2022-2023学年湖南省永州市第一中学高一下学期3月月考英语试题

湖南省2020-2021年高一下学期3月英语月考试题汇编书面表达专题2020-2021学年度湖南省永州市永州一中下学期高一3月月考英语试卷假定你是李华,请代表学生会写一封电子邮件,邀请英国交换生Jim 来参加本周四晚关于如何开展校园垃圾分类(garbage classification)的会议,并分享英国垃圾分类的做法。

内容包括:1.会议时间、地点;2.会议主题;3.期待对方参加。

注意:词数80左右;可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Dear Jim,On behalf of the Students’ Union, I’m writing to invite you to our meeting on how to carry out garbage classification at school.The meeting will be held at 6:30 p.m., this Thursday evening, in the school meeting room. We will focus on how to get every student involved in garbage classification. We hope you can share some of the practices of garbage classification back in the UK and shed some light on how to do it on an individual level.We would appreciate it if you could join us.Yours,Li Hua2020-2021学年度湖南省永州市永州三中下学期高一3月月考英语试卷假设你是晨光中学的李津。

2022-2023学年第二学期高一英语测试卷（本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟）班级：_________姓名：___________座号：__________评分：__________第一部分听力理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)每段只读一遍。

1.What does the man mean?A.Jim has already arrived.B.Jim often breaks his word.C.Jim is expected to arrive soon.2.What does Li Hua want to be?A.To be a physicist.B.To be a scientist.C.To be a writer.3.What will the woman probably do next?A.Drink some coffee.B.Have a meeting.C.Go back home.4.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In a lab.B.In a classroom.C.In a hospital.5.Why did the man fail to get the book?A.It was sold.B.The bookstore was closed.C.He was too busy to go to the bookstore.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.What will the man do next?A.Go back to his home.B.Go to a meeting.C.Go to sleep.7.What time is it probably now?A.1:20pm.B.1:50pm.C.2:00pm.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。

湖南省2020-2021年高一下学期3月英语月考试题汇编短文改错专题2020-2021学年度湖南省永州市祁阳一中下学期高一第一次月考英语试卷根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

Open a book by any philosopher and you'll probably read that a meaningful life has to involve achieving something difficult. That's because many philosophers are perfectionists when it comes to the meaning of life. It's not just philosophers, either. Perfectionism is one of the main reasons people tend to believe their lives are meaningless.①________ If they aren’t doing something absolutely amazing, then life has no meaning.②________So the conclusion is obvious: most lives are meaningless. Right? Not really. Dig a little deeper, and perfectionism falls apart. Actually you don’t need to be a perfectionist about the meaning of life. Life would be fantastic if everything was perfect. But something doesn’t need to be perfect to be fantastic. ③________For one, it’s pretty inconsistently applied most of the time. People who are perfectionists about the meaning of life often don't apply it to other areas of their lives.④________For example, perfectionists don’t think they’re a failure if they don’t get a hundred percent on every test. So isn't it also absurd to apply that kind of standard to the meaning of life?It doesn't end there. The demands that perfectionists place on themselves and others are actually really unrealistic. And that means they can only lead to disappointment.⑤________ It would be similarly odd to call one of your friends a huge failure because he can achieve as much in a day as Superman. But that exactly the logic perfectionism applies when it claims that our lives have to be extraordinary in some way to have meaning.A.They see life as all-or-nothing.B.We don’t expect a dog to drive a car.C.This leads to lots of double standards.D.You're unlikely to be satisfied with any result.E.And there are actually a few problems with perfectionism.F.However, most of us aren’t an Einstein or a Mother Teresa.G.They'd probably dismiss the ideas like that as absurd, in fact.[答案]AFECB2020-2021学年度湖南省永州市祁阳二中下学期高一第一次月考英语试卷根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2022-2023学年全国高一下英语月考试卷考试总分：45 分考试时间： 120 分钟学校：__________ 班级：__________ 姓名：__________ 考号：__________注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;卷II（非选择题）一、完形填空（本题共计 1 小题，共计5分）1.(5分)I opened the hotel curtains to find dark rainy streets. After training in nearly 100-degree weather in St. Louis, I wasn't（1）______ a rainy 55-degree day. However, it didn't（2）______ because it was marathon day.My group（3）______ with ponchos（雨披）on. I took off the poncho around Mile 9 as the rain seemed less（4）______.I was still energized at Mile 13, and supporters were still（5）______ us on. Not too long after Mile 20, I was feeling some（6）______ in my legs. I never stopped though. I just put my head up and（7）______ going. As Mile 22 passed, I（8）______ and I began to cry, but kept on moving. The view alongsidewas（9）______ and it kept my mind busy.At the end of Mile 25, my body was beat. As I saw that finish line in the wind, I put allmy（10）______ into running for it. The（11）______ said my name and made some careless Irish remarks that I can't remember, and I（12）______ the line in total tiredness. Some staff（13）______ me my marathon medal, bottled water, and helped me keep warm.Traveling for my first marathon will be（14）______ remembered. I could not have done this without the（15）______ of my family, friends, Coach Rich, my teammates and my sister, who gave me the strength to（16）______. As Norman D. Vaughan, the surviving member of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition said, "Dream big and be（17）______ to fail."What will be the most impressive（18）______ for me? The（19）______ from Mile 20 to the end. No matter how much you read about how to prepare for the final few miles, it's a true（20）______ of your mental endurance（耐力）.（1）A.wastingB.arrangingC.enjoyingD.expecting（2）A.failB.loseC.matterD.work（3）A.escapedB.startedC.approvedD.protested（4）A.heavydC.slightD.bright（5）A.touchingB.cheeringC.cryingD.trying（6）A.powerB.angerC.painD.relief（7）B.continuedC.avoidedD.imagined（8）A.took offB.settled inC.broke downD.dressed up（9）A.confusingualC.simpleD.inspiring（10）A.energyB.pressureC.relaxationD.elegance（11）A.volunteerB.editorC.intervieweeD.announcer（12）C.swallowedD.burned（13）A.showedB.boughtC.handedD.lent（14）A.mistakenlyB.strangelyC.luckilyD.truly（15）cationB.supportC.admirationD.treatment（16）A.finishB.performC.sufferD.assist（17）C.firmD.anxious（18）A.wishB.exerciseC.memoryD.judgment（19）A.suspectB.struggleC.cheatD.argument（20）A.causeB.questionC.favorD.test二、阅读理解（本题共计 4 小题，每题 5 分，共计20分）2.Hot Spots for Retirees to Start Their Encore CareerEncore Career: Vocational School InstructorRetire in: Los Angeles, CAEver since IBM CEO Ginni Rometty coined the term "new collar" to describe well-paid jobs that require specific skills but not necessarily a degree, vocational schools have made a serious comeback. Apparently instructors are in short supply in sunny L. A., where there are 13 jobs at vocational schools for every applicant on the market. This is a great opportunity for skilled retirees since, unlike teaching at a public school that requires a state certificate, the only requirement here is that you be a seasoned expert in your field.Encore Career: Business ConsultantRetire in: Miami, FLConsulting is a great option for a retired business professional looking to make their own hours, be their own boss, and earn