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit3新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit4新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit5新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit6新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit7新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit8新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit1 Unit 1SharingTask 2(1) daredevil(2) bungee jumping(3) cup of tea(4) feel good(5) achievementTask 3c-d-e-b-aTask 4AABABTask 5BCBCBTask 61.(1)started off(2)a huge business empire2.(1)teacher(2)taught me so much about life3.(1)imprisoned(2)survived(3)impressed(4)ability or the skillsListeningTask 2Activity 1AAAAAABBAAABViewingActivity 1BBABActivity 2e-g-c-b-f-a-dActivity 31. 90 minutes2. true landmark3.(1)10 times(2)focus4. make this challenge5. seven miles6.(1)four months(2)outstanding achievementRole-playTask 1Activity 1BActivity 31. Like I said2. having said that3.That's what I was sayingPresentingTask 1Activity 2AAABBAABAAAConversationsShortBCADCLongBAACPassageTask 1DCABTask 2(1) believe in(2) circumstances(3) searching for(4) a strong sense of(5) responsibility(6) insecurity(7) integrity(8) accomplishing(9) are longing for(10) prioritiesNewsTask 1ADDTask 2BBDUnit testPartⅠBCADCPartⅡDABCCPartⅢBCAADPartⅣ(1) opening(2) struggled(3) progress(4) remaining(5) emerged(6) continued(7) enlarge(8) crawling(9) get through(10) as strong as新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit2Unit 2SharingTask 2(1) mood(2) sun(3) smile(4) feelingTask 3b-e-a-d-cTask 4bbabaTask 51.(1)success of the business(2)last June2. vegetables and flowers3.(1)visit my father(2)amazing sights4. applicants5. getting a jobListeningTask 2Activity 11.(1)people are getting angrier (2)controlling their temper2. leave us feeling angry3. in a controlled way4. feel much better5.(1)laughter therapy (2)they make them laugh(3)doing something funny6. they don't need medicineActivity 2ABBAViewingTask 21.AC2..AC.3.AB.4.ACActivity 11. eagerpleased2. nervousawkward3. expectant excited4. agitated contentedRole-playTask 1Activity 1G-A-C-F-B-D-EActivity 2CEEBD(DF)FGAEActivity 3A A A A A AB AA A A A AB PresentingTask 1Activity 1AAABActivity 2ABABABA2-8MORE PRACTICE IN LISTENING Conversations1ShortDCAADLongCBADPassageTask 1BCAATask 2(1) exerting(2) fabulous(3) talk them out(4) approaches(5) head for(6) efficient(7) is linked with(8) compare favorably to(9) boost(10) sessionNewsTask 1BDTask 2DDUnit testPartⅠCDAACPartⅡBCCBCPartⅢADBAAPartⅣ(1) at(2) wheel(3) tone(4) expression(5) Honey(6) divorce(7) speed(8) talk me out(9) bank accounts(10) everything I need新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit3Unit 3SharingTask 2(1) block(2) a few of(3) similar(4) quite a lot(5) wellTask 3b-d-a-cTask 4AGIEHBCFJDTask 51.(1)exist as well(2)loud music2.(1)respecting privacy(2)participating(3)needs help3.(1)considerate(2)property(3)friendlyTask 6BAAViewingTask 2Activity 1Activity 2AABCRole-playTask 1Activity 1DCBAActivity 2ABABAActivity 3AABABABAABAPresentingTask 1Activity 1BABAActivity 2ABBABAConversationsShortDBCBCLongCBCBPassageTask 1BDCDTask 2(1) illegal(2) taking family vacations(3) acquaintances(4) throwing a party(6) tolerant(7) intervene(8) splits the difference(9) resolve(10) talk it outNewsTask 1ADTask 2DBUnit testPartⅠACACBPartⅡBBDACPartⅢCBDDDPartⅣ(1) winter(2) literally(3) community(4) wider(5) siblings(6) woods(7) explore(8) catching(9) would run(10) golf course新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit4 Unit 4SharingTask 2c-d-a-bTask 3BAAAABBTask 41.(1)amazing(2)changed my life2.(1)mobile phone(2)emails3.(1)camera(2)taking a picture4.(1)fantasy(2)cakes5.(1)arts(2)creativityListeningTask 2Activity 1cheaperbetteroilsadsafetyappetiteprecisionpurpleActivity 2(1) Which soft drink(2) want things(3) how consumers behave(4) above(5) a bigger share(6) small(7) I deserve the best(8) steam(9) cigarette smoke(11) a tick symbol(12) positive(13) built-in associations(14) sports equipmentViewingTask 2Activity 1ABCRole-playTask 1(1) feel about(2) having a competition(3) consider(4) strike(5) it'd be great(6) Suppose we(7) a problem(8) frankly(9) complicated(10) grab(11) thinking of(12) go withPresentingTask 1Activity 2A AB A B A B AB AConversations ShortLongBCDBPassageTask 1BCADTask 2(1) vary(2) a large portion of(3) well-being(4) profound(5) accessible(6) ultimately(7) have a harmful effect on(8) went against(9) aviation(10) is not worth pursuingNewsTask 1DDTask 2CDCUnit testPartⅠBCACDPartⅡCCDADPartⅢDABAAPartⅣ(1) biological(2) firmly(4) isolation(5) objectors(6) originality(7) modest(8) improve the health(9) morally(10) legislation新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit5Unit 5SharingTask 2(1) producer(2) enjoys(3) in a successful band(4) dream jobsTask 3AAABBBBAABATask 41.