初中英语语法归纳：被动语态

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. 初中英语语法归纳复习：被动语态

重难点：掌握八种常见时态的被动语态，并能依据不同情景，灵敏运用被动语态。

【知识总结归纳】

一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

We Visited that factory last summer 主动语态

主语 谓语 宾语 状语

That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态

主语 谓语 宾语 状语

三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的比照

时态 主动语态 被动语态

一般现在时

am / is / are + P.P. 〔1〕Do they speak

French ?

〔2〕They don’t use the

room . Is French spoken by

them ?

The room isn’t used by

them .

一般过去时

was / were + p.p. 〔1〕The hunter killed a

tiger .

〔2〕He wrote many

stories last year . A tiger was killed by the

hunter .

Many stories was written

by him last year .

现在进行时

am / is / are +being +p.p. 〔1〕These workers are

building a new bridge .

〔2〕He is mending his

car . A new bridge is being built

by these workers .

His car is being mended

by him .

过去进行时

was / were + being + p.p. 〔1〕He was selling

books .

〔2〕They were

discussing the plan at that

time . Books were being built by

him .

The plan was being

discussed by them at that

time . 优选文档

. 现在完成时

have / has + been + p. p. 〔1〕She has learned

many English words .

〔2〕He has finished the

work . Many English words have

been learned by her .

The work has been

finished by him .

过去完成时

had + been + p.p. 〔1〕They has solved the

problem .

〔2〕We had told him the

news by then . The problem had been

solved by them .

The news had been told to

him by us .

一般将来时

shall / will be + p.p. 〔1〕I shall make a plan .

〔2〕They are going to fix

the radio in an hour . A plan will be made by

me .

The radio is going to be

fixed by them in an hour .

过去将来时

would be + p.p.

was/ were going to be + p.p. 〔1〕He told me they

would paint the room .

〔2〕They were going to

put on a play the next

week . He told me the room

would be painted by

them .

A play was going to be put

by them the next week .

情态动词

can / may / must / should

+ be + p.p. 〔1〕We should hand in

our homework .

〔2〕You must answer the

question in English . Our homework should be

handed in by us .

The question must be

answered in English by

you .

四. 如何正确使用被动语态

1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：假设把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to〞。

eg. He often tells us interesting stories . 〔主动语态〕

.himbyustotoldoftenarestoriesgInterestin.himbystoriesginterestintoldoftenareWe〔被动语态〕

▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass等。

2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要复原。 优选文档

. eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . 〔主动语态〕

复合宾语宾语补足语宾语

She is often heard to sing this popular song .〔被动语态〕

▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。

3. 有些“be +过去分词〞的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构〔即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语〕。〞

比拟：〔1〕)()(.FengpingbyclosedisdoorThe.closedisdoorThe被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的系表结构门是关着的。

〔2〕)()(.MarybybrokenwasglassThe.brokenisglassThe被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏系表结构。这个玻璃杯是坏的

4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。

eg.

)()(.ChinainplacetakenbeenhavechangesGreat.ChinainplacetakenhavechangesGreat错误正确

)()(.seadeeptheinddisappearewasdolphinThe.seadeeptheinddisappearedolphinThe错误正确

【总结】

一、被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的根本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2〕 has /have been done 现在完成时

例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3〕 am/is /are being done 现在进行时

例A new cinema is being built here．

4〕 was/were done 一般过去时

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5〕 had been done 过去完成时

例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6〕 was/were being done 过去进行时

例A meeting was being held when I was there.

7〕 shall/will be done 一般将来时

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8〕 should/would be done 过去将来时

例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 优选文档

. 9〕 shall/will have been done 将来完成时〔少用〕

例The project will have been completed before July.

2. 被动语态的特别结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍旧保存在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother

for his birthday.

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语〞结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4〕在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the

building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词〞，“动词＋副词〞等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。