as much or as little as needed to maintain their standard of living. For every consultant in Miami right now there are 13 businesses hoping to hire them. There's even greater demand here than in Washington D. C, which is typically considered the consulting capital of the world.Encore Career: Tourist WranglerRetire in: Austin, TXAs the economy continues to boom and more Americans have extra income to spend, the tourism industry has taken off. This is particularly true in Austin, TX, where there were astonishing 36 tourism jobs for every applicant in July. Between four-star hotels, the noisy rock n' roll scene, and a new food culture, Austin is the place to be if you want to work in service industry.Encore Career: Supporter of the ArtsRetire in: Charleston, SCIf you're a Baby Boomer with a degree in the arts, now could be the perfect time to revisit your passion for creativity, especially if you also want to live in the center of southern charm. Between the 14 art galleries on King Street in Old Town, an abundance of acting companies and theaters, and music festivals, it's not surprising there were 25 jobs for every arty applicant in Charleston.（1）Which career focuses on an applicant's skills instead of a diploma?A.Vocational School Instructor.B.Business Consultant.C.Tourist Wrangler.D.Supporter of the Arts.（2）Which city offers an applicant more job options than the others?A.Los Angeles.B.Miami.C.Austin.D.Charleston.（3）Who is the text intended for?A.Children.B.Graduates.C.Retirees.D.Tourists.3.The very wealthy English Baron Fitzgerald had only one child, a son, who understandably was the appleof his eye. His wife died when the child was in his early teens. So Fitzgerald devoted himself to fathering the kid. Unluckily the son died in his late teens.Meanwhile, Fitzgerald's wealth greatly increased. He spent a lot on art works of the masters. Later Fitzgerald himself became seriously ill. Before his death, he had carefully prepared his will（遗嘱）as to how his wealth would be settled—to sell his entire collection at an auction（拍卖）.Because of the large quantity and high quality of his collection, a huge crowd of possible buyers gathered for the auction. Many of them were museum directors and private collectors eager to bid（出价）. Before the auction, the art works were shown, among which was a painting of Fitzgerald's son by an unknown artist. Because of its poor quality, it received little attention.When it was time for the auction, the auctioneer gaveled（敲槌）the crowd to attention. First the lawyer read from Fitzgerald's will that the first art work to be auctioned was the painting of his son.The poor-quality painting didn't receive any bidders... except one—the old servant who had served the son and loved him, and who for emotional reasons offered the only bid.As soon as the servant bought the painting for less than one English pound, the auctioneer stopped the bidding and asked the lawyer to read again from the will. The crowd became quiet, and the lawyer read from the will, "Whoever buys the painting of my son gets all my collection." Then the auction was over.（1）The English Baron Fitzgerald was ______.A.a museum directorB.a master of artC.an art collectorD.an artist（2）Why did the old servant bid for the painting of Fitzgerald's son?A.He served Fitzgerald's son and loved him.B.He saw that no one bid for it.C.He knew the content（内容）of the will.D.He found it cheap for him to buy.（3）What kind of person was the old servant?A.Proud.B.Kind.C.Foolish.D.Clever.（4）Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A.The AuctionB.The Painting of the SonC.The Servant at the AuctionD.One Painting for AllC.To help parents care for children well.D.To increase intervention to children.（3）How did the author develop the main body of the text?A.By showing some data.B.By giving some examples.C.By analyzing some reasons.D.By concluding some results.（4）What does the underlined word "odds" in the last paragraph mean?A.Price.B.Probability.C.Cost.D.Income.5.In times of economic crisis（危机）, Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression（经济大萧条）is any guide, we may see a drop in our sky-high divorce rate. But this won't necessarily represent an increase in happy marriages, nor is the trend likely to last. In the long run. the Depression weakened American families. and the current crisis will probably do the same.We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses. The divorce rate, which had been rising slowly since the Civil War, suddenly dropped in 1930, the year after the Depression began. By 1932, when nearly one quarter of the workforce was unemployed, it had dropped by around 25% from 1929. But this does not mean that people were suddenly happier with their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn't afford to divorce.Today, considering the job losses of the past year. fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households. What's more, the housing market will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.After financial disasters, family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities. In a 1940 book, Mirra Komarovsky described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing bis job" with tireless search for work. "He was always active, looking for part-time jobs or washing windows for neighbors. Another unemployed man initially enjoyed spending more time with his young children.The problem is that such enthusiasm is hard to keep up. The men Komarovsky studied eventually grew discouraged and their relationships with their wives and teenage children worsened. Across the country, many similar families finally failed to keep their families together. Then the divorce rate began to rise again.Millions of American families may now be in the early stage of their responses to the current crisis. During the Depression this stage seemed to last a year at most. Today, it might last longer. Wives now share with their husbands the burden of earning money, and the government provides more assistance. But history suggests that this response will be temporary. By 1940 the divorce rate was higher than before the Depression. So it is only when the economy is healthy again that we will begin to see just how many broken families have been created.（1）In the initial stage, what is the current economic crisis likely to cause?A.Leading to more family conflicts.B.Helping create strong family ties.C.Causing a drop in the divorce rate.D.Tearing many troubled families apart.（2）Why did many unhappy couples choose to stick together in the Depression?A.Living separately would be costly.B.They didn't want to hurt their kids.C.Starting a new family would be hard.D.They expected things to become better.（3）The author mentions the 1940 book to show that ________.A.hardships made people more courageousB.support between family members didn't lastC.the man was the only bread-winner of the familyD. many families pulled together to survive the crisis（4）What can be implied from the last paragraph?A.Money is the basis of many a happy marriage.B. It will take a long time for the economy to recover.C.The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.D.The current crisis is much more serious than the Depression.三、书面表达（本题共计 2 小题，每题 5 分，共计10分）6. 假定你是李华。