(1)footballer(2)enough2.(1)professional(2)performing3.(1)band(2)world-famous4.(1)sports(2)later on(3)serving peopleTask 5e-b-a-d-cTask 6ABBAListeningTask 2Activity 1B-C-AActivity 2ABBACACCABActivity 31.(1)loved fashion(2)amazing for me(3)hard work2.(1)look good all the time(2)feeling terrible3.(1)eating delicious food(2)get paid(3)get bored4.(1)work off(2)I gave it up5.(1)wonderfully romantic(2)how tiring6.(1)ruin the grapes(2)worry about the weather (3)absolutely fascinatingViewingTask 2BDBDRole-play Task 1Activity 1CBBBActivity 2 ABAABAABABABAAABConversations ShortBBADCLongBABDPassageTask 1DABDTask 2(1) suffer from(2) enthusiastic(3) erodes(4) competent(5) clear-cut(6) labeling(7) comes down to(8) commonplace(9) tend to(10) focusing onNewsTask 1ACTask 2AABUnit testPartⅠADADDPartⅡDCABBPartⅢACAADPartⅣ(1) predict(2) identical(3) typical(4) boring(5) variety(6) dangerous(7) normal(8) some robbers(9) captured(10) right there新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit6Unit 6SharingTask 2(1) reading(2) modern world(3) opportunities(4) influenced(5) betterTask 31.(1)education(2)right to vote2.(1)technologies(2)medicine(3)a better life3. person of today4. more values5.(1)great causes(2)imaginations6. a bad thingTask 4e-b-a-c-dTask 5B A B A B A B AA AViewingTask 2Activity 1AABABBActivity 2(1) fame(2) beautiful(3) simple(4) unhappy(5) lowly-paid(6) talent(7) EarthRole-playTask 1Activity 1AABBBActivity 2B A A B A A B BA B A BPresentingTask 1BABAConversationsShortCABABLongACCBPassageTask 1ADBBTask 2(1) estimated(2) assassinated(3) was intended to(4) released from(5) made a contract with(6) gave way(7) ensued(8) survived(9) victims(10) perishedNewsTask 1BDTask 2BAUnit testPartⅠCBACDPartⅡCCDABPartⅢCADCDPartⅣ(1) beneficial(2) fought(3) strengthened(4) pulled out(5) part(6) serve as(7) amazing(8) stood(9) sought(10) civilization新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit7Unit 7SharingTask 2(1) fixing problems with my bike(2) sort out their emotional problems(3) solving problems(4) a practical personTask 3AAAAABCTask 4BDACTask 5a-c-f-g-b-d-eListeningTask 2Activity 2BBABViewingTask 2Activity 11. rises for the first time in four months2. power an enormous change3. touched by the power of the sun4. reaches its peak5. won its battle with the iceActivity 2ABAARole-playTask 1(1) I'm not sure(3) Let me have a look(4) Yes, I can(5) Yes, of course(6) I'm afraid I can't do that(7) Yes, of course(8) Of course notPresentingTask 1Activity 2A AB A A B A ABConversationsShortCABDBLongDABDPassageTask 1BAACTask 2(1) was accompanied by(2) acceleration(3) severe(4) endeavor(5) practicable(6) analogy(7) speeding up(8) attempts to(9) foster(10) second natureTask 1BCTask 2CBUnit testPartⅠBAACAPartⅡDDCABPartⅢCCBAAPartⅣ(1) different(2) thread(3) nothing(4) effects(5) solve(6) round(7) worse(8) try to solve(9) part(10) take the time新视野大学英语(第三版) 视听说教程3 unit8Unit 8SharingTask 3(1) emails1+2+3+4+5(2) mobile phone/telephone1+2+3+4(3) face-to-face contact1(4) letters1+2+3(5) having dinner1(6) postcards1(7) texe messages1Task 4BABAAATask 5c-b-aListeningTask 2Activity 1ABBAAAAAABActivity 21. camera filming you2. stop barriers3.(1)quickest (2)easiest(3)straightforward4. ultimately5.(1)delivery (2)broadcastActivity 31. in the near future2. in the future3. in the next ten years4. in years to come5. in the short term6.(1)in a month or two(2)in the short term (3)in the long term7. in the short termViewingTask 2Activity 11. wealth2. challenge3. spy4. Web addicts5. knowledgeActivity 2f-d-a-b-c-eActivity 31. A quarter2. 35 million3. a billion4. Five million5. Eighteen millionRole-playTask 1Activity 2(1) I didn't catch any of that(2) lost me(3) repeat the last name(4) say that again(5) exactly do you mean(6) Didn't you say(7) what you're saying(8) there's nothing at allPresentingTask 1Activity 2AABAABAABConversations ShortACDAALongDBCDPassageTask 1ACCDTask 2(1) endangered(2) falling apart(3) calculates(4) tosses aside(5) turn to(6) unprecedentedly(7) classified(8) shut down(9) approximately(10) furyNewsTask 1CBTask 2CDBUnit testPartⅠAABDCPartⅡBDCCAPartⅢBCADCPartⅣ(1) hand-written(2) long-distance(3) answering(4) screen(5) option(6) transformed(7) mailing(8) instantly(9) in a matter of(10) god-send。
