初中英语语法——动词的被动语态

动词的被动语态

【用法讲解】

考试要求： 中考要求掌握： 动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用， 不同时态的被动语态形式及情

态动词的被动语态形式。 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态和被动语态， 主动语态表示句子的 主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。

如： We often clean the blackboard. （我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态）

The blackboard is often cleaned by us. （黑板是 clean 的承受者即被动语态） 。

1. 被动语态的结构 一般现在时： am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时： was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 一般将来时： will / shall be + 及物动词的过去分词 现在完成时： have / has been

+ 及物动词的过去分词 现在进行时： am / is / are being + 及物动词的过去分词 过去完成时： had

been + 及物动词的过去分词 如： You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。

China was liberated in 1949. 1949 年中国解放。 The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

明天将对这个问题进行讨论。

Not a book in the library has been taken away . 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。

My bike is being repaired .我的自行车正在修理。

The book had been borrowed when I got to the library. 我到了图书馆时 ,那本书已经借出去了。

2. 主动语态与被动语态的转换

（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2） 把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原 来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be的形式。

（3） 把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 如： All the people

laughed at him.

T He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. tThe bikes are made by

them in the factory. He cut down a tree. tA tree was cut down by him.

3. 含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由 情态动词+ be+过去分词"构成，原来带

的情态动词变成被动语态后 “ to仍要保留。

We can repair this watch in two days. t This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it

at once. t It should be done at once.

4. 含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态

主动语态 : 主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接、直接宾语 + 其他 被动语态 : 间接宾语 + be + 过去分词 +

直接宾语 + 其他 (比较常用 ) 或:直接宾语+ be +过去分词+介词(for/ to) +间接宾语+其他 如：

My father gave me a new book on my birthday.

T I was give n a new book on my birthday (by my father).

T A new book was give n to me on my birthday (by my father). 我的父亲在我的生日那天给我买了一本新书。

My father bought me a new computer yesterday.

t I was bought a new computer yesterday (by my father). t A new computer was bought for

me yesterday (by my father). to 我的父亲昨天给我买了一台新电脑。

5. 含有短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态

有些相当于及物动词的短语动词 ,如“动词+介词”,动“词+副词”等,也可用于被动语态 ,但

要把它们看作一个整体 ,不能分开。

如 : She looks after her grandmother. t Her grandmother is looked after (by her).

她照顾她的祖母。

6. 带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态

带有复合宾语 (宾语 +宾语补足语 )的主动语态变为被动语态时 ,只把宾语变为被动语态的

主语 ,原来的宾语补足语不动。

如： His teacher found him a very good pupil. t He was found a very good pupil by his teacher.

他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。

7. 变被动语态的其他注意点

(1) 在主动句中，let,

make, see, hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带 to,但在被动句中，

则要保留 to。

如： Linda 's parents make her practice the piano every Sunday. tLinda is made to practice the

piano every Sunday.

琳达的父母亲使她每天练习钢琴。

(2) 有些及物动词如

have(有 ),reach, cost等,以及有些连系动词如 smell, taste, sou nd, feel等,

不用于被动语态。

如：【误】 Five dollars is cost by this book.

【正】 This book costs five dollars. 书花费了 5 元。

【误】 The food is tasted nice.

【正】 The food tastes nice. 食物尝起来挺好。

(3) 女口 move, lock, shut, open等作不及物动词与 can' twon'等连用时，以及如read, write,

wash, clean 等作不及物动词与 well, easily 等副词连用时 ,已含有被动意义 ,因此形式上不再采 用被动结构。

如： The door won ' t open. 门不能开了。

The clothes wash well. 衣服洗好了。

【真题再现】

1. We're sure that the environment in our city _____ greatly through our work in the near

future.

A. improved B. was improved C. has improved D. will be improved 2. The pet dog is warm and lovi ng. It ____ as a daughter of my family.

A. treats B. treated C. is treated D. was treated

3. When Tim _____ why he was late for school, he just kept sile nt.

B. asked C. was ask ing D. is asked

4. He is very surprised that all the houses in the village _____ white. A. paint B.

pain ted C. are pain ti ng D. are pain ted

5. If it isn't fine this weekend, our spring field trip ______ .

A. is can celled B. was can celled C. will be can celled

6. A. new hospital _______ in my tow n n ext year. A. builds B. built

C. is built D. will be built

7. — Tom! I looked for you everywhere at the party last ni ght.

— Oh, I _______ to the party.

A. am in vited B. was in vited C. am n ot i nvited

8. Many stude nts _______ cha nges to show themselves in class because the class size is

too big

A. don't give B. aren't give n C. have n't give n D. won't give

9. Pukou Railway Station _______ in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and

TV plays in recent years .

10. — Your school is so beautiful . — Thanks! A modern stadium and a big garden _____ to

make it ni cer this year .

A . will be built B . has bee n built C . is built

11. These model cars _______ in China in 2013.

A. are made B. were made C. make D. made

12. — Don' t smoke here, Dad. Smok ing ______ in public places.

—Oh, sorry. I ' ll stop right now.

A. isn ' t allowed B. aren ' t allowed C. doesn ' t allow

13. Many houses ________ by the earthquake and thousa nds of people were left homeless. A.

damaged B. were damaged C. were damag ing D. are damaged

14. Now it ' s much eastershop online. When your order is ready, the things you want to buy to you