2022—2023 学年高一下学期3月月考英语试卷（新高考）（试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the man want?A. Cups.B. Notebooks.C. Carpet cleaners.2. How does the man find the problem?A. Quite difficult.B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.3. What does Paul want to do?A. Save money.B. Study abroad.C. Change his job.4. What does the man mean?A. Tony always worries a lot.B. Tony likes riding bikes.C. Tony is expert at repairing bikes.5. What does the woman suggest doing?A. Finding a volunteer.B. Clearing up together.C. Helping prepare the party.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期第三次月考英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解After drawing blood and running a CT scan, the doctor had questions for me. “What is a typical day like for you?” “I am a graduate student with a tight schedule that usually keeps me at work late into the night,” I replied. Next, he turned to diet. I paused when this question came, embarrassed by my answer. “I only have coffee for breakfast. For lunch and dinner, I usually grab something from a fast-food stand on campus.” The doctor seemed shocked. As more questions followed about my stress levels and lifestyle, my unhealthy state began to sink in.In graduate school, I was fully focused on my project and doing what I could to become a successful scientist. I didn’t feel I had the time or energy to shop for groceries and cook. I stopped exercising and didn’t spend as much time socializing. When I was sluggish, instead of giving my mind and body a rest, I drank energy boosters to maintain my strength and continued to work long hours. As I progressed through my PhD Program, I gained an unhealthy amount of weight. I got tired easily and I often caught colds or the flu. Eventually, my stomachache was so bad that it drove me to the emergency room.After hearing the doctor’s warning, I knew I had no choice. I stopped working late into the night, which gave me more time to relax, sleep, and prepare my own meals. I read up on dietary recommendations and began to choose nutritious and healthy food. I also gave up energy drinks and switched to tea. Many times, I was tempted to go back to my old routine. I placed sticky notes in my office and at home to remind myself that if I didn’t make healthy choices, I’d suffer consequences.It’s been 4 years now and, to my surprise, I have not only noticed gains in my health, but also found it easier to be productive at work.1．What was the problem with the author?A．He did poorly in his studies.B．He wasn’t good at socializing.C．He ignored the doctor’s advice.D．He had a very unhealthy lifestyle. 2．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “sluggish”?A．cast down B．worn out C．carried away D．left behind3．What lies behind the author’s recovery?A．Creativity.B．Optimism.C．Self-control.D．Co-operation.A study, led by researchers from the University of California, San Diego, tracked the same 875 mother-child pairs in Chile for 16 years, conducting assessments at ages 1, 5, 10 and 16. At each visit researchers screened the mother for signs of depression and used cognitive (认知的) development tests on the child. They also asked questions to assess the home life, featuring the level of connection between the mother and child.Researchers found that signs of depression in moms when the child is one are associated with lower scores on cognitive function tests for the child at age 16. “We found that mothers who were highly depressed didn’t invest (投入) emotionally or in providing learning materials to support their child, such as toys and books, as much as mothers who were not depressed. This, in turn, impacted the child’s IQ at ages 5, 10 and 16,” Patricia East, PhD, research scientist with the Department of Pediatrics at UC San Diego School of Medicine and one of the lead authors on the study, said in a statement.The authors found the relationship in reverse to be true, as well — lower development scores early in the child’s life promoted less engagement from mom and that only increased signs of mothers’ depression as the child entered into adolescence.Children who had severely depressed mothers were found to have an average verbal IQ score of 7.30 compared to a score of 7.78 in children without depressed mothers. Although seemingly small, differences in IQ from 7.78 to 7.30 are highly meaningful in terms of children’s verbal skills and vocabulary, said East. “Our study results show the long-term consequences that a child can experience due to long-term mothers’ depression.”However, the authors recognize that these families in Chile can be very different from mothers and children of other cultural backgrounds or nationalities. Besides, all the families studied were from a similar cultural background and socioeconomic status and had a similar level of education.4．What did the researchers do in the study?A．They screened the child for signs of depression.B．They tested the cognitive abilities of the mother.C．They evaluated the mother-child pairs’ relationship.D．They ignored the mother’s educational background.5．What conclusion did the researchers draw?A．A kid’s IQ scores were decided by the mother’s.B．A kid’s IQ scores were different at different ages.C．Depressed mothers gave birth to kids with low IQ scores.D．Mothers’ depression might negatively impact their kids’ IQ.6．What might be the authors’ attitude towards the results of the study?A．They don’t sound debatable.B．They may encourage public debate.C．They may not be very representative.D．They have been confirmed in a large scale.7．What’s the best title of the passage?A．Adolescents’ Confusion in ChileB．Impact of Mothers’ Depression on KidsC．Significance of IQ in Kids’ Academic TestsD．Maternal Depression and Kids’ Cognitive Test ScoresEl Niño, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Niño sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 1997-1998 helped America’s economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests: farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Niño, in 1997-1998, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According tothe Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster- relief funding(救灾资金) in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite the evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure ( 基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr. Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Niño’s harmful effects --- and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.8．What can we learn about El Niño in the first paragraph?A．It is named after a South American fisherman.B．It takes place almost every year all over the world.C．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.D．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.9．What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B．Droughts become more harmful than floods.C．Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.10．The data provided by ODI in the fourth paragraph suggest that ________.A．more investment should go to risk reductionB．governments of poor countries need more aidC．recovery and reconstruction should come firstD．victims of El Niño deserve more compensation (补偿)11．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?A．To introduce El Niño and its origin.B．To urge people to prepare for El Niño.C．To explain the consequences of El Niño.D．To show ways of fighting against El Niño.二、七选五Looking for a way to be happier? Are you seeking deeper connections with friends or looking for more friends? ____12____ Try a little compassion.Compassion, as one scholar describes, is “experiencing feelings of loving kindness toward another person’s suffering”. The compassionate tend to have deeper connections with others and have more friends, who are more forgiving and have a stronger sense of life purpose. The compassionate also tend to be happier, healthier, more self-confident, and less self-critical. ____13____Practicing compassion doesn’t have to cost you money. All you need is a quiet place.____14____ Focus on your breath and try to clear your mind. Then mentally focus on your heart area and think about someone you feel tenderness toward. This could be your friend or your family.____15____ Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but all who come in contact with it. As time allows, add more people to this circle. This may sound a little strange, but studies have shown this simple exercise really strengthens your sense of compassion.Even short-term exercises like this broaden your attention, your thinking and your overall sense of well-being in a way that lasts. ____16____ Compassion helps your brain become more flexible, and lets your brain have a wider sense of what’s going on, and it gives you access to more ideas on how to act.This practice is beneficial to physical health and can help reduce physical signs of stress. And the happiness that can come from compassion training is the kind that lasts.A．Want to relate better to other people?B．That’s in part because it changes your brain.C．Compassion training is helpful to reduce stress.D．In that quiet space, sit in a comfortable position.E．Then expand that feeling to yourself and to others.F．Consequently, compassion has direct personal benefits.G．However, it is important to create a comfortable environment.三、完形填空As her father guided her wheelchair down the road alongside the swimming pool,12-year-old Tina Fisher fiddled (整理、摆弄) with the folds (褶皱) of the borrowed wet suit she was wearing. She took a few ___17___breaths and looked around nervously.This is a girl who loves the ___18___of water flowing around her arms and legs, who until recently was ___19___her underwater swimming, and who takes every opportunity to spend time in the water.But this was the first time Tina had been anywhere near a pool since the otherwise___20___June 2 when she was playing with a friend. Just 90 minutes after she felt pain in her legs — the first symptom of a spinal stroke — she became paralyzed (瘫痪) from the waist ___21___.Now she was going to try something she’d never ___22___even when she’d had the use of her legs: She was going to take her first scuba (水肺) diving lesson.Tina’s father, Dennis Fisher, slipped into the pool and helped Occupational Doctor Kaitlin Macdonald ___23___his daughter into the water. She lay ___24___, rested her head on the surface and, for a few brief moments, ___25___her eyes. Then she did something that made Macdonald ___26___. “Tina,” she said, “look at your leg.” Ever so slightly, Tina was moving her right leg. It was ___27___a few inches, but still — Tina’s mind was telling her leg what to do, and her leg was ___28___.“A lot of times, we’ll see movement in the water first,” Macdonald said, “It means an ability is there that we can build on, ___29___it’s still weak.”For Tina, it felt ___30___to just be back in the pool. She wrapped her arms around her father and briefly lay her head on his chest. Then she turned to Macdonald and signaled she was ready to swim the ___31___of the pool to achieve her success.“OK,” Macdonald said, “Here we go.”17．A．deep B．fresh C．shallow D．smooth 18．A．taste B．act C．feel D．movement 19．A．passing on B．working on C．looking on D．counting on 20．A．special B．lasting C．ordinary D．memorable 21．A．up B．around C．above D．down 22．A．accessed B．attempted C．accomplished D．demanded23．A．catch B．hold C．throw D．lower 24．A．back B．aside C．over D．beneath 25．A．fixed B．opened C．rolled D．closed 26．A．upset B．sob C．smile D．disappoint 27．A．no more than B．much more than C．no less than D．not less than 28．A．reflecting B．responding C．resisting D．returning 29．A．so B．and C．for D．although 30．A．nervous B．great C．terrific D．comfortable 31．A．height B．size C．area D．length四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