一、Vray的工作流程1创建或者打开一个场景2指定VRay渲染器3设置材质4把渲染器选项卡设置成测试阶段的参数:①把图像采样器改为“固定模式“,把抗锯齿系数调低,并关闭材质反射、折射和默认灯。
②勾选GI,将“首次反射”调整为lrradiance map模式(发光贴图模式)调整min rate(最小采样)和max rate(最大采样)为-6,-5,同时“二次反射”调整为QMC[准蒙特卡洛算法]或light cache[灯光缓冲模式],降低细分。
5根据场景布置相应的灯光。
①开始布光时,从天光开始,然后逐步增加灯光,大体顺序为:天光----阳光----人工装饰光----补光。
②如环境明暗灯光不理想,可适当调整天光强度或提高暴光方式中的dark multiplier (变暗倍增值),至直合适为止。
③打开反射、折射调整主要材质6根据实际的情况再次调整场景的灯光和材质7渲染并保存光子文件①设置保存光子文件②调整lrradiance map(光贴图模式),min rate(最小采样)和max rate(最大采样)为-5,-1或-5,-2或更高,同时把[准蒙特卡洛算法] 或[灯光缓冲模式] 的细分值调高,正式跑小图,保存光子文件。
8 正式渲染1)调高抗鉅尺级别,2)设置出图的尺寸,3)调用光子文件渲染出大图第二课:VRay常用材质的调整一、VRayMtl材质VRayMtl(VRay材质)是VRay渲染系统的专用材质。
使用这个材质能在场景中得到更好的和正确的照明(能量分布), 更快的渲染, 更方便控制的反射和折射参数。
在VRayMtl里你能够应用不同的纹理贴图, 更好的控制反射和折射,添加bump (凹凸贴图)和displacement(位移贴图),促使直接GI(direct GI)计算, 对于材质的着色方式可以选择BRDF(毕奥定向反射分配函数)。
详细参数如下:Basic parameters(基本参数)Diffuse (漫射)- 材质的漫反射颜色。
第一课:VRay的安装和操作流程一、Vray的安装略二、Vray的简介:VRay是由著名的3DS max的插件提供商Chaos group推出的一款较小,但功能却十分强大的渲染器插件。
VRay是目前最优秀的渲染插件之一,尤其在室内外效果图制作中,vray几乎可以称得上是速度最快、渲染效果极好的渲染软件精品。
随着vray的不断升级和完善,在越来越多的效果图实例中向人们证实了自己强大的功能。
VRay主要用于渲染一些特殊的效果,如次表面散射、光迹追踪、焦散、全局照明等。
可用于建筑设计、灯光设计、展示设计、动画渲染等多个领域VRay渲染器有Basic Package 和 Advanced Package两种包装形式。
Basic Package具有适当的功能和较低的价格,适合学生和业余艺术家使用。
Advanced Package 包含有几种特殊功能,适用于专业人员使用。
Vray的工作流程1创建或者打开一个场景2指定VRay渲染器3设置材质4把渲染器选项卡设置成测试阶段的参数:①把图像采样器改为“固定模式“,把抗锯齿系数调低,并关闭材质反射、折射和默认灯。
②勾选GI,将“首次反射”调整为lrradiance map模式(发光贴图模式)调整min rate(最小采样)和max rate(最大采样)为-6,-5,同时“二次反射”调整为QMC[准蒙特卡洛算法]或light cache[灯光缓冲模式],降低细分。
5根据场景布置相应的灯光。
①开始布光时,从天光开始,然后逐步增加灯光,大体顺序为:天光----阳光----人工装饰光----补光。
②如环境明暗灯光不理想,可适当调整天光强度或提高暴光方式中的dark multiplier (变暗倍增值),至直合适为止。
③打开反射、折射调整主要材质6根据实际的情况再次调整场景的灯光和材质7渲染并保存光子文件①设置保存光子文件②调整lrradiance map(光贴图模式),min rate(最小采样)和max rate(最大采样)为-5,-1或-5,-2或更高,同时把 [准蒙特卡洛算法] 或 [灯光缓冲模式] 的细分值调高,正式跑小图,保存光子文件。
1.1.A-ICI材质的制作1.1.1.在Diffuse(漫反射) 通道中给草绿色(R:240 G:240 B240);1.1.2.在Reflect(反射)给了一个20%的灰度值,想让墙面砖有个高光;1.1.3.在Subdivs(细分)为15,让它更细腻和干净;1.1.4.在Options卷展栏中把Tracereflections关闭,这样就不会产生反射而保留了高光,(图02)1.1.5.最后是材质球的效果,(图03)。
图02 ICI材质设置图03 ICI材质球效果1.2.B-木地板材质的制作1.2.1.地板的特性就不多说了,直接设置,(图04)1.2.2.在Diffuse(漫反射) 通道中给一张木地板的贴图;1.2.3.在Reflect(反射)颜色给一个falloff(衰减),使木地板的反射效果更细腻一点更自然一些;1.2.4.在Hilight glossiness(高光光泽度)为0.85,让它有个较大的高光反射;1.2.5.在Refl glossiness为(光泽度)0.85,让它有点模糊效果;1.2.6.在Subdivs(细分)为20,让它更细腻和光滑;1.2.7.在falloff(衰减)里参数设置;(图05)1.2.8.在Maps 选择慢反射里的贴图直拖到BUMP里,值为30,是想让木地板有点粗糙的纹理,在Environment(环境)给个Output,Output Amount 给2.0的值,让它亮一些,(图06)。
材质球如图07所示。
图04木地板材质参数图05木地板falloff(衰减)材质参数图06木地板材质Output参数设置1.3.C-木纹饰面板材质的制作1.3.1.木纹饰面棉绒的特性就不多说了,跟木地板一样,直接设置,(图08)1.3.2.在Diffuse(漫反射) 通道中给一张木地板的贴图;1.3.3.在Reflect(反射)颜色给一个falloff(衰减),使木地板的反射效果更细腻一点更自然一些;1.3.4.在Hilight glossiness(高光光泽度)为0.85,让它有个较大的高光反射;1.3.5.在Refl glossiness为(光泽度)0.85,让它有点模糊效果;1.3.6.在Subdivs(细分)为12,让它更细腻和光滑;1.3.7.在falloff(衰减)里参数设置;(图09)1.3.8.在Maps 选择慢反射里的贴图直拖到BUMP里,值为30,是想让木地板有点粗糙的纹理,在Environment(环境)给个Output,Output Amount 给2.0的值,让它亮一些。
全新版大学英语视听说教程1U1ListeningA:1、Answers will vary. (e.g. He is picking an asparagusplant; he is a farmer.)2、Answers will vary. (e.g. Some people have too muchrain; other people do not have enough water.3、Answers will vary.C:1、crucial2、resources3、huge4、on average5、conserve6、requires7、cut8、leak9、wastes10、statisticsD:1、C2、BC3、BE:1、70 22、7.5 billion3、9 billion4、1,7995、3,000 13F:1、water brush your teeth2、shorter showers3、meat4、leaky faucetsExtended ListeningExercise A:1、C2、B3、D4、CExercise B:S2: 6、20、25、80S3:put off、dripping、leaky、leave、brushing your teeth、shorter showers、laundryExercise C:1、C2、B3、B4、A5、AExercise D:wastefula、leave the lights onb、drink half of itc、go badExercise E:3 2 1 4Exercise F:1、D2、B3、AExercise G:1、362、140,0003、15.4 3 17Exercise H:1、B2、A3、B4、CExercise I:1、agreement world greenhouse emissions2、February 20053、air conditioning jackets and ties4、carbon emissionsSpeakingExercise D:serv nough tis leak cent la get wastTEDTalksC. Vocabulary:1—5:CBBAB6—10:CAACBD. Watch for Main Ideas:4E. Watch for Details:Segment 11、B2、A3、C4、ASegment 2I:You should follow two steps to use a paper towel correctly.A:ShakeB:FoldF. Expand Your Vocabulary:1、B2、A3、A4、BSelf-test1—5:BADAB6—10:DACCB1—5:CADCA6—10:BDDCCU2ListeningA. Communicate:1、Answers will vary. (e.g. Africa, east Africa,Tanzania and Kenya2、Answers will vary. (e.g. A cheetah is chasing awildebeest in the Serengeti National Park.3、Answers will vary. (e.g. a trip to see animals intheir natural habitatB. Think Critically1、photo safari.2、Awesome3、His reasons for going on a safariC. Vocabulary1、cycle2、essential3、a couple of4、motivation5、chases6、illegally7、landscape8、endangered9、extinct10、conservationD. Listen for Main Ideas1、BD2、4-3-1-2E. Listen for Details1、F2、T3、F4、T5、F6、F7、T8、FExercise F1、B2、C3、A4、C5、BExtended ListeningExercise A1、B2、C3、DExercise B1、F2、T3、F4、T5、TExercise C1、C2、D3、AExercise D1、low carbon footprint2、environment3、incredible diversityExercise E1、C2、B3、DExercise F1、June 152、NANPA3、20064、outdoors camera interest hills cliffs ParkExercise G1、A2、D3、BExercise H1、a school2、an organization3、a person4、a workshop5、a lakeSpeakingExercise A1、A professional guide.2、They had seven seats.3、In tents, in a camp.4、Female lions5、In the middle of the road6、Lying, sleeping.7、About 10 feet away8、For about 15 minutes.TEDTalksD. Vocabulary1–5:ABACB6—10:ACBBCWatchE. Watch for Main Ideas3F. Watch for Details1、=2、→→3、spctclr 2% ↑m ↑ftH. Watch for Details1 、giant super grapefruit spectacular2、tactile warm charged turquoise straightI. Expand Your Vocabulary1、B after a while2、A I’m just kidding3、A small-scale versionSelf-test1–5: ADCAB6—10:DBCCC1—5: CADDB6–10:DACCAU3ListeningA. Communicate1、Answers will vary. (e.g. The photo shows a lot oftraffic in a city. It was taken in Xiamen, China.2、Answers will vary. (e.g. traffic, long commutes,difficulty parking, accidents3、Answers will varyB. CommunicateAnswers will vary. (e.g. The speaker says that cars are not very eco-friendly. Alternative methods of transportation are different ways to travel that are better for the environment. An example is riding a bike.C. Vocabulary1、g2、d3、c4、a5、j6、e7、b8、f9、I10、hD. Listen for Main Ideas1、To begin cable car (Mi Teleférico)2、I’m going to present e-bikes (electric bicycles)3、My topic today is electric microcarsE. Listen for DetailsProblems w / travel to / from El Alto & La Paz:dangerousnoisetrafficpollutionBenefits of Mi Teleférico system:convenientfastcheapeco-friendlyF. Listen for Details1、1,5002、20-303、a penny 1,0004、185、15Exercise G1、T2、F3、T4、T5、FExtended ListeningExercise A1、B2、D3、C4、AExercise B1、F2、F3、TExercise C1、In 20102、Two3、They could communicate with each other and pass eachother safely4、General Motors and Shanghai Jiao Tong University.5、Two years.Exercise D1、A2、D3、A4、AExercise EAdvantages of regenerative brakes:1、converted stored used2、wear and tearAdvantages of smart sensors:1、safer2、delays3、passengersAdvantages of magnetic levitation:1、silently2、pollutantsExercise F1、C2、B3、DExercise G1、electric vehicle owners place charge 2:a、full battery coverb、Electrify batteriesExercise H1、C2、B3、BExercise I1、2002、Their energy consumption and CO₂ emissions by 50%.3、Electricity4、It can emit between 20 to 35% less carbon perpassenger mileTEDTalksD. Vocabulary1、g2、c3、e4、f5、a6、d7、j8、h9、I10、bE. Watch for Main Ideas1、c2、b3、d4、e5、aF. Watch for Details1、less2、carry3、154、1,000 dollarG. Watch for Details20 mph uphillbattery6 miles of rangebought at a toy storefrom remote control airplanesH. Watch for Details1、F2、N3、N4、T5、NI. Expand Your Vocabulary1、A wall outlet2、B novel concepts3、A handheld4、B compelling factsSelf-test1–5: CBABD6–10: ABBCD1—5:DCBAD6—10: CABDCU4ListeningA. Communicate1—4:Answers will varyB. CollaborateAnswers will vary. (e.g. rock, blues, folk, soundtracks,dance, electronic, soul, R&B, house, reggae, bluegrass, country, funk, heavy metal, jazz, oldies, opera, popC. Vocabulary1–5:ABCBA6—10:ACACAD. Listen for Main Ideas1、classical2、rock3、roots music4、jazzE. Listen for Details1、study2、listen do3、streetF. Listen for Details1、c2、d3、a4、bExercise G1、d2、b3、c4、aExtended ListeningExercise A1、A2、B3、C4、DExercise BChildhood:1955 7 the U.SEducation:Harvard 1976Accomplishments:1962 internationally 75 albums Sesame StreetExercise C1、C2、A3、D4、AExercise D1、F2、T3、F4、T5、FExercise E1、A2、B3、CExercise FResearch question:volumeSubjects:Swedish cafégrocery storeMethods:1、55 decibels 702、non-healthy3、salesFindings:1、20 percent more higher volume2、junk food vegetables and fruitsConclusion:changingExercise G1、C2、A3、CExercise H1、20072、14 and 213、ideas and thoughts culture and perspective4、relationships futureSpeakingExercise C1、A2、A3、B4、A5、B6、BTEDTalksC. Vocabulary1、g2、j3、a4、h5、d6、I7、c8、b9、f10、eD. Watch for Main Ideas13E. Watch for DetailsSegment 11、Answers will vary. (e.g. played Handel flying: Brazil)2、Answers will vary. (e.g. played Handel while driving:Amsterdam)3、Answers will vary. (e.g. amazed by Handel keyboardmusic because of its sound)4、Answers will vary. (e.g. found it on