永州市2023年上期期末质量监测试卷高一英语听力朗读材料、参考答案及评分标准一、听力朗读材料这是永州市2023年上期期末质量监测高一英语科听力部分。

该部分分为第一、第二两节。

注意：回答听力部分时请先将答案标在试卷上。

听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到答题卡上。

现在是听力试音时间（插入2023年高考听力试音音频）。

试音到此结束。

听力考试正式开始。

请看听力部分第一节。

第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例如，现在你有5秒钟的时间看试卷上的例题。

（5秒钟后）你将听到以下内容：M:Excuse me,can you tell me how much the shirt is?W:Yes,it’s£9.15.你将有5秒钟的时间将正确答案标在试卷上。

衬衫的价格为9镑15便士，所以你选择C项，并将其标在试卷上。

现在你有5秒钟的时间阅读第1小题的有关内容。

（5秒钟后提示音）Text1W:This drink smells nice and tastes good.Is it made from fruit?M:No.In fact,it's made from a flower.（间隔5秒钟）（5秒钟后提示音）Text2W:Tom,last night’s storm was crazy!My electricity kept shutting off.M:Losing power is small potatoes compared to what happened to my neighbor.A huge tree fell on her house and her car.And her dog got scared and ran away.（间隔5秒钟）（5秒钟后提示音）Text3W:Did you get the ticket to the lantern show in the Forbidden City?M:No,I didn't.It was too difficult to book one.How about you?W:I was so lucky that I got one from my friends.The show was wonderful.（间隔5秒钟）（5秒钟后提示音）Text4W:Hi,Tom.How are things in Sydney?M:Fine,but do you know it is1:30in the morning here?W:Don’t you always stay up late to watch football games?M:Not this time.I just can’t put down the new novel I bought yesterday.（间隔5秒钟）（5秒钟后提示音）Text5M:Did you say you drove to town this morning?W:Yes.I had to draw some money from the bank to pay my bookstore bills.M:Well,I think you can learn about e-payment,so you can pay online next time.（间隔5秒钟后）第一节到此结束。