Internet)5、Answers will vary. (e.g. Handel piece sad, thenenergetic)Segment 21、Answers will vary. (e.g. children 7–8: open, willing,comfortable listening to music; listen without prejudice)2、Answers will vary. (e.g. children 11–12: complexityan issue; others’opinions count; prejudiced)F. Watch for ReasonsAnswers will vary. (e.g. She fell in love with the music, and she wanted to share it with everyone.)G. Expand Your Vocabulary1、A day-to-day2、B being in awe of3、B are open to4、A state of wonderSelf-test1–5: ACDCB6—10: CABDD1–5: ADBAA6–10: CDBABU5ListeningA. Communicate1、Answers will vary. (e.g. They are thankful that they cango to school.)2、Answers will vary. (e.g. You thank someone for giving youdirections in a new place.)3、Answers will vary.C. Vocabulary1、g2、a3、I4、j5、c6、f7、e8、b9、d10、hD. Listen for Main IdeasBExercise E全勾选gratitudeF. Listen for DetailsdebcG. Listen for Details1、b2、c3、aH. Listen for Details1、write down2、thank you3、notice4、actionsExtended ListeningExercise A1、A2、B3、C4、DExercise BCharacters:·art·newPlot:·the best competition·show you·get into a fight·listen patientlyTheme:·thankful open`a way to be happyExercise C1、C2、D3、B4、CExercise D1、F2、T3、T4、F5、TExercise E1、B2、B3、DExercise F1、In August 2017, in Texas.2、Because he wanted to help a teenager who was in need of an emergency surgery.3、Volunteer firefighters armed with a truck and a canoe.4、Four5、A sweet Mexican bread.6、Nearly 2,000 kilograms.7、Because they made food for people in emergency centres.Exercise G1、B2、A3、DExercise H1、b2、c3、aSpeakingExercise D1、mean2、thankfulness3、physical4、mental5、work6、receivesTEDTalksC. Vocabulary1、j2、b3、I4、f5、d6、a7、g8、c9、e10、hD. Watch for Main Ideas1245E. Watch for DetailsSegment 1 :1、school2、idea3、fish4、monsters5、servedSegment 2 :1、kids2、lunch ladies3、recognizeSegment 3:1、serve2、problems3、foodSegment 4:1、important2、changes3、expressesF. Give ExamplesadbcG. Expand Your Vocabulary1、A blew my mind2、B was moved by3、A keeps a close eye on4、B passed awayH. Think Critically1、benefits2、20 percent3、10 percent4、7 percent5、South Africa6、feelings 7 yearsSelf-test1–5: BDDBC6—10: ABDAD1–5:BBADB6—10: BDBABU6ListeningA. Communicate1、Answers will vary. (e.g. The child is mixing differentcolors of paint to make new ones.)2、Answers will vary. (e.g. Curious means that you want toknow more about something. If students are curious about the things they study, they will learn more in school.)B. Think CriticallyAnswers will vary. (e.g. Juan asks if Nancy is a curious person. Nancy answers that she is extremely curious. She explains that she looks things up on Google every day,and she likes to read Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. David may or may not say he is a curious persoC. Vocabulary1、j2、g3、f4、e5、c6、a7、I8、d9、h10、bD. Listen for Main Ideas25E. Listen for Details1、2、What happens inside our brains when we are curious?Exercise G1、T2、T3、F4、T5、T6、F7、T8、TExtended ListeningExercise A1、D2、C3、C4、BExercise B1、like to eat2、listen to3、smellExercise C1、F2、F3、F4、TExercise Dsimilar questionsanswered themmaking her own choiceshow to give herself choicesExercise E1、C2、D3、D4、B5、BExercise F1、Science, technology, engineering and mathematics.2、A fun and exciting process.3、They have passed the DBS check and have a master’s degree or equivalent qualification in the sciences.Exercise G1、15 22、Younger3、toilet4、the parents all other snacks5、dietary restrictionsExercise H1、f2、d3、aExercise I1、C2、A3、CExercise J1、A2、B3、D4、CExercise K1、In 2013.2、Critical thinking.3、The local schools have incorporated information literacy intheir curriculum.4、They learn to tell fake news from the real. / They learn toanalyze information and develop their critical thinking skills. SpeakingExercise A1、That’s funny.2、Oh no! That’s awful.3、How did they study that?4、That’s fascinating.5、Um-hmm ...Exercise E1、rises2、falls3、rises4、rises5、falls6、risesTEDTalksC. Vocabulary1–5:BACBB6—10:BCCCAD. Watch for Main Ideas3E. Watch for Details1、B2、A3、CF. Watch and Take NotesSurgeon’s Rules:1、hard2、Embrace3、reflectionMusallam’s Rules:1、Curiosity Questions2、Embrace3、reflectionG. Expand Your Vocabulary1、A spacing out2、B geek out3、C snap me out of4、B freaked outSelf-test1–5: BADAB6—10:DACCB1—5: CBCAD6–10:BCCABU7ListeningA. CommunicateAnswers will vary.C.Vocabulary1、j2、c3、a4、f5、h6、e7、I8、b9、d10、gD. Listen for Main Ideas 3E. Listen for Details1、c2、a3、dF. Listen for Detailsa d fb e Ic g hExtended ListeningExercise A1、B2、C3、AExercise C1、D2、B3、C4、AExercise D1、a year14030factorsstability2、Melbourne2 Australian3 Canadian2 JapaneseDanish3、goodsrecreationaleducationhealth careSEnse4、TrafficCrimeStrainExercise E1、city tier rankings opportunities2、BExercise F1、C2、B3、D4、AExercise G1、B2、C3、CExercise H1、Last week.2、Information about policies to reduce pollution.3、To stay indoors.4、20,000.5、Solar panels and electric buses.SpeakingExercise E1、It’s2、That’s3、look at4、an open5、path atTEDTalksC. Vocabulary1—5:BCBBA6—10:ACBACD. Watch for Main Ideas23E. Watch for DetailsNew York City, U.S.apartmentscommunitygardenlightQinhuangdao, Chinaincomesthree hoursSingapore (1st example) & Colombo, Sri Lanka incomescommunityparksSingapore (2nd example)urbanpubliclongestG. Expand Your Vocabulary1、A are prevailing2、A came up with3、C and so on and so forth4、B touch onSelf-test1–5:BADAB6–10:DACCB1–5:DBCBC6—10:ABBDCU8ListeningA. CommunicateAnswers will vary.B. CollaborateAnswers will vary. (e.g. The students answer that people often want to eat healthier food, get along better with family, be a better student, and get to class on time. Other examples of changes people often want to make include: getting in shape,spending less time on social media, being more social, getting better grades,spending less money, etc.)C. Vocabulary1、e2、a3、j4、I5、g6、b7、c8、d9、h10、fD. Listen for Main Ideas25E. Listen for Details2、outsidea rewardavoid3、insideenjoyableExercise F1、Second2、Finally3、FirstPrinciple 1cPrinciple 2bPrinciple 3aExtended ListeningExercise A1、C2、B3、B4、DExercise B1、vulnerableout of control2、grown in waysExercise C1:a、What learn fromb、What make possible2、It can enrich our lives.3、Learn how to die well.4、Why me What can I learn from thisExercise DBExercise E1、altruisticgoodhappiness2、disagreeevolutionaltruism3、live together and help each otherExercise F1、C2、C3、BExercise G1、C2、C3、BExercise HTypes of Wishes:civil service staffpassionsReconnectingFulfilments:Eightthe monumentssee the oceantake to the skiesa long-lost friend or family memberExercise I1、B2、CExercise JParticipants:they were successful (or not) Purpose:were happier and earned moreFindings:change careers laterExercise K1、T2、F3、TSpeakingExercise D1、a2、oc3、lem4、lem5、od6、tem7、pro8、comTEDTalksC. Vocabulary1、a2、f3、j4、b5、h7、d8、e9、c10、ID. Watch for Main Ideas13E. Watch for DetailsdbeacF. Listen for Listing Words321G. Watch for DetailsLesson 1:1、change2、people3、urgencyLesson 2:1、regretted doing things2、reflected on eliminate3、happyLesson 3:1、scared2、loved3、wishH. Watch for Rephrasing1、Things we want to do in life.2、NoI. Expand Your Vocabulary1、B in an instant2、B to reach out to3、B fences to mend4、A connecting dotsSelf-test1—5: BACAB6—10: DACCB1—5: CCABC6—10: ACCCB。
新视线大学英语 (第三版 )视听闻教程第三册答案答案Unit 1SharingTask 2(1)daredevil(2)bungee jumping(3)cup of tea(4)feel good(5)achievementTask 3 c-d-e-b-a Task 41,2,4Task 5BCBCBTask 61. (1) started off (2) a huge business empire2. (1) teacher (2) taught me so much about life3. (1) imprisoned (2) survived(3)impressed (4) ability or the skillsListeningTask 2Activity 11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11ViewingTask 2Activity 13 Activity2e-g-c-b-f-a-dActivity 31. 90 minutes2. true landmark3. (1) 10 times (2) focus4. make this challenge5. seven miles6. (1) four months (2) outstanding achievement Role-playTask 1Activity 1BActivity 31.Like I said2.having said that3.That's what I was saying Presenting Task 1Activity 21, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 Conversations ShortBCADCLongBAACPassageTask 1DCABTask 2(1) believe in(2) circumstances(3) searching for(4) a strong sense of(5) responsibility(6)insecurity(7)integrity(8)accomplishing(9)are longing for(10)priorities News Task 1 ADDTask 2BBDUnit testPartⅠBCADCPartⅡDABCCPartⅢBCAADPartⅣ(1)opening(2)struggled(3)progress(4)remaining(5)emerged(6)continued(7)enlarge(8)crawling(9)get through(10)as strong asUnit 2 SharingTask 2(1)mood(2)sun(3)smile(4)feelingTask 3b-e-a-d-c Task 43, 5Task 51. (1) success of the business (2) last June2. vegetables and flowers3. (1) visit my father (2) amazing sights4. applicants5.getting a jobListening Task2 Activity 11.(1) people are getting angrier (2) controlling their temper2.leave us feeling angry3.in a controlled way4.feel much better5.