2021-2022学年湖南省永州市道县高一下学期3月考英语试卷ALeonardo Da Vinci is most famous for his paintings,especially the Mona Lisa.The woman in the painting is best-known for her mysterious smile.But who was she？Experts say she was Lisa di Antonio Maria di Noldo Gherardini,the third wife of a nobleman（贵族）from Florence.He invited Leonardo to paint the portrait（肖像画）.Leonardo started to work on this painting in 1503.At this time "Mona Lisa" was 24 years old.He worked on the portrait for the next four years.However,Leonardo didn't sell the painting；and when he left Florence in 1507，he kept it for himself.Why？Several believe it was because he had never managed to finish it on time,while others say he had fallen in love with the painting.The Mona Lisa spent the next few hundred years travelling around the world.Leonardo finally sold the painting to King Francis Ⅰof France,who put it in his castle at Amboise.After the French revolution,the painting ended up in the Louvre.Napoleon took it away from there and hung it up in his bedroom.When Napoleon was driven away,the Mona Lisa returned once again to the Louvre.On 21st August,1911，the Mona Lisa was stolen by an Italian thief,who took the painting to Italy.It appeared two years later in Florence and was taken back to the Louvre.An acid（酸）attack in 1956 damaged the lower half of the painting,and the repair work took several years.In the 60s and 70s,the Mona Lisa was on show in New York,Tokyo and Moscow.Today the painting is behind bullet-proof glass in the Louvre once again,and is no longer allowed to travel.Her journeys are over.1.What can we learn about the Mona Lisa from paragraph two？______A. Leonardo Da Vinci finished the painting when he was 24 years old.B. Leonardo Da Vinci kept the painting for himself due to his love for it.C. It was probably a portrait of the young wife of a nobleman from Florence.D. A young woman from Florence asked Leonardo Da Vinci to draw the painting.2.What happened to the Mona Lisa after Leonardo finally sold it？______A. It was sent to the Louvre immediately after that.B. An acid attack took people two years to repair it.C. Napoleon once took it from the Louvre for himself.D. It has been on show around the world since the 1960s.3.The passage is probably taken from ______ .A. a magazineB. a news reportC. a travel brochureD. a science bookBWhen I was in school,I participated in an internship（实习期）with a hospital chaplain（牧师）.This largely included me visiting certain hospital patients and then discussing the communication with the chaplain.I had no special training in this,and introducing myself to strangers was not my natural talent.On one visit,Icautiously entered a darkened room to find an elderly man lying lonely in the bed.He was awake,but very weak,confused and anxious.He badly wanted to communicate something,but I couldn't understand what he was saying.He obviously didn't want me to leave,but I felt so lost and uncomfortable that I had to leave the room after only several minutes.The next time I was at the hospital,I was arranged to make follow-up visits with the same list of patients.I expected my time with the old man to be just as short as the last time.As I arrived at the room,the first thing I noticed was that the lights were on.His daughter was there visiting him.He was sitting in the bed and looked much better.I was certain the man didn't remember me at all,but he recognized me immediately,saying,"I remember you.You were the angel that gave me hope in my darkest hour!" I was so amazed that I didn't know how to respond.I may never be able to explain it,but somehow he found in me something he needed at an important point inhis life,just because I was there.I have thought about this encounter（相遇）often over the past 25 years.It has shaped the way I see life,the way I see myself,and the way I see others.Obviously,we can't know the effect our actions,or even just our presence,will have on life.4.Why did the writer leave the elderly man soon on the first visit？______A. They had a short and boring conversation.B. The elderly man wanted to stay by himself.C. The writer was frightened by the elderly man.D. The writer didn't know what he could do to help.5.What happened on the writer's second visit to the elderly man？______A. The elderly man's condition turned much better.B. The elderly man could hardly remember the writer.C. The writer planned to communicate more deeply with the elderly man.D. The writer wasn't surprised a being called an angel by the elderly man.6.The elderly man regarded the writer as his angel most probably because ______ .A. he was encouraged by the writer's wordsB. the writer's second visit moved him deeplyC. he was impressed by the writer's friendlinessD. the writer's first visit gave him much strength7.What is the best title for the passage？______A. Getting a New TalentB. An Angel by Accident.C. Saving a Lonely Old Man.D. Communication Makes Life Better.CThe common use of Google Maps,a navigation（导航）app on smartphones,raises the age-old question we meet with any technology：What skills are we losing？But also,importantly：What abilities are we getting？People who are good at finding their way around or good at using paper maps are usually confused about digital（数字的）maps.For example,they may mess up the direction of north and south.But consider what digital navigation apps have meant for someone like me.Although I travel often,I'm so terrible at finding my way that I still use Google Maps almost every day where I have lived for many years.What seems unnecessary to some has been an important part of my own abilities.Part of the problem is that reading paper maps requires a special skill set.There is nothing natural about them.In many developed nations,street names and house numbers are meaningful,and instructions such as "go north for three blocks and then west" are usually understandable.In Istanbul,however,where I grew up,none of those hold true.For one thing,the locals hardly use street names,and house numbers often aren't sequential.After buildings 1，2 and 3 were built,someone might put in another house between 1 and 2，and that's 4.Therefore,instructions as simple as "go north" would require a helicopter.I got lost all the time.But since I used Google Maps,I travel with a lot more confidence.As a result,my world has opened up and my native navigation skills have improved,too.That brings me back to my question：while we often lose some skills after seeking convenience from technology,this new setup may also allow us to gain more abilities and do something more confidently.Maybe when technology closes a door,we should also look for the doors it opens.8.What do we know about Google Maps from the first two paragraphs？______A. It confuses users like the writer.B. It helps people read maps better.C. It is a technology welcomed by all.D. It is popular but brings doubts as well.9.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word " sequential" in Paragraph 3？______A. In a usual order.B. Easily noticed.C. Of the same kind.D. Clearly written.10.What's the writer's main purpose of writing the passage？______A. To introduce the use of Google Maps.B. To share his opinions on Google Maps.C. To show the influence of Google Maps.D. To tell the great popularity of Google Maps.If you are a new person in a new school,it is normal to feel shy.However,it is unusual to stay shy the whole year and fail to make any new friends. (1)As soon as you hit the gate of your new school,try to appear easy to get along with by smiling naturally. (2) It can greatly affect your personal charm,making you appear friendly and easy-going.Walk tall and smile at anyone who looks directly into your eyes.If someone chats with you unexpectedly,do not look away but look at him in the eye and don't forget to smile.(3) Observe（观察）your classmates and try introducing yourself.If you are too shy,you can start with a littlejoke or small talk to break the ice.A good ice-breaker is to find an item,such as a notebook,that your classmate has.This will lead to a deeper conversation that may continue on to other matters like a good introduction and even a social lunch with a new friend.Another easy way to make new friends is by joining school clubs and organizations that the campus offers.(4) .Gradually,you will be attending meetings and parties that the club or organization will be holdingregularly.Eventually,you will fit in and tally let go of the shyness you felt on your first day.Say goodbye to shyness in a new school by following these very great skills. (5) If you continue to sit alone minding your own business,then you might miss out on some of the most valuable friendships in your whole life.A.They are all worth the effort.B.It will bring you happiness and power.C.A good and honest smile can make a difference.D.You will become the most popular person in school.E.They will be the ones to open up chances for new communication.F.The classroom is another good place to make friends in a new campus.G.Here are several skills that help you overcome shyness and build new friendships.11. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G12. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G13. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G14. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G15. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. GJanuary 15，2016，was no different.The medicine that I took for my arthritis（关节炎）caused me to(16)up at midnight with a dry mouth.I was walking back upstairs to my room after drinking some water,when I heard my bulldog,Rock.It mademuch (17)，as if to tell me,"We've got to go back."I turned around and found it was(18)down there,but I didn't remember leaving a light on.Walking downstairsagain,I saw fire!I(19)shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids,I took a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the roof（屋顶）.Then I managed to(20)the window and got everybody out on the roof.It was(21)out there!It was January,but we just had our pajamas（睡衣）on.I started(22)for help.But help(23)came.I was(24)heights,but I couldn't leave my family(25).So without a second thought I(26)off the roof and foundour ladder（梯子）.I placed it(27)the wall of the house,and(28)back up to the roof.In no time,I held my daughter in my arms and carried my nine-month-old baby only with my(29)，by his little pajamas.Then I climbed down the(30).Once on the ground,I put them down and went back up to the roof to get my otherdaughter and then my wife.I tried to get my(31)，but sadly he just(32)in the black smoke.I never saw Rock alive again.I'm not a(33)，but just an ordinary person who tried to protect his own family from the(34).And Rock will live in our memory forever.Without his(35)，I wouldn't have noticed the danger.16. A. warm B. wake C. cheer D. dress17. A. noise B. mess C. trouble D. damage18. A. frightening B. wild C. normal D. bright19. A. finally B. gradually C. immediately D. simply20. A. shut B. clean C. tap D. open21. A. cold B. dry C. comfortable D. wet22. A. requiring B. rushing C. crying D. moving23. A. slowly B. always C. really D. never24. A. confident about B. scared of25. C. excited at D. puzzled over26. A. trapped B. confused C. cheated D. annoyed27. A. fell B. jumped C. kept D. stepped28. A. on B. against C. beside D. in29. A. walked B. kicked C. swung D. climbed30. A. legs B. arms C. teeth D. back31. A. ladder B. stairs C. window D. room32. A. dog B. neighbor C. son D. baby33. A. stood B. hid C. watched D. disappeared34. A. champion B. hero C. master D. star35. A. dark B. height C. fire D. smoke36. A. contacting B. leaving C. warning D. waiting37.This summer has been full of unforgettable (1) （moment）.Among them,Su Bingtian,a 31-year-old runner,set(2) new Asian record of 9.83 seconds at the Tokyo Olympics semifinals（半决赛）on Aug 1.Although hefinished sixth in the final with a time of 9.98 seconds,he still made a history. " (3) （actual），I'm very happy to run under 10 seconds twice in such a short time"，Su said after the race. "Making it into the finals,I have already given all I have."38.Known (4) "Chinese flying man"，Su has been working hard (5) （achieve）his dream.In 2015，Su became thefirst Chinese to run 100 m in less than 10 seconds.After that,Su competed in many international events and won a number of medals.Sadly,at the same time,he suffered greatly from his (6) （injure）and his determination to go on running was tested.He even (7) （plan）to leave the field in 2017，(8) the wish to run in the 100 m final in the Olympics brought him back on the field.39.Now in his third Olympics,his (9) （amaze）performance has excited people both at home and abroad.SuBingtian is really a living legend (10) success will surely encourage more young players in their sporting career（事业）.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)40.She didn't know much about the plan but she ______（假装）to.41.The experts are working hard to find a ______（解决办法）to the problem.42.There was a（n）______（令人尴尬的）silence when no one knew what to say.43.Ellis Island has become one of America's most popular tourist______（目的地）.44.Freshmen will face many ______（挑战），such as which courses to take and how to make new friends.45.Putonghua is the o ______language of China,and it's winning increasing popularity around the world.46. A v______ refers to a person who does a job without being paid for it.47.After the boy g ______from high school,he continued his study in Zhejiang University.48.As a curious teenager,I look forward to e ______the universe（宇宙）and discovering its truths.49.He admits that recently he has become a ______to playing online games,and therefore his grades havedropped greatly.50.外面这么吵以至于我现在无法专心听讲座了。

永州一中2024届高三第一次月考试题英语科第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirtA. 19.15.B. 9.18.C. 9.15.答案是C。

1. How will the woman go to the man’s houseA. By taxi.B. By train.C. By bus.2 What does the man advise the woman to doA. Have lunch first.B. Buy another T-shirt.C. Wear warmer clothes.3. What does the man meanA. He likes darkness.B. He is going blind.C. He can’t stand the strong light.4. Where may the conversation take placeA. In a gym.B. On a mountain.C. At home.5. What are the speakers mainly talking aboutA. Selecting a TV program.B. Improving people’s health.C. Livingin the countryside.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

湖南省永州市零陵区永州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期6月月考英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解There are many podcasts(播客)that teach English and you can listen to them anytime. Here is a list of some of the best podcasts that you must see.Learn English PodcastThis podcast has three levels. The first is for beginners, the second is for intermediates(中级学生)and the third is for upper intermediates. If a person wants to learn Business English, then episodes are also made for him. Every podcast is short but very informative. Worksheets(活页练习题)and vocabulary tasks are also included.Speaking BroadlyThis podcast is made for advanced learners. Explained through discussion and interviews, each episode has non-native English speakers and every recording also has expert feedback. You will see some common mistakes made by English learners and you can improve your English by learning from those mistakes.The English We SpeakThis podcast airs one episode daily and every episode is only three to four minutes, which talks about phrases and idioms. There are two people in each episode who communicate with each other. Whatever level you are, you will find it rewarding.Elementary PodcastThis podcast is mainly for beginners and intermediate level learners. The length of a podcast is around 25 minutes but you can pause it anytime and continue whenever you want. The hosts of each episode are different.1．Which podcast provides exercises going with it?A．Speaking Broadly.B．Elementary Podcast.C．The English We Speak.D．Learn English Podcast.2．What do we know about Speaking Broadly?A．It records just expert speakers.B．It targets beginners.C．It presents some typical mistakes.D．It provides feedback from listeners. 3．What do The English We Speak and Elementary Podcast have in common?A．They are both interactive.B．They cater for beginners.C．They have the same length.D．They share the same contents.America was where all my mother’s hopes lay. My mother believed one could be anything he wanted to be in America. “You can be a prodigy (神童), too,” my mother told me when I was nine. “You can be best at anything.” We didn’t immediately pick the right kind of prodigy. At first my mother thought I could be a Chinese Shirley Temple. We’d watch Shirley’s old movies on TV as though they were training films. My mother would poke my arm and say, “Ni kan”—You watch.Soon after my mother got this idea about Shirley Temple, she took me to a beauty training school and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz.In fact, in the beginning, I was just as excited as my mother, maybe even more so. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size. I was a dainty ballerina girl standing by the curtains, waiting to hear the right music that would send me floating on my tiptoes. I was Cinderella stepping from her pumpkin carriage with sparkly cartoon music filling the air.In all of my imaginings, I was filled with a sense that I would soon become perfect. My mother and father would adore me. I would be beyond reproach (责备). I would never be annoyed by anything. Every night after dinner, my mother and I would sit at the Formica kitchen table. She would present new tests, taking her examples from stories of amazing children she had read and a dozen other magazines she kept in a pile in our bathroom. My mother got these magazines from people whose houses she cleaned. She would look through them all, searching for stories about remarkable children.The first night she brought out a story about a three-year-old boy who knew the capitals of all the states and even most of the European countries. A teacher was quoted as saying the little boy could also pronounce the names of the foreign cities correctly.“What’s the capital of Finland?” my mother asked me, looking at the magazine story.All I knew was the capital of California, because Sacramento was the name of the street we lived on in Chinatown. “Nairobi!” I guessed, saying the most foreign word I could think of. She checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce “Helsinki” before showingme the answer.The tests got harder — multiplying numbers in my head, finding the queen of hearts in a deck of cards, trying to stand on my head without using my hands, predicting the daily temperatures in Los Angeles, New York, and London.And after seeing my mother’s disappointed face once again, something inside of me began to die. I hated the tests, the raised hopes and failed expectations. Before going to bed that night, I looked in the mirror and when I saw only my face staring back — and that it would always be this ordinary face — I began to cry. Such a sad, ugly girl! I made high-pitched (尖锐的) noises like a crazed animal, trying to scratch out the face in the mirror.And then I saw what seemed to be the prodigy side of me — because I had never seen that face before. I looked at my reflection, blinking so I could see more clearly. The girl staring back at me was angry, powerful. This girl and I were the same. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts. I won’t let her change me, I promised myself. I won’t be what I’m not.4．Why did the mother and the girl watch Shirley Temple’s old movies on TV?A．Because the mother was a fan of Shirley TempleB．Because the girl resembled Shirley Temple in appearance.C．Because Shirley Temple’s hairstyle was very popular among children.D．Because the mother wanted her daughter to be a Chinese Shirley Temple.5．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the tests the girl did every night?A．She got through the tests painfully.B．She felt confident and finished them smoothly.C．She failed the tests and began to lose confidence.D．She made preparations for tests to please her mother.6．What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?A．The mother was disappointed and gave up her daughter.B．The mother expected her daughter to know the right answer.C．The answers were more than one and the mother checked them.D．The mother was not sure about the answer and wanted to confirm it.7．What might happen after the last paragraph?A．The girl might do what she really likes.B．The girl might do whatever her mother asks.C．The girl might try her best to become successful.D．The mother might change her attitude and listen to her daughter.I am standing next to a five-year old girl in Pormpuraaw, a small Aboriginal (土著的) community in northern Australia. When I ask her to point north, she points precisely and without hesitation. My compass says she is right. Later, back in a lecture hall at Stanford University, I make the same request of an audience of excellent professors. Many refuse; they do not know the answer.A five-year-old in one culture can do something with ease that great scientists in other cultures struggle with. This is a big difference in cognitive (认知的) ability. What could explain it? The surprising answer, it turns out, may be language.Around the world people communicate with one another using a variety of languages— 7,000 or so all told— and each language requires very different things from its speakers. For example, suppose I want to tell you that I saw Uncle Vanya on 42nd Street. In Mian, a language spoken in Papua New Guinea, the verb I used would reveal whether the event happened just now, yesterday or in the distant past, whereas in Indonesia, the verb wouldn’t even give away whether it had already happened or was still coming up. In Russian, the verb would reveal my gender.Research in my lab and in many others has been uncovering how language shapes even the most basic concept of human experience: space, time, and relationships to others. Unlike English, the language spoken in Pormpuraaw does not use relative spatial terms such as left and right. Rather speakers talk in terms of absolute directions. Of course, in English we also use direction terms but only for large spatial scales (标度). We would not say, for example, “They set the salad forks southeast of the dinner forks!” But in Pormpuraaw, absolute directions are used at all scales. This means one ends up saying things like “the cup is southeast of the plate” or “the boy standing to the south of Mary is my brother.”8．How does the author mainly explain the role language plays in the different cognition?A．By giving numbers.B．By making comparisons.C．By describing personal experiences.D．By presenting different viewpoints. 9．What contributes to the girl’s success in pointing the direction?A．Her training in Stanford University.B．The challenge from professors.C．The language she speaks.D．The English culture she absorbs.10．What can be shown from the verb used in the language Mian?A．The time.B．The gender.C．The space.D．The event. 11．What is the author’s attitude towards the language spoken in Pormpuraaw?A．Favorable.B．Cautious.C．Negative.D．Objective.In the book Consciousness Explained, the cognitive scientist Daniel Dennett describes a kind of fish, which wanders through the sea looking for a suitable rock to make its home for life. On finding one, the fish no longer needs its brain and eats it. Humanity is unlikely to adopt such an eating habit but there is a worrying trend that people are dumping themselves down by becoming overly dependent on “intelligent” machines, especially when ChatGPT comes out.Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has drawn 1 million people to register during the first week. Its allure is obvious: ChatGPT can produce jokes, write undergraduate essays and create computer code from a short writing prompt (提示).But this is a false impression. Computers have become more capable but they lack genuine thinking, developed in humans through constant social practices. ChatGPT does not know what it is doing; it is unable to say how or why it produced a response; and cannot tell if it is making sense. So why all the fuss? Google’s new AI-powered search tool, Bard was released in March 2023, making its ambition obvious in its promotional video. The profit-driven competition to fill our daily lives with artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly fierce.Humans have a long track of turning a blind eye to the risks of new breakthroughs. Web companies want to draw their users to think extremely highly of their AI tools, encouraging humanity to think them far beyond human’s cognitive competence. As we know, the rise of civilization through art and agriculture contributes mostly to the remarkable human mental powers. No one knows what will happen to such technologies if the software engineers of the future make themselves become software programs. Maybe the danger is not machines being treated like humans, but humans being treated like machines.12．Why does the author mention “the fish” in the first paragraph?A．To stress the importance of intelligent machines.B．To introduce a new kind of eating habit in animals.C．To compare with human’s unwillingness to think.D．To praise the excellence of human thinking ability.13．What does the underlined word “allure” mean in the second paragraph?A．Target.B．Attraction.C．Setting D．Access. 14．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A．Human beings are being treated like machines.B．Money matters much behind the AI competition.C．Computers are skilled at completing cognitive tasks.D．People should trust software more than themselves.15．What does the text mainly talk about?A．ChatGPT has both benefits and risks.B．Human depends overly on intelligent tools.C．More intelligent technology is always better.D．Human’s cognitive competence is irreplaceable.二、七选五Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance the plane will crash, killing you and everyone else on board. Would you still board?In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk. Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. 16 The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century, yet until recently it has remained a distant prospect, something that belongs in sci-fi more than in serious scientific and political debates. 17 It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities. But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate (操纵) and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images.In the beginning was the word. 18 From language emerges myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations—even computer code. AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization. What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage ofstories, melodies, images, laws, policies and tools are shaped by non-human intelligence?19 What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion?20 We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence? The time to reckon with AI is before our politics, our economy and our daily life become dependent on it.A．Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.B．Language is the operating system of human culture.C．In games like chess, no human can hope to beat a computer.D．By gaining mastery of language, AI is seizing the master key to civilization.E．Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.F．For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans.G．It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.三、完形填空In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11-year-old, lively and chatty, yet herto try “crazy ideas”. Gitanjali received $25, 000 to further develop her program along with the great 33 of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who 34 Gitanjali, “she shows a lot of motivation to solve 35 issues through science”. 21．A．earned B．designed C．offered D．made 22．A．exposed B．improved C．defined D．inspired 23．A．stick B．belong C．occur D．apply 24．A．simple B．reliable C．predictable D．creative 25．A．eventually B．immediately C．temporarily D．initially 26．A．managed B．promised C．pretended D．happened 27．A．observation B．command C．instruction D．control 28．A．access B．results C．decisions D．approval 29．A．optional B．complete C．continuous D．smooth 30．A．changed B．helped C．risked .D．followed 31．A．stresses B．credits C．impresses D．provides 32．A．encouragement B．request C．struggle D．pressure 33．A．fortune B．intention C．honor D．potential 34．A．keeps with B．gets along with C．takes care of D．speaks highly of 35．A．commercial B．academic C．practical D．systematic四、用单词的适当形式完成短文Speak Spanish? Learning the language? You’re in luck! 45 podcast team also makes Tumble en Español. —By TFK Kid Reporter Kellen Bhatt五、建议信46．假如你是高二学生李华，你校学生会近期要为即将参加高考的高三学子举行加油仪式(a pep rally)，现征集活动创意。