(1) laughter therapy (2) they make them laugh(3) doing something funny6.they don't need medicineActivity 21, 4ViewingTask 2Activity 11.eager pleased2.nervous awkward3.expectant excited4.agitatedcontented Role-playTask 1Activity 1G-A-C-F-B-D-EActivity 23, 5, 5, 2, 4, 4+6, 6, 7, 1, 5 Activity 31, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 PresentingTask 1Activity 11,2,3Activity 21,3,5,7ConversationsShortDCAADLongCBADPassageTask 1BCAATask 2(1) exerting(2)fabulous(3)talk them out(4)approaches(5)head for(6)efficient(7)is linked with(8)compare favorably to(9)boost(10)sessionNewsTask 1BDTask 2DDUnit testPartⅠCDAACPartⅡBCCBCPartⅢADBAAPartⅣ(1)at(2)wheel(3)tone(4)expression(5)Honey(6)divorce(7)speed(8)talk me out(9)bank accounts(10)everything I need Unit 3 SharingTask 2(1)block(2)a few of(3)similar(4)quite a lot(5)wellTask 3b-d-a-cTask 41,4,4,5,2,4,1,3,1,4Task 51.(1) exist as well (2) loud music2.(1) respecting privacy (2) participating (3) needs help3.(1) considerate (2) property (3) friendlyTask 62, 3ViewingTask 2Activity 1e-a-f-b-d-cActivity 2AABCRole-playTask 1Activity 1DCBAActivity 21,3,5Activity 31, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11PresentingTask 12, 4Activity 21,4,6ConversationsShortDBCBCLongCBCBPassageTask 1BDCDTask 2(1)illegal(2)taking family vacations(3)acquaintances(4)throwing a party(5)verbal(6)tolerant(7)intervene(8)splits the difference(9)resolveout News Task 1ADTask 2DB UnittestPartⅠACACBPartⅡBBDACPartⅢCBDDDPartⅣ(1)winter(2)literally(3)community(4)wider(5)siblings(6)woods(7)explore(8)catching(9)would run(10)golf courseUnit 4 SharingTask 2c-d-a-bTask 32,3,4,5Task 41. (1) amazing (2) changed my life2. (1) mobile phone (2) emails3. (1) camera (2) taking a picture4. (1) fantasy (2) cakes5. (1) arts (2)creativity ListeningTask 2Activity1cheaperbetter oilsadsafetyprecisionpurpleActivity 2(1)Which soft drink(2)want things(3)how consumers behave(4)above(5)a bigger share(6)small(7)I deserve the best(8)steam(9)cigarette smoke(10)smile(11)a tick symbol(12)positive(13)built-in associations(14)sportsequipment ViewingTask 2Activity 1ABCTask 1(1)feel about(2)having a competition(3)consider(4)strike(5)it'd be great(6)Suppose we(7)a problem(8)frankly(9)complicated(10)grab(11)thinking of(12)go with PresentingTask 1Activity 21, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ConversationsShortDBCADLongPassageTask 1BCADTask 2(1)vary(2)a large portion of(3)well-being(4)profound(5)accessible(6)ultimately(7)have a harmful effect on(8)went against(9)aviation(10)is not worth pursuing NewsTask 1DDTask 2CDCUnit testPartⅠPartⅡCCDADPartⅢDABAAPartⅣ(1)biological(2)firmly(3)efforts(4)isolation(5)objectors(6)originality(7)modest(8)improve the health(9)morally(10)legislation(1)producer(2)enjoys(3)in a successful band(4)dreamjobs Task 31, 2, 3, 8, 9,11 Task 41. (1) footballer (2) enough2. (1) professional (2) performing3. (1) band (2) world-famous4. (1) sports (2) later on (3) servingpeople Task 5e-b-a-d-c Task 61, 4ListeningTask 2Activity 1B-C-AActivity 2ABBACACCABActivity 31. (1) loved fashion (2) amazing for me (3) hard work2. (1) look good all the time (2) feeling terrible3.(1) eating delicious food (2) get paid (3) get bored4.(1) work off (2) I gave it up5.(1) wonderfully romantic (2) how tiring6.(1) ruin the grapes (2) worry about the weather (3) absolutelyfascinating ViewingTask 2BDBDRole-playTask 1Activity 1CBBBActivity 21, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15ConversationsShortBBADCLongBABDPassageTask 1DABDTask 2(1)suffer from(2)enthusiastic(3)erodes(4)competent(5)clear-cut(6)labeling(7)comes down to(8)commonplace(9)tend to(10)focusing on NewsTask 1ACTask 2AABUnit testPartⅠADADDPartⅡDCABBPartⅢACAADPartⅣ(1)predict(2)identical(3)typical(4)boring(5)variety(6)dangerous(7)normal(8)some robbers(9)captured(10)right thereUnit 6 SharingTask 2(1)reading(2)modern world(3)opportunities(4)influenced(5)betterTask 31. (1) education (2) right to vote2.(1) technologies (2) medicine (3) a better life3.person of today4.more values5.(1) great causes (2) imaginations6.a bad thingTask 4e-b-a-c-dTask 52, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10ViewingTask 2Activity 11,2,4Activity 2(1)fame(2)beautiful(3)simple(4)unhappy(5)lowly-paid(6)talent(7)EarthRole-playTask 1Activity 1AABBBActivity 22, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 PresentingTask 12, 4ConversationsShortCABABLongACCBPassageTask 1ADBBTask 2(1)estimated(2)assassinated(3)was intended to(4)released from(5)made a contract with(6)gave way(7)ensued(8)survived(9)victims(10)perished NewsTask 1BDTask 2BAUnit testPartⅠCBACDPartⅡCCDABPartⅢCADCDPartⅣ(1)beneficial(2)fought(3)strengthened(4)pulled out(5)part(6)serve as(7)amazing(8)stood(9)sought(10)civilization。