2023年高考英语模拟试卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。

选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。

2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。

3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．How come? I can’t find my key. I just left it ________ it ha d been.A．where B．whichC．when D．how2．The folks were delighted at the message of their relatives _______ that mine explosion.A．survived B．to survive C．were surviving D．surviving3．---Are you satisfied with his school report?---Not at all. It couldn’t ha ve been ______.A．worse B．so badC．better D．the worst4．It's always a good idea to have a second key somewhere________ you lose the first one.A．in case B．now thatC．even though D．as long as5．Although the used car seems in good ______, it cannot run fast.A．state B．situationC．condition D．occasion6．—______ you sing and dance at this late hour of the night?—Sorry, I will stop right now.A．May B．ShallC．Will D．Must7．Many universities throughout the world provide scholarships for students ________ financial aid.A．in favour of B．in need ofC．in face of D．in honour of8．When I was twenty, I had to________ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family. A．come out B．stay outC．leave out D．drop out9．That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it's high time we ____ strong actions against him.A．betrayed, take B．had betrayed, tookC．has betrayed, took D．has betrayed, take10．The mother goes mad every time she washes the T-shirt__________ her son wipes his dirty hands.A．that B．whereC．which D．when11．Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.A．is B．are C．is there D．are there12．—May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.— ______, thanks. I think I can manage.A．All right B．No problemC．It’s all right D．There’s no way13．It was ______ we were returning home ______ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.A．when; before B．when; thatC．before; where D．how; that14．The two girls are getting on very well and share _______ with each other.A．little B．much C．some D．none15．So popular _____ in his adopted hometown that he has been named honorary citizen of Beijing.A．Stephon Marbury isB．Stephon Marbury will beC．is Stephon MarburyD．will Stephon Marbury be16．The two birds _________ each other in shape and color. In other words, they _________ each other in shape and color.A．differ, are different from B．differ from, are different toC．resemble, are similar to D．resemble, are similar with17．I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasn’t able to ______.A．get away B．drop in C．check out D．hold on18．Given the huge gap _______ economic development and cultural consciousness, young people find big cities are safer than small towns.A．in view of B．in case of C．in consequence of D．in respect of19．I have to reschedule the appointment with you since there is a ______ in my arrangement.A．contract B．contrast C．connection D．conflict20．If we forgave criminals, we might become a society of endless excuses _____ no one accepts responsibility for anything．A．which B．where C．when D．as第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2022-2023学年高中高一下英语月考试卷学校：____________ 班级：____________ 姓名：____________ 考号：____________考试总分：118 分考试时间： 120 分钟注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;卷II（非选择题）一、完形填空（本题共计 1 小题，共计15分）1.(15分)Grace Hamlin, a 13-year-old girl from Hawaii, wins the Spirit of Community Award, for（1）________ youth to organize Christmas celebrations for children（2）________ and creating a variety ofvolunteer（3）________ for young people.Grace grew up（4）________ with her parents in a program for at-risk youth, but by age 8 she wanted to start making an（5）________ on her own. "We had to fight for me to get involved," she said, "because programs didn't want to（6）________ kids during community service."But with a lot of determination and hard work, she（7）________ persuaded charitable organizations to let her volunteer with them—and they recruited（招募）other young people to（8）________ her.From there, Grace（9）________ an organization called "Love Is A Verb" that organized numerous beach cleanups, provided Thanksgiving dinners for the homeless, and（10）________ kids at shelters. During Thanksgiving week, Grace and her（11）________ passed out 320 turkeys.But the most enjoyable project of all is her "Secret Santa Project" that makesChristmas（12）________ for children in need of holiday cheer. She holds（13）________ drives and raises money to provide gifts for kids staying in shelters—and then（14）________ holiday parties for them.This project has since（15）________ to include three shelters and one youth program, treating more than 300 kids to a memorable day with food, gifts, games, shaved-ice trucks.Throughout the pandemic Grace has continued her volunteer efforts and this holiday season is continuing food distributions for families in need, distributing 2,500 boxes of food every other week.（1）A.encouragingB.forcingC.teachingD.ordering（2）B.under pressureC.in needD.on leave（3）A.parksB.opportunitiesC.exhibitionsD.assessment（4）A.improvingB.learningC.playingD.volunteering（5）A.impactB.impressionC.appointmentD.issue（6）A.pick upB.look afterC.bring upD.leave behind（7）B.absolutelyC.immediatelyD.easily（8）A.guardB.pleaseC.observeD.join（9）A.guidedernedC.startedD.designed（10）A.rescuedB.entertainedC.interviewedD.inspired（11）A.familyB.friendsC.classmatesD.team（12）B.strongerC.brighterD.tougher（13）A.exchangeB.donationC.performanceD.culture（14）A.hostsB.investigatesC.chooseD.describes（15）A.stretchedB.declinedC.expandedD.spread二、阅读理解（本题共计 4 小题，每题 9 分，共计36分）2.Major Sporting Events in LondonCancer Research UK London Winter Run3 February 2019Take in some of London's most famous landmarks as the Cancer Research UK London Winter Run returns to the capital's streets to raise money for cancer sufferers. This 10-km-run event sees thousands of runners negotiate a route（路线）past top sights such as St Paul's Cathedral, the Bank of England and so on.The Peter Pan Cup in Hyde Park25 December 2018Watch brave outdoor swimmers compete in the icy waters of the Serpentine Lake at the annual Christmas Day race. The first race started in 1864. H. Coulter won a gold medal, which became the customary price for the winner. The Peter Pan Cup is only open to members of the Serpentine Swimming Club.Nitto ATP Finals 2018 at the O2From 11 to 18 NovemberCelebrate the climax（高潮）of the men's professional tennis season, as the Nitto ATP Finals return to the O2 with the world's best singles players and doubles teams. Last year's exciting final saw Grigor Dimitrov beat David Goffin to take the title for the first time.TISSOT UCI Track Cycling World Cup at Lee Valley VeloParkFrom 14 to16 DecemberCheer on the world's best track cyclists as this famous event returns to Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. Enjoy some of the best track racing at this exciting event, as the world's best cyclists, including Mark Cavendish, compete with the aim of building up qualifying points for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.（1）What might be the main purpose of organizing the winter run?A.To promote London as a tourist city.B.To collect money for cancer patients.C.To help runners beat the winter blues.D.To attract more businesses to London.（2）Who was the champion of Nitto ATP Finals 2017?A.H. Coulter.B.Mark Cavendish.C.Grigor Dimitrov.D.David Goffin.（3）What do the cyclists compete for?A.Title of the world's best cycling coach.B.Tickets for touring Lee Valley VeloPark.C.Approval of becoming a member of UCl.D.Qualification for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.3.Last summer, Katie Steller stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She rolled down her car window. "Hey!" she shouted. "I'm driving around giving free haircuts. If I go grab my chair, do you want one right now?" "No problem." he said. "I'll be right back," Steller said. She drove off, went to the salon she owns, and loaded a red chair into her car. Then she drove back. The man, named Edward, took a seat, and she cut his curly graying hair. After Steller was done, Edward looked in a mirror. "Ilook good!" he said.To date, Steller has given 30 or so such haircuts to people around the city. These clients are all living on the margins, and she is fully aware of the power of her cleanup job. "It's more than a haircut," she says. "I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect, but also to get to know people. I want to build relationships."Steller knows that a haircut can change a life. One changed hers: as a teen, she suffered from a disease called ulcerative colitis（溃疡性结肠炎）that was so severe and her hair thinned suddenly. Seeing this, her mother arranged for Steller's first professional haircut. "To sit down and have somebody talk to me like a person, it helped me feel cared about." she says. After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own salon so she could help people feel the way she'd felt that day. Not long after finishing cosmetology school in 2009, she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project.Steller listens to people's stories of loss, addiction, and struggle to get back on their feet. The attention apparently works. When she was cutting a woman's hair one day, someone drove by and yelled, "You look amazing!" The woman in the chair smiled very happily. "I'm not unnoticed," she exclaimed. "Look, people see me!" "The way you show up in the world matters," says Steller. "You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give them."（1）Steller gives haircuts to those who ________.A.live with low social statusB.live in the countrysideC.live on the edge of the citiesD.live in small communities（2）What inspired Steller to start her Red Chair Project?A.Her generosity to the poor.B.Her experience in illness.C.Her fear of being alone.D.Her skill of doing hair.（3）How did the woman in the chair feel?A.Confident.B.Shy.C.Shocked.D.Cheerful.（4）Which is the best title for the text?A.Simple Action of KindnessB.A Successful Salon OwnerC.The Power of Free CutsD.The Change of Life4.In the U.S., speaking more than one language fluently is not very common except in Los Angeles, California.The city has one of the largest population in the U.S. of young people between the ages of 18 and 34. This generation is often called millennials（新千年一代）. More than half of millennials in Los Angeles are bilingual（双语的）, which means they speak more than one language.Maria Elena Burgos is cooking a Mexican breakfast. She says making Mexican food is just one of the many traditions in her home. Another is speaking Spanish to her children."We want them to be bilingual. We want to keep the Spanish somewhere in their learning too, not only at home."When Ms Burgos first came to the United States from Mexico, she learned English. She knew her children would lean English quickly. So she wanted them to speak Spanish at home and study the language at school.She says being bilingual will give them more opportunities in the future. Knowing Spanish also means the children can talk with their relatives in Mexico."When we had our children, one of the decisions we as parents made was to name them with a name that was easily pronounced in English and Spanish."Elizabeth wants to know her family's culture. "The culture-to go back to our roots because that's part of who we are."Monica wants to pass on the culture to her children."It's nice to know our culture and then to be able to pass it onto our children and grand-children and everyone to let them know where we come from."And, Monica says she does not speak only English and Spanish. She has even learned some Korean in school.（1）Which of the following is a tradition of Maria?A.Cooking breakfast for her relatives.B.Talking with her children in Spanish.C.Talking with her relatives in Spanish.D.Forcing her children to speak Spanish.（2）What can be inferred from Monica's words?A.She doesn't care where she comes from.B.She looks forward to learning Spanish.C.Everyone should know his own culture.D.She doesn't like American culture.（3）Which of the following is mentioned about children speaking more languages?A.It can give children more chances in the future.B.It can make children feel proud before their friends.C.It can give the children a chance to go to a good college.D.It can let children go to the places where they want to go.（4）What's the main purpose of this passage?A.To entertain the readers with a funny story.B.To inform the readers of a shocking experiment result. ．C.To encourage more persons to learn a second language.D.To tell a truth that many people in Los Angeles are bilingual.A.Puzzles.B.Praise.C.Tests.D.Research.（3）Why do students praised for intelligence compare themselves with those who did worse?A.To improve their self-respect.B.To figure out how to do better.C.To understand their own mistakes.D.To push themselves to work harder.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Being smart is disadvantageous.B.Learning from mistakes is necessary.C.Trying only leads to more failures.D.Making the same mistakes is unavoidable.三、书面表达（本题共计 2 小题，每题 20 分，共计40分）6. 假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter计划来中国参观故宫博物馆，但由于新冠疫情的影响，请你给Peter写封电子邮件建议他最好利用互联网“云游博物馆”。

永州一中2023年高三元月大联考（新高考I卷）（新教材）英语·全解全析及评分标准第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）1—5 CABAC 6—10 BACBA 11—15 CBCAB 16—20 CBACA第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了洛杉矶四个顶尖的艺术画廊。

21. B 【解析】细节理解题。

根据第二段中的They have an impressive art agenda that includes 5 featured artistseach month, two full galleries, 25 working artists with studios, and an artist-made item store可知，在High Gallery & Studios这里有一个商店，里面都是艺术家制作的艺术品。

故选B。

22. B 【解析】细节理解题。

根据第三段中的Art buyers and appreciators can enjoy looking through the artexhibits while finishing off the evening at dining and entertainment establishments.可知，艺术品买家和鉴赏者可以欣赏艺术展览，同时在餐厅和娱乐场所结束晚上的活动。

故选B。

23. C 【解析】细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的They display artists in every level of their career includingemerging and mid-career artists. 可知，他们展示了艺术家职业生涯的各个阶段，包括新兴和中期职业生涯的艺术家。

故选C。

B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

当Ben Choi只有8岁的时候，他就被大脑控制的假肢所吸引。

2022-2023学年全国高一下英语月考试卷考试总分：45 分考试时间： 120 分钟学校：__________ 班级：__________ 姓名：__________ 考号：__________注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;卷II（非选择题）一、填空题（本题共计 2 小题，每题 5 分，共计10分）1. 根据所给汉语或首字母填写单词的正确结构，或符合语法结构的词。

（1）Students often make ________（complain）about too much homework.（2）As a monitor, you should have the ability ________（组织）activities.（3）I'm b________ to tears with her bad habits and I can't s________ her any more.（4）________（fortune）, he fell off the cliff, ________（break）his legs.（5）S________ does he turn to me for help, if ever.（6）I'd p________ to live in a village f________ of noise and pollution.（7）The program ________（design）last year to help those children dropping out to return to school.（8）I s________（认为）it's a ________（challenge）task.（9）My suggestion is that you ________ go to the countryside for ________（relax）.（10）More than one boy is fond of playing football, ________ is of benefit to their physical and mental health.2. It’s extremely ________ (尴尬的) to find that you have entered the wrong toilet. （根据汉语意思填空）二、完形填空（本题共计 1 小题，共计5分）3.(5分)Ever since I moved to Beijing in August, people have been telling me about the Fragrant Hills—（1）______ the autumn views they offer.So last Sunday I（2）______ two poor, simple laowai. We looked forward with childish（3）______ to golden leaves and the spiced smell of the pines in the crisp October air. After an hour-long subway andtaxi（4）______, we found ourselves on a vast ring road interchange,（5）______ with traffic and people coming from all directions. It seemed that all China had decided to come to the Fragrant Hills that day.The words "Fragrant Hills"（6）______ a picture of natural beauty and harmony—not rows of shops and（7）______ vendors screaming at you to buy their goods.After half an hour of（8）______ through the sea of bodies, we made（9）______ into the park. All pretences of polite "Britishness" were washed away as we（10）______ moved people aside with two hands—the only way of making progress. A couple of times, we attempted a bit of wandering（11）______ the path, only to be stung by poison ivy. We sadly returned to the（12）______. Then suddenly, just past a temple, we spotted a dirt track. The people（13）______. We were the only ones there. There were our golden（14）______ and our peaceful pine forests.（15）______, we collapsed onto rocks and brought out our lunchboxes.But the time came（16）______ we had to grit our teeth and throw ourselves（17）______ again. It took another half hour of fruitless（18）______ before we could collapse into a taxi. At about 7 pm, I finally arrived at my（19）______ station, home sweet home, tired and aching. I had found my Fragrant Hills, my oasis of（20）______, my harmony—in Chaoyang district.（1）A.particularlyB.speciallyC.surelyD.absolutely（2）A.cheered upB.brought upC.gathered upD.picked up（3）A.travelB.excitementC.interestD.expectation（4）A.streetB.rideC.tripD.journey（5）B.busyC.boilingD.heavy（6）A.writeB.showC.paintD.draw（7）A.noisyB.happyC.ordinarymon（8）A.walkingB.runningC.goingD.struggling（9）A.itB.oneC.ourselvesD.them（10）B.quicklyC.physicallyD.mentally（11）A.throughB.offC.acrossD.on（12）A.roadB.crowdC.wayD.visitors（13）A.lostB.appearedC.disappearedD.came（14）A.treesB.sunshineC.leavesD.fruits（15）A.ExhaustedB.SurprisedC.ExcitedD.Disappointed（16）A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when（17）A.uphillB.awayC.downhillD.nowhere（18）A.standingB.yellingC.wavingD.renting（19）A.railwayB.busC.subwayD.city（20）A.calmB.thrillC.frustrationD.satisfaction三、阅读理解（本题共计 4 小题，每题 5 分，共计20分）4.Top Four Places to Visit in and around BaliUbudUbud is pretty away from the beaches. It is considered the cultural center of Bali, where you will discover the art and spirit of Bali and learn about Balinese religion through paintings, dance, and other art forms. You could drink a beer while watching a local band perform, but most people come here for the cultural appreciation.Nusa LembonganThis tiny island off the coast of Bali is where many people miss their journey plans, but it is a must-see. It is the perfect place to stay for a couple of nights. The roads are not good, but the island itself is so beautiful and quiet.SanurSanur is an especially relaxing beach town. It's close to the airport and Kuta. It's also the starting place to explore Nusa Lembongan.KutaThe beach of Kuta is great for surfing. It is crowded and you won't get far without someone trying to get you to rent a surfboard or buy something. The main town is a mixture of market stands and shopping malls containing the biggest brands, from Zara to Ralph Lauren. The familiarity of the western style shops and restaurants won't give anyone too much of a culture shock.（1）Which place are you probably advised to experience Balinese culture?A.Nusa Lembongan.B.Sanur.C.Ubud.D.Kuta.（2）What is special about Kuta?A.It is a beach town near the airport.B.It has a convenient transportation means on it.C.It is a shopping center and famous for surfing.D.It is a place where you can learn Balinese history.（3）Where is the text probably taken from?A.An official document.B.A travel magazine.C.A science report.D.A history book.5.I grew up in New Hampshire, a small town in South Canada, where in my father's words for the seasons were "Spring, Summer, Fairtime（赶集）and Winter!" At that time, a week-long fair was held in the town every autumn. Thousands of people from other towns came to sell and buy things. It was the busiest time of the year.When "Fairtime" came, my grandma became the most "useful" and busiest person of the family. Grandma was a kind, well-educated old lady. She was good at cooking. All her relatives liked the food she cooked. During "fairtime", they would come to live in her house and have meals there. Grandma was always happy to look after them.Year after year, many people moved to big cities. There was no loner "Fairtime". Grandma became very old and was gradually going blind. My parents and I moved to live with Grandma in her house. We did our best to make her day-to-day life as comfortable as possible. I was at high school then. What I often did at home was to help Grandma with the daily newspaper's crossword puzzle. However, she didn't look happy. She often sat in her room for hours, without saying a word.To attract people to move back, the Town Hall decided to reopen the Fair. One day, when I came back room school, I saw Grandma wearing her glasses, washing the dishes in the kitchen. With a big smile on her face, she looked a lot much younger. She told me that her two nieces would come."They said the food I cooked was very delicious and they want to stay in my house again." Grandma said happily. "They will stay here for one week and we can have a big party. That must be the busiest week I've had in years!"I suddenly realized that Grandma didn't want to be looked after. She wanted to be "useful", appreciated and helpful.（1）Thousands of people came to the town to ________ at the Fair.A.enjoy Grandma's foodB.sell and buy thingsC.learn to cookD.have a big party（2）Why was Grandma unhappy?A.She was too busy.B.No one lived with her.C.She was not "useful".D.She couldn't see anything.（3）Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.Grandma was good at cooking.B.Many people moved to big cities.C.Grandma didn't like "Fairtime".D.Grandma was a kind old lady.（4）What's the best title for the passage?A.FairtimeB.My "Old" GrandmaC.A Small TownD.Grandma's Family其他成分：1）such as a crime suspect为介词短语作状语；2）if the response delay was sorted by mistake into thought control or answer making up为if引导的条件状语从句；3）when it was in fact caused by a different factor为when引导的时间状语从句；4）such as simply being distracted or thoughtful为介词短语作状语。