第一课:VRay的安装和操作流程一、Vray的安装二、Vray的简介:VRay是由著名的3DS max的插件提供商Chaos group推出的一款较小,但功能却十分强大的渲染器插件。
VRay是目前最优秀的渲染插件之一,尤其在室内外效果图制作中,vray几乎可以称得上是速度最快、渲染效果极好的渲染软件精品。
随着vray的不断升级和完善,在越来越多的效果图实例中向人们证实了自己强大的功能。
VRay主要用于渲染一些特殊的效果,如次表面散射、光迹追踪、焦散、全局照明等。
可用于建筑设计、灯光设计、展示设计、动画渲染等多个领域VRay渲染器有Basic Package 和Advanced Package两种包装形式。
Basic Package具有适当的功能和较低的价格,适合学生和业余艺术家使用。
Advanced Package 包含有几种特殊功能,适用于专业人员使用。
三、Vray的工作流程1创建或者打开一个场景2指定VRay渲染器3设置材质4把渲染器选项卡设置成测试阶段的参数:①把图像采样器改为“固定模式“,把抗锯齿系数调低,并关闭材质反射、折射和默认灯。
②勾选GI,将“首次反射”调整为lrradiance map模式(发光贴图模式)调整min rate(最小采样)和max rate(最大采样)为-6,-5,同时“二次反射”调整为QMC[准蒙特卡洛算法]或light cache[灯光缓冲模式],降低细分。
5根据场景布置相应的灯光。
①开始布光时,从天光开始,然后逐步增加灯光,大体顺序为:天光----阳光----人工装饰光----补光。
②如环境明暗灯光不理想,可适当调整天光强度或提高暴光方式中的dark multiplier (变暗倍增值),至直合适为止。
③打开反射、折射调整主要材质6根据实际的情况再次调整场景的灯光和材质7渲染并保存光子文件①设置保存光子文件②调整lrradiance map(光贴图模式),min rate(最小采样)和max rate(最大采样)为-5,-1或-5,-2或更高,同时把[准蒙特卡洛算法] 或[灯光缓冲模式] 的细分值调高,正式跑小图,保存光子文件。
8 正式渲染1)调高抗鉅尺级别,2)设置出图的尺寸,3)调用光子文件渲染出大图第二课:VRay常用材质的调整一、VRayMtl材质VRayMtl(VRay材质)是VRay渲染系统的专用材质。
使用这个材质能在场景中得到更好的和正确的照明(能量分布), 更快的渲染, 更方便控制的反射和折射参数。
在VRayMtl里你能够应用不同的纹理贴图, 更好的控制反射和折射,添加bump (凹凸贴图)和displacement(位移贴图),促使直接GI(direct GI)计算, 对于材质的着色方式可以选择BRDF(毕奥定向反射分配函数)。
详细参数如下:Basic parameters(基本参数)Diffuse (漫射)- 材质的漫反射颜色。
你能够在纹理贴图部分(texture maps)的漫反射贴图通道凹槽里使用一个贴图替换这个倍增器的值。
Reflec t(反射)- 一个反射倍增器(通过颜色来控制反射,折射的值)。
你能够在纹理贴图部分(texture maps)的反射贴图通道凹槽里使用一个贴图替换这个倍增器的值。
Glossiness(光泽度)- 这个值表示材质的光泽度大小。
值为0.0 意味着得到非常模糊的反射效果。
值为1.0,将关掉光泽度(VRay将产生非常明显的完全反射)。
注意:打开光泽度(glossiness)将增加渲染时间。
Subdivs(细分)-控制光线的数量,作出有光泽的反射估算。
当光泽度(Glossiness)值为1.0时,这个细分值会失去作用(VRay不会发射光线去估算光泽度)。
Fresnel reflection(菲涅尔反射)- 当这个选项给打开时,反射将具有真实世界的玻璃反射。
这意味着当角度在光线和表面法线之间角度值接近0度时,反射将衰减(当光线几乎平行于表面时,反射可见性最大。
当光线垂直于表面时几乎没反射发生。
Max depth(最大深度)-光线跟踪贴图的最大深度。
光线跟踪更大的深度时贴图将返回黑色(左边的黑块)。
Use interpolation(使用插值)-当勾选该选项时,VRay能够使用一种类似发光贴图的缓存方式来加速模糊折射的计算速度。
Exit color(退出颜色)- 当光线在场景中反射次数达到定义的最大深度值以后,就会停止反射,此时该颜色将被返回,更不会继续追踪远处的光线。
Refract(折射)-一个折射倍增器。
你能够在纹理贴图部分(texture maps)的折射贴图通道凹槽里使用一个贴图替换这个倍增器的值。
Glossiness(光泽度)- 这个值表示材质的光泽度大小。
值为0.0 意味着得到非常模糊的折射效果。
值为1.0,将关掉光泽度(VRay将产生非常明显的完全折射)。
Subdivs(细分)-控制光线的数量,作出有光泽的折射估算。
当光泽度(Glossiness)值为1.0时,这个细分值会失去作用(VRay不会发射光线去估算光泽度)。
IOR(折射率)- 这个值确定材质的折射率。
设置适当的值你能做出很好的折射效果象水1.33、钻石2.4、玻璃1.66等等。
Max depth(最大深度)- 用来控制反射是最多次数。
Exit color(退出颜色)- 当光线在场景中反射次数达到定义的最大深度值以后,就会停止反射,此时该颜色将被返回,更不会继续追踪远处的光线。
Fog color(雾的颜色)- VRay允许你用雾来填充折射的物体。
这是雾的颜色。
Fog multiplier(雾的倍增器)-雾的颜色倍增器。
较小的值产生更透明的雾。
Use interpolation(使用插值)-当勾选该选项时,VRay能够使用一种类似发光贴图的缓存方式来加速模糊折射的计算速度。
Affect shadows(影响阴影)- 用于控制物体产生透明阴影,透明阴影的颜色取决于折射颜色和雾颜色,仅支持VRay灯光和Vary灯光阴影类型。
Affect alpha(影响alpha)-勾选后会影响alpha通道效果。
二、各种常用材质的调整1、亮光木材:漫射:贴图反射:35灰高光:0.8亚光木材:漫射:贴图反射:35灰高光:0.8 光泽(模糊):0.852、镜面不锈钢:漫射:黑色反射:255灰亚面不锈钢:漫射:黑色反射:200灰光泽(模糊):0.8拉丝不锈钢:漫射:黑色反射:衰减贴图(黑色部分贴图)光泽(模糊):0.83、陶器:漫射:白色反射:255 菲涅耳4、亚面石材:漫射:贴图反射:100灰高光:0.5 光泽(模糊):0.85 凹凸贴图5、抛光砖:漫射:平铺贴图反射:255 高光:0.8 光泽(模糊):0.98 菲涅耳普通地砖:漫射:平铺贴图反射:255 高光:0.8 光泽(模糊):0.9 菲涅耳6、木地板:漫射:平铺贴图反射:70 光泽(模糊):0.9 凹凸贴图7、清玻璃:漫射:灰色反射:255 折射255 折射率1.5磨砂玻璃:漫射:灰色反射:255 高光:0.8 光泽(模糊):0.9折射255 光泽(模糊):0.9 光折射率1.58、普通布料:漫射:贴图凹凸贴图绒布: 漫射:衰减贴图置换贴图9、皮革:漫射:贴图反射:50 高光:0.6 光泽(模糊):0.8 凹凸贴图10、水材质:漫射:白色反射:255 折射:255 折射率1.33 烟雾颜色浅青色凹凸贴图:澡波11、纱窗:漫射:颜色折射:灰白贴图折射率1 接收GI:2第三课:VRay的灯光照明技术一、Vray灯光[开] –打开或关闭VRay灯光。
[排除] –排除灯光照射的对象。
[类型]平面–当这种类型的光源被选中时,VRay光源具有平面的形状。
球体–当这种类型的光源被选中时,VRay光源是球形的。
穹形–当这种类型的光源被选中时,VRay光源是穹顶状的,可模型天空的效果[颜色]–控制由VRay光源发出的光线的颜色。
[倍增器]–控制VRay光源在强度[Size 尺寸]半长–光源的U 向尺寸(如果选择球形光源,该尺寸为球体的半径)。
半宽–光源的V 向尺寸(当选择球形光源时,该选项无效)。
W 尺寸–光源的W 向尺寸(当选择球形光源时,该选项无效)。
[双面] –当VRay灯光为平面光源时,该选项控制光线是否从面光源的两个面发射出来。
(当选择球面光源时,该选项无效)[不可见] –该设定控制VRay光源体的形状是否在最终渲染场景中显示出来。
当该选项打开时,发光体不可见,当该选项关闭时,VRay光源体会以当前光线的颜色渲染出来。
[忽略灯光法线]–当一个被追踪的光线照射到光源上时,该选项让你控制VRay计算发光的方法。
对于模拟真实世界的光线,该选项应当关闭,但是当该选项打开时,渲染的结果更加平滑。
[不衰减] –当该选项选中时,VRay所产生的光将不会随距离而衰减。
否则,光线将随着距离而衰减。
(这是真实世界灯光的衰减方式)[存储发光贴图]–当该选项选中并且全局照明设定为Irradiance map 时,VRay将再次计算VrayLight的效果并且将其存储到光照贴图中。
其结果是光照贴图的计算会变得更慢,但是渲染时间会减少。
你还可以将光照贴图保存下来稍后再次使用。
[影响漫射]–控制灯光是否影响物体的漫反射,一般是打开的[影响镜面] –控制灯光是否影响物体的镜面反射,一般是打开的[细分] –该值控制VRay用于计算照明的采样点的数量,值越大,阴影越细腻,渲染时间越长。
[阴影偏移]–控制阴影的偏移值。
二、VRay 阴影VRay支持面阴影,在使用VRay透明折射贴图时,VRay阴影是必须使用的。
同时用VRay 阴影产生的模糊阴影的计算速度要比其它类型的阴影速度快。
[透明阴影]–当物体的阴影是由一个透明物体产生的时,该选项十分有用。
当打开该选项时,VRay会忽略MAX的物体阴影参数(颜色、密度、贴图),此时来看透明物体的阴影颜色将是正确的。
取消选择该复选框后,将考虑灯光中物体参数的设置,但是来自透明物体的阴影颜色也将变成单色。
[光滑表面阴影]:选中后,Vray将在低面数的多边形表面产生更平滑的阴影。
[偏移]–某一给定点的光线追踪阴影偏[区域阴影]–打开或关闭面阴影。
[立方体] – VRay计算阴影时,假定光线是由一个立方体发出的。
[球体]– VRay计算阴影时,假定光线是由一个球体发出的。
[U 尺寸] –当计算面阴影时,光源的U尺寸。
(如果光源是球形的话,该尺寸等于该球形的半径)[V 尺寸] -当计算面阴影时,光源的V尺寸。
(如果选择球形光源的话,该选项无效)[W 尺寸] -当计算面阴影时,光源的W尺寸。
(如果选择球形光源的话,该选项无效)[细分]–该值用于控制VRay在计算某一点的阴影时,采样